Efficient preparation method of fatty acid

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient preparation method of fatty acid, which is characterized in that a vertical condensation module is arranged above a filler, so that high-temperature steam with fatty acid gradually enters each condensation unit of the vertical condensation module for sectional condensation, and the condensation efficiency is improved; meanwhile, after condensation is completed, the liquid fatty acid can flow downwards along the vertical condensation pipeline, so that the liquid fatty acid attached to the inner wall of the condensation pipeline is reduced, the blocking frequency of the vacuum pump is reduced, and the preparation efficiency of the fatty acid is fully improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of chemical industry, and in particular to a method for efficiently preparing fatty acids. Background Art

[0002] Mixed fatty acids refer to fatty acids composed of multiple fatty acid monomers, which are widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemical and other industries; they include hexadecene saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 63°C, octadecene saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 72°C, and low-carbon fatty acids with a condensation point between 20°C and 63°C; the raw materials for the preparation of mixed fatty acids mainly come from natural oils and fats, such as palm oil, which can be refined to obtain edible oil with a condensation point of 24°C and a mixture of fatty acids with impurities; therefore, it is necessary to separate the mixed fatty acids through distillation.

[0003] like Fig.19 As shown, a common method for preparing fatty acids is as follows: first, the gas inlet end of the condensation channel on the horizontal condenser needs to be connected to the distillation tower above the distillation kettle, and the condensation channel needs to be connected to the external collector through a vertical collecting pipe, and then the vacuum pump is connected to the end of the condensation channel on the horizontal condenser through a vacuum pipe; the vacuum pump can draw away the air and create a vacuum environment, and at the same time can draw high-temperature steam into the horizontal condenser; during operation, the mixture in the distillation kettle is heated, and the vacuum pump draws the high-temperature steam with mixed fatty acids into the horizontal condenser for condensation. After the condensation is completed, liquid fatty acids composed of various fat end monomers enter the collector along the collecting pipe; however, this preparation method has shortcomings.

[0004] After the high-temperature steam enters the condensation channel for condensation, it takes a long time to condense. Since the condensation channel in the horizontal condenser is a horizontal channel, most of the liquid fatty acids flow into the collector after condensation, but some condensed liquid fatty acids will still adhere to the inner wall of the condensation channel. This part of the attached liquid fatty acids and the high-temperature steam that has no time to condense are easily sucked into the vacuum pump, causing the vacuum tube and vacuum pump to be blocked every 2-3 days, affecting the efficiency of fatty acid production.

[0005] Once the vacuum pump and vacuum pipe are blocked, the fatty acid production process needs to be stopped and the vacuum pump and connecting pipes need to be cleaned. The whole process takes a long time, further affecting the efficiency and cost of fatty acid production. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a highly efficient method for preparing fatty acids. A vertical condensation module is arranged above a filler so that high-temperature steam containing fatty acids gradually enters each condensation unit of the vertical condensation module for segmented condensation, thereby improving the condensation efficiency. Meanwhile, after the condensation is completed, the liquid fatty acids can flow downward along a vertical condensation pipe, thereby reducing the liquid fatty acids attached to the inner wall of the condensation channel, reducing the frequency of vacuum pump blockage, and fully improving the preparation efficiency of fatty acids.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way: An efficient method for preparing fatty acids comprises the following steps: S1: Install a distillation tower pre-filled with fillers on the upper end of the distillation kettle containing the fatty acid mixture, and connect the distillation tower and the distillation kettle to each other; S2: A vertical condensation module is installed above the packing, the vertical condensation module includes a plurality of condensation units arranged in the longitudinal direction, the condensation unit includes a condensation shell and a single or multiple condensation pipes extending in the longitudinal direction in the condensation shell, a cooling channel allowing the flow of coolant is formed between the condensation pipe and the condensation shell, the condensation pipes in every two upper and lower adjacent condensation units correspond to each other and are interconnected; from bottom to top, the condensation temperature of the plurality of condensation units decreases step by step; the topmost condensation unit is the final condensation unit; the condensation pipe of the final condensation unit is connected to a vacuum pump; S3: The fatty acid mixture in the distillation kettle is heated, and the vacuum pump is operated at the same time, so that the high-temperature mixed vapor with the mixed fatty acids rises through the filler, and then gradually passes through a plurality of condensation units with gradually decreasing condensation temperatures from bottom to top, and the fatty acids at the corresponding condensation points are condensed into liquid. The liquid fatty acids in each condensation unit automatically flow downward out of the corresponding condensation pipe under the action of gravity.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, each condensing unit is provided with a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe communicating with the cooling channel, and in every two upper and lower adjacent condensing units, the liquid outlet pipe of the upper condensing unit is connected with the liquid inlet pipe of the lower condensing unit, and in step S3, the cooling liquid is introduced into the liquid inlet pipe of the final condensing unit, and the temperature of the cooling liquid increases after heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed vapor in the corresponding condensing pipe and flows downward into the cooling channel of the next condensing unit, and the cycle is repeated until the cooling liquid flows out from the liquid outlet pipe of the lowest condensing unit, so as to ensure that the condensation temperature of the multiple condensing units from bottom to top decreases step by step; by interconnecting the cooling channels of the various condensing units, the cooling liquid flows through the various condensing units from top to bottom, so that the various condensing units form different condensation temperatures, so as to facilitate the condensation of fatty acid monomers with different condensation points into liquid.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, a plurality of baffles are provided in the cooling channel of the condensing unit, and in step S3, the baffles reduce the downward flow speed of the coolant so that the coolant can fully exchange heat with the high-temperature mixed vapor in the corresponding condensing unit and then flow downward into the next cooling channel; and prevent the coolant from flowing too quickly into the cooling channel in the next condensing unit, thereby ensuring the production efficiency of fatty acids.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, at least one condensing unit is provided with a heating tube connected to the cooling channel, and after step S3, there is also step S4: high-temperature heating steam is introduced into the heating tube to allow the liquid fatty acids condensed on the condensing pipe to flow downward out of the condensing pipe of the corresponding condensing unit; this prevents some of the liquid fatty acids from hanging on the inner wall of the condensing pipe, thereby further improving the production efficiency.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the vertical condensation module also includes a collecting device, which includes a liquid collecting tray located between the vertical condensation module and the filler and used to collect liquid fatty acids, and the liquid collecting tray is connected to an external collector; a plurality of through holes extending vertically are provided on the liquid collecting tray at intervals, and a hollow tube corresponding to the position of the through hole is installed on the upper end of the liquid collecting tray, and the hollow tube allows high-temperature mixed vapor to pass upward; a liquid collecting area is formed between the plurality of hollow tubes, and in step S3, the liquid fatty acids in the plurality of condensation units converge into the liquid collecting area under the action of gravity, and then enter the collector; the plurality of fatty acid monomers are condensed into liquid and then converge into the collector to prevent the liquid fatty acids from flowing back into the distillation kettle 1.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, a flow rate regulating module is provided between the filler and the vertical condensing module, the flow rate regulating module comprises a vertically extending airflow duct, a first regulating component is provided at the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct, the first regulating component comprises a plurality of first regulating sheets evenly distributed along the circumferential direction at the lower pipe opening, the first regulating sheets are hinged at the lower pipe opening; a second regulating component is provided at the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct, the second regulating component comprises a plurality of second regulating sheets evenly distributed along the circumferential direction at the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct and corresponding to the plurality of first regulating sheets one by one, the second regulating sheets are hinged at the upper pipe opening; a linkage mechanism is provided between the first regulating sheets and the second regulating sheets corresponding to each other; in an initial state, the plurality of first regulating sheets are opened outwardly and form a tapered acceleration channel which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom with the lower pipe opening, and the plurality of second regulating sheets are closed inwardly to a vertical state; In step S3, when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam gradually increases and is less than a predetermined speed, multiple first adjustment plates are further opened under the action of airflow to increase the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam; when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam gradually increases and is equal to the predetermined speed, multiple first adjustment plates are opened outward to a horizontal state under the action of airflow, so that the high-temperature mixed steam passes through the airflow pipeline at a predetermined speed; when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam is greater than the predetermined speed, the first adjustment plates are flipped upward from the horizontal state under the action of airflow and are linked to the corresponding second adjustment plates to open outward through a linkage mechanism, so that an inverted cone-shaped deceleration channel with a wide top and a narrow bottom is formed between the multiple second adjustment plates and the upper pipe mouth to reduce the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam; so that the high-temperature mixed steam with fatty acids can rise at a relatively stable speed and enter the vertical condensation module 4, thereby ensuring the condensation effect and improving the production efficiency of fatty acids.

[0013] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a connecting rod assembly and a linkage assembly, the connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, the linkage assembly includes a base connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct, a sliding member is slidably connected to the base, and the sliding member has a linkage part extending beyond the base; the two ends of the first connecting rod are respectively hinged on the first speed regulating plate and the sliding member; the linkage assembly also includes a rotating seat and a rotating rod hinged on the rotating seat, and the positions of the rotating rod and the linkage part correspond; the two ends of the second connecting rod are respectively hinged on the second speed regulating plate and the rotating rod; in step S3, when multiple first adjusting plates are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first adjusting plate drives the sliding member to slide through the first connecting rod and makes the linkage part close to the rotating rod; when multiple first adjusting plates are flipped upward from the horizontal state, the sliding member continues to slide and makes the linkage part act on the rotating rod to rotate, so as to link multiple closed second adjusting plates to open outward.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, a liquid-isolating net assembly for isolating liquid is installed between every two adjacent condensation pipes, the liquid-isolating net assembly comprising an annular clamp and a plurality of vertically and closely arranged corrugated wire meshes arranged in the annular clamp, a wavy channel extending along the wave shape is provided between two adjacent corrugated wire meshes, and the plurality of wavy channels constitute a wave channel group; the corrugated wire mesh has a plurality of liquid-isolating holes, in step S3, the high-temperature mixed vapor passes upward through the wave channel group, and the plurality of liquid-isolating holes isolate the mixed liquid carried by the high-temperature mixed vapor below the corresponding condensation pipe; to prevent the mixed vapor from rising and entraining part of the liquid fatty acid into the condensation pipe of the upper condensation unit, to avoid the condensation of fatty acid monomers with higher condensation temperature in the condensation pipe of the previous condensation unit with lower condensation temperature, and to ensure the smooth progress of the fatty acid preparation process.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of corrugated wire meshes constitute a corrugated wire mesh group, and a plurality of said corrugated wire mesh groups arranged vertically are provided in the annular clamp; every two vertically adjacent wave channel groups are staggered with each other to form multiple barriers for the mixed liquid carried by the rising high-temperature mixed vapor, so as to isolate part of the liquid fatty acids in the mixed vapor as much as possible.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, a condensing temperature regulating component is installed on the vertical condensing module, and the condensing temperature regulating component includes a controller and a temperature measuring element, and the temperature measuring element is installed at the liquid outlet position of the final condensing unit; the final condensing unit transports cooling liquid to the liquid inlet pipe through a conveying device, and the controller is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element and the conveying device; in step S3, the temperature measuring element detects the cooling temperature and feeds back the detection signal to the controller, and the controller determines whether to control the conveying device to increase the delivery amount of the cooling liquid based on the detection signal, so that the condensing temperature in each condensing unit is in a stable state.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, a condensing temperature regulating component is installed on the vertical condensing module, and the condensing temperature regulating component includes a controller and a temperature measuring element. Except for the final condensing unit, the temperature measuring element is installed at the liquid outlet position of each of the remaining condensing units, and each of the remaining condensing units is installed with a liquid replenishing tube connected to the corresponding cooling channel, and the liquid replenishing tube is connected to a liquid replenishing device for replenishing coolant into the corresponding cooling channel, and the controller is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element and the liquid replenishing device; in step S3, the temperature measuring element at the corresponding position detects the cooling temperature and feeds back a detection signal to the controller, and the controller determines whether to control the corresponding liquid replenishing device to replenish coolant into the corresponding cooling channel based on the detection signal, so that the condensing temperature in each condensing unit is in a stable state.

[0018] Preferably, each condensing unit is provided with a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe communicating with the cooling channel. In step S2, coolant of different temperatures is introduced into the liquid inlet pipe of each condensing unit so that the condensation temperature of the multiple condensing units from bottom to top decreases step by step.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the vertical condensation module also includes a collecting device, which includes a plurality of collecting trays for collecting liquid fatty acids, each collecting tray is installed under the corresponding condensation unit; each collecting tray is connected to an external collector; a plurality of through holes extending vertically are provided on the collecting tray at intervals, and a hollow tube corresponding to the position of the through hole is installed on the upper end of the collecting tray, and the hollow tube allows high-temperature mixed vapor to pass upward; a collecting area is formed between the plurality of hollow tubes, and in step S3, the liquid fatty acids in each condensation unit flow downward out of the corresponding condensation pipe under the action of gravity and then flow into the corresponding collecting area, and then enter the corresponding collector; different monomer fatty acids flow into the corresponding collector, and while the liquid fatty acids are collected, the purity of each monomer fatty acid is also higher.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention using the above technical solution are: The present invention installs a vertical condensation module above the filler, so that the high-temperature mixed steam in the distillation kettle enters each condensation unit in the vertical condensation module in turn and condenses the fatty acid monomers of the corresponding condensation points into liquid in sections. The liquid fatty acid flows downward out of the condensation pipe under the action of gravity, so that the liquid fatty acid is prevented from condensing on the pipe wall of the condensation pipe, the condensation efficiency is improved, the problem of vacuum pump blockage caused by too fast flow of high-temperature mixed steam and condensation of liquid fatty acid is reduced, the frequency of vacuum pump cleaning is reduced, and the preparation efficiency of fatty acids is improved.

[0021] Each condensing unit in the vertical condensing module adopts a method of interconnecting the upper and lower adjacent liquid inlet pipes and liquid outlet pipes to make the cooling channels in each condensing unit interconnected, and inject coolant into the liquid inlet pipe in the final condensing unit. The coolant flows downward after heat exchange and enters the cooling channel of the next condensing unit. This design not only saves coolant costs, but also enables multiple condensing units to form different condensation temperatures. The design is ingenious and kills two birds with one stone.

[0022] A flow rate regulating module is arranged below the vertical condensation module, and the flow rate regulating module relies on a tapered channel structure similar to a Laval tube to control the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed vapor. When the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed vapor is low, the vapor passes through the tapered acceleration pipe and flows upward at a faster speed. When the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed vapor is high, the first regulating component is linked to the second regulating component through a linkage mechanism, so that the upper end of the airflow pipe forms an inverted cone to decelerate the passage, thereby reducing the speed at which the vapor flows upward, ensuring that the high-temperature mixed gas flows upward into the vertical condensation module at a predetermined speed or close to the predetermined speed and is fully condensed, thereby preventing the fatty acid preparation efficiency from being affected by the vapor rising speed being too fast or too slow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is the structural layout diagram of the fatty acid production equipment; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a vertical condensing module; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a flow rate regulating module; Figure 4 A state diagram of the first regulating component and the second regulating component when the flow velocity of the airflow is less than a predetermined velocity; Figure 5 A state diagram of the first regulating component and the second regulating component when the flow velocity of the airflow is equal to the predetermined velocity; Figure 6 A state diagram of the first regulating component and the second regulating component when the flow velocity of the airflow is greater than a predetermined velocity; Figure 7A cross-sectional view of the first regulating component and the second regulating component when the flow velocity of the airflow is less than a predetermined velocity; Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the first regulating component and the second regulating component when the flow velocity of the airflow is equal to the predetermined velocity; Fig. 9 A cross-sectional view of the first regulating component and the second regulating component when the flow velocity of the airflow is greater than a predetermined velocity; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid collecting tray; Fig.11 This is an enlarged view of the bottom of the cone on the liquid collection tray; Fig.12 A structural diagram of the position of the nozzle of the air flow duct; Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the corrugated wire mesh; Fig.14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the liquid isolation net assembly; Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the alignment and interlacing of the wave channel groups; Fig.16 In Example 2, the structural installation diagram of the vertical condensing module; Fig.17 This is a structural installation diagram of the collecting device in Example 3; Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the airflow duct; Fig.19 The schematic diagram of the prior art fatty acid production device is shown in the following figure; Fig. 20 A flowchart of the method steps of the present invention; The reference numerals of the figures are: 1- distillation kettle, 2- distillation tower, 3- packing, 4- vertical condensation module, 41- condensation unit, 42- condensation pipeline, 421- connecting hard pipe, 43- cooling channel, 44- baffle, 45- liquid inlet pipe, 451- liquid storage tank, 46- liquid outlet pipe, 47- heating pipe, 48- liquid replenishing pipe, 481- liquid replenishing device, 49- temperature measuring element, 5- flow rate regulating module, 51- air flow pipeline, 52- first regulating plate, 521- first elastic plate, 53- second regulating plate, 531- second elastic plate, 54- first connecting rod, 55- second connecting rod, 56- sliding member, 56a- base, 56b- slide groove, 57- Rotating rod, 571-rotating seat, 572-limiting part, 58-installing part, 581-hinge part, 6-liquid isolation net assembly, 61-corrugated wire mesh, 611-unit orifice plate, 62-annular hoop, 621-flange ring, 622-positioning hole, 63-wavy channel, 7-liquid collecting tray, 7a-enclosing part, 71-through hole, 72-liquid collecting area, 73-hollow tube, 74-support part, 75-through groove, 76-conical liquid guiding surface, 761-bottom surface, 77-inverted cone-shaped air guiding surface, 771-top surface, 78-edge plate, 79-guide groove, 78a-collector, 79a-collecting tube, 8-vacuum pump, 81-connecting tube, 9-installing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0025] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0026] The present invention has multiple embodiments, and the specific implementation methods are as follows: Example 1: Figure 1-15 , Fig.18 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for efficiently preparing fatty acids, comprising the following steps: S1: A distillation tower 2 pre-installed with a filler 3 is installed on the upper end of a distillation kettle 1 containing a fatty acid mixture, and the distillation tower 2 and the distillation kettle 1 are connected to each other; the filler 3 can be a plurality of corrugated plates arranged closely and tightened by a set of rings; the rings are fixedly installed in the distillation tower 2; the filler 3 can make the flow of the rising high-temperature mixed vapor more uniform; S2: A vertical condensation module 4 is installed above the packing 3. The vertical condensation module 4 includes a plurality of condensation units 41 arranged in the longitudinal direction. The condensation units 41 are located in the distillation tower 2. In this embodiment, the condensation unit 41 is a vertical shell and tube condenser. The condensation unit 41 includes a condensation shell and a single or multiple condensation pipes 42 extending in the longitudinal direction in the condensation shell. A cooling channel 43 allowing the flow of coolant is formed between the condensation pipe 42 and the condensation shell. The cooling channel 43 is isolated from the condensation pipe 42. The condensation pipes 42 in every two condensation units 41 adjacent to each other correspond to each other and are connected to each other. Specifically, the mutual connection in this embodiment means that the upper and lower shells are fixedly connected and the condensation pipes 42 correspond to each other, and there is still a space between the condensation pipe 42 at the upper end and the condensation pipe 42 at the lower end; the condensation temperatures of the multiple condensation units 41 adjacent to each other from bottom to top decrease step by step; the top condensation unit 41 is the final condensation unit; the condensation pipe 42 of the final condensation unit is connected to the vacuum pump 8; the vacuum pump 8 is connected to the condensation pipe 42 of the final condensation unit through a connecting pipe 81, and provides a vacuum preparation environment for the fatty acid preparation process to improve the preparation efficiency; S3: The fatty acid mixture in the distillation kettle 1 is heated, and the vacuum pump 8 is operated at the same time, so that the high-temperature mixed vapor with the mixed fatty acids rises through the filler 3, and then gradually passes through a plurality of condensation units 41 with gradually decreasing condensation temperatures from bottom to top, and the fatty acids at the corresponding condensation points are condensed into liquid. The liquid fatty acids in each condensation unit 41 automatically flow downward out of the corresponding condensation pipe 42 under the action of gravity. This segmented condensation preparation method allows the gaseous fatty acids to have sufficient condensation time, and the condensed liquid fatty acids quickly flow out of the condensation pipe 43 after the condensation is completed, thereby avoiding condensation of the liquid fatty acids in the pipe wall of the condensation pipe 43, reducing the probability of blockage of the vacuum pump 8 or the connecting pipe 81, and improving the preparation efficiency.

[0027] Further, in this embodiment, the vertical condensation module 4 has three condensation units 41, and the three condensation units 41 form three condensation zones with different condensation temperatures. In order to make the condensed liquid fatty acid overcome the effect of atmospheric pressure and flow downward stably, the longitudinal length of the condensation pipe 42 in the condensation unit 41 at the bottom and the condensation unit 41 in the middle is 1500mm, and the longitudinal length of the condensation pipe 42 in the condensation unit 41 at the top is between 1000mm and 1500mm; taking practical application as an example, for example, in the high-temperature mixed vapor, there are 18-carbon saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 72°C, 16-carbon saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 63°C, and low-carbon fatty acids with a condensation point of less than 63°C, in the high-temperature mixed vapor. When the steam passes through the three condensation units 41 from bottom to top, the 18-carbon saturated fatty acid will be condensed into liquid in the lowest condensation unit 41, the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid will be condensed into liquid in the middle condensation unit 41, and the low-carbon fatty acid will be condensed into liquid in the uppermost condensation unit 41. Since the condensation pipes 42 are connected to each other in a closed manner and have sufficient length, these liquid fatty acids can overcome the supporting force of atmospheric pressure and flow downward under the action of gravity. In actual production, the use of this preparation method can greatly reduce the blockage frequency of the vacuum pump 8. The vacuum pump 8 and the connecting pipe 81, which originally needed to be cleaned every 2-3 days, now only need to be cleaned every 15 days or more, which reduces the shutdown frequency during fatty acid preparation and improves the preparation efficiency.

[0028] Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to make the condensation temperatures in the multiple condensation units 41 different so as to condense the fatty acid monomers with different condensation points, in step S2, each condensation unit 41 is provided with a liquid inlet pipe 45 and a liquid outlet pipe 46 communicating with the cooling channel 43, and in every two condensation units 41 adjacent to each other, the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the upper condensation unit 41 is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 45 of the lower condensation unit 41, specifically, the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the upper condensation unit 41 is sealedly connected with the liquid inlet pipe 45 of the lower condensation unit 41 through a connecting hard pipe 421, and the liquid inlet pipe 45 of the final condensation unit is connected with a conveying device, and the conveying device includes a liquid storage tank 451 connected with the liquid inlet pipe 45, and in order to facilitate the conveying of the cooling liquid, it is also possible to A gear pump or other boosting device is provided between the liquid storage tank 451 and the liquid inlet pipe 45; in step S3, the liquid inlet pipe 45 of the final condensing unit is passed through the cooling liquid, and the temperature of the cooling liquid increases after heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed steam in the corresponding condensing pipe 42 and flows downward into the cooling channel 43 of the next condensing unit 41, and the cycle is repeated until the cooling liquid flows out from the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the lowermost condensing unit 41, so as to ensure that the condensation temperature of the multiple condensing units 41 from bottom to top decreases step by step; by interconnecting the cooling channels 43 of each condensing unit 41, the cooling liquid flows through each condensing unit 41 from top to bottom, so that each condensing unit 41 forms a different condensation temperature, so as to facilitate the condensation of fatty acid monomers with different condensation points into liquid.

[0029] Furthermore, if the coolant directly passes through the cooling channels 43 of each condensing unit 41 in sequence, insufficient heat exchange may be caused due to excessively fast flow rate, so that the condensation temperatures of each condensing unit 41 tend to be the same, and it is difficult to form condensation zones with different condensation temperatures. Therefore, in step S2, a plurality of baffles 44 are provided in the cooling channel 43 of the condensing unit 41. In this embodiment, at least four layers of baffles 44 are arranged in the cooling channel 43 at intervals along the longitudinal direction. The baffles 44 can be welded and fixed to the inner wall of the shell, or can be surrounded and welded and fixed to the outer wall of the condensation pipe 43; in step S3, the baffles 44 reduce the downward flow speed of the coolant, so that the coolant undergoes sufficient heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed vapor in the corresponding condensing unit 41 and then flows downward into the next cooling channel 43; the coolant is prevented from flowing too quickly into the cooling channel 43 in the next condensing unit 41, thereby ensuring the efficiency of fatty acid production.

[0030] Furthermore, after the condensation is completed, most of the liquid fatty acids will flow downward out of the condensation pipe 43, but some liquid fatty acids may still hang on the inner wall of the condensation pipe 43. Therefore, in step S2, at least one condensation unit 41 is equipped with a heating pipe connected to the cooling channel 43. After step S3, there is also a step S4: high-temperature heating steam is introduced into the heating pipe. In order to melt the fatty acid monomers with different condensation points, the temperature of the high-temperature steam introduced in this embodiment is 80°C-90°C, which is much higher than the condensation point of each fatty acid monomer; the high-temperature steam causes the liquid fatty acids condensed on the condensation pipe 42 to flow downward out of the condensation pipe 42 of the corresponding condensation unit 41; it prevents some liquid fatty acids from hanging on the inner wall of the condensation pipe 42, thereby improving the fat end preparation and collection efficiency.

[0031] Furthermore, the liquid fatty acid flowing out of the corresponding condensation pipe 43 needs to be collected, so in step S2, the vertical condensation module 4 also includes a collecting device, which includes a liquid collecting pan 7 located between the vertical condensation module 4 and the packing 3 for collecting the liquid fatty acid. Specifically, a lap ring (not shown) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the distillation tower 2, and the liquid collecting pan 7 is overlapped and fixed to the upper end of the lap ring; the liquid collecting pan 7 is connected to a collecting pipe 79a, and the collecting pipe 79a is connected to an external collector 78a; in order to allow the liquid fatty acid to overcome the atmospheric pressure and flow downward into the collector 78a, the longitudinal length of the collecting pipe 79a is not less than 13m; in order to facilitate the collection of the liquid fatty acid, it is also possible to collect the liquid fatty acid in the collecting pipe 79a. A gear pump is arranged between the tube 79a and the collector 78a for extraction; a plurality of through holes 71 which pass through the liquid collecting plate 7 are arranged at intervals, and a hollow tube 73 corresponding to the position of the through hole 71 is installed at the upper end of the liquid collecting plate 7, and the aperture of the hollow tube 73 is greater than or equal to the aperture of the through hole 71; the hollow tube 73 is integrally formed with the upper end of the liquid collecting plate 7, and the hollow tube 73 allows high-temperature mixed vapor to pass upward; a liquid collecting area 72 is formed between the plurality of hollow tubes 73, and in step S3, the liquid fatty acids in the plurality of condensing units 41 flow into the liquid collecting area 72 under the action of gravity, and then enter the collector 78a; the plurality of fatty acid monomers are condensed into liquid and then flow into the collector 78a, so as to prevent the liquid fatty acids from flowing back into the distillation kettle 1.

[0032] Furthermore, after the liquid fatty acid falls, a small portion of the liquid fat end is likely to fall back into the distillation kettle through the opening of the conduit; in addition, in order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the liquid collecting tray, there is a gap between the inner wall of the distillation tower 2 and the liquid collecting tray 7, and there is a height difference between the lower end of the condensation pipe 42 of the lowest condensation unit 41 and the liquid collecting tray 7. The gravitational potential energy of the liquid fatty acid is relatively high when it falls, and the impact force on the tray body after falling into the liquid collecting tray 7 is relatively large, which can easily cause the liquid fatty acid to scatter in all directions and splash onto the inner wall of the distillation tower, and then flow downward into the gap between the inner wall of the distillation tower and the liquid collecting tray. To avoid this phenomenon, as Figure 10-11 As shown, in this embodiment, the hollow tube 73 of the liquid collecting tray 7 corresponds to the position of the upper condensing pipe 42, and a plurality of support portions 74 spaced apart along the circumferential direction are provided at the opening of the upper end of the hollow tube 73, and a through groove 77 allowing gas to pass upward is formed between every two adjacent support portions 74; the upper end of the support portion 74 is connected to a cone for receiving liquid fatty acids, and a conical liquid guide surface 76 is provided on the cone, and a plurality of ridges 78 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the conical liquid guide surface 76, each ridge 78 extends obliquely in the longitudinal direction, and a guide groove 79 is formed between every two adjacent ridges 78; in step S3, the plurality of ridges 78 can form a buffer for the falling liquid fatty acids, and divide the falling liquid fatty acids into a plurality of liquid flows that flow downward along the guide groove 79 into the liquid collecting area 72, which not only slows down the falling speed of the liquid fatty acids, but also prevents the liquid fatty acids from hanging on the conical liquid guide surface 761, so that the falling liquid fatty acids can flow smoothly into the liquid collecting area 72.

[0033] Furthermore, when the high-temperature mixed vapor rises to the upper tube mouth of the hollow tube 73, the conical body tends to block the vapor. Therefore, in this embodiment, the lower end of the conical body has a bottom surface 761, and an inverted cone is connected to the bottom surface 761. The inverted cone has an inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77. The cross-sectional area of ​​the inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77 gradually increases from bottom to top. Therefore, in step S3, the inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77 causes the rising gas to diffuse outward and lead out of the through groove 77, so that the high-temperature mixed vapor quickly passes upward through the liquid collecting plate 7.

[0034] Furthermore, in order to prevent the liquid fatty acid that falls into the liquid collecting tray 7 from flowing back into the distillation kettle 1 along the inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77, the top of the inverted cone has a top surface 771 that is connected to the bottom surface 761 of the cone, and the top surface 771 is surrounded by the bottom surface 761, thereby preventing the falling liquid fatty acid from contacting the inverted cone-shaped air guide surface 77, allowing the liquid fatty acid to fall smoothly into the liquid collecting tray 1.

[0035] Furthermore, the cone and the inverted cone can be a conical structure or a pyramidal structure. In order to ensure the lightness and low cost of the liquid collecting tray 7, the cone and the inverted cone are closed hollow structures.

[0036] Furthermore, in order to ensure the receiving effect of the liquid collecting tray 7, the liquid collecting tray 7 includes a bottom tray and a baffle 7a integrally formed at the edge of the bottom side, the baffle 7a extends upward beyond the upper end of the liquid collecting tray 7 to prevent the liquid fatty acid falling into the liquid collecting area 72 from overflowing; the upper end opening of the hollow tube 73 extends upward beyond the baffle 7a to prevent the liquid fatty acid in the liquid collecting area 72 from flowing back into the hollow tube 73.

[0037] Furthermore, the support portion 74 in the present embodiment is a rod-shaped structure that occupies a small space and facilitates the upward outflow of gas; in addition, the number of the support portions 74 should be within a reasonable range. If the number of the support portions 74 is too large, the width of the through groove 75 will become smaller, resulting in poor gas flow; if the number of the support portions 74 is too small, it will be difficult to form a stable support for the cone. Therefore, the number of the support portions 74 in the present embodiment ranges from 2 to 6, taking into account both the structural stability of the cone and the fluidity of the gas.

[0038] Furthermore, when the falling liquid fatty acids come into contact with the ribs 78, most of the liquid fatty acids will be divided and enter the guide grooves 79, but a small portion of the liquid fatty acids will still hang on the ribs 78. To avoid this phenomenon, in this embodiment, the ribs 78 are triangular or trapezoidal, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the ribs 78 gradually decreases from top to bottom, so that when a small portion of the liquid fatty acids flow downward under the action of gravity, the contact area with the ribs 78 becomes smaller and smaller, and gradually enters the guide grooves 79, thereby improving the collection efficiency of the liquid collection tray 7.

[0039] Further, if Figure 3-9 As shown, the high-temperature mixed steam passing through the filler 3 needs to maintain a stable flow rate to optimize the condensation efficiency of the fatty acid. However, in actual production, as the mixture in the distillation kettle 1 is heated and reacted, the flow rate of the rising high-temperature steam is difficult to control. In the initial state, the mixture does not react violently, so that the rising flow rate of the high-temperature steam is slow. After heating for a period of time, the rising flow rate of the high-temperature steam will become faster and faster. In order to avoid the uncertainty of the gas flow rate on the fatty acid preparation process. The flow rate regulating module 5 is provided between the filler 3 and the vertical condensation module 4 in this embodiment in step S2. The flow rate regulating module 5 includes a vertically extending airflow duct 51, and the lower pipe mouth of the airflow duct 51 has a first regulating component, and the first regulating component includes a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed at the lower pipe mouth. The first adjusting piece 52 is hinged at the lower pipe opening; the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct 51 is provided with a second adjusting component, and the second adjusting component includes a plurality of second adjusting pieces 53 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction at the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct 51 and corresponding to the plurality of first adjusting pieces 52 one by one, and the second adjusting pieces 53 are hinged at the upper pipe opening; a linkage mechanism is provided between the mutually corresponding first adjusting pieces 52 and the second adjusting pieces 53; in the initial state, the plurality of first adjusting pieces 52 are opened outwardly and form a tapered acceleration channel with a narrow top and a wide bottom between the lower pipe opening, and the plurality of second adjusting pieces 53 are closed inwardly to a vertical state; the acceleration principle of the tapered acceleration channel is the Laval tube principle, that is, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe through which the airflow passes is suddenly reduced, so that the flow velocity of the airflow is increased, and the specific principle is not repeated here; In step S3, when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam gradually increases and is less than the predetermined speed, the multiple first adjustment plates 52 are further opened under the action of the airflow to increase the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam; when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam gradually increases and is equal to the predetermined speed, the multiple first adjustment plates 52 are opened outward to a horizontal state under the action of the airflow, so that the high-temperature mixed steam passes through the airflow duct 51 at a predetermined speed; when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam is greater than the predetermined speed, the first adjustment plates 52 are flipped upward from the horizontal state under the action of the airflow and are linked to the corresponding second adjustment plates 53 to open outward through the linkage mechanism, so that an inverted cone-shaped deceleration channel with a wide top and a narrow bottom is formed between the multiple second adjustment plates 53 and the upper pipe mouth to reduce the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam; so that the high-temperature mixed steam with fatty acids can rise at a relatively stable speed and enter the vertical condensation module 4, thereby ensuring the condensation effect and improving the production efficiency of fatty acids.

[0040] Further, the specific structure of the linkage mechanism is as follows: the linkage mechanism includes a connecting rod assembly and a linkage assembly, the connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod 54 and a second connecting rod 55, the linkage assembly includes a base 56a connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct 51, a sliding member 56 is slidably connected to the base 56a, wherein two sides of the base 56a are provided with sliding grooves 56b, the sliding member 56 has a linkage portion 561 extending beyond the base 56a, the sliding member 56 is rod-shaped, and the linkage portion 561 is a portion extending beyond the sliding groove 56b; the two ends of the first connecting rod 54 are respectively hinged on the first speed regulating plate 52 and the sliding member 56; the linkage assembly also includes a rotating seat 571, which is hinged on the rotating seat 57 1, the rotating rod 57, the rotating seat 571 and the rotating rod 57 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base 56a, and the rotating rod 57 and the corresponding linkage part 561 are in corresponding positions; the two ends of the second connecting rod 55 are respectively hinged on the second speed regulating piece 53 and the rotating rod 57; in step S3, when the multiple first adjusting pieces 52 are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first adjusting pieces 52 drive the sliding member 56 to slide through the first connecting rod 54 and make the linkage part 561 close to the rotating rod 57; when the multiple first adjusting pieces 52 are flipped upward from the horizontal state, the sliding member 56 continues to slide and makes the linkage part 561 act on the rotating rod 57 to rotate, so as to link the multiple closed second adjusting pieces 53 to open outward.

[0041] Furthermore, since the linkage structure is a hinged connecting rod structure, to prevent the connecting rod structure from excessive deformation, the rotating rod 57 has a maximum rotation angle, and a limiting portion 572 is provided on the rotating seat 571. When the rotating rod 57 is rotated to the maximum rotation angle, the rotating rod 57 abuts against the limiting portion 572 to prevent the rotating rod 57 from continuing to rotate and avoid excessive rotation of the rotating rod 57, thereby facilitating the resetting of the rotating rod 57.

[0042] Furthermore, in order to prevent gaps from being generated between two adjacent first adjustment sheets 52 and between every two adjacent second adjustment sheets 53, and to ensure the stability of the rising airflow, a first elastic sheet 521 is connected between every two adjacent first adjustment sheets 52. When multiple first adjustment sheets 52 are opened outward, the first elastic sheet 521 produces elastic deformation and forms a seal for the space between two adjacent first adjustment sheets 52; a second elastic sheet 531 is connected between every two adjacent second adjustment sheets 53. When multiple second adjustment sheets 53 are opened outward, the second elastic sheet 531 produces elastic deformation and forms a seal for the space between two adjacent second adjustment sheets 53; the first elastic sheet 521 and the second elastic sheet 531 are both made of elastic sheet materials, such as rubber materials. The first elastic sheet 521 and the second elastic sheet 531 can also be folding structures. For example, the sheet materials are pre-folded along a wave shape to form a folding structure that can be opened or closed. The folding structure is similar to the structure of a folding fan.

[0043] Furthermore, in actual production, the first adjusting piece 52 will be acted on when the airflow rises. When the processing and production stops, the first adjusting piece 52 and the second adjusting piece 53 need to be reset to the initial state. Therefore, in this embodiment, elastic members are provided between the first adjusting piece 52 and the airflow duct 51, and between the second adjusting piece 53 and the airflow duct 51. The corresponding elastic members act on the first adjusting piece 52 and the second adjusting piece 53, so that the first adjusting piece 52 and the second adjusting piece 53 always have a tendency to reset to the initial state; specifically, the rotating connection between the first adjusting piece 52 and the lower pipe mouth of the airflow duct 51 forms a first hinged end, and the rotating connection between the second adjusting piece 53 and the upper pipe mouth of the airflow duct 51 forms a second hinged end. In order to save layout space, the elastic member is a torsion spring (not shown) arranged at the first hinged end and the second hinged end.

[0044] Furthermore, the installation structure of the first adjustment piece 52, the second adjustment piece 53 and the airflow duct 51 is as follows: the cross-section of the airflow duct 51 in the present embodiment is circular, which is not convenient for setting the first adjustment piece 52 and the second adjustment piece 53. Therefore, in order to facilitate the installation of the first adjustment piece 52 and the second adjustment piece 53, the upper pipe mouth and the lower pipe mouth of the airflow duct 51 are connected with a mounting portion 58 with a polygonal cross-section shape. The mounting portion 58 has a plurality of adjacent edges, and a protruding hinge portion 581 is provided on the edge. The first adjustment piece 52 and the second adjustment piece 53 are rotatably connected to the corresponding hinge portion 581.

[0045] like Fig.18 As shown, the airflow duct 51 is also in the distillation tower 2, wherein an annular strap is installed on the inner wall of the distillation tower 2, and screw holes are arranged on the annular strap, and a mounting ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct 51, and a plurality of waist-shaped grooves for avoiding the second connecting rod 55 and mounting holes circumferentially spaced from the waist-shaped grooves are arranged on the mounting ring, and the positions of the mounting holes and the screw holes correspond one to one; in step S2, the mounting ring is locked with the annular strap to install the flow rate regulating module 5 between the packing 3 and the vertical condensing module 4 in the distillation tower 2.

[0046] Furthermore, after the high-temperature mixed vapor passes through the condensation pipe 42 of the condensation unit 41 at the lower end, the fatty acid monomers at the corresponding condensation point are condensed into liquid, but the rising vapor is likely to carry a small amount of droplets into the condensation unit 41 at the upper end with a lower condensation temperature. At the lower condensation temperature, these droplets are likely to condense on the tube wall of the condensation pipe 42, causing the condensation pipe 42 to be blocked. In order to block the droplets and ensure the smooth progress of the condensation process, in step S2, an installation space with a height of 500 mm is reserved between every two adjacent condensation pipes 42, and a liquid isolation net assembly 6 for blocking the liquid is installed in the installation space, such as Figure 13-15As shown, the liquid barrier net assembly 6 includes a plurality of vertically and closely arranged corrugated screens 61, and a corrugated channel 63 extending along the wave shape is provided between two adjacent corrugated screens 61, and a plurality of corrugated channels 63 constitute a corrugated channel group; the corrugated screen 61 has a plurality of liquid barrier holes for blocking liquid droplets, and in step S3, the high-temperature mixed vapor passes upward through the corrugated channel group, and the plurality of liquid barrier holes blocks the mixed liquid carried by the high-temperature mixed vapor under the corresponding condensation pipe 42; to prevent the mixed vapor from rising and carrying part of the entrained liquid fatty acid into the condensation pipe 42 of the upper condensation unit 41, to avoid the fatty acid monomers with higher condensation temperature from condensing in the condensation pipe 43 in the previous condensation unit 41 with lower condensation temperature, and to ensure the fatty acid preparation process.

[0047] Further, if Fig.15 As shown, a plurality of corrugated screens 61 constitute a corrugated screen group, and a plurality of corrugated screen groups arranged up and down are provided in the annular clamp; to ensure the liquid isolation effect, two layers of corrugated screen groups are provided in the annular clamp in this embodiment; if two upper and lower adjacent wave channel groups are aligned with each other, the plurality of corrugated screens 61 can only form a single barrier to the droplets in the high-temperature steam, so in order to provide a barrier effect, in this embodiment, every two upper and lower adjacent wave channel groups are staggered with each other to form multiple barriers to the mixed liquid carried by the rising high-temperature mixed steam; after the high-temperature mixed steam passes through a layer of corrugated channel group, the upper layer of corrugated screen group will block the high-temperature mixed steam again to isolate part of the liquid fatty acids in the mixed steam as much as possible.

[0048] Further, to facilitate the installation of multiple corrugated screens 61, the annular hoop includes multiple annular sub-hoops 62 that are butt-jointed with each other, and the liquid isolation net assembly 6 is correspondingly installed in each annular sub-hoop 62. Each annular sub-hoop 62 can rotate along the vertical axis and stop at a corresponding position to adjust the staggered angles of the two corrugated groove groups in the corresponding two upper and lower adjacent liquid isolation net assemblies 6; specifically, one end of the annular sub-hoop 62 is provided with a flange ring 621, and a plurality of positioning holes 622 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the flange ring 621, and the flange rings 621 of every two upper and lower adjacent annular sub-hoops 62 are butt-jointed with each other; after the corresponding annular sub-hoop 62 is rotated to a predetermined position, the positioning holes 622 of the two upper and lower adjacent flange rings 621 correspond one to one and are locked by screws; to facilitate installation, a lap ring plate is installed on the inner wall of the distillation tower 2, and the locked flange ring 621 is also convenient to be placed on the lap ring plate on the inner wall of the distillation tower 2 for fixation.

[0049] Furthermore, the corrugated liquid barrier 61 is a corrugated wire mesh formed by a plurality of stainless steel wires interlaced with each other, the wire diameter of the stainless steel wires ranges from 1.2 mm to 1.8 mm, so as to form fine liquid barrier holes; the corrugated liquid barrier 61 includes a plurality of equally spaced bending sections, and a vertical unit orifice plate 611 is formed between every two adjacent bending sections. To facilitate installation and ensure the liquid barrier effect, the angle between every two unit orifice plates 611 is 60°, and the vertical height of the unit orifice plate 611 ranges from 45 mm to 60 mm; and to ensure that high-temperature steam can pass through while forming an effective barrier to droplets, the mesh number of the liquid barrier holes on the corrugated liquid barrier 61 in this embodiment ranges from 110 to 125, and the mesh number is the number of liquid barrier holes per square centimeter.

[0050] Further, after the coolant in the final condensing unit flows downward into the next condensing unit, if the temperature of the corresponding condenser is still too high and does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to increase the amount of coolant inlet. Specifically, in step S2, a condensing temperature adjustment component is installed on the vertical condensing module 4, and the condensing temperature adjustment component includes a controller and a temperature measuring element 49. The temperature measuring element 49 is installed at the position of the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the final condensing unit; the temperature measuring element 49 is usually a thermometer that can be electrically connected to the controller. The final condensing unit transports the coolant to the liquid inlet pipe 45 through a transport device, and the transport device includes a liquid storage tank 451 and a power transmission member. The power transmission member can be a motor (not shown) electrically connected to the controller. The motor is usually connected to a gear pump ( The controller is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element 49 and the conveying device; in step S3, the temperature measuring element 49 detects the cooling temperature and feeds back a detection signal to the controller, and the controller determines whether to control the conveying device to increase the delivery amount of the cooling liquid according to the detection signal; for example, when the temperature measuring element 49 measures that the condensation temperature in the corresponding condensation unit 41 meets the standard, the temperature measuring element 49 will not send a signal to the controller, so that the cooling liquid enters the cooling channel of the final condensation unit with a normal intake amount; when the temperature measuring element 49 measures that the condensation temperature in the corresponding condensation unit 41 does not meet the standard, it will send a signal to the conveying device to increase the intake amount of the cooling liquid, so that the condensation temperature in each condensation unit 41 is in a stable state.

[0051] Furthermore, in addition to increasing the amount of coolant entering the final condensing unit, the present embodiment can also control the condensing temperature through another design. Specifically, in step S2, a condensing temperature regulating assembly is installed on the vertical condensing module 4, and the condensing temperature regulating assembly includes a controller and a temperature measuring element 49. The temperature measuring element 49 is usually a thermometer that can be electrically connected to the controller. Except for the final condensing unit, the temperature measuring element 49 is installed at the position of the liquid outlet pipe 46 of each of the remaining condensing units 41, and each of the remaining condensing units 41 is installed with a liquid replenishing pipe 48 connected to the corresponding cooling channel 43, and the liquid replenishing pipe 48 is connected to a liquid replenishing device 481 for replenishing coolant into the corresponding cooling channel 43. The liquid replenishing device 481 has a similar structure to the conveying device. Similar; the controller is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element 49 and the fluid replenishing device 481; in step S3, the temperature measuring element 49 at the corresponding position detects the cooling temperature and feeds back a detection signal to the controller, and the controller determines whether to control the corresponding fluid replenishing device 481 to replenish the coolant into the corresponding cooling channel 43 based on the detection signal; for example, when the temperature measuring element 49 measures that the condensation temperature in the corresponding condensation unit 41 meets the standard, the temperature measuring element 49 will not send a signal to the controller, and the fluid replenishing device will not work at this time; when the temperature measuring element 49 measures that the condensation temperature in the corresponding condensation unit 41 does not meet the standard, it will send a signal to the conveying device to make the fluid replenishing device work and pass the coolant into the corresponding condensation unit 41, so that the condensation temperature in each condensation unit 41 is in a stable state.

[0052] Embodiment 2: This embodiment is different from the above embodiment in that the embodiment has a different method for maintaining the corresponding condensation temperature in each condensation unit 41. Specifically, Fig.16 As shown, each condensing unit 41 is provided with a liquid inlet pipe 45 and a liquid outlet pipe 46 communicating with the cooling channel 43, and a conveying device is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 45 of each condensing unit 41, and the coolant temperature in the liquid storage tank 451 of each conveying device is different; in step S2, the conveying device introduces coolant of different temperatures into the liquid inlet pipe 45 of each condensing unit 41, so that the condensation temperature of the multiple condensing units 41 from bottom to top decreases step by step; this design does not need to connect the liquid outlet pipe 46 and the liquid inlet pipe 45 of two adjacent condensing units 43 above and below, and can also create a corresponding condensation temperature and environment for each condensing unit 41, thereby ensuring the smooth preparation of fatty acids.

[0053] Embodiment 3: This embodiment is different from the above embodiment in that the specific structure of the collecting device is different. The collecting device is suitable for collecting fatty acid monomers with higher purity. Specifically, Fig.17As shown, in step S2, the vertical condensation module 4 also includes a collecting device, which includes a plurality of liquid collecting trays 7 for collecting liquid fatty acids, each of which is installed under the corresponding condensation unit 4; each liquid collecting tray 7 is connected to an external collector 78a; a plurality of through holes 71 extending vertically are arranged at intervals on the liquid collecting tray 7, and a hollow tube 73 corresponding to the position of the through hole 71 is installed on the upper end of the liquid collecting tray 7, and the hollow tube 73 allows high-temperature mixed vapor to pass upward; a liquid collecting area 72 is formed between the plurality of hollow tubes 73, and in step S3, the liquid fatty acids in each condensation unit 41 flow downward out of the corresponding condensation pipe 42 under the action of gravity and then flow into the corresponding liquid collecting area 72, and then enter the corresponding collector 78a; different monomer fatty acids flow into the corresponding collector 78a, and while collecting the liquid fatty acids, the purity of each monomer fatty acid is also higher.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: a distillation tower (2) pre-installed with a filler (3) is installed on the upper end of a distillation kettle (1) containing a fatty acid mixture, and the distillation tower (2) and the distillation kettle (1) are connected to each other; S2: a vertical condensation module (4) is installed above the filler (3), the vertical condensation module (4) comprising a plurality of condensation units (41) arranged in a longitudinal direction, the condensation unit (41) comprising an outer shell and a single or multiple condensation pipes (42) extending in the longitudinal direction in the outer shell, a cooling channel (43) allowing the flow of coolant is formed between the condensation pipe (42) and the outer shell, the condensation pipes (42) in every two upper and lower adjacent condensation units (41) correspond to each other and are interconnected; from bottom to top, the condensation temperature of the plurality of condensation units (41) decreases step by step; the topmost condensation unit (41) is a final-stage condensation unit; the condensation pipe (42) of the final-stage condensation unit is connected to a vacuum pump (8); S3: The fatty acid mixture in the distillation kettle (1) is heated, and the vacuum pump (8) is operated at the same time, so that the high-temperature mixed vapor containing the mixed fatty acids rises through the filler (3), and then gradually passes through a plurality of condensation units (41) with gradually decreasing condensation temperatures from bottom to top, and the fatty acids with corresponding condensation points are condensed into liquid. The liquid fatty acids in each condensation unit (41) automatically flow downward out of the corresponding condensation pipe (42) under the action of gravity.

2. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, each condensing unit (41) is provided with a liquid inlet pipe (45) and a liquid outlet pipe (46) which are in communication with the cooling channel (43). In every two condensing units (41) which are adjacent to each other, the liquid outlet pipe (46) of the upper condensing unit (41) is in communication with the liquid inlet pipe (45) of the lower condensing unit (41). In step S3, the liquid inlet pipe (45) of the last condensing unit is passed with cooling liquid. After heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed steam in the corresponding condensing pipe (42), the temperature of the cooling liquid increases and flows downward into the cooling channel (43) of the next condensing unit (41). The circulation is repeated until the cooling liquid flows out from the liquid outlet pipe (46) of the lowest condensing unit (41), thereby ensuring that the condensation temperature of the multiple condensing units (41) decreases step by step from bottom to top.

3. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, a plurality of baffles (44) are provided in the cooling channel (43) of the condensing unit (41). In step S3, the baffles (44) reduce the speed of the cooling liquid flowing downward, so that the cooling liquid can fully exchange heat with the high-temperature mixed steam in the corresponding condensing unit (41) and then flow downward into the next cooling channel (43).

4. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, at least one condensing unit (41) is provided with a heating pipe connected to the cooling channel (43). After step S3, there is also step S4: high-temperature heating steam is introduced into the heating pipe, so that the liquid fatty acid condensed on the condensing pipe (42) flows downward out of the condensing pipe (42) of the corresponding condensing unit (41).

5. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the vertical condensation module (4) further comprises a collecting device, the collecting device comprising a liquid collecting tray (7) located between the vertical condensation module (4) and the filler (3) and used for collecting liquid fatty acids, the liquid collecting tray (7) being connected to an external collector (78a); a plurality of through holes (71) extending vertically therethrough are provided at intervals on the liquid collecting tray (7), a hollow tube (73) corresponding to the position of the through hole (71) is installed at the upper end of the liquid collecting tray (7), the hollow tube (73) allowing high-temperature mixed vapor to pass upward; a liquid collecting area (72) is formed between the plurality of hollow tubes (73), and in step S3, the liquid fatty acids in the plurality of condensation units (41) flow into the liquid collecting area (72) under the action of gravity, and then enter the collector (78a).

6. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a flow rate regulating module (5) is provided between the filler (3) and the vertical condensing module (4), the flow rate regulating module (5) comprising a vertically extending airflow duct (51), a first regulating component being provided at the lower pipe opening of the airflow duct (51), the first regulating component comprising a plurality of first regulating plates (52) uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction at the lower pipe opening, the first regulating plates (52) being hinged at the lower pipe opening; a second regulating component being provided at the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct (51), the second regulating component comprising a plurality of second regulating plates (53) uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction at the upper pipe opening of the airflow duct (51) and corresponding to the plurality of first regulating plates (52) one by one, the second regulating plates (53) being hinged at the upper pipe opening; a linkage mechanism being provided between the first regulating plates (52) and the second regulating plates (53) corresponding to each other; in an initial state, the plurality of first regulating plates (52) are opened outwardly and form a tapered acceleration channel with a narrow top and a wide bottom between the lower pipe opening, and the plurality of second regulating plates (53) are closed inwardly to a vertical state; In step S3, when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam gradually increases and is less than a predetermined speed, the plurality of first adjustment pieces (52) are further opened under the action of the airflow to increase the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam; when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam gradually increases and is equal to the predetermined speed, the plurality of first adjustment pieces (52) are opened outwardly to a horizontal state under the action of the airflow, so that the high-temperature mixed steam passes through the airflow duct (51) at a predetermined speed; when the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam is greater than the predetermined speed, the first adjustment pieces (52) are turned upward from the horizontal state under the action of the airflow and are linked to the corresponding second adjustment pieces (53) to open outward through a linkage mechanism, so that an inverted conical deceleration channel with a width at the top and a narrowness at the bottom is formed between the plurality of second adjustment pieces (53) and the upper pipe opening, so as to reduce the flow rate of the high-temperature mixed steam.

7. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 6, characterized in that: The linkage mechanism comprises a connecting rod assembly and a linkage assembly, wherein the connecting rod assembly comprises a first connecting rod (54) and a second connecting rod (55), and the linkage assembly comprises a base (56a) connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct (51), a sliding member (56) being slidably connected to the base (56a), and the sliding member (56) has a linkage portion (561) extending beyond the base (56a); two ends of the first connecting rod (54) are respectively hinged to the first speed regulating plate (52) and the sliding member (56); the linkage assembly further comprises a rotating seat (571), a rotating rod (57) hinged to the rotating seat (571), and the rotating rod (57) and the linkage assembly The second connecting rod (55) corresponds to the position of the second speed regulating plate (53) and the rotating rod (57); the two ends of the second connecting rod (55) are respectively hinged on the second speed regulating plate (53) and the rotating rod (57); in step S3, when the plurality of first regulating plates (52) are opened outward to a horizontal state, the first regulating plates (52) drive the sliding member (56) to slide through the first connecting rod (54) and make the linkage portion (561) close to the rotating rod (57); when the plurality of first regulating plates (52) are turned upward from the horizontal state, the sliding member (56) continues to slide and makes the linkage portion (561) act on the rotating rod (57) to rotate, so as to link the plurality of closed second regulating plates (53) to open outward.

8. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a liquid isolating net assembly (6) for isolating liquid is installed between every two upper and lower adjacent condensing pipes (42), the liquid isolating net assembly (6) comprising an annular clamp and a plurality of vertically and closely arranged corrugated wire meshes (61) arranged in the annular clamp, a wavy channel (63) extending along a wave shape is provided between two adjacent corrugated wire meshes (61), and the plurality of corrugated channels (63) constitute a wave channel group; the corrugated wire mesh (61) has a plurality of mesh holes, and in step S3, the high-temperature mixed vapor passes upward through the wave channel group, and the plurality of mesh holes isolates the mixed liquid carried by the high-temperature mixed vapor below the corresponding condensing pipe (42).

9. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of corrugated wire meshes (61) form a corrugated wire mesh group, and a plurality of said corrugated wire mesh groups arranged vertically are arranged in the annular clamp; every two vertically adjacent wave channel groups are interlaced with each other to form multiple barriers for the mixed liquid carried by the rising high-temperature mixed vapor.

10. The method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a condensing temperature regulating component is installed on the vertical condensing module (4), and the condensing temperature regulating component includes a controller and a temperature measuring element (49). The temperature measuring element (49) is installed at the liquid outlet pipe (46) of the final condensing unit; the final condensing unit transports cooling liquid to the liquid inlet pipe (45) through a transport device, and the controller is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element (49) and the transport device; in step S3, the temperature measuring element (49) detects the cooling temperature and feeds back a detection signal to the controller, and the controller determines whether to control the transport device to increase the delivery amount of the cooling liquid based on the detection signal.

11. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a condensing temperature regulating component is installed on the vertical condensing module (4), and the condensing temperature regulating component includes a controller and a temperature measuring element (49). Except for the final condensing unit, the temperature measuring element (49) is installed at the position of the liquid outlet pipe (46) of each of the remaining condensing units (41), and each of the remaining condensing units (41) is installed with a liquid replenishing pipe (48) connected to the corresponding cooling channel (43), and the liquid replenishing pipe (48) is connected to a liquid replenishing device (481) for replenishing cooling liquid into the corresponding cooling channel (43). The controller is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element (49) and the liquid replenishing device (481). In step S3, the temperature measuring element (49) at the corresponding position detects the cooling temperature and feeds back a detection signal to the controller, and the controller determines whether to control the corresponding liquid replenishing device (481) to replenish cooling liquid into the corresponding cooling channel (43) according to the detection signal.

12. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each condensing unit (41) is provided with a liquid inlet pipe (45) and a liquid outlet pipe (46) which are in communication with the cooling channel (43). In step S2, cooling liquids of different temperatures are introduced into the liquid inlet pipe (45) of each condensing unit (41), so that the condensing temperatures of the multiple condensing units (41) decrease step by step from bottom to top.

13. A method for efficiently preparing fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the vertical condensation module (4) further comprises a collecting device, the collecting device comprising a plurality of liquid collecting trays (7) for collecting liquid fatty acids, each liquid collecting tray (7) being installed below a corresponding condensation unit (4); each liquid collecting tray (7) being connected to an external collector (78a); a plurality of through holes (71) extending vertically are provided at intervals on the liquid collecting tray (7); a hollow tube (73) corresponding to the position of the through hole (71) is installed at the upper end of the liquid collecting tray (7); the hollow tube (73) allows high-temperature mixed vapor to pass upward; a liquid collecting area (72) is formed between the plurality of hollow tubes (73); in step S3, the liquid fatty acids in each condensation unit (41) flow downwardly out of the corresponding condensation pipe (42) under the action of gravity, and then flow into the corresponding liquid collecting area (72), and then enter the corresponding collector (78a).

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