Composite energy collecting fabric and collecting system for efficiently coupling heat energy and mechanical energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite energy collecting fabric and system capable of efficiently coupling heat energy and mechanical energy, the composite energy collecting fabric capable of efficiently coupling heat energy and mechanical energy comprises a plurality of supporting bodies and a plurality of intermediates, the supporting bodies are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal staggered mode, and each intermediate comprises at least two woven flexible fiber carriers; the plurality of intermediates and the support body are interwoven to form the energy collection fabric; p-type material units and N-type material units are alternately arranged on each flexible fiber carrier, so that the energy collection fabric can synchronously collect composite energy of heat energy and mechanical energy under the condition that deformation occurs along with temperature difference. By means of the design, coupling of the thermoelectric effect and the friction volt effect is achieved, and improvement of the energy conversion efficiency is promoted through interaction and synergistic interaction. Efficient collection of various energy forms can be achieved, meanwhile, the structure is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy collection and conversion, and in particular to a composite energy collection fabric and collection system that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy. Background Art

[0002] As a rich energy reserve, the human body contains a large amount of thermal energy and mechanical energy. However, most existing technologies focus on the conversion of a single form of energy. Even when multiple energy forms are involved, thermal energy and mechanical energy are usually simply superimposed, lacking an effective synergistic mechanism. Because of this, these methods often lead to low energy conversion efficiency and limited energy density. In order to break through this bottleneck, it is urgent to explore the synergistic conversion mechanism of thermal energy and mechanical energy in the same system to achieve more efficient energy conversion and significantly improve the energy density and overall efficiency of the system.

[0003] In addition, due to the essential differences in the collection mechanisms of thermal energy and mechanical energy, they have their own characteristics in performance, and the energy conversion process is affected by different physical factors. This difference means that in the same energy collection system, the interaction between thermal energy and mechanical energy may cause a certain degree of interference. At the same time, the differences in material types and structural characteristics further increase the challenges faced in the design and implementation of energy collection systems. These challenges are particularly prominent in human wearable application scenarios.

[0004] Although existing composite energy harvesting technologies can achieve simultaneous collection of thermoelectric and mechanical energy by stacking different fiber and fabric structures, this method is usually more complicated and costly, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of wearable devices for simplicity and flexibility. In addition, existing composite fiber and fabric structures often involve multiple layers of materials and complex manufacturing processes, which increases the volume and weight of the product and reduces its comfort and practicality.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve the synergistic effect of thermal energy and mechanical energy in the same system, improve energy collection efficiency, simplify the structure and reduce manufacturing costs, has become the main challenge facing current technology. In this context, research and development that can efficiently collect multiple energy forms while meeting the needs of wearable devices for simplicity, flexibility and comfort has become a key direction that needs to be broken through. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present application discloses a composite energy collection fabric and energy collection system that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy, which can achieve synergistic enhancement of thermal energy and mechanical energy in the same system to achieve efficient collection of multiple energy forms, while simplifying the structure and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy, comprising a plurality of supports and a plurality of intermediates, wherein the supports are arranged in a staggered manner in a horizontal and vertical direction, the intermediates comprise at least two woven flexible fiber carriers, and the plurality of intermediates are interwoven with the supports to form the energy collection fabric;

[0009] P-type material units and N-type material units are alternately arranged on each of the flexible fiber carriers, so that the energy collection fabric can achieve coupling of thermoelectric effect and frictional voltaic effect when deformation occurs and there is a temperature difference.

[0010] The above-mentioned composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy includes multiple supports and multiple intermediates. The supports are arranged in a staggered manner horizontally and vertically, and are used as a basic frame to provide sufficient support force and structural stability for the energy collection fabric, so as to enhance the mechanical properties of the energy collection fabric structure. The intermediate includes at least two woven flexible fiber carriers, and each flexible fiber carrier is alternately provided with P-type material units and N-type material units. For example, the P-type material units and the N-type material units can be alternately coated on each flexible fiber carrier, or the P-type material units and the N-type material units can be alternately distributed inside and on the surface of each flexible fiber carrier. The weaving of multiple flexible fiber carriers is conducive to better contact between the P-type material units and the N-type material units. Multiple intermediates are interwoven with the supports to form an energy collection fabric. Since the intermediates are deformable, they can be interwoven with the supports according to the required structure. Preferably, the intermediates are interwoven in the thickness direction perpendicular to the support frame. The composite energy collection fabric of the present application that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy can simultaneously collect the composite energy of thermal energy and mechanical energy under the condition of deformation and temperature difference. This design realizes the coupling of thermoelectric effect and friction voltaic effect, and promotes the improvement of energy conversion efficiency through mutual synergy.

[0011] Specifically, the working principle of the composite energy collection fabric for efficient coupling of thermal energy and mechanical energy of the present application is: relying on the P-type material unit and the N-type material unit on the flexible fiber carrier, when there is a temperature difference between the different surfaces of the energy collection fabric, the diffusion of carriers generates an electromotive force, and the thermoelectric effect can be achieved. In this process, the temperature difference drives the carriers (including holes and electrons) to migrate directionally from the hot end to the cold end. When the energy collection fabric is subjected to stretching, compression or other forms of mechanical force, a friction volt effect can be generated. When the energy collection fabric is subjected to temperature difference and mechanical force at the same time, the carriers (mainly holes) in the P-type material unit with a positive Seebeck coefficient and the carriers (mainly electrons) in the N-type material unit with a negative Seebeck coefficient will move from the hotter heat source (temperature T+ΔT) to the colder cold source (temperature T) under the drive of the temperature difference, realizing the thermoelectric effect; at the same time, under the action of mechanical force, the electrons of the P-type material unit (with a higher work function) are transferred to the N-type material unit (with a lower work function) through the contact interface between the P-type material unit and the N-type material unit, realizing the friction voltaic effect. In this case, thanks to the drive of the thermoelectric effect, the electrons migrated by mechanical action will continue to move toward the cold source. The above-mentioned composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy can simultaneously collect the composite energy of thermal energy and mechanical energy under the condition of deformation and temperature difference. This design realizes the coupling of thermoelectric effect and friction voltaic effect, and promotes the improvement of energy conversion efficiency through mutual synergy.

[0012] Therefore, the composite energy collection fabric of the present application that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy realizes energy collection under various loading modes, and under the simultaneous action of temperature difference and mechanical force, the mechanical force can promote the migration of carriers, thereby enhancing the thermoelectric effect, significantly improving the transmission efficiency of carriers, and optimizing the energy conversion process. In other words, the present application effectively improves the overall energy conversion efficiency through the synergistic mechanism of thermal energy and mechanical energy.

[0013] In some embodiments, the weaving method of the intermediate body includes at least two flexible fiber carriers crossing each other to form a mesh structure.

[0014] In some embodiments, the weaving method of the intermediate body includes at least two flexible fiber carriers being intertwined with each other to form a spiral structure.

[0015] In some embodiments, the material of the flexible fiber carrier includes one of cellulose fiber, protein fiber, synthetic polymer fiber, modified fiber and aerogel fiber.

[0016] In some embodiments, the material of the P-type material unit includes one of a P-type organic material, a P-type inorganic material and a P-type composite material; the material of the N-type material unit includes one of an N-type organic material, an N-type inorganic material and an N-type composite material.

[0017] In some embodiments, the P-type material unit and the N-type material unit are disposed in a manner comprising one of dipping, spraying, vapor deposition, wet spinning, coating, screen printing, and inkjet printing.

[0018] In some embodiments, the P-type material unit and the N-type material unit are arranged on the flexible fiber carrier with the same length, which is 6 mm-80 mm.

[0019] In some embodiments, on the flexible fiber carrier, the P-type material unit and the N-type material unit are in direct contact; alternatively, the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy also includes a conductive carrier, and the P-type material unit and the N-type material unit are in indirect contact through the conductive carrier.

[0020] In some embodiments, the interweaving manner of the plurality of intermediate bodies and the support body comprises one or more of three-dimensional knitting, three-dimensional weaving, and three-dimensional braiding.

[0021] In some embodiments, the connection mode of the plurality of intermediates in the support body includes one or more of series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection.

[0022] In some embodiments, the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy has a thickness of 6 mm to 80 mm.

[0023] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy perpendicular to its thickness direction is greater than or equal to 9 cm 2 .

[0024] The present application also provides a composite energy collection system for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy, comprising a heat source, a cold source, a driving member, and the energy collection fabric as described in the first aspect;

[0025] The heat source and the cold source are respectively arranged on different surfaces of the energy collecting fabric to provide a temperature difference for the energy collecting fabric, and the driving member is used to drive the energy collecting fabric to cause it to deform. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite energy harvesting fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2A schematic diagram of the structure of an intermediate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another intermediate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of another composite energy harvesting fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a structure of an intermediate connection method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the energy band structure of a P-type material unit and an N-type material unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 A performance comparison diagram of a composite energy harvesting fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy under various excitations provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of energy collection of a composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite energy harvesting system for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy under temperature difference excitation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite energy harvesting system for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy under mechanical loading excitation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite energy harvesting system for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy provided in an embodiment of the present application under temperature difference excitation and mechanical loading excitation;

[0037] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of carrier movement in a composite energy collection system for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Icons: 1. Support body; 2. Intermediate body; 3. Flexible fiber carrier; 4. P-type material unit; 5. N-type material unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. Among them, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in the text is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist, for example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0040] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as suggesting or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0041] First, as Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy, comprising a plurality of support bodies 1 and a plurality of intermediate bodies 2, wherein the support bodies 1 are arranged in a staggered manner horizontally and vertically, and the intermediate bodies 2 include at least two woven flexible fiber carriers 3, and the plurality of intermediate bodies are interwoven with the support bodies 1 to form an energy collection fabric;

[0042] P-type material units 4 and N-type material units 5 are alternately arranged on each flexible fiber carrier 3, so that the energy collection fabric can achieve the coupling of thermoelectric effect and friction voltaic effect when deformation occurs and there is a temperature difference.

[0043] The composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy comprises a plurality of support bodies 1 and a plurality of intermediate bodies 2. The support bodies 1 are arranged in a staggered manner horizontally and vertically, and are used as a basic frame to provide sufficient support force and structural stability for the energy collection fabric, so as to enhance the mechanical properties of the energy collection fabric structure. Figure 2As shown, the intermediate body 2 includes at least two woven flexible fiber carriers 3, and each flexible fiber carrier 3 is alternately provided with a P-type material unit 4 and an N-type material unit 5. For example, the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 can be alternately coated on each flexible fiber carrier 3, or the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 can be alternately distributed inside and on the surface of each flexible fiber carrier 3. The weaving of multiple flexible fiber carriers 3 is conducive to better contact between the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5. Multiple intermediate bodies 2 are interwoven with the support body 1 to form an energy collection fabric. Since the intermediate body 2 is deformable, it can be interwoven with the support body 1 according to the required structure. Preferably, the intermediate body 2 is interwoven in the thickness direction perpendicular to the frame of the support body 1. The composite energy collection fabric of the highly efficient coupling of thermal energy and mechanical energy in the embodiment of the present application can simultaneously collect the composite energy of thermal energy and mechanical energy under the condition that deformation occurs and is accompanied by a temperature difference. This design realizes the coupling of the thermoelectric effect and the friction voltaic effect, and promotes the improvement of energy conversion efficiency through mutual synergy.

[0044] Specifically, the working principle of the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy in the embodiment of the present application is: relying on the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 on the flexible fiber carrier 3, when there is a temperature difference between different surfaces of the energy collection fabric, the diffusion of carriers generates an electromotive force, and the thermoelectric effect can be achieved. In this process, the temperature difference drives the carriers (including holes and electrons) to migrate directionally from the hot end to the cold end. When the energy collection fabric is subjected to tension, compression or other forms of mechanical force, a friction volt effect can be generated. When the energy collection fabric is subjected to temperature difference and mechanical force at the same time, the carriers (mainly holes) in the P-type material unit 4 with a positive Seebeck coefficient and the carriers (mainly electrons) in the N-type material unit 5 with a negative Seebeck coefficient will move from the hotter heat source (temperature T+ΔT) to the colder cold source (temperature T) under the drive of the temperature difference, realizing the thermoelectric effect; at the same time, under the action of mechanical force, the electrons of the P-type material unit 4 (with a higher work function) are transferred to the N-type material unit 5 (with a lower work function) through the contact interface between the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5, realizing the friction voltaic effect. In this case, thanks to the drive of the thermoelectric effect, the electrons migrated by mechanical action will continue to move toward the cold source. The above-mentioned composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy can simultaneously collect the composite energy of thermal energy and mechanical energy under the condition of deformation and temperature difference. This design realizes the coupling of the thermoelectric effect and the friction voltaic effect, and promotes the improvement of energy conversion efficiency through mutual synergy.

[0045] Therefore, the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy in the embodiment of the present application realizes energy collection under various loading modes, and under the simultaneous action of temperature difference and mechanical force, the mechanical force can promote the migration of carriers, thereby enhancing the thermoelectric effect, significantly improving the transmission efficiency of carriers, and optimizing the energy conversion process. In other words, the present application effectively improves the overall energy conversion efficiency through the synergistic mechanism of thermal energy and mechanical energy.

[0046] In some embodiments, the weaving method of the intermediate body 2 includes at least two flexible fiber carriers 3 crossing each other to form a mesh structure.

[0047] One possible way to achieve this is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the intermediate body 2 includes two flexible fiber carriers 3, and the two flexible fiber carriers 3 cross each other to form a mesh structure. Among them, the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 in one flexible fiber carrier 3 are in contact with the N-type material unit 5 and the P-type material unit 4 in another flexible fiber carrier 3, forming an effective interface contact, which is conducive to the directional migration of carriers at the interface. Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of intermediates 2 are interwoven with the support body 1 in a thickness direction perpendicular to the frame of the support body 1, and finally form a composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy. When there is a temperature difference between the two surfaces perpendicular to the thickness direction of the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy, and is subjected to tension, compression or other mechanical loading forces at the same time, a synergistic mechanism as described above will occur. That is, the mechanical action promotes the migration of carriers in the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5, thereby further enhancing the thermoelectric effect caused by the temperature difference, achieving the coupling of the thermoelectric effect and the friction voltaic effect, and then achieving efficient collection of multiple energy forms. In addition, the three-dimensional structure design of the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy in the embodiment of the present application is simple, which is conducive to achieving lightweight structure, improving manufacturing efficiency, and has a low manufacturing cost, which is conducive to simplifying the manufacturing and maintenance process of the energy collection fabric. It should be noted that the order of the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 in a flexible fiber carrier 3 is not limited.

[0048] In some embodiments, the weaving method of the intermediate body 2 includes at least two flexible fiber carriers being intertwined with each other to form a spiral structure.

[0049] One possible way to achieve this is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the intermediate body 2 includes two flexible fiber carriers 3, which are intertwined to form a tightly contacted spiral structure. The spiral structure is conducive to increasing the contact area between the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5, which can increase the migration amount of electrons in the friction voltaic effect and further enhance the energy conversion efficiency. Figure 2 and Figure 3Different weaving methods can effectively adjust the contact characteristics between the flexible fiber carriers 3, which is beneficial to improving the energy conversion efficiency. Figure 4 As shown, the intermediate bodies 2 of multiple spiral structures are interwoven with the support body 1 in the thickness direction perpendicular to the frame of the support body 1, and finally form a composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy. The composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy of the embodiment of the present application realizes an integrated working mode of thermoelectric and electromechanical composite energy collection. In the presence of a heat source, a cold source, and a mechanical load, the energy collection fabric can realize the coupling of the thermoelectric effect and the frictional voltaic effect, and maximize the energy output through the synergistic effect of the interaction between the two, thereby greatly improving the energy collection efficiency. Through this composite mechanism, the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy of the embodiment of the present application can achieve higher energy conversion efficiency under a variety of environmental conditions.

[0050] The composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy in the embodiment of the present application is composed of an intermediate body 2 and a support body 1. Through the sophisticated weaving and structural design of the flexible fiber carriers 3, it not only optimizes the interaction between the flexible fiber carriers 3, but also enhances the performance of the energy composite fiber in practical applications, especially in the field of energy conversion and storage, and has important application potential.

[0051] It should be noted that the intermediate 2 can also be woven in other ways, the number of flexible fiber carriers 3 of the intermediate 2 can also be 3, 4, 5, etc., and the interweaving method of the intermediate 2 and the support 1 can also be other forms, which are not specifically limited.

[0052] In some embodiments, the material of the flexible fiber carrier 3 includes one of cellulose fiber, protein fiber, synthetic polymer fiber, modified fiber and aerogel fiber.

[0053] Specifically, the main component of cellulose fiber is cellulose, such as cotton, flax, jute, etc. The main component of protein fiber is protein, such as wool, silk, etc. Synthetic polymer fiber is made of synthetic polymer compounds, such as polyester, nylon, polyurethane, polyimide, etc. The materials of modified fibers include conductive polymers, such as polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole, etc.; also include two-dimensional materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), tin selenide (SnSe), bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene, etc.; also include nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes CNT, metal nanoparticles, etc. The method of making aerogel fiber is: by adding silane coupling agent to P-type material and N-type material, aerogel fiber is obtained by freeze drying. The above silane coupling agent includes methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), 3-epoxypropyltriethoxysilane (EPX), 3-fluoropropyltriethoxysilane (FPS), etc. The flexible fiber carrier 3 of the embodiment of the present application adopts carbon nanotubes CNT.

[0054] In some embodiments, the material of the P-type material unit 4 includes but is not limited to one of a P-type organic material, a P-type inorganic material and a P-type composite material; the material of the N-type material unit 5 includes but is not limited to one of an N-type organic material, an N-type inorganic material and an N-type composite material.

[0055] Specifically, the P-type organic material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT / PSS), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / p-toluene sulfonate (PEDOT / Tos). The P-type inorganic material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of copper oxide, bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), antimony telluride (Sb2Te3), tin selenide (SnSe), cuprous iodide (CuI), and carbon nanotubes (CNT). The P-type composite material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / cuprous iodide (PEDOT / CuI), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / carbon nanotubes (PEDOT / CNT), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / bismuth telluride (PEDOT / Bi2Te3).

[0056] N-type organic materials include, but are not limited to, one or more of polythiophene, polybenzodifurandione (PBFDO), polyethylene nickel tetrathiol (Poly(Ni-ett)), and polyethylene imine (PEI). N-type inorganic materials include, but are not limited to, one or more of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), silver selenide (Ag2Se), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), silver telluride (Ag2Te), and carbon nanotubes (CNT). N-type composite materials include, but are not limited to, one or more of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / carbon nanotubes (PEDOT / CNT), carbon nanotubes / polyethylene imine (CNT / PEI), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polyethylene imine (PEDOT / PEI).

[0057] The material used in the P-type material unit 4 of the embodiment of the present application is PEDOT / PSS organic material, and the material used in the N-type material unit 5 is PEI organic material.

[0058] In some embodiments, the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 are arranged in a manner including but not limited to one of dipping, spraying, vapor deposition, wet spinning, coating, screen printing and inkjet printing. The P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 of the embodiment of the present application are arranged in a manner of dipping.

[0059] In some embodiments, the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 are set on the flexible fiber carrier 3 with the same length, and the length is set to 6mm-80mm. For example, the length is set to 6mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 26mm, 31mm, 38mm, 40mm, 46mm, 50mm, 51mm, 57mm, 60mm, 65mm, 71mm, 75mm, 80mm, etc., and is not specifically limited. In the embodiment of the present application, the impregnation length of the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 on the flexible fiber carrier 3 is 8mm. Setting the impregnation length according to actual conditions is conducive to better realizing energy conversion.

[0060] In some embodiments, on the flexible fiber carrier 3, the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 are in direct contact; alternatively, the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy also includes a conductive carrier, and the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 are in indirect contact through the conductive carrier.

[0061] The conductive carrier includes but is not limited to one or more of silver paste, copper paste, carbon nanotube paste, graphene paste and conductive resin. The embodiment of the present application uses silver paste as the conductive carrier to achieve the connection between the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5.

[0062] In some embodiments, the interweaving manner of the plurality of intermediate bodies 2 and the support body 1 includes, but is not limited to, one or more of three-dimensional knitting, three-dimensional weaving, and three-dimensional braiding.

[0063] Specifically, three-dimensional knitting includes three-dimensional warp knitting, etc. Three-dimensional weaving includes but is not limited to one or more of orthogonal, angular interlocking and multi-layer binding. Three-dimensional weaving includes but is not limited to one or more of determinant three-dimensional weaving, rotary three-dimensional weaving and hexagonal three-dimensional weaving. The present application does not specifically limit the structure of the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy, and the fabric structure that can achieve the above functions is sufficient.

[0064] In some embodiments, the connection mode of the plurality of intermediates 2 in the support 1 includes, but is not limited to, one or more of series connection, parallel connection, and series-parallel connection.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown in (a) in FIG. 1 , all intermediates 2 are connected in series to increase the output voltage to meet high voltage requirements. Figure 5 As shown in (b), all the intermediates 2 are connected in parallel, the main purpose of which is to increase the output current to meet the high current demand. Figure 5 As shown in (c) and (d) in FIG. 1 , the intermediate 2 adopts a series-parallel hybrid connection mode. Through reasonable design, the intermediate 2 is connected in a combination of series and parallel, thereby realizing flexible regulation of the output voltage and current. This series-parallel hybrid connection mode can optimize the matching of voltage and current according to actual application requirements, provide more efficient and controllable power output, and significantly improve the adaptability and performance of the energy conversion system.

[0066] In some embodiments, the thickness of the composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy is 6 mm-80 mm. For example, the thickness is 6 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 26 mm, 31 mm, 38 mm, 40 mm, 46 mm, 50 mm, 51 mm, 57 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 71 mm, 75 mm, 80 mm, etc., without specific limitation. The thickness of the composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy in the embodiment of the present application is 8 mm.

[0067] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy perpendicular to its thickness direction is greater than or equal to 9 cm 2 For example, the area is 9cm 2 、10cm 2 、11cm 2 、12cm 2 、13cm 2 、14cm 2 、15cm 2 、16cm2 、17cm 2 、18cm 2 、19cm 2 , 20cm 2 、25cm 2 The area of ​​the composite energy collection fabric for efficient coupling of thermal energy and mechanical energy in the embodiment of the present application perpendicular to its thickness direction is 4×4=16 cm 2 .

[0068] Figure 6 The energy band structure diagram of the composite energy harvesting fabric with high efficiency coupling of thermal energy and mechanical energy under various excitations in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown in (a) in Figure 1, HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LOMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) represent the highest energy level filled by electrons in the material and the lowest unfilled energy level, respectively. In the absence of any excitation, for both P-type and N-type materials, HOMO corresponds to the highest energy level of electron distribution in the material, and LOMO is the unfilled energy level immediately above it. The Fermi level is usually located between HOMO and LOMO.

[0069] Under the action of mechanical and thermal excitation (thermal excitation here refers to the heat generated by mechanical friction) at the contact interface of the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5, the Fermi levels of the P-type material and the N-type material in the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 tend to approach each other, resulting in bending of the energy band and forming an energy barrier at the material interface. Figure 6 As shown in (b) and (c) in the figure, during this process, the carriers (mainly holes) in the P-type material migrate to the N-type material, while the carriers (mainly electrons) in the N-type material migrate to the P-type material. Figure 6 As shown in (b) in the figure, especially under mechanical excitation, a built-in electric field is formed at the interface, which promotes the directional migration of carriers and generates direct current. Figure 6 As shown in (d), the mixed excitation (mechanical and thermal excitation) carrier migration direction is consistent, which can improve the efficiency of carrier migration. Therefore, mechanical excitation not only improves the carrier migration rate, but also improves the energy conversion performance of P-type material unit 4 and N-type material unit 5 through the mixed excitation effect, indicating that mixed excitation plays an important role in optimizing energy conversion efficiency and material performance, and is conducive to optimizing material performance.

[0070] Figure 7 The performance comparison diagram of the composite energy harvesting fabric with high efficiency coupling of thermal energy and mechanical energy under various excitations is shown in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 7As shown in (a), (b) and (c), the voltage, current and power density of the composite energy harvesting fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy under the two loading modes are significantly higher than those of the single loading mode, and exceed the superposition value of the two, verifying that the synergistic effect of the thermoelectric effect and the friction voltaic effect significantly improves the energy conversion efficiency. Through comparative analysis, the optimized loading method achieves efficient coupling of voltage and current output, further improving the overall power density. This shows that under a variety of loading modes, the interaction and synergy of the thermoelectric effect and the friction voltaic effect can give full play to the energy conversion potential of the composite energy harvesting fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy, thereby effectively improving the performance of the energy harvesting fabric under different working conditions and ensuring higher energy collection and conversion efficiency.

[0071] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of energy collection of a composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy in an embodiment of the present application. The energy collection fabric is designed to fit the human skin. When there is a temperature difference between the human body temperature and the external environment and when the human body movement generates a mechanical load, the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy can effectively perform the energy collection function. Specifically, Figure 8 As shown in (a), the composite energy harvesting fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy only harvests mechanical energy through the frictional voltaic effect in the early stages of human motion; Figure 8 As shown in (b), when the human body stops moving and is in a static state, the released heat energy is captured by relying on the thermoelectric effect; Figure 8 As shown in (c), when the human body continues to move, it can not only collect the mechanical energy generated by human movement, but also capture the emitted thermal energy, that is, it can simultaneously collect the composite energy of thermal energy and mechanical energy, thereby optimizing the energy collection efficiency, and providing reliable power support for mobile phones and other devices. This design enables the composite energy harvesting fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy to flexibly collect energy under different physiological states, improving the adaptability and efficiency of energy utilization. This application does not limit the location of the test entity. In actual application, the test site can be selected according to actual needs, and can also be expanded to other fields that need to meet the test environment.

[0072] Second, as Figure 9-12 As shown, an embodiment of the present application also provides a composite energy collection system for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy, comprising a heat source, a cold source, a driving element (not shown in the figure) and a composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy as described in the first aspect; the heat source and the cold source are respectively arranged on different surfaces of the energy collection fabric to provide a temperature difference for the energy collection fabric, and the driving element is used to drive the energy collection fabric to cause it to deform.

[0073] like Fig. 9As shown in (a) and (b) in Figure 2, under the action of the heat source (T+ΔT) and the cold source (T), the intermediate body of the two weaving methods forms a temperature difference in the vertical direction, which can drive the migration of carriers and thus achieve the thermoelectric effect. Fig.10 As shown in (a) and (b) of the figure, the intermediates of the two weaving methods can effectively convert mechanical energy into electrical energy under the driving action of the driving element, such as stretching, compression or other mechanical loading methods, combined with the friction voltaic effect. Fig.11 As shown in (a) and (b), when the intermediates of the two weaving methods exist heat source, cold source and mechanical loading at the same time, the energy harvesting system can realize the coupling of thermoelectric effect and friction voltaic effect. The interaction and synergy between the two maximize the energy output, thereby greatly improving the energy harvesting efficiency.

[0074] like Fig.12 As shown, the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5 on the flexible fiber carrier 3, under the action of the heat source (T+ΔT) and the cold source (T), the intermediate body of the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy forms a temperature difference in the vertical direction, and the electromotive force is generated due to the diffusion of carriers, which can realize the thermoelectric effect. In this process, the temperature difference drives the carriers (including holes and electrons) to migrate directionally from the hot end to the cold end. Under the action of stretching, compression or other forms of mechanical force, a friction volt effect can be generated. Under the combined action of temperature difference and mechanical force, the carriers (mainly holes) in the P-type material unit 4 with a positive Seebeck coefficient and the carriers (mainly electrons) in the N-type material unit 5 with a negative Seebeck coefficient will move from the hotter heat source (temperature T+ΔT) to the colder cold source (temperature T) under the drive of temperature difference, realizing the thermoelectric effect; at the same time, under the action of mechanical force, the electrons of the P-type material unit 4 (with a higher work function) are transferred to the N-type material unit 5 (with a lower work function) through the contact interface between the P-type material unit 4 and the N-type material unit 5, realizing the friction voltaic effect. In this case, thanks to the drive of the thermoelectric effect, the electrons migrated by mechanical action will continue to move toward the cold source. In the above-mentioned composite energy collection system that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy, the composite energy of thermal energy and mechanical energy can be collected synchronously under the condition that the energy collection fabric is deformed and accompanied by temperature difference. This design realizes the coupling of thermoelectric effect and friction voltaic effect, and promotes the improvement of energy conversion efficiency through mutual synergy.

[0075] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the more the number of P-type material units 4 and N-type material units 5, the more P / N junctions, the more obvious the thermoelectric effect, the more significant the friction voltaic effect, the higher the energy collection degree, but the manufacturing cost also increases. The smaller the thickness of the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy, the smaller the temperature difference, and the lower the thermoelectric performance; conversely, the greater the thickness of the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy, the greater the temperature difference, and the thermoelectric performance is correspondingly improved within a certain length range. In actual use, it can be set according to the user's physical comfort and energy collection performance requirements.

[0076] This application effectively improves the overall energy conversion efficiency through the synergistic mechanism of thermal energy and mechanical energy. The two energy collection effects are organically combined through reasonable structure and material selection, which effectively solves the technical problems such as limited power supply capacity, single power generation form and low efficiency caused by differences in material types and structural characteristics, thereby minimizing the interference between the two and ensuring the stability and efficiency of the composite energy collection system that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy in complex environments. At the same time, in order to meet the special needs of human wearable applications, the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy in this application has a simple structural system, which enables it to be easily integrated and form a large area of ​​fabric. This design not only optimizes the energy collection efficiency, but also effectively simplifies the manufacturing and maintenance process of the system, and can operate effectively in a variety of application scenarios, thereby providing a more reliable solution for practical applications. Furthermore, this application has universality and can adapt to a variety of structural forms without being restricted by a specific form.

[0077] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A composite energy harvesting fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of supports and a plurality of intermediates, wherein the supports are arranged in a staggered manner in a horizontal and vertical direction, the intermediates comprise at least two woven flexible fiber carriers, and the plurality of intermediates are interwoven with the supports to form the energy collection fabric; P-type material units and N-type material units are alternately arranged on each of the flexible fiber carriers, so that the energy collection fabric can achieve coupling of thermoelectric effect and frictional voltaic effect when deformation occurs and there is a temperature difference.

2. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weaving method of the intermediate body includes at least two flexible fiber carriers crossing each other to form a mesh structure.

3. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weaving method of the intermediate body includes at least two flexible fiber carriers being wound around each other to form a spiral structure.

4. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the flexible fiber carrier includes one of cellulose fiber, protein fiber, synthetic polymer fiber, modified fiber and aerogel fiber.

5. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the P-type material unit includes one of a P-type organic material, a P-type inorganic material and a P-type composite material; the material of the N-type material unit includes one of an N-type organic material, an N-type inorganic material and an N-type composite material.

6. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The P-type material unit and the N-type material unit are arranged in a manner including one of dipping, spraying, vapor deposition, wet spinning, coating, screen printing and inkjet printing.

7. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The P-type material unit and the N-type material unit are arranged on the flexible fiber carrier with the same length, which is 6 mm-80 mm.

8. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 7, characterized in that: On the flexible fiber carrier, the P-type material unit and the N-type material unit are in direct contact; or, the composite energy collection fabric that efficiently couples thermal energy and mechanical energy also includes a conductive carrier, and the P-type material unit and the N-type material unit are in indirect contact through the conductive carrier.

9. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interlacing manner of the plurality of intermediate bodies and the support body comprises one or more of three-dimensional knitting, three-dimensional weaving and three-dimensional braiding.

10. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection mode of the plurality of intermediates in the support body includes one or more of series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection.

11. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 10, characterized in that: The thickness of the energy collection fabric is 6 mm to 80 mm.

12. The composite energy harvesting fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy according to claim 11, characterized in that: The area of ​​the energy collection fabric perpendicular to its thickness direction is greater than or equal to 9 cm 2 .

13. A composite energy harvesting system for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy, characterized in that: A composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy comprising a heat source, a cold source, a driving member, and a composite energy collection fabric for efficiently coupling thermal energy and mechanical energy as described in any one of claims 1 to 12; The heat source and the cold source are respectively arranged on different surfaces of the energy collecting fabric to provide a temperature difference for the energy collecting fabric, and the driving member is used to drive the energy collecting fabric to cause it to deform.

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