Drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on adjustable shaping excavator bucket

Abstract

The utility model discloses an efficient drainage ditch excavation device based on an adjustable shaping excavator bucket, and relates to the technical field of municipal engineering and hydraulic engineering construction. Different design requirements are met by hydraulically adjusting the size of the bucket, the bucket body is formed at a time, manual finishing and template use are reduced, the construction cost is reduced by more than 20%, the excavation precision is controlled by combining GPS positioning and real-time measurement, the groove longitudinal slope and elevation precision is ensured, and the construction efficiency is improved. One-time forming of the drainage ditch and synchronous outward transportation of spoil are achieved, and site accumulation is avoided. According to the scheme, the construction efficiency and quality are remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for municipal drainage engineering under soil texture and strong weathered rock geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of municipal engineering and water conservancy engineering construction technology, specifically to a high-efficiency drainage ditch excavation device based on an adjustable fixed bucket. Background Technology

[0002] Drainage ditches refer to ditches that divert water collected in side ditches, intercepting ditches, and low-lying areas near roadbeds, farmland, and residences to areas outside the roadbed, farmland, and residences. Drainage ditch design follows the layout and engineering standards of drainage systems, determines the depth and spacing of field drainage ditches, and analyzes and calculates the flow rate, water level, cross-sectional dimensions, and engineering quantities of drainage ditches and structures at all levels.

[0003] Traditional drainage ditch excavation requires multiple excavations by hand or with ordinary excavators, resulting in low construction efficiency. It also requires additional formwork to fix the ditch structure, leading to material waste and extended construction period. In addition, traditional methods have poor control over the longitudinal slope, elevation, and dimensional accuracy of the ditch, often requiring repeated adjustments. Excavated soil piles occupy space and affect construction progress. To address these issues, we propose a high-efficiency drainage ditch excavation device based on an adjustable, fixed-shape excavator. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of low efficiency, poor accuracy and large site occupation in traditional drainage ditch excavation. This invention provides a high-efficiency drainage ditch excavation device based on an adjustable fixed bucket.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-efficiency drainage ditch excavation device based on an adjustable fixed bucket, the excavation device comprising:

[0007] Adjustable bucket body;

[0008] A positioning module, which is integrated into the top of the adjustable bucket body;

[0009] Guide plates are provided on both sides of the adjustable bucket body;

[0010] The waste soil collection trough is connected to the adjustable bucket body and the dump truck via a guiding device.

[0011] Furthermore, the adjustable bucket body is sized via a hydraulic system, and the adjustable bucket body has an adjustment range of 0.5–2.0 m and a depth adjustment range of 0.3–1.5 m.

[0012] Furthermore, the positioning module adopts either GPS or a laser transmitter and supports RTK differential positioning with an elevation accuracy of ±1cm.

[0013] Furthermore, the spoil collection trough is seamlessly connected to the dump truck, and the spoil collection trough can be loaded with 0.3m of spoil at a time. 3 The unloading time is ≤5 seconds.

[0014] Furthermore, the guiding device in the waste soil collection trough is selected as a guide trough or a conveyor belt system, wherein the guide trough has a V-shaped structure and an inclination angle of 30°.

[0015] A method for efficient excavation of drainage ditches, comprising any of the excavation devices described above, includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Site leveling and surveying: Level the original ground according to the design drawings, survey and set out the plane position and longitudinal slope of the drainage ditch, and mark the lime excavation line;

[0017] Step 2, Bucket Parameter Adjustment: Adjust the bucket width and depth according to the design dimensions, and lock the hydraulic telescopic mechanism;

[0018] Step 3, Excavation Operation: The excavator travels backward along the lime line, and the excavation elevation is controlled by the GPS / laser positioning module. Real-time measurement and calibration are performed every 2m.

[0019] Step 4: Simultaneous transport of excavated soil: Excavated soil is directly loaded into dump trucks through collection troughs to reduce site stockpiling.

[0020] Furthermore, during the excavation operation, both GPS and manual measurement are used for verification to ensure that the elevation accuracy error is ≤2cm.

[0021] Furthermore, the site leveling and surveying / layout includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 11, Geological Survey: Confirm that the construction area is a clay stratum, the groundwater level is 1.5m below the excavation depth, and there are no large obstacles;

[0023] Step 12, Equipment Selection: Select a 20-ton excavator, equipped with the adjustable fixed bucket described in this invention, with a hydraulic system pressure range of 20-25MPa, and the bucket body is welded from Q345B high-strength steel plate.

[0024] Step 13, Benchmark Point Layout: Set up wooden stakes every 5m along the centerline of the drainage ditch, and measure the elevation using a total station, with an allowable deviation of ±1cm;

[0025] Step 14: Excavation line marking: Spray white lime powder along the edge of the trench, with a line width of 5cm. Add directional arrows every 10m for straight sections and every 3m for curved sections.

[0026] Furthermore, the adjustment of the bucket parameters includes the following steps:

[0027] Step 21, Bucket Adjustment: According to the design drawings, activate the hydraulic telescopic mechanism through the control panel in the cab to adjust the width of the bucket side plate and the depth of the bottom scraper, and then fix them with mechanical locks;

[0028] Step 22, Positioning Module Calibration: Install an RTK-GPS module (positioning accuracy ±1cm) on the top of the bucket, connect it to the excavator control system, and input the design longitudinal slope value (0.5% slope) and elevation benchmark data.

[0029] Furthermore, the excavation operation includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 31, Initial Trial Excavation: Excavate a 2m trial section at the starting point, manually check the cross-sectional dimensions and elevation, and proceed with continuous operation after confirming that they match the design.

[0031] Step 32, Dynamic Control: The excavator travels backward along the white line at a speed of 0.5 m / s; GPS transmits the elevation data of the bottom of the bucket to the cab display screen in real time, and the operator adjusts the excavation depth according to the warning prompts (an alarm is triggered when the deviation is ≥2 cm); the excavator pauses every 2 m and uses a level to manually re-measure the elevation of the bottom of the trench (double-person verification), records the data and uploads it to the construction management platform.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. This invention reduces construction costs by more than 20% by molding the bucket body in one go, thus reducing manual finishing and the use of templates.

[0034] 2. This invention combines GPS with manual measurement to ensure the accuracy of trench longitudinal slope and elevation, with a pass rate of 98%.

[0035] 3. This invention allows for the simultaneous removal of excavated soil, avoiding site accumulation, and is suitable for narrow construction environments. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a front sectional view of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the process of this invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the site leveling and surveying process in this invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of adjusting bucket parameters in this invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the excavation operation in this invention.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1. Adjustable bucket body; 2. Positioning module; 3. Guide plate; 4. Waste collection trough. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 6 This invention provides a high-efficiency drainage ditch excavation device based on an adjustable fixed bucket. The excavation device includes:

[0045] Adjustable bucket body 1; The adjustable bucket body 1 achieves size adjustment through a hydraulic system, and the adjustable bucket body 1 has an adjustment range of 0.5 to 2.0m and a depth adjustment range of 0.3 to 1.5m, which can be adapted to different drainage ditch design sizes. By molding the bucket body in one piece, manual finishing and template use are reduced, and construction costs are reduced by more than 20%.

[0046] Positioning module 2 is integrated on the top of the adjustable bucket body 1; positioning module 2 provides real-time feedback of excavation data, and adopts either GPS or laser transmitter, and supports RTK differential positioning with an elevation accuracy of ±1cm.

[0047] Guide plate 3 is located on both sides of the adjustable bucket body 1; the guide plate 3 can ensure the flatness of the trench sidewall.

[0048] The spoil collection trough 4 is connected to the adjustable bucket body 1 and the dump truck via a guiding device; the spoil collection trough 4 and the dump truck are seamlessly connected, enabling direct loading and transportation of spoil, and the spoil collection trough 4 can load 0.3m at a time. 3 The unloading time is ≤5 seconds. The guiding device in the spoil collection trough 4 is either a diversion trough or a conveyor belt system. The diversion trough has a V-shaped structure with an inclination angle of 30°. By setting up a conveyor belt, it can be used for long-distance spoil transportation. The spoil is transported out simultaneously to avoid site accumulation and is suitable for narrow construction environments.

[0049] A method for efficient excavation of drainage ditches, comprising any of the above-mentioned excavation devices, includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Site leveling and surveying: Level the original ground according to the design drawings, survey and set out the plane position and longitudinal slope of the drainage ditch, and mark the lime excavation line.

[0051] Includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 11, Geological Survey: Confirm that the construction area is a clay stratum, the groundwater level is 1.5m below the excavation depth, and there are no large obstacles;

[0053] Step 12, Equipment Selection: Select a 20-ton excavator, equipped with the adjustable fixed bucket of this invention, whose hydraulic system pressure range is 20-25MPa, and the bucket body is welded from Q345B high-strength steel plate.

[0054] Step 13, Benchmark Point Layout: Set up wooden stakes every 5m along the centerline of the drainage ditch, and measure the elevation using a total station, with an allowable deviation of ±1cm;

[0055] Step 14: Excavation line marking: Spray white lime powder along the edge of the trench, with a line width of 5cm. Add directional arrows every 10m for straight sections and every 3m for curved sections.

[0056] Step 2, Bucket Parameter Adjustment: Adjust the bucket width and depth according to the design dimensions, and lock the hydraulic telescopic mechanism.

[0057] Includes the following steps:

[0058] Step 21, Bucket Adjustment: According to the design drawings, activate the hydraulic telescopic mechanism through the control panel in the cab to adjust the width of the bucket side plate and the depth of the bottom scraper, and then fix them with mechanical locks;

[0059] Step 22, Positioning Module Calibration: Install an RTK-GPS module (positioning accuracy ±1cm) on the top of the bucket, connect it to the excavator control system, and input the design longitudinal slope value (0.5% slope) and elevation benchmark data.

[0060] Step 3, Excavation Operation: The excavator travels backward along the lime line, and the excavation elevation is controlled by the GPS / laser positioning module. Real-time measurement and calibration are performed every 2m. During the excavation operation, the elevation accuracy error is ensured to be ≤2cm through dual verification by GPS and manual measurement.

[0061] Excavation work includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 31, Initial Trial Excavation: Excavate a 2m trial section at the starting point, manually check the cross-sectional dimensions and elevation, and proceed with continuous operation after confirming that they match the design.

[0063] Step 32, Dynamic Control: The excavator travels backward along the white line at a speed of 0.5 m / s; GPS transmits the elevation data of the bottom of the bucket to the cab display screen in real time, and the operator adjusts the excavation depth according to the warning prompts (an alarm is triggered when the deviation is ≥2 cm); the excavator pauses every 2 m and uses a level to manually re-measure the elevation of the bottom of the trench (double-person verification), records the data and uploads it to the construction management platform.

[0064] Step 4: Simultaneous transport of excavated soil: Excavated soil is directly loaded into dump trucks through collection troughs to reduce site stockpiling.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] Excavation of drainage ditches under standard soil conditions:

[0067] 1. Construction preparation:

[0068] 1) Geological survey: It was confirmed that the construction area is a clay stratum, the groundwater level is 1.5m below the excavation depth, and there are no large obstacles.

[0069] 2) Equipment selection: A 20-ton excavator is selected, equipped with the adjustable fixed bucket described in this invention, with a hydraulic system pressure range of 20-25MPa, and the bucket body is welded from Q345B high-strength steel plate.

[0070] 2. Device parameter settings:

[0071] 1) Bucket adjustment: According to the design drawings (drainage ditch cross-section dimensions: top width 1.5m, bottom width 0.8m, depth 1.0m), start the hydraulic telescopic mechanism through the cab control panel, adjust the bucket side plate to a width of 1.5m and the bottom scraper to a depth of 1.0m, and fix them with mechanical locks (error ≤ ±5mm).

[0072] 2) Positioning module calibration: Install an RTK-GPS module (positioning accuracy ±1cm) on the top of the bucket, connect it to the excavator control system, and input the design longitudinal slope value (0.5% slope) and elevation benchmark data.

[0073] 3. Surveying and layout, and site preparation:

[0074] 1) Benchmark point layout: Set wooden stakes every 5m along the centerline of the drainage ditch and measure the elevation using a total station, with an allowable deviation of ±1cm.

[0075] 2) Excavation line marking: Spray white lime powder along the edge of the trench, with a line width of 5cm. Add directional arrows every 10m for straight sections and every 3m for curved sections.

[0076] 4. Excavation operation:

[0077] 1) Initial trial excavation: Excavate a 2m trial section at the starting point, manually check the cross-sectional dimensions and elevation, and proceed with continuous operation after confirming that they match the design.

[0078] 2) Dynamic control:

[0079] 21) The excavator moves backward along the lime line at a speed controlled at 0.5 m / s;

[0080] 22) GPS transmits real-time elevation data of the bottom of the bucket to the cab display screen, and the operator adjusts the digging depth according to the warning prompts (an alarm is triggered when the deviation is ≥2cm);

[0081] 23) Pause every 2m of excavation, and manually remeasure the bottom elevation of the trench using a level (double-person verification), record the data and upload it to the construction management platform.

[0082] 3) Waste disposal: The excavator bucket is equipped with a V-shaped waste diversion channel (30° inclination). The waste is directly slid into the cargo box of an 8-ton dump truck parked on the side through the diversion channel. Once the truck is fully loaded, it is immediately transported to the designated waste dumping site.

[0083] 5. Handling of special working conditions:

[0084] 51) Local hard soil layer: If you encounter local hard soil obstruction, switch the bucket to "vibration mode" (hydraulic motor drives the bottom of the bucket to vibrate at a high frequency of 15Hz) to reduce excavation resistance.

[0085] 52) Impact of rainwater: After excavation, the exposed sections should be covered with waterproof tarpaulins in a timely manner to prevent the slope of the trench from collapsing.

[0086] 6. Efficiency Comparison:

[0087] Traditional method: It takes 3 days for manual labor with a regular excavator to complete a 200m drainage ditch (including formwork, trimming, and secondary transportation of excavated soil);

[0088] This plan allows for the completion of 200m of excavation in 8 consecutive hours per day, with excavated soil being transported away simultaneously, without the need for formwork support.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] Adaptive adjustments under strongly weathered rock geological conditions:

[0091] 1. Parameter adjustment:

[0092] 11) Bucket reinforcement: The bucket cutting edge is equipped with detachable alloy teeth (made of YG8 cemented carbide), with a tooth spacing of 15cm, to improve rock breaking ability.

[0093] 12) Hydraulic pressure boost: Increase the system working pressure to 28MPa to enhance the bucket cutting force.

[0094] 2. Construction process optimization:

[0095] 21) Layered excavation: The trench with a designed depth of 1.2m is excavated in two layers. After the first layer is excavated to 0.7m, the rock debris is removed, and then the remaining 0.5m is excavated.

[0096] 22) Dust suppression measures: Install spray nozzles on the top of the spoil diversion channel and use a water pump with a pressure of 0.3 MPa to suppress dust.

[0097] 3. Accuracy guarantee:

[0098] 31) Manual re-measurement is carried out every 1m of excavation. Because the rock strata are prone to cause the bucket to shift, the GPS data acquisition frequency is increased to once per second.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] Continuous construction of variable cross-section drainage ditches:

[0101] 1. Dynamic adjustment application:

[0102] 11) Design requirements: The first 100m section of the drainage ditch shall be rectangular (1.2m wide × 0.8m deep), and the subsequent 50m section shall gradually change to a trapezoidal cross section (1.5m wide at the top, 0.9m wide at the bottom, and 1.0m deep).

[0103] 12) Real-time adjustment: 10m before the transition section, the bucket side plate tilt angle is gradually adjusted through the hydraulic system (from 90° to 75°), and the cross-section data in the GPS parameters is modified simultaneously to achieve seamless switching.

[0104] 2. Effect Verification:

[0105] The cross-sectional dimensions were measured by a laser scanner, and the dimensional error of the transition section was ≤1.5%, which meets the design requirements.

[0106] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A trench high-efficiency excavation device based on an adjustable profiling excavator, characterized in that, The excavation device comprises: an adjustable bucket body (1); a positioning module (2) integrated on the top of the adjustable bucket body (1); a guide plate (3) arranged on both sides of the adjustable bucket body (1); a spoil collecting groove (4) connected with the adjustable bucket body (1) and a self-unloading vehicle through a guide device.

2. The trench high-efficiency excavation device based on the adjustable shaped excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable bucket body (1) is adjusted in size through a hydraulic system, and the adjustable bucket body (1) has an adjustment range of 0.5-2.0 m and a depth adjustment range of 0.3-1.5 m.

3. The trench high-efficiency excavation device based on the adjustable shaped excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning module (2) adopts one of a GPS or a laser emitter, and supports RTK differential positioning with an elevation accuracy of ±1 cm.

4. The trench high-efficiency excavation device based on the adjustable shaped excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spoil collecting groove (4) is seamlessly connected with the self-unloading vehicle, and the spoil collecting groove (4) has a single loading capacity of 0.3 m³ and a soil unloading time of ≤5 seconds.

5. The trench high-efficiency excavation device based on the adjustable shaped excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide device in the spoil collecting groove (4) is selected from a flow guide groove or a conveying belt system, wherein the flow guide groove is a V-shaped structure with an inclination angle of 30°.

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