Method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges

Abstract

The invention discloses a recycling and crushing method for old cement pavements for municipal roads and bridges, and belongs to the technical field of waste recycling equipment. A recycling and crushing method for old cement pavements for municipal roads and bridges comprises a supporting assembly installed in front of a vehicle; the crushing assembly is mainly composed of a hydraulic cylinder, a water jet cutter and a mounting frame, the water jet cutter is arranged in the mounting frame, and a first water pipe is mounted on the water jet cutter and used for being externally connected with a water source; and the protection assembly comprises protection plates which are symmetrically arranged, the protection plates are rotationally installed on the supporting assembly, and supporting arms are rotationally connected between the protection plates and the installation frame. In the descending process of the mounting frame, the protection plates on the two sides are pushed by the supporting arms to be opened and form supporting to prevent chippings from splashing, after cutting is completed, the hydraulic cylinder is started, the mounting frame and the water jet cutter are made to ascend, the protection plates are folded inwards under the action of the supporting arms, residual blocks generated by cutting are concentrated together, a secondary crushing cavity is formed, and the secondary crushing effect is achieved. And subsequent secondary crushing is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste recycling equipment, in particular to a method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement used for municipal roads and bridges. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the construction and maintenance of municipal roads and bridges have become increasingly important. The damage to old cement pavements is mainly caused by long-term vehicle loads, natural aging, climate change and other factors. Common forms of damage include cracks, potholes, subsidence, etc. The damage to old cement pavements not only affects traffic, but may also cause safety hazards and environmental pollution. Mechanical equipment is needed to regularly maintain and repair the pavement.

[0003] There are two main traditional repair methods: one is to completely demolish and repave a new road surface, and the other is local repair. Complete demolition is costly, time-consuming, and will generate a large amount of construction waste. Although local repair is less expensive, it is often impossible to accurately control the crushing force, which can easily lead to uneven crushing and affect subsequent recycling. In addition, during the demolition and crushing process, the flying debris and dust pose a safety hazard to operators and the surrounding environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that local repair in the prior art often cannot accurately control the crushing force, which easily leads to uneven crushing and affects subsequent recycling, and the flying fragments and dust pose a safety hazard to operators and the surrounding environment during the demolition and crushing process. A method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges is proposed.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges, comprising: a support assembly, installed in front of a vehicle; a crushing assembly, mainly composed of a hydraulic cylinder, a water knife and a mounting frame, wherein the water knife is arranged in the mounting frame, a first water pipe is installed on the water knife for connecting to an external water source, and the water knife is lifted and lowered vertically to the ground under the action of the hydraulic cylinder; a protective assembly, comprising symmetrically arranged protective plates, wherein the protective plates are rotatably installed on the support assembly, and a support arm is rotatably connected between the protective plates and the mounting frame.

[0006] In order to make the water jet reciprocate along the guide shaft driven by the first motor to achieve cutting and crushing of the road surface, preferably, the guide shaft is fixedly installed in the installation frame, the first motor is fixedly installed on the installation frame, and the output end of the first motor is rotatably installed with a threaded rod through a coupling, the threaded rod is parallel to the guide shaft, and the water jet is installed on the guide shaft and the threaded rod at the same time.

[0007] In order to increase the coverage area of ​​the water jet and improve the crushing efficiency, the water jet further comprises a shell and a cutter head, and the cutter head rotates in an 8-shaped shape in the shell.

[0008] In order to improve the stability and protective effect of the protective plate and enhance the overall safety of the system, preferably, the protective plate mainly includes a crossbeam and a connecting arm, the connecting arm is symmetrically installed on the crossbeam, one end of the connecting arm away from the crossbeam is rotatably connected to the support assembly, reinforcing ribs are equidistantly installed on the crossbeam, a first baffle is fixedly installed on the crossbeam, and a second baffle is fixedly installed between the reinforcing ribs equidistantly.

[0009] Furthermore, the reinforcing rib is bent at 90 degrees, and the first baffle plate and the second baffle plate are perpendicular to each other.

[0010] In order to improve the crushing effect of the secondary crushing of the debris, further, a third baffle is provided on the side of the reinforcing rib away from the second baffle, a guide pin is fixedly installed on the third baffle, a pin hole matched with the guide pin is opened on the second baffle, and the guide pin is movably installed in the pin hole; wherein a spring is movably installed on the guide pin, and both ends of the spring are respectively abutted against the second baffle and the third baffle.

[0011] In order to assist in crushing, further, the third baffle is provided with through holes at equal intervals, and a telescopic kit is correspondingly installed on the second baffle, a hammer head is fixedly installed on the movable end of the telescopic kit, and the hammer head is movably arranged in the through hole.

[0012] Furthermore, any of the telescopic kits includes a hollow seat and a connecting shaft, and the hammer head is fixedly mounted on the connecting shaft; wherein, a second motor is fixedly mounted on the third baffle, and an output end of the second motor passes through the third baffle and is fixedly mounted with a first gear, and a second gear meshing with the first gear is fixedly mounted on an adjacent connecting shaft, and the equidistant connecting shafts are connected by belt drive.

[0013] In order to introduce high-pressure water into the hollow seat and promote the extension and retraction of the piston and the connecting shaft, further, a piston is fixedly installed on one end of the connecting shaft located in the hollow seat, a distribution pipe is fixedly installed on the reinforcing rib, a second water pipe is fixedly installed on one end of the distribution pipe for connecting to an external water source, and a branch pipe is connected between the distribution pipe and the hollow seat.

[0014] In order to improve the stability of the system, further, the support assembly includes a top plate and a connecting plate, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the top plate, and load-bearing ribs are fixedly connected between the top plate and the connecting plate.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The recycling and crushing method of the old cement pavement used in the municipal road and bridge is to start the hydraulic cylinder to make the installation frame and the water jet descend to a position close to the road surface. When the installation frame is descending, the protective plates on both sides are opened and supported by the support arm to protect the operator and the surrounding environment and prevent debris from splashing. The high-pressure water source is turned on, and the water jet starts to cut the old cement pavement. The water jet cuts the pavement accurately under high pressure. After the cutting is completed, the hydraulic cylinder is started to make the installation frame and the water jet rise. The protective plates are retracted inward under the action of the support arm, and the debris produced by the cutting is concentrated together to form a secondary crushing chamber, which is convenient for subsequent secondary crushing. The old cement material that has been crushed and processed can be used as high-quality filler or base material, which helps to extend the service life of the road; 2. The municipal road and bridge uses the recycling and crushing method of old cement pavement. The water jet pressure is set according to the cutting object to reduce the damage to the steel bars inside the roadbed. The strength and performance of the steel bars are maintained, ensuring the safety and stability of the overall structure of the roadbed; 3. The municipal road and bridge uses an old cement pavement recycling and crushing method. High-pressure water enters the distribution pipe through the second water pipe, and then enters the hollow seat through the branch pipe, pushing the piston and the connecting shaft to extend and retract, driving the hammer head to move in the through hole, starting the second motor, and the first gear drives the second gear to rotate. Through the belt drive connection, all the connecting shafts rotate synchronously to assist in crushing the collected debris, further refine and process the debris. Due to the dispersion of the water flow, the water flow pressure in the water jet becomes smaller, so the sprayed water flow has the effect of reducing dust on the debris being processed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a crushing component of a method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the protective plate structure of a method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the protective plate structure of a method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a telescopic kit for a method of recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a telescopic kit for a method of recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges.

[0017] In the figure: 100, support assembly; 110, top plate; 120, connecting plate; 130, load-bearing ribs; 200, crushing assembly; 210, hydraulic cylinder; 220, water knife; 221, first water pipe; 222, knife head; 223, housing; 230, mounting frame; 231, guide shaft; 232, first motor; 233, threaded rod; 300, protection assembly; 310, protection plate; 311, crossbeam; 312, connecting arm; 313, reinforcing ribs; 314, first baffle; 315, second baffle; 301, pin hole; 316, third baffle; 302, through hole; 317, guide pin; 318, spring; 320, support arm; 330, telescopic kit; 331, hollow seat; 332, connecting shaft; 333, piston; 340, hammer head; 350, second motor; 351, first gear; 352, second gear; 360, distribution pipe; 361, second water pipe; 362, branch pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. Example

[0020] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 A method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges includes a supporting component 100, a crushing component 200 and a protective component 300.

[0021] Specifically, the support assembly 100 is installed in front of the vehicle as the supporting base of the entire system, including a top plate 110 and a connecting plate 120. The hydraulic cylinder 210 is fixedly installed on the top plate 110. A load-bearing rib 130 is fixedly connected between the top plate 110 and the connecting plate 120 to connect the top plate 110 and the connecting plate 120, thereby enhancing the rigidity and stability of the structure and ensuring the stability of the system.

[0022] Specifically, the crushing assembly 200 is mainly composed of a hydraulic cylinder 210, a water knife 220 and a mounting frame 230. The water knife 220 is arranged in the mounting frame 230. A first water pipe 221 is installed on the water knife 220 for connecting to an external water source. The water knife 220 is lifted and lowered vertically to the ground under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 210 to achieve cutting and crushing of the road surface.

[0023] Specifically, the protection assembly 300 includes a symmetrically arranged protection plate 310, which is rotatably mounted on the support assembly 100, and a support arm 320 is rotatably connected between the protection plate 310 and the mounting frame 230 to protect the operator and the surrounding environment and prevent debris from splashing.

[0024] Through the arrangement of the above structure, the vehicle is driven to the old cement road surface that needs to be processed, ensuring that the support assembly 100 and the crushing assembly 200 are in a suitable working position, and the hydraulic cylinder 210 is started to make the installation frame 230 and the water jet 220 descend to a position close to the road surface. When the installation frame 230 is in the process of descending, the protective plates 310 on both sides are opened and supported under the push of the support arm 320 to protect the operator and the surrounding environment and prevent debris from splashing. The high-pressure water source is turned on, and the water jet 220 starts to cut the old cement road surface. The water jet accurately cuts the road surface under high pressure. After the cutting is completed, the hydraulic cylinder 210 is started to make the installation frame 230 and the water jet 220 rise. The protective plate 310 is retracted inwardly under the action of the support arm 320, and the debris produced by the cutting is concentrated together to form a secondary crushing chamber, which is convenient for subsequent secondary crushing. The old cement material that has been secondary crushed and processed can be used as high-quality filler or base material, which helps to extend the service life of the road.

[0025] Reference Figure 3 Preferably, a guide shaft 231 is fixedly installed in the installation frame 230, a first motor 232 is fixedly installed on the installation frame 230, a threaded rod 233 is rotatably installed on the output end of the first motor 232 through a coupling, the threaded rod 233 is parallel to the guide shaft 231, and the water jet 220 is installed on the guide shaft 231 and the threaded rod 233 at the same time.

[0026] Furthermore, the water jet 220 includes a shell 223 and a cutter head 222 , and the cutter head 222 rotates in an 8-shaped shape in the shell 223 .

[0027] The water jet 220 reciprocates along the guide shaft 231 driven by the first motor 232 to achieve cutting and crushing of the road surface. The 8-shaped rotation can increase the coverage area of ​​the water jet and improve the crushing efficiency.

[0028] It should be noted that the cutter head 222 cuts along an 8-shaped trajectory. This trajectory can ensure that the water jet is more evenly distributed on the cutting surface, reduce local stress concentration, and improve cutting quality. The 8-shaped trajectory allows the water jet to impact the material from multiple directions, which helps to more effectively break and remove the material. Among them, the high-pressure pump can provide a stable high-pressure water jet, which usually requires a pressure of more than 3000 bar (about 43,500 pounds per square inch). Choose a suitable water jet 220 nozzle to ensure the wear resistance and high-pressure resistance of the nozzle, such as cemented carbide or ceramic. Equipped with a precise motion control system, it can achieve precise control and trajectory planning of the cutter head 222, turn on the high-pressure pump, ensure that the water jet reaches the required pressure, position the cutter head 222 to the starting point of cutting, start the control system, and make the cutter head 222 cut along the 8-shaped trajectory. The cutting process is monitored in real time through the control system to ensure cutting quality and efficiency. According to actual conditions, the water pressure, cutting speed and trajectory parameters are adjusted in time to obtain the best cutting effect.

[0029] Preferably, the motion control system includes a servo motor, a guide rail and a slider, and an encoder. A high-precision servo motor is used to drive the movement of the cutter head 222 to ensure the accuracy of the motion trajectory. High-precision guide rails and sliders are installed to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the cutter head 222 during movement. An encoder is installed to provide real-time feedback on the position information of the cutter head 222 to ensure precise control of the motion trajectory. This is existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0030] Reference Figure 4 Preferably, the protective plate 310 mainly includes a cross beam 311 and a connecting arm 312, the connecting arm 312 is symmetrically installed on the cross beam 311, and one end of the connecting arm 312 away from the cross beam 311 is rotatably connected to the support assembly 100 to ensure that the protective plate 310 can be flexibly unfolded and retracted, and reinforcing ribs 313 are equidistantly installed on the cross beam 311, a first baffle 314 is fixedly installed on the cross beam 311, and a second baffle 315 is fixedly installed between the equidistant reinforcing ribs 313.

[0031] Furthermore, the reinforcing rib 313 is bent at 90 degrees to enhance the rigidity and stability of the protective plate 310 , and the first baffle plate 314 and the second baffle plate 315 are perpendicular to each other.

[0032] Referring to the figure, a third baffle plate 316 is provided on the side of the reinforcing rib 313 away from the second baffle plate 315, a guide pin 317 is fixedly installed on the third baffle plate 316, a pin hole 301 matched with the guide pin 317 is opened on the second baffle plate 315, and the guide pin 317 is movably installed in the pin hole 301; wherein, a spring 318 is movably installed on the guide pin 317, and both ends of the spring 318 are respectively abutted against the second baffle plate 315 and the third baffle plate 316.

[0033] During the retracting process, the third baffle plate 316 ensures that the debris will not fly out from the edge of the protective plate 310 through the elastic buffering of the guide pin 317 and the spring 318, thereby further improving safety.

[0034] Reference Figure 4 The third baffle plate 316 is provided with through holes 302 at equal intervals, and a telescopic kit 330 is correspondingly installed on the second baffle plate 315 . A hammer head 340 is fixedly installed at the movable end of the telescopic kit 330 , and the hammer head 340 is movably arranged in the through hole 302 .

[0035] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 and Figure 7 Preferably, any telescopic kit 330 includes a hollow seat 331 and a connecting shaft 332, and the hammer head 340 is fixedly mounted on the connecting shaft 332; wherein, a second motor 350 is fixedly mounted on the third baffle 316, and an output end of the second motor 350 passes through the third baffle 316 and is fixedly mounted with a first gear 351, and a second gear 352 meshingly connected to the first gear 351 is fixedly mounted on an adjacent connecting shaft 332, and the equidistant connecting shafts 332 are connected by belt drive.

[0036] Furthermore, a piston 333 is fixedly installed on one end of the connecting shaft 332 located in the hollow seat 331, a distribution pipe 360 ​​is fixedly installed on the reinforcing rib 313, a second water pipe 361 is fixedly installed on one end of the distribution pipe 360 ​​for connecting to an external water source, and a branch pipe 362 is connected between the distribution pipe 360 ​​and the hollow seat 331.

[0037] It should be noted that a solenoid valve is installed on the second water pipe 361 to control the opening of the second water pipe 361 .

[0038] High-pressure water enters the distribution pipe 360 ​​through the second water pipe 361, and then enters the hollow seat 331 through the branch pipe 362, pushing the piston 333 and the connecting shaft 332 to extend and retract, driving the hammer head 340 to move in the through hole 302, starting the second motor 350, and the first gear 351 drives the second gear 352 to rotate. Through the belt drive connection, all the connecting shafts 332 rotate synchronously, and the collected debris is assisted in crushing, further refining and processing the debris. Due to the dispersion of the water flow, the water flow pressure in the water knife 220 becomes smaller, so the sprayed water flow has the effect of reducing dust on the debris being processed.

[0039] Working principle: Drive the vehicle to the old cement road surface that needs to be processed, ensure that the support assembly 100 and the crushing assembly 200 are in the appropriate working position, start the hydraulic cylinder 210, and make the installation frame 230 and the water jet 220 descend to a position close to the road surface. The protective plate 310 opens under the action of the connecting arm 312 to form an isolation protection, and the high-pressure water source is turned on, and the water jet 220 starts to cut the old cement road surface. The water jet accurately cuts the road surface under high pressure. The pressure of the water jet 220 is set according to the cutting object to reduce the damage to the steel bars inside the roadbed. The strength and performance of the steel bars are maintained to ensure the safety and stability of the overall structure of the roadbed. Start the first motor 232, and accurately control the reciprocating movement of the water jet 220 through the threaded rod 233. The 8-shaped rotation can increase the coverage area of ​​the water jet and improve the crushing efficiency. After the cutting is completed, start the hydraulic cylinder 210 to make the installation frame 230 and the water jet 220 rise, and the protective plate 310 is retracted. The first baffle 314 and the second baffle 315 form a closed space to collect the debris produced by the cutting. During the retraction process, The third baffle 316 ensures that the debris will not fly out from the edge of the protective plate 310 through the elastic buffer of the guide pin 317 and the spring 318, further improving the safety, and starting the second motor 350, the first gear 351 drives the second gear 352 to rotate, and through the belt drive connection, all the connecting shafts 332 rotate synchronously, and the high-pressure water enters the distribution pipe 360 ​​through the second water pipe 361, and then enters the hollow seat 331 through the branch pipe 362, pushing the piston 333 and the connecting shaft 332 to extend and retract, driving the hammer head 340 to move in the through hole 302, and the hammer head 340 moves in the through hole 302 to assist in crushing the collected debris, and further refine and process the debris.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges, characterized in that: include: A support assembly (100) is installed in front of the vehicle; The crushing assembly (200) is mainly composed of a hydraulic cylinder (210), a water knife (220) and a mounting frame (230); the water knife (220) is arranged in the mounting frame (230); a first water pipe (221) is installed on the water knife (220) for connecting to an external water source, and the water knife (220) is lifted and lowered vertically to the ground under the action of the hydraulic cylinder (210); The protection assembly (300) comprises a symmetrically arranged protection plate (310), wherein the protection plate (310) is rotatably mounted on the support assembly (100), and a support arm (320) is rotatably connected between the protection plate (310) and the mounting frame (230).

2. The method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A guide shaft (231) is fixedly mounted in the mounting frame (230), a first motor (232) is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (230), a threaded rod (233) is rotatably mounted on an output end of the first motor (232) via a coupling, the threaded rod (233) is parallel to the guide shaft (231), and the water jet (220) is simultaneously mounted on the guide shaft (231) and the threaded rod (233).

3. The method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water knife (220) comprises a housing (223) and a knife head (222), wherein the knife head (222) rotates in an 8-shaped manner within the housing (223).

4. The method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The protective plate (310) mainly comprises a crossbeam (311) and a connecting arm (312), wherein the connecting arm (312) is symmetrically mounted on the crossbeam (311), and one end of the connecting arm (312) away from the crossbeam (311) is rotatably connected to the support assembly (100), reinforcing ribs (313) are equidistantly mounted on the crossbeam (311), a first baffle (314) is fixedly mounted on the crossbeam (311), and a second baffle (315) is fixedly mounted between the reinforcing ribs (313) at equal intervals.

5. The method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The reinforcing rib (313) is bent at 90 degrees, and the first baffle (314) and the second baffle (315) are perpendicular to each other.

6. The method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A third baffle (316) is provided on the side of the reinforcing rib (313) facing away from the second baffle (315); a guide pin (317) is fixedly mounted on the third baffle (316); a pin hole (301) matching the guide pin (317) is formed on the second baffle (315); and the guide pin (317) is movably mounted in the pin hole (301); Wherein, a spring (318) is movably mounted on the guide pin (317), and two ends of the spring (318) are respectively in contact with the second baffle plate (315) and the third baffle plate (316).

7. The method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The third baffle plate (316) is provided with through holes (302) at equal intervals, and a telescopic kit (330) is correspondingly mounted on the second baffle plate (315). A hammer head (340) is fixedly mounted on the movable end of the telescopic kit (330), and the hammer head (340) is movably arranged in the through hole (302).

8. The method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Any of the telescopic kits (330) comprises a hollow seat (331) and a connecting shaft (332), and the hammer head (340) is fixedly mounted on the connecting shaft (332); A second motor (350) is fixedly mounted on the third baffle (316); a first gear (351) is fixedly mounted on the output end of the second motor (350) passing through the third baffle (316); a second gear (352) meshingly connected to the first gear (351) is fixedly mounted on the adjacent connecting shaft (332); and the equidistant connecting shafts (332) are connected via a belt transmission.

9. The method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to claim 8, characterized in that: A piston (333) is fixedly mounted on one end of the connecting shaft (332) located in the hollow seat (331), a distribution pipe (360) is fixedly mounted on the reinforcing rib (313), a second water pipe (361) is fixedly mounted on one end of the distribution pipe (360) for connecting to an external water source, and a branch pipe (362) is connected between the distribution pipe (360) and the hollow seat (331).

10. A method for recycling and crushing old cement pavement for municipal roads and bridges according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that: The support assembly (100) comprises a top plate (110) and a connecting plate (120), the hydraulic cylinder (210) is fixedly mounted on the top plate (110), and a load-bearing rib (130) is fixedly connected between the top plate (110) and the connecting plate (120).

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