Method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which comprises the following steps: mixed powder is added on an aluminum bar, and the mixed powder comprises reinforced phase powder and titanium elementary substance; and the aluminum bar containing the mixed powder is subjected to stirring friction additive manufacturing technology treatment, a replacement reaction is carried out, and the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is formed. The titanium elementary substance is added into the reinforced phase powder, the titanium elementary substance and a harmful phase substance Al4C3 generated in the manufacturing process are subjected to a replacement reaction, the Al element of the harmful phase is replaced out, the content of Al4C3 is reduced, reinforced phases such as TiC are generated at the same time, and therefore the strength and other properties of the material are effectively enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metal matrix composite material manufacturing, and specifically relates to a method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by using a stir friction additive technology. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of marine engineering, transportation, aerospace and other fields, higher requirements are placed on the comprehensive performance of materials. However, the performance of high-performance alloy materials under the guidance of classical metallurgical theory is approaching its theoretical limit. Composite materials provide a combination of excellent properties that are difficult to achieve with traditional alloys, which can achieve mutual synergy among the components in the material, and even overcome the inherent deficiencies of its single component, achieving a breakthrough in the structural or functional properties of the material. Particle-reinforced aluminum-based composites have become one of the most commonly used and important materials in metal-based composites. The addition of reinforcement is mainly to make up for the deficiencies in certain aspects of the matrix material, such as improving stiffness, wear resistance, high temperature performance and thermal physical properties. Particle-reinforced aluminum-based composites are widely used in aerospace, automotive, chemical and transportation industries due to their superior specific strength, low thermal expansion coefficient and excellent wear resistance.

[0003] Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) technology is a new additive manufacturing technology based on the principle of friction stir welding. The friction heat generated by the stirring head and the plastic deformation work are used to fuse the additive material with the substrate, and the manufacturing of three-dimensional complex shape components is transformed into a simple two-dimensional plane shape layer by layer reciprocating stacking, ultimately achieving additive manufacturing. Since the friction stir additive process does not involve the melting and solidification of the material, the additive parts have fewer internal defects, less stress, and better performance. Therefore, the use of friction stir additive manufacturing technology to prepare particle reinforced composites has unique advantages. However, during the preparation process, carbides (SiC, B 4 C, etc.) reinforcement phases easily react strongly with aluminum-based composite materials to produce more harmful phase reaction products, such as Al 4 C 3 The results are uneven particle distribution, low interface strength, and decreased composite material performance. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the large amount of Al generated in the preparation of particle reinforced composites by stir friction additive manufacturing technology. 4 C 3 Intermetallic harmful phase compounds further improve the quality of composite materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art to a certain extent. To this end, the present invention provides a method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which is processed by using a stir friction additive technology, by adding a single titanium substance to the reinforcing phase powder, and the single titanium substance undergoes a substitution reaction with the harmful phase material generated during the manufacturing process, replacing the metal elements of the harmful phase, reducing the content of the harmful phase, thereby enhancing the performance and quality of the composite material.

[0005] Therefore, in a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Adding mixed powder to the aluminum rod, the mixed powder comprising reinforcing phase powder and titanium element;

[0007] The aluminum rod containing the mixed powder is processed by stir friction additive manufacturing technology, and a replacement reaction occurs to form a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0008] The present invention uses the stir friction additive manufacturing technology to prepare the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material. In order to avoid the generation of harmful phases inside the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, titanium is added to the reinforcing phase powder to make it react with the Al generated in the manufacturing process. 4 C 3 The harmful phase compound between metals undergoes a replacement reaction, converting Al 4 C 3 The Al in the composite material is replaced to reduce the content of harmful phase. Therefore, the preparation method of the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention can effectively remove harmful phase substances and enhance the strength and other properties of the material.

[0009] In some embodiments, the titanium element includes titanium powder.

[0010] In some embodiments, the method of adding the mixed powder to the aluminum rod includes: machining a groove inside the aluminum rod and adding the mixed powder into the groove; and / or forming a coating on the outer surface of the aluminum rod with the mixed powder.

[0011] In some embodiments, in the step of forming a coating on the outer surface of the aluminum rod with the mixed powder, the coating thickness is 0.1 μm to 2 mm, and the coating area is 1 to 100% of the outer surface area of ​​the aluminum rod.

[0012] In some embodiments, the mixed powder satisfies at least one of the following:

[0013] (1) The reinforcing phase powder includes B 4 At least one of C powder and SiC powder;

[0014] (2) The particle size of the mixed powder particles includes nanometer or micrometer scale;

[0015] (3) The amount of mixed powder added is 100% of the volume of the groove;

[0016] (4) The mass of the titanium element is 0 to 15% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0017] In some embodiments, the volume of the groove is 0-50% of the volume of the alloy rod.

[0018] In some embodiments, the aluminum rod has a non-cylindrical shape.

[0019] In some embodiments, the step of adding the mixed powder into the groove includes: pressing the mixed powder into a block or a solid shape and embedding it into the aluminum rod.

[0020] In some embodiments, the friction stir additive manufacturing process includes a friction stir additive device. In a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, including the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the method of the first aspect.

[0021] Therefore, the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention has excellent properties.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] The present invention utilizes the stir friction additive manufacturing technology to prepare a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material. In order to avoid the generation of harmful phases inside the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, titanium is added to the reinforcing phase powder so that it undergoes a substitution reaction with the metal elements of the harmful phases generated during the manufacturing process, thereby replacing the harmful phases and reducing the content of the harmful phases, thereby enhancing the strength, hardness, stability and other properties of the composite material.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the aluminum rod and the mixed powder of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a Gibbs free energy diagram of the displacement reaction of the present invention as a function of temperature;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of preparing particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials using the friction stir additive technology of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A flow chart of preparing composite materials by the friction stir additive manufacturing technology of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 B of Example 1 of the present invention 4 C. Cross-section of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to Example 2 of the present invention;

[0032] In the figure, 1-mixed powder; 2-aluminum rod; 3-welding tool; 4-additive layer; 5-substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Further, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0035] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this article are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0036] In this document, the terms “include” or “comprising” are open expressions, that is, including the contents specified in the present invention but not excluding other contents.

[0037] In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Adding mixed powder onto the aluminum rod, wherein the mixed powder includes a reinforcing phase powder and a titanium element;

[0039] The aluminum rod containing the mixed powder is processed by stir friction additive manufacturing technology, and a replacement reaction occurs to form a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0040] The present invention uses stir friction additive manufacturing technology to prepare particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials, and adds a mixed powder of reinforcing phase powder and titanium element to an aluminum rod, including adding it to the outside and / or inside of the aluminum rod. During the preparation process, the aluminum rod undergoes friction heat generation and softens. While the softened aluminum rod combines with the matrix, the reinforcing phase powder is uniformly embedded in the aluminum rod to form a particle-reinforced composite material. In order to avoid the harmful phase Al produced by the reaction of the reinforcing phase and the aluminum rod, 4 C 3 Doped in the composite material, so titanium is added to the reinforcing phase powder, titanium and Al 4 C 3 The Al element in the solution undergoes a substitution reaction to replace the harmful phase and reduce the Al 4 C 3 Content of intermetallic compounds. Harmful phase Al 4 C 3 Generally, it is highly brittle and has poor heat resistance. When it is doped in a composite material, the toughness of the material decreases, it is easy to break, and the overall strength and ductility of the composite material are reduced. Therefore, the harmful phase needs to be removed from the particle-reinforced composite material. Therefore, the preparation method of the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention can effectively reduce the harmful phase substance Al by adding titanium element to the reinforcing phase. 4 C 3 , thereby enhancing the strength of aluminum-based composite materials and improving their ductility and other properties.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the titanium element includes titanium powder.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method of adding mixed powder to the aluminum rod includes: machining a groove inside the aluminum rod and adding the mixed powder into the groove; and / or forming a coating on the outer surface of the aluminum rod with the mixed powder.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a groove is machined inside the aluminum rod, and then the mixed powder is filled into the groove. Figure 1 As shown, a rectangular aluminum rod 2 is provided, a groove is coaxially provided at one axial end of the aluminum rod 2, the groove is square in the radial interface direction of the aluminum rod 2, and a mixed powder is filled in the groove as a reinforcement phase (the preparation process is as shown in Figure 4 and / or, the mixed powder is coated on the outer surface of the aluminum rod by smearing or the like, and the content of the reinforcing phase is controlled by adjusting the coating thickness and / or area. Both methods can form a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material with excellent performance.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step of forming a coating on the outer surface of the aluminum rod with the mixed powder, the coating thickness is 0.1 μm to 2 mm, and the coating area is 1 to 100% of the outer surface area of ​​the aluminum rod.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mixed powder satisfies at least one of the following:

[0046] (1) The reinforcing phase powder includes B 4 At least one of C powder and SiC powder;

[0047] (2) The particle size of the mixed powder particles includes nanometer or micrometer scale;

[0048] (3) The amount of mixed powder added is 100% of the volume of the groove;

[0049] (4) The mass of the titanium element is 0 to 15% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0050] During the friction stir additive manufacturing process, the aluminum rod will 4 C and other strengthening phases react to produce Al 4 C 3 The harmful phase, Al 4 C 3 Further substitution reaction occurs with titanium to reduce or remove harmful phases. This can improve the strength and other properties of the composite material. 4 The chemical reaction that occurs when C contacts is as follows:

[0051] 10Al+3B 4 C=6AlB 2 +Al 4 C 3

[0052] The Al generated by this reaction 4 C 3 The hydrolysis of brittle intermetallic compounds can easily cause fatal damage to the toughness and corrosion resistance of composite materials. In order to avoid the reaction between the carbon element in the reinforcing phase of the composite material and the aluminum matrix to produce harmful phases, the Al 4 C 3 The Al element in the phase is replaced to form a TiC reinforcement phase, reducing the Al 4 C 3 phase. At the same time, the Ti element can also convert the by-product AlB 2 The Al in the solution is replaced, and the chemical reaction is as follows:

[0053] Al 4 C 3 +3Ti=3TiC+4Al

[0054] AB 2 +Ti=TiB 2 +Al

[0055] The Gibbs free energy of the three reactions as a function of temperature is as follows Figure 2As shown, the Gibbs free energy of the substitution reaction between Ti and Al is lower than that of the formation of Al 4 C 3 The Gibbs free energy of the phase, in which Ti converts Al 4 C 3 The Gibbs free energy of the Al phase is the lowest. Therefore, in the process of stir friction additive manufacturing, by adding an appropriate amount of Ti element, the harmful Al 4 C 3 Intermetallic compounds are replaced by favorable TiC and TiB 2 Enhanced phase.

[0056] Therefore, by adding titanium to produce a substitution reaction, the strength, hardness, stability and other properties of the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material can be effectively improved.

[0057] As an example, the mass of the titanium element is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, etc. of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, the volume of the groove is 0-50% of the volume of the alloy rod.

[0059] As an example, the volume of the groove is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, etc., of the volume of the alloy rod.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the aluminum rod has a non-cylindrical shape.

[0061] When the shape of the metal rod is non-cylindrical, it is beneficial for the friction stir additive device to fix and drive the metal rod to prevent it from slipping off the welding tool.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of adding the mixed powder into the groove includes: pressing the mixed powder into a block or a solid shape and embedding the mixed powder into the aluminum rod.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, aluminum powder may be added to the mixed powder to improve formability.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, a friction stir additive manufacturing process includes a friction stir additive manufacturing device.

[0065] The friction stir material adding device and the principle of preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to the present invention are shown in Figure 3 As an example, Figure 3As shown, firstly, an aluminum rod 2 filled with mixed powder 1 is placed in a stir friction additive manufacturing device welding tool 3. During the stir friction additive manufacturing process, the welding tool rotates while driving the aluminum rod to rotate and move, so that friction generates heat to soften the alloy. While the softened alloy is combined with the matrix 5, the reinforcing phase powder is evenly embedded in the alloy, and at the same time, the titanium element and the harmful phase generated undergo a substitution reaction. While the matrix and the welding tool are relatively translated, the aluminum rod is fed downward under the action of axial pressure, and the material is stacked and connected layer by layer to form an additive layer 4 under a high temperature, high pressure and high rheology state. Therefore, the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention has excellent performance.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, the rotation speed of the welding tool of the friction stir additive device is 10 to 10000 rpm / min, and the travel speed is 10 to 5000 mm / min.

[0067] As an example, the rotation speed is 10 rpm, 100 rpm, 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 5000 rpm, 10000 rpm, etc.

[0068] As an example, the travel speed is 10 mm / min, 50 mm / min, 100 mm / min, 150 mm / min, 200 mm / min, 500 mm / min, 1000 mm / min, 3000 mm / min, 5000 mm / min, etc.

[0069] In a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, including the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method of the first aspect. Therefore, the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention has excellent properties such as strength, hardness, stability, and ductility.

[0070] The scheme of the present invention will be explained below in conjunction with the embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer and are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] (1) A square groove with a volume of 12.5% ​​is machined in the center of the aluminum rod.

[0073] (2) B with a particle diameter of 10 μm was pressed into powder 4C powder and titanium powder are pressed into the square groove of the aluminum rod, and the mass of titanium powder is 15% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0074] (3) The aluminum rod filled with powder is loaded into the welding tool of the stir friction additive device. The welding tool rotates at a speed of 1400 rpm and travels at a speed of 80 mm / min. The stir friction additive technology is used to stir the rod and the internal powder to obtain a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, such as Figure 5 As shown, the red arrows in the figure indicate the enhanced particles.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] (1) A square groove with a volume of 12.5% ​​is machined in the center of the aluminum rod.

[0077] (2) SiC powder and titanium powder with a particle diameter of 10 μm were pressed into the square groove of the aluminum rod by powder pressing, and the mass of the titanium powder was 5% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0078] (3) The aluminum rod filled with powder is loaded into the welding tool of the stir friction additive device. The welding tool rotates at a speed of 1400 rpm and travels at a speed of 90 mm / min. The stir friction additive technology is used to stir the rod and the internal powder to obtain a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, such as Figure 6 As shown, the red arrows in the figure indicate the enhanced particles.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] (1) A square groove with a volume of 20% is machined in the center of the aluminum rod.

[0081] (2) B with a particle diameter of 500 nm was pressed into powder 4 C powder and titanium powder are pressed into the square groove of the aluminum rod, and the mass of titanium powder is 10% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0082] (3) The aluminum rod filled with powder is loaded into the welding tool of the friction stir additive device, and the welding tool rotates at a speed of 1400 rpm and travels at a speed of 90 mm / min. The friction stir additive technology is used to stir and form the rod and the internal powder to obtain a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] (1) A square groove with a volume of 40% is machined in the center of the aluminum rod.

[0085] (2) B with a particle diameter of 10 μm was pressed into powder 4 C powder and titanium powder are pressed into the square groove of the aluminum rod, and the mass of titanium powder is 10% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0086] (3) The aluminum rod filled with powder inside is loaded into the welding tool of the stir friction additive device, and the welding tool rotates at a speed of 2000 rpm and travels at a speed of 120 mm / min. The stir friction additive technology is used to stir and form the rod and the internal powder to obtain a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] (1) A square groove with a volume of 15% is machined in the center of the aluminum rod.

[0089] (2) SiC powder and titanium powder with a particle diameter of 300 nm were pressed into the square groove of the aluminum rod by powder pressing, and the mass of the titanium powder was 10% of the mass of the mixed powder.

[0090] (3) The aluminum rod filled with powder inside is loaded into the welding tool of the stir friction additive device, and the welding tool rotates at a speed of 1300 rpm and travels at a speed of 60 mm / min. The stir friction additive technology is used to stir and form the rod and the internal powder to obtain a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0091] Example 6

[0092] (1) Apply B with a particle diameter of 300 nm on the outer surface of the aluminum rod. 4 The coating thickness is 20 μm and the coating area is 100% of the outer surface area of ​​the aluminum rod.

[0093] (2) The coated aluminum rod is loaded into the welding tool of the friction stir additive device, and the welding tool rotates at a speed of 1300 rpm and travels at a speed of 60 mm / min. The friction stir additive technology is used to stir the rod and the internal powder to obtain a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0094] Comparative Example 1

[0095] (1) A square groove with a volume of 12.5% ​​is machined in the center of the aluminum rod.

[0096] (2) B with a particle diameter of 10 μm was pressed into powder 4 C powder is pressed into the square groove of the aluminum rod.

[0097] (3) The aluminum rod filled with powder inside is loaded into the welding tool of the stir friction additive device, and the welding tool rotates at a speed of 1400 rpm and travels at a speed of 80 mm / min. The stir friction additive technology is used to stir and form the rod and the internal powder to obtain a particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0098] Performance Testing

[0099] The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to test the Al content of the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials in the embodiment and the comparative example.4 C 3 and TiC content; the tensile strength test was carried out using a tensile strength testing machine, and the interface tensile strength was calculated.

[0100] Test Results

[0101] The performance test results of the above embodiments are shown in Table 1.

[0102] Table 1 Performance test results of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials in the embodiment

[0103] Serial number <![CDATA[Al 4 C 3 Content (wt%)]]> TiC content (wt%) Tensile strength(MPa) Example 1 0.16 4.72 254 Example 2 0.19 3.86 233 Example 3 0.12 5.11 245 Example 4 0.21 3.42 268 Example 5 0.10 5.31 247 Example 6 0.12 3.78 223 Comparative Example 1 2.63 0 185

[0104] As shown in Table 1, titanium powder is added to the reinforcing phase of the embodiment, while titanium powder is not added to the comparative example. Therefore, the harmful phase Al 4 C 3 The content is significantly lower than that of the comparative example, and TiC is generated as a reinforcing phase, so the material strength and hardness are improved. Therefore, the tensile strength of the embodiment is higher than that of the comparative example. This shows that in the process of preparing particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials using stir friction additive manufacturing technology, adding titanium to the aluminum-based rod can effectively replace harmful phase substances and reduce Al 4 C 3 content, improving material strength and other properties.

[0105] In the embodiment of the present invention, during the process of preparing the composite material by friction stir additive, a TiC reinforcement phase is generated by a substitution reaction, that is, the strength, hardness and other properties of the prepared composite material can be further enhanced by the in-situ reaction method.

[0106] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0107] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Adding mixed powder onto the aluminum rod, wherein the mixed powder includes a reinforcing phase powder and a titanium element; The aluminum rod containing the mixed powder is processed by the stir friction additive manufacturing technology to cause a replacement reaction to form a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The titanium element includes titanium powder.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method of adding the mixed powder to the aluminum rod includes: machining a groove inside the aluminum rod and adding the mixed powder into the groove; and / or forming a coating on the outer surface of the aluminum rod with the mixed powder.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that In the step of forming a coating on the outer surface of the aluminum rod with the mixed powder, the coating thickness is 0.1 μm to 2 mm, and the coating area is 1 to 100% of the outer surface area of ​​the aluminum rod.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mixed powder satisfies at least one of the following: (1) The reinforcing phase powder includes at least one of B4C powder and SiC powder; (2) The particle size of the mixed powder particles is nanometer or micrometer; (3) The amount of the mixed powder added is 100% of the volume of the groove; (4) The mass of the titanium element is 0 to 15% of the mass of the mixed powder.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The volume of the groove is 0 to 50% of the volume of the aluminum rod.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The aluminum rod has a non-cylindrical shape.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of adding the mixed powder into the groove includes: pressing the mixed powder into a block or a solid shape and embedding the mixed powder into the aluminum rod.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction stir additive manufacturing technology process includes a friction stir additive device.

10. A particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: A particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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