Miniature electric excavator and heat dissipation adjusting method

Abstract

The invention provides a miniature electric excavator and a heat dissipation adjusting method, and belongs to the technical field of miniature electric excavators. Comprising a walking device, a rotary platform, a cab, a power supply device, an oil supply device and an air cooling heat dissipation device. The revolving platform is rotationally mounted on the walking device, and a mounting plate is arranged on the revolving platform; the mounting plate comprises a first area and a second area; the power supply device and the cab are installed in the first area, the oil supply device is installed in the second area, and the battery pack is installed between the cab and the rotary platform. And an electronic fan of the air-cooling heat dissipation device is adjacent to the battery pack and is used for discharging heat or supplying heat to the battery pack. According to the mini-type electric excavator, reasonable area division is conducted on the rotary platform, overall layout of the mini-type electric excavator is achieved, the battery pack in the power supply device and the electronic fan in the air cooling heat dissipation device are adjacently arranged, and therefore the problem that heat dissipation of the mini-type electric excavator is difficult is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a micro electric excavator and a heat dissipation adjustment method, belonging to the technical field of micro electric excavators. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the electrification of construction machinery has developed rapidly. Compared with traditional fuel excavators, electric excavators have natural advantages in reducing carbon emissions and noise. According to the needs of the European market, there is a greater demand for micro electric excavators with low-voltage platforms. However, due to the size and structural limitations of small-tonnage electric excavators of 1.5t-3.5t, the distance between electrical components and hydraulic components is very small, especially for electric excavators with a total weight of less than 3t and a low-voltage platform equipped with electric rotation and electric travel. Not only does it face difficulties in equipment layout, but also poor heat dissipation performance. The excessively high temperature environment inside the whole machine seriously affects the performance and life of components such as batteries, motors, and electronic controls, and there are certain safety hazards. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a micro electric excavator and a heat dissipation adjustment method, which solves the problems of difficult layout and poor heat dissipation performance of the existing micro electric excavator.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mini electric excavator, comprising: a walking device, a rotating platform, a cab, a power supply device, an oil supply device and an air-cooling heat dissipation device.

[0005] The revolving platform is rotatably installed above the traveling device, and a mounting plate for mounting equipment is arranged on it; the mounting plate includes: a first area where the cab is located and a second area on one side of the cab; the power supply device is installed in the first area, for supplying power to the traveling device and the revolving platform; the oil supply device is installed in the second area, for outputting hydraulic oil, and the air-cooling heat dissipation device includes: a cooling core and an electronic fan; the cooling core is connected to the oil supply pipeline of the oil supply device; the electronic fan is connected to the cooling core; wherein, the first area includes: a first partition located between the cab and the revolving platform; the battery pack in the power supply device is installed in the first partition; the electronic fan of the air-cooling heat dissipation device is arranged adjacent to the battery pack, for dissipating or supplying heat to the battery pack.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes: a vehicle controller; the air-cooled heat dissipation device also includes: a temperature sensor for obtaining the temperature of the hydraulic oil; the vehicle controller is respectively connected to the temperature sensor and the electronic fan, and is used to adjust the speed of the electronic fan according to the temperature of the hydraulic oil.

[0007] Furthermore, the first area also includes: a second partition located on the side of the cab door; the power supply device also includes: a battery distribution unit PDU, a DCDC power converter, an on-board charger, a starting battery, a fast or slow charging interface and a main power switch; the battery distribution unit PDU is arranged above the battery pack; the on-board charger is arranged on the side of the battery pack close to the air-cooled heat dissipation device; the DCDC power converter is arranged on the side of the battery pack close to the second partition, and the starting battery, the fast or slow charging interface and the main power switch are arranged in the second partition.

[0008] Further, the oil supply device includes: a hydraulic oil tank, an electric motor and a hydraulic pump; The electric motor is adjacent to the battery pack and installed below the air-cooling heat dissipation device, and is used to drive the hydraulic pump to operate; The hydraulic pump is installed between the electric motor and the hydraulic oil tank, and is used to drive the hydraulic oil to flow from the hydraulic oil tank to the oil supply pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes: a motor controller, an electric rotary controller and a heating and cooling air conditioner for adjusting the temperature inside the cab; the motor controller and the electric rotary controller are arranged above the hydraulic pump; the condenser of the heating and cooling air conditioner is arranged above the cab; the compressor of the heating and cooling air conditioner is installed on one side of the hydraulic oil tank.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes: an upper shell, which is installed on the mounting plate and together with the mounting plate forms a first installation space for accommodating the power supply device, the oil supply device and the air-cooled heat dissipation device; a first ventilation hole is provided on the rotating platform; and a second ventilation hole is provided on the upper shell facing the electronic fan to form an air duct in the first installation space.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes: an electric travel controller and a cooling fan for dissipating heat therefor; the electric travel controller and the cooling fan are arranged in a second installation space formed by the rotating platform and the travel device.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for heat dissipation adjustment of a micro electric excavator based on the micro electric excavator described in the first aspect, comprising: obtaining the temperature of the hydraulic oil; and adjusting the speed of the electronic fan based on the corresponding relationship between the preset hydraulic oil temperature and the speed of the electronic fan.

[0013] Furthermore, the method also includes: obtaining the current ambient temperature of the location of the micro electric excavator; in response to the current ambient temperature being not greater than a preset ambient temperature threshold and the temperature of the hydraulic oil reaching a preset oil temperature threshold, adjusting the rotation direction of the electronic fan so that the electronic fan supplies heat to the battery pack; in response to the current ambient temperature being greater than the ambient temperature threshold or the temperature of the hydraulic oil being less than the oil temperature threshold, adjusting the rotation direction of the electronic fan so that the electronic fan dissipates heat for the battery pack; wherein the ambient temperature threshold is less than the oil temperature threshold.

[0014] Furthermore, the ambient temperature threshold is 5°C, and the oil temperature threshold is 50°C.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The micro electric excavator provided by the present invention realizes the overall layout of the mini electric excavator by reasonably dividing the rotating table, thereby solving the layout difficulty problem of the mini electric excavator due to its small space size. At the same time, the battery pack in the power supply device and the electronic fan in the air-cooling heat dissipation device are arranged adjacent to each other. Not only can the cooling core in the air-cooling heat dissipation device dissipate heat for the hydraulic oil, but the electronic fan in the air-cooling heat dissipation device can also discharge heat for the battery pack or blow the heat generated by the hydraulic oil to the battery pack to supply heat to it, thereby solving the problem of heat dissipation difficulty of the mini electric excavator. (2) The heat dissipation adjustment method for a micro electric excavator provided by the present invention can adjust the heat dissipation power of the electronic fan in the air-cooled radiator according to the real-time temperature of the hydraulic oil, maintain the temperature of the hydraulic oil within a certain temperature range, and avoid excessive internal temperature of the whole machine due to poor heat dissipation performance; it can also change the blowing direction of the electronic fan according to the ambient temperature. In a high temperature environment, the electronic fan is controlled to dissipate heat for the battery pack to prevent the battery pack from overheating and causing malfunctions. In a low temperature environment, the electronic fan is controlled to supply heat to the battery pack to prevent the battery pack from being overheated and affecting the output power. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first area in the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the first partition and the second area in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a right side view of the second area in the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of electric travel control in the second installation space of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second installation space in the present invention; Figure 6 A top view of the second installation space in the present invention Figure 7It is an overview diagram of the first installation space and the second installation space in the present invention; In the figure: 1-cab, 2-slewing platform, 3-starting battery, 4-main power switch, 5-fast and slow charging interface, 6-DCDC power converter, 7-battery pack, 8-battery distribution unit, 9-motor, 10-on-board charger, 11-air cooling device, 12-hydraulic pump, 13-motor controller, 14-electric slewing controller, 15-hydraulic oil tank, 16-electric travel controller, 17-electric slip ring, 18-travel device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than the content illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Example 1

[0018] refer to Figure 1-4 This embodiment provides a mini electric excavator, including: a walking device 18, a rotating platform 2, a cab 1, a power supply device, an oil supply device and an air-cooling heat dissipation device 11.

[0019] Specifically, the revolving platform 2 is rotatably installed above the walking device 18 through the electric slip ring 17. To facilitate the installation of equipment, a mounting plate is provided on the revolving platform 2; the mounting plate includes two mounting areas: the side where the cab 1 is installed is the first area, and the other side is the second area.

[0020] The power supply device is installed in the first area to supply power to the walking device 18 and the rotary platform 2; the oil supply device is installed in the second area to output hydraulic oil.

[0021] The air-cooled heat dissipation device 11 includes: a cooling core and an electronic fan; wherein the cooling core is connected to the oil supply pipeline of the oil supply device to dissipate heat for the hydraulic oil. The electronic fan is connected to the cooling core, and when the hydraulic oil flows through the cooling core, the electronic fan takes away excess heat to reduce the temperature of the hydraulic oil.

[0022] Due to the special structure of the cab 1 , there is some space at the lower rear thereof. Therefore, the first area for installing the power supply device also includes two parts: a first partition located between the cab 1 and the revolving platform 2 , and a second partition located on the door side of the cab 1 .

[0023] The equipment of the power supply device includes: a battery pack 7, a battery distribution unit 8, a DCDC power converter 6, an on-board charger 10, a starting battery 3, a main power switch 4 and a fast or slow charging interface 5.

[0024] The equipment of the power supply device is arranged in the first area, and the specific layout is as follows: the battery pack 7 is installed in the first partition between the cab 1 and the revolving platform 2; the battery distribution unit 8 is arranged above the battery pack 7, with its port facing outward, and the high-voltage wiring harness of the whole machine is arranged on the outside to facilitate fault inspection and maintenance.

[0025] In order to facilitate the operation of the driver, the starting battery 3, the main power switch 4 and the fast and slow charging interface 5 are arranged in the second partition on the door side of the cab 1. The DCDC power converter 6 is fixed on the fixing frame on the side of the battery pack 7 close to the second partition. The on-board charger 10 is arranged on the side of the battery pack 7 close to the air cooling device 11.

[0026] The equipment of the oil supply device includes: a hydraulic oil tank 15, an electric motor 9 and a hydraulic pump 12, all of which are arranged in the second area, and the specific layout is as follows: the electric motor 9 is arranged adjacent to the battery pack 7 of the power supply device, and the hydraulic pump 12 is installed between the electric motor 9 and the hydraulic oil tank 15. The electric motor 9 drives the hydraulic pump 12 to operate; the hydraulic pump 12 drives the hydraulic oil to flow from the hydraulic oil tank 15 to the oil supply pipeline.

[0027] It should be noted that the air-cooling heat dissipation device 11 is arranged above the electric motor 9 , and the electronic fan therein is arranged opposite to the battery pack 7 for dissipating or supplying heat to the battery pack 7 .

[0028] In some specific embodiments, the electronic fan is a suction fan.

[0029] The micro electric excavator provided by the present invention arranges the battery pack 7, the battery distribution unit 8, the on-board charger 10 and the DCDC power converter 6 at the rear of the vehicle so that the center of gravity of the whole machine is biased backward, which provides stability for the whole machine, reduces the weight of the counterweight and saves costs.

[0030] In some embodiments, the air-cooled heat dissipation device 11 also includes: a temperature sensor for obtaining the temperature of the hydraulic oil; the temperature sensor and the electronic fan are respectively connected to the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller can adjust the speed of the electronic fan according to the temperature of the hydraulic oil to achieve real-time control of the heat dissipation power.

[0031] In some embodiments, in order to prevent dust and rain, an upper shell is also installed on the mounting plate, and the upper shell and the mounting plate are enclosed to form a first mounting space, and the power supply device, the oil supply device and the air-cooling heat dissipation device 11 are all in the first mounting space. In order to form an air duct in the first mounting space when the electronic fan is working, a first ventilation hole is opened on the rotary platform 2; at the same time, a second ventilation hole is opened at the upper shell facing the electronic fan.

[0032] In some specific embodiments, for better heat dissipation, heat dissipation holes may be provided on the side of the upper shell. At the same time, for easy inspection and maintenance, an inspection door may be provided on the side of the upper shell. Example 2

[0033] Based on the first embodiment, this embodiment provides a micro electric excavator with a more comprehensive layout.

[0034] refer to Figure 3-7 The mini electric excavator further includes: a motor controller 13, an electric rotation controller 14, a heating and cooling air conditioner, an electric travel controller 16, and an independent fan for dissipating heat for the electric travel controller 16.

[0035] The motor controller 13 and the electric swing controller 14 are disposed above the hydraulic pump 12 in the first installation space.

[0036] The air conditioner is used to adjust the temperature inside the cab, and the condenser of the air conditioner is arranged above the cab 1; the compressor of the air conditioner is installed on one side of the hydraulic oil tank 15 in the first installation space.

[0037] The revolving platform 2 and the traveling device 18 together form a second installation space, and the electric traveling controller 16 and the independent fan are arranged in the second installation space. In order to form an air duct in the second installation space, an air outlet is arranged on the opposite side of the independent fan, and an air inlet is arranged on the lower frame.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, the lower frame is provided with a detachable air inlet plate.

[0039] The electric travel controller 16 adopts parallel control, and the travel device 18, the electric slip ring 17 and the electric travel controller 16 are connected by electric wires. Example 3

[0040] This embodiment provides a heat dissipation adjustment method for the micro electric excavator based on the embodiment 1 or 2, and the method is implemented by the vehicle controller.

[0041] The method comprises: obtaining the temperature of the hydraulic oil; and adjusting the speed of the electronic fan in combination with the corresponding relationship between the preset hydraulic oil temperature and the speed of the electronic fan.

[0042] In order to control the hydraulic oil temperature within a preset range, the vehicle controller obtains the temperature value of the temperature sensor in the air-cooled heat dissipation device 11 in real time. The higher the temperature value, the faster the speed of the electronic fan is controlled until the temperature value drops to a preset range.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the direction of the electronic fan can also be adjusted according to the ambient temperature in different seasons. Specifically, the current ambient temperature of the location of the mini electric excavator is obtained; in response to the current ambient temperature being no greater than a preset ambient temperature threshold and the temperature of the hydraulic oil reaching a preset oil temperature threshold, the rotation direction of the electronic fan is adjusted so that the electronic fan supplies heat to the battery pack; in response to the current ambient temperature being greater than the ambient temperature threshold or the temperature of the hydraulic oil being less than the oil temperature threshold, the rotation direction of the electronic fan is adjusted so that the electronic fan removes heat from the battery pack. Among them, the ambient temperature threshold is less than the oil temperature threshold.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, the ambient temperature threshold is 5°C, and the oil temperature threshold is 50°C.

[0045] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A mini electric excavator, characterized in that: include: Traveling device, slewing platform, cab, power supply device, oil supply device and air-cooling device; The revolving platform is rotatably mounted above the walking device, and a mounting plate for mounting equipment is arranged on the revolving platform; The mounting plate includes: a first area where the cab is located and a second area on one side of the cab; The power supply device is installed in the first area and is used to supply power to the walking device and the rotating platform; The oil supply device is installed in the second area and is used to output hydraulic oil. The air-cooled heat dissipation device comprises: a cooling core and an electronic fan; the cooling core is connected to the oil supply pipeline of the oil supply device; the electronic fan is connected to the cooling core; Wherein, the first area includes: a first partition located between the cab and the rotary platform; The battery pack in the power supply device is installed in the first partition; The electronic fan of the air-cooling heat dissipation device is arranged adjacent to the battery pack and is used for dissipating heat or supplying heat to the battery pack.

2. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Vehicle controller; The air-cooling heat dissipation device further includes: a temperature sensor for obtaining the temperature of the hydraulic oil; The vehicle controller is connected to the temperature sensor and the electronic fan respectively, and is used to adjust the speed of the electronic fan according to the temperature of the hydraulic oil.

3. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first area also includes: a second partition located on one side of the cab door; The power supply device also includes: a battery distribution unit PDU, a DCDC power converter, an on-board charger, a starter battery, a fast and slow charging interface and a main power switch; The battery distribution unit PDU is arranged above the battery pack; the on-board charger is arranged on a side of the battery pack close to the air-cooling heat dissipation device; The DCDC power converter is arranged on a side of the battery pack close to the second partition, and the starting battery, fast and slow charging interfaces and the main power switch are arranged in the second partition.

4. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil supply device comprises: a hydraulic oil tank, an electric motor and a hydraulic pump; The electric motor is adjacent to the battery pack and installed below the air-cooling heat dissipation device, and is used to drive the hydraulic pump to operate; The hydraulic pump is installed between the electric motor and the hydraulic oil tank, and is used to drive the hydraulic oil to flow from the hydraulic oil tank to the oil supply pipeline.

5. The mini electric excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: Motor controller, electric swing controller and air conditioner for regulating the temperature inside the cab; The motor controller and the electric swing controller are arranged above the hydraulic pump; The condenser of the air conditioner is arranged above the cab; The compressor of the cooling and heating air conditioner is installed on one side of the hydraulic oil tank.

6. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An upper housing, wherein the upper housing is mounted on the mounting plate and encloses the mounting plate to form a first mounting space for accommodating the power supply device, the oil supply device and the air-cooling heat dissipation device; The rotating platform is provided with a first ventilation hole; the upper shell is provided with a second ventilation hole directly facing the electronic fan, so that an air duct is formed in the first installation space.

7. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes: an electric travel controller and a cooling fan for dissipating heat therefrom; The electric travel controller and the cooling fan are arranged in a second installation space formed by the rotary platform and the travel device.

8. A heat dissipation adjustment method for a micro electric excavator based on the micro electric excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Get the temperature of hydraulic oil; The speed of the electronic fan is adjusted based on the preset correspondence between the hydraulic oil temperature and the speed of the electronic fan.

9. The heat dissipation adjustment method for a micro electric excavator according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: Get the current ambient temperature of the location of the micro electric excavator; In response to the current ambient temperature being no greater than a preset ambient temperature threshold and the temperature of the hydraulic oil reaching a preset oil temperature threshold, adjusting the rotation direction of the electronic fan so that the electronic fan supplies heat to the battery pack; In response to the current ambient temperature being greater than the ambient temperature threshold or the temperature of the hydraulic oil being less than the oil temperature threshold, adjusting the rotation direction of the electronic fan so that the electronic fan removes heat from the battery pack; Wherein, the ambient temperature threshold is lower than the oil temperature threshold.

10. The heat dissipation adjustment method for a micro electric excavator according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ambient temperature threshold is 5°C, and the oil temperature threshold is 50°C.

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