A mini electric excavator and a heat dissipation regulation method

Abstract

This invention provides a mini electric excavator and a heat dissipation adjustment method, belonging to the technical field of mini electric excavators. It includes: a traveling device, a slewing platform, a cab, a power supply device, a fuel supply device, and an air-cooling device. The slewing platform is rotatably mounted on the traveling device and has a mounting plate on it. The mounting plate includes a first area and a second area. The power supply device and the cab are mounted in the first area, and the fuel supply device is mounted in the second area. The battery pack is mounted between the cab and the slewing platform. The electronic fan of the air-cooling device is arranged adjacent to the battery pack for heat dissipation or heat transfer to the battery pack. This invention achieves a reasonable layout of the mini electric excavator by rationally dividing the slewing platform into areas, and arranges the battery pack in the power supply device and the electronic fan in the air-cooling device adjacent to each other, thus solving the problem of heat dissipation difficulties in mini electric excavators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a mini electric excavator and a heat dissipation regulation method, belonging to the technical field of mini electric excavators. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the electrification of construction machinery has developed rapidly. Compared with traditional fuel-powered excavators, electric excavators have natural advantages in reducing carbon emissions and noise. According to the European market demand, there is a greater demand for mini electric excavators with low-voltage platforms. However, due to size and structural limitations, small-tonnage electric excavators (1.5t-3.5t) have very small distances between electrical and hydraulic components. In particular, electric excavators with a total weight of less than 3t and equipped with low-voltage platforms for electric swing and electric travel not only face difficulties in equipment layout but also have poor heat dissipation performance. The excessively high temperature environment inside the machine seriously affects the performance and lifespan of components such as batteries, motors, and electronic controls, and also poses certain safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a mini electric excavator and a heat dissipation regulation method, which solves the problems of difficult layout and poor heat dissipation performance of existing mini electric excavators.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mini electric excavator, comprising: a traveling device, a slewing platform, a cab, a power supply device, a fuel supply device, and an air-cooled heat dissipation device.

[0006] The slewing platform is rotatably mounted above the traveling device, and a mounting plate for mounting equipment is provided on it; the mounting plate includes: a first area where the cab is located and a second area on one side of the cab; the power supply device is installed in the first area for supplying power to the traveling device and the slewing platform; the oil supply device is installed in the second area for outputting hydraulic oil; the air-cooled heat dissipation device includes: a cooling core and an electric fan; the cooling core is connected to the oil supply pipeline of the oil supply device; the electric fan is connected to the cooling core; wherein, the first area includes: a first partition located between the cab and the slewing platform; the battery pack in the power supply device is installed in the first partition; the electric fan of the air-cooled heat dissipation device is arranged adjacent to the battery pack for dissipating or supplying heat to the battery pack.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes: a vehicle controller; the air-cooled heat dissipation device further includes: a temperature sensor for acquiring the temperature of the hydraulic oil; the vehicle controller is connected to the temperature sensor and the electric fan respectively, and is used to adjust the speed of the electric fan according to the temperature of the hydraulic oil.

[0008] Furthermore, the first area also includes a second partition located on one side of the driver's cab door; the power supply device also includes a battery distribution unit (PDU), a DC-DC power converter, an on-board charger, a starter battery, fast and slow charging interfaces, and a main power switch; the battery distribution unit (PDU) is located above the battery pack; the on-board charger is located on the side of the battery pack near the air-cooling device; the DC-DC power converter is located on the side of the battery pack near the second partition; and the starter battery, fast and slow charging interfaces, and main power switch are located in the second partition.

[0009] Furthermore, the oil supply device includes: a hydraulic oil tank, an electric motor, and a hydraulic pump;

[0010] The electric motor is adjacent to the battery pack and installed below the air-cooled heat dissipation device, and is used to drive the hydraulic pump.

[0011] The hydraulic pump is installed between the electric motor and the hydraulic oil tank, and is used to drive the hydraulic oil to flow from the hydraulic oil tank to the oil supply pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes: an electric motor controller, an electric rotary controller, and a heating and cooling air conditioner for regulating the internal temperature of the cab; the electric motor controller and the electric rotary controller are located above the hydraulic pump; the condenser of the heating and cooling air conditioner is located above the cab; and the compressor of the heating and cooling air conditioner is installed on one side of the hydraulic oil tank.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes: an upper housing, which is mounted on the mounting plate and together with the mounting plate forms a first installation space to accommodate the power supply device, the oil supply device and the air-cooled heat dissipation device; a first ventilation hole is provided on the rotating platform; and a second ventilation hole is provided on the upper housing facing the electronic fan, so that an air duct is formed in the first installation space.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes: an electric walking controller and a cooling fan for dissipating heat; the electric walking controller and the cooling fan are disposed within the second installation space formed by the rotary platform and the walking device.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for regulating the heat dissipation of a mini electric excavator based on the mini electric excavator described in the first aspect, comprising: obtaining the temperature of hydraulic oil; and adjusting the speed of the electric fan in accordance with a preset correspondence between the hydraulic oil temperature and the speed of the electric fan.

[0016] Furthermore, the method also includes: acquiring the current ambient temperature at the location of the mini electric excavator; adjusting the rotation direction of the electric fan in response to the current ambient temperature not being greater than a preset ambient temperature threshold and the hydraulic oil temperature reaching a preset oil temperature threshold, so that the electric fan delivers heat to the battery pack; adjusting the rotation direction of the electric fan in response to the current ambient temperature being greater than the ambient temperature threshold or the hydraulic oil temperature being less than the oil temperature threshold, so that the electric fan dissipates heat from the battery pack; wherein the ambient temperature threshold is less than the oil temperature threshold.

[0017] Furthermore, the ambient temperature threshold is 5°C, and the oil temperature threshold is 50°C.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0019] (1) The mini electric excavator provided by the present invention achieves the overall layout of the mini electric excavator by reasonably dividing the area on the rotary table, which solves the problem of layout difficulty caused by the small space size of the mini electric excavator. At the same time, the battery pack in the power supply device and the electronic fan in the air-cooling heat dissipation device are arranged adjacent to each other. Not only can the cooling core in the air-cooling heat dissipation device dissipate heat for the hydraulic oil, but the electronic fan in the air-cooling heat dissipation device can also dissipate heat for the battery pack or blow the heat generated by the hydraulic oil to the battery pack to provide heat, so as to solve the problem of heat dissipation difficulty of the mini electric excavator.

[0020] (2) The heat dissipation adjustment method for mini electric excavators provided by the present invention can adjust the heat dissipation power of the electronic fan in the air-cooled radiator according to the real-time temperature of the hydraulic oil, keep the hydraulic oil temperature within a certain temperature range, and avoid the internal temperature of the whole machine being too high due to poor heat dissipation performance; it can also change the blowing direction of the electronic fan according to the ambient temperature. In high temperature environment, the electronic fan is controlled to dissipate heat for the battery pack to prevent the battery pack temperature from being too high and causing failure. In low temperature environment, the electronic fan is controlled to deliver heat to the battery pack to prevent the battery pack temperature from being too low and affecting the output power. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first region in this invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first partition and the second region in this invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a right view of the second region in this invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electric walking control within the second installation space in this invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second installation space in this invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a top view of the second installation space in this invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is an overview diagram of the first installation space and the second installation space in this invention;

[0028] In the diagram: 1-Cockpit, 2-Slewing platform, 3-Starter battery, 4-Main power switch, 5-Fast and slow charging interface, 6-DC-DC power converter, 7-Battery pack, 8-Battery distribution unit, 9-Motor, 10-On-board charger, 11-Air-cooled heat dissipation device, 12-Hydraulic pump, 13-Motor controller, 14-Electric slewing controller, 15-Hydraulic oil tank, 16-Electric travel controller, 17-Electric slip ring, 18-Travel device. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus. The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Example 1

[0030] refer to Figure 1-4 This embodiment provides a mini electric excavator, including: a walking device 18, a slewing platform 2, a cab 1, a power supply device, a fuel supply device, and an air-cooled heat dissipation device 11.

[0031] Specifically, the slewing platform 2 is rotatably mounted above the traveling device 18 via an electric slip ring 17. To facilitate equipment installation, a mounting plate is provided on the slewing platform 2. The mounting plate includes two installation areas: the side where the cab 1 is installed is the first area, and the other side is the second area.

[0032] The power supply device is installed in the first area to supply power to the traveling device 18 and the rotating platform 2; the oil supply device is installed in the second area to output hydraulic oil.

[0033] The air-cooled heat dissipation device 11 includes a cooling core and an electric fan. The cooling core is connected to the oil supply line of the oil supply device to dissipate heat from the hydraulic oil. The electric fan is connected to the cooling core; when the hydraulic oil flows through the cooling core, the electric fan carries away excess heat, thereby lowering the temperature of the hydraulic oil.

[0034] Due to the special structure of the cab 1, there is some space below it. Therefore, the first area for installing the power supply device also includes two parts: a first section located between the cab 1 and the slewing platform 2, and a second section located on the side of the cab 1 door.

[0035] The power supply unit includes: a battery pack 7, a battery distribution unit 8, a DC-DC power converter 6, an on-board charger 10, a starter battery 3, a main power switch 4, and fast and slow charging interfaces 5.

[0036] All power supply equipment is arranged in the first area, with the following specific layout: Battery pack 7 is installed in the first partition between cab 1 and slewing platform 2; Battery distribution unit 8 is located above battery pack 7, with its port facing outwards, and the high-voltage wiring harness of the whole machine is located on the outside for easy fault diagnosis and maintenance.

[0037] For ease of driver operation, the starter battery 3, main power switch 4, and fast / slow charging ports 5 are located in the second compartment on one side of the driver's cab 1 door. The DC-DC power converter 6 is fixed to a bracket on the battery pack 7 near the second compartment. The on-board charger 10 is located on the battery pack 7 near the air-cooling device 11.

[0038] The oil supply device includes a hydraulic oil tank 15, an electric motor 9, and a hydraulic pump 12, all arranged in the second area. The specific layout is as follows: the electric motor 9 is arranged adjacent to the battery pack 7 of the power supply device, and the hydraulic pump 12 is installed between the electric motor 9 and the hydraulic oil tank 15. The electric motor 9 drives the hydraulic pump 12; the hydraulic pump 12 drives hydraulic oil to flow from the hydraulic oil tank 15 to the oil supply pipeline.

[0039] It should be noted that the air-cooled heat dissipation device 11 is arranged above the motor 9, and the electric fan therein is arranged opposite to the battery pack 7 to dissipate or deliver heat to the battery pack 7.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, the electronic fan is a suction fan.

[0041] The mini electric excavator provided by the present invention arranges the battery pack 7, battery distribution unit 8, on-board charger 10 and DC-DC power converter 6 at the rear of the vehicle, so that the center of gravity of the whole machine is shifted to the rear, providing the stability of the whole machine, reducing the counterweight weight, and saving costs.

[0042] In some embodiments, the air-cooled heat dissipation device 11 further includes: a temperature sensor for acquiring the temperature of the hydraulic oil; the temperature sensor and the electric fan are respectively connected to the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller can adjust the speed of the electric fan according to the temperature of the hydraulic oil to achieve real-time control of the heat dissipation power.

[0043] In some embodiments, for dust and rain protection, an upper housing is also installed on the mounting plate. The upper housing and the mounting plate together form a first mounting space, where the power supply device, oil supply device, and air-cooled heat dissipation device 11 are all located. To create an airflow channel within the first mounting space when the electric fan is working, a first ventilation hole is provided on the rotary platform 2; simultaneously, a second ventilation hole is provided on the upper housing directly opposite the electric fan.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, ventilation holes can be provided on the sides of the upper housing for better heat dissipation. Additionally, access doors can be provided on the sides of the upper housing for easy inspection and maintenance. Example 2

[0045] Based on Example 1, this example provides a more comprehensive layout for a mini electric excavator.

[0046] refer to Figure 3-7 The mini electric excavator also includes: an electric motor controller 13, an electric swing controller 14, a heating and cooling air conditioner, an electric travel controller 16, and an independent fan for cooling the electric travel controller 16.

[0047] The electric motor controller 13 and the electric rotary controller 14 are positioned above the hydraulic pump 12 within the first mounting space.

[0048] The air conditioning unit is used to regulate the temperature inside the cab. The condenser of the air conditioning unit is located above the cab 1. The compressor of the air conditioning unit is installed on one side of the hydraulic oil tank 15 in the first installation space.

[0049] The slewing platform 2 and the traveling device 18 together form a second installation space. The electric traveling controller 16 and the independent fan are set in the second installation space. In order to form an air duct in the second installation space, an air outlet is set on the opposite side of the independent fan, and an air inlet is set on the underframe.

[0050] In some specific embodiments, the underframe is equipped with a detachable air intake panel.

[0051] The electric walking controller 16 adopts parallel control, and the walking device 18, the electric slip ring 17 and the electric walking controller 16 are connected by wires. Example 3

[0052] This embodiment provides a heat dissipation adjustment method for a mini electric excavator based on Embodiment 1 or 2, which is implemented by the vehicle controller.

[0053] The method includes: obtaining the temperature of the hydraulic oil; and adjusting the speed of the electronic fan based on a preset relationship between the hydraulic oil temperature and the speed of the electronic fan.

[0054] In order to keep the hydraulic oil temperature within a preset range, the vehicle controller obtains the temperature value of the temperature sensor in the air-cooled heat dissipation device 11 in real time. The higher the temperature value, the faster the speed of the electric fan is controlled until the temperature value drops to the preset range.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, the direction of the electric fan can also be adjusted according to the ambient temperature of different seasons. Specifically: the current ambient temperature at the location of the mini electric excavator is obtained; in response to the current ambient temperature not exceeding a preset ambient temperature threshold and the hydraulic oil temperature reaching a preset oil temperature threshold, the rotation direction of the electric fan is adjusted so that the electric fan supplies heat to the battery pack; in response to the current ambient temperature exceeding the ambient temperature threshold or the hydraulic oil temperature falling below the oil temperature threshold, the rotation direction of the electric fan is adjusted so that the electric fan dissipates heat from the battery pack. The ambient temperature threshold is lower than the oil temperature threshold.

[0056] In some specific embodiments, the ambient temperature threshold is 5°C and the oil temperature threshold is 50°C.

[0057] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A mini electric excavator, characterized in that, include: Walking device, slewing platform, driver's cab, power supply device, fuel supply device, and air-cooled heat dissipation device; The rotary platform is rotatably mounted above the traveling device, and a mounting plate for mounting equipment is provided on it; The mounting plate includes: a first area where the cab is located and a second area on one side of the cab; The power supply device is installed in the first area and is used to supply power to the walking device and the rotary platform; The oil supply device is installed in the second area and is used to output hydraulic oil. The air-cooled heat dissipation device includes: a cooling core, a temperature sensor, and an electric fan; the cooling core is connected to the oil supply pipeline of the oil supply device; the temperature sensor acquires the temperature of the hydraulic oil in the oil supply pipeline; the electric fan is connected to the cooling core; The first area includes: a first partition located between the driver's cab and the slewing platform; The battery pack in the power supply device is installed in the first partition; The electronic fan of the air-cooled heat dissipation device is arranged adjacent to the battery pack and is used to dissipate or supply heat to the battery pack. It also includes: a vehicle controller; the vehicle controller is connected to the temperature sensor and the electric fan respectively, and is used to adjust the speed of the electric fan according to the temperature of the hydraulic oil; The vehicle controller is configured to: adjust the rotation direction of the electric fan in response to the current ambient temperature not exceeding a preset ambient temperature threshold and the hydraulic oil temperature reaching a preset oil temperature threshold, so that the electric fan delivers heat to the battery pack; and adjust the rotation direction of the electric fan in response to the current ambient temperature exceeding the ambient temperature threshold or the hydraulic oil temperature being lower than the oil temperature threshold, so that the electric fan dissipates heat from the battery pack.

2. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first area also includes: a second partition located on one side of the driver's cab door; The power supply device also includes: a battery distribution unit (PDU), a DC-DC power converter, an on-board charger, a starter battery, fast and slow charging interfaces, and a main power switch; The battery distribution unit (PDU) is located above the battery pack; the on-board charger is located on the side of the battery pack near the air-cooling device. The DC-DC power converter is located on the side of the battery pack closest to the second partition, while the starter battery, fast and slow charging interfaces, and main power switch are located in the second partition.

3. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil supply device includes: a hydraulic oil tank, an electric motor, and a hydraulic pump; The electric motor is adjacent to the battery pack and installed below the air-cooled heat dissipation device, and is used to drive the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump is installed between the electric motor and the hydraulic oil tank, and is used to drive the hydraulic oil to flow from the hydraulic oil tank to the oil supply pipeline.

4. The mini electric excavator according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Electric motor controller, electric rotary controller, and air conditioning system for regulating the temperature inside the cab; The electric motor controller and the electric rotary controller are located above the hydraulic pump; The condenser of the air conditioner is located above the driver's cab; The compressor of the air conditioner is installed on one side of the hydraulic oil tank.

5. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The upper housing is mounted on the mounting plate and together with the mounting plate forms a first mounting space to accommodate the power supply device, the oil supply device and the air-cooled heat dissipation device; The rotating platform is provided with a first ventilation hole; the upper housing is provided with a second ventilation hole facing the electric fan, so as to form an air duct in the first installation space.

6. The mini electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: an electric walking controller and a cooling fan for heat dissipation; The electric walking controller and the cooling fan are installed in the second installation space formed by the rotary platform and the walking device.

7. A method for regulating the heat dissipation of a mini electric excavator based on any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: Obtain the temperature of the hydraulic oil; Adjust the speed of the electric fan based on the preset relationship between hydraulic oil temperature and electric fan speed; Obtain the current ambient temperature at the location of the mini electric excavator; In response to the current ambient temperature not exceeding the preset ambient temperature threshold and the hydraulic oil temperature reaching the preset oil temperature threshold, the rotation direction of the electric fan is adjusted so that the electric fan can deliver heat to the battery pack. In response to the current ambient temperature being greater than the ambient temperature threshold or the hydraulic oil temperature being less than the oil temperature threshold, the rotation direction of the electric fan is adjusted so that the electric fan dissipates heat from the battery pack. Wherein, the ambient temperature threshold is less than the oil temperature threshold.

8. The heat dissipation regulation method for a mini electric excavator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ambient temperature threshold is 5°C, and the oil temperature threshold is 50°C.

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