Drilling perpendicularity regulation and control mechanism, drilling machine and drilling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling perpendicularity regulation and control mechanism which comprises an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, the sleeve diameters of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve can be adjusted respectively, and the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are connected through a first telescopic cylinder in the radial direction. When the diameter of the inner sleeve is in a contraction state, the inner sleeve can be hooped on a drill rod; when the diameter of the outer sleeve is in an enlarged state, the outer sleeve can abut against the inner wall of an external pile hole. The invention discloses a drilling machine which comprises a drill rod and a drill bit arranged at the bottom end of the drill rod, and the drill rod is sleeved with a drill hole perpendicularity regulation and control mechanism. The invention discloses a drilling method, which uses the drilling machine and comprises the following steps of: sleeving the drilling perpendicularity regulating and controlling mechanism on a drilling rod, and shrinking the inner sleeve to be fixed with the drilling rod; after the drilling perpendicularity regulation and control mechanism enters the external pile hole along with the drill rod, the outer sleeve is expanded to abut against the inner wall of the external pile hole; and the inner sleeve is expanded to a preset sleeve diameter. The drilling perpendicularity can be guaranteed, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering equipment, and in particular relates to a drilling verticality control mechanism, a drilling rig and a drilling method. Background Art

[0002] As an important structural form of deep foundation, pile foundation plays a key bearing role in engineering fields such as construction engineering and bridge engineering. The verticality of the pile hole directly determines the load transfer efficiency between the pile foundation and the stratum. When the verticality deviation exceeds the allowable range, it will not only weaken the vertical bearing performance of the pile body, but may also cause safety hazards such as eccentric compression of the pile body and structural stress concentration.

[0003] Existing drilling technology usually uses rigid limit devices such as guide frame constraints and hydraulic stabilizing arms to mechanically constrain the movement trajectory of the drill rod, and maintain the hole axis by limiting the lateral displacement of the drill rod. This type of technical solution can effectively suppress the random swing of the drill rod under homogeneous formation conditions and control the verticality of the hole within the allowable range of conventional engineering.

[0004] However, engineering practice shows that when the drill rod is operating in a complex stratum, the amplitude of the drill rod has a great influence on the verticality of the pile hole, and its vibration amplitude has a dynamic coupling relationship with the stratum stiffness and the penetration resistance of the drill bit. In soft soil strata, excessive amplitude will aggravate the disturbance of the hole wall, while insufficient amplitude will cause the drill bit to get stuck when drilling in rock strata. Due to the lack of dynamic amplitude adjustment capability, the existing rigid constraint device cannot adjust the constraint range according to the real-time drilling conditions. When encountering a sudden change in the soft and hard strata, it can neither release the reasonable vibration energy of the drill rod by increasing the constraint gap, nor can it increase the constraint strength in time when the vibration exceeds the standard. This mismatch between mechanical constraints and dynamic working conditions leads to a significant reduction in the control effect of the verticality of the hole under complex geological conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a drilling verticality control mechanism that can adjust the constraint range of the drilling rig amplitude at any time during the drilling process and adjust the drilling rig propulsion direction at any time to ensure the verticality of the borehole under complex geological conditions and in view of the complexity and instability of the rock stratum structure itself. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and defects mentioned in the above background technology and provide a drilling verticality control mechanism, a drilling rig and a drilling method which can adjust the constraint range of the drilling rig amplitude at any time during the drilling process and adjust the drilling rig propulsion direction at any time to ensure the verticality of the borehole.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: A drilling verticality control mechanism comprises an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve whose diameters can be adjusted respectively, wherein the inner sleeve is connected to the outer sleeve in a radial direction via a first telescopic cylinder; when the diameter of the inner sleeve is in a contracted state, it can be clamped on a drill rod; when the diameter of the outer sleeve is in an expanded state, it can be supported on the inner wall of an external pile hole.

[0007] In the above-mentioned drilling verticality control mechanism, preferably, the inner sleeve includes at least three inner cylinder petals distributed along the annular direction, and the adjacent inner cylinder petals are connected via a second telescopic cylinder; under the drive of the second telescopic cylinder, the diameter of the inner sleeve changes. This setting is driven by the second telescopic cylinder, and the inner sleeve can be retracted and clamped on the drill rod to adapt to drill rods of different sizes, with strong adaptability, and the inner sleeve can also expand and detach from the connection with the drill rod, and can constrain the amplitude of the drill rod when the drill rod is working. At the same time, according to different geological conditions and drilling depths encountered during the drilling process, the diameter of the inner sleeve can be dynamically adjusted to reasonably constrain the amplitude of the drill rod; in addition, at least three inner cylinder petals distributed along the annular direction can constrain the drill rod in multiple directions, effectively limit the radial vibration of the drill rod, and improve the ability to control the amplitude of the drill rod.

[0008] In the above-mentioned drilling verticality control mechanism, preferably, the outer sleeve includes at least three outer sleeve petals distributed along the annular direction, and the adjacent outer sleeve petals are connected via a third telescopic cylinder; under the drive of the third telescopic cylinder, the diameter of the outer sleeve changes. This arrangement is driven by the third telescopic cylinder, and the diameter of the outer sleeve can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to pile holes with different inner diameters, so that the outer sleeve can stably support the inner wall of the external pile hole. In addition, at least three outer sleeve petals are evenly distributed along the annular direction and support the inner wall of the pile hole, which can fully contact the hole wall to form a stable support structure.

[0009] In the above-mentioned drilling verticality control mechanism, preferably, the number of the inner cylinder petals is the same as that of the outer cylinder petals, and the first telescopic cylinder is respectively connected to the corresponding inner cylinder petals and outer cylinder petals. In this arrangement, the inner cylinder petals and the outer cylinder petals are connected through the first telescopic cylinder, and the three work together. The first telescopic cylinder can provide a stable supporting force for the inner cylinder petals through the outer cylinder petals, so that the inner cylinder petals can effectively and stably restrain the vibration amplitude of the drill rod. When the verticality of the drill rod is offset, the first telescopic cylinder can quickly adjust the position of the inner cylinder petals, so that the inner cylinder petals on the offset side can timely resist the drill rod, correct its offset direction, and ensure the verticality of the drilling hole.

[0010] In the above-mentioned drilling verticality control mechanism, preferably, the outer wall of the outer tube valve is provided with a plurality of convex points for increasing the friction with the inner wall of the external pile hole. This arrangement makes the distribution of the contact points more dispersed and irregular during the contact with the hole wall, increasing the actual contact area. When the device and other objects have a relative motion tendency, the convex points will form more microscopic bites with the contact surface, generating more adhesive friction, which can better adapt to the unevenness of the inner wall of the pile hole or changes in geological conditions, and enhance the support stability of the outer tube valve.

[0011] As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a drilling machine, including a drill rod and a drill bit arranged at the bottom end thereof, wherein the drill rod is provided with the drilling verticality control mechanism. By providing the drilling verticality control mechanism on the drill rod, under complex geological conditions, the constraint range of the drill rod amplitude can be adjusted at any time during the drilling process, and the propulsion direction of the drill rod can be adjusted at any time, the vibration and deviation of the drill rod can be accurately controlled, the stability of the construction can be enhanced, and the verticality of the drilling hole can be significantly improved.

[0012] As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a drilling method, using the drilling machine, and comprising the following steps: Step S1, mounting the drilling verticality control mechanism on the drill rod; Step S2, the inner sleeve is contracted to be fixed to the drill pipe; Step S3, when the drilling verticality control mechanism follows the drill rod into the external pile hole, the outer sleeve expands to support the inner wall of the external pile hole; Step S4, the inner sleeve is expanded to a preset diameter.

[0013] In the above drilling method, preferably, the step S4 further comprises: Step S41, determining the type of rock formation where the drill bit is located; Step S42: the inner sleeve is expanded to a preset diameter according to the rock formation type.

[0014] In the above drilling method, preferably, step S5 is further included, namely, deviation correction, wherein step S5 includes: S51, monitoring the verticality of the borehole; S52, when the verticality of the drill pipe exceeds the threshold range, the first telescopic cylinder on the same side of the offset direction is extended, the first telescopic cylinder on the opposite side is contracted, and the inner sleeve moves along the opposite side of the offset direction to apply a corrective force to the drill pipe; S53, after the verticality of the drill pipe is restored to the threshold range, the first telescopic cylinder is reset to keep the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve coaxial.

[0015] In the above drilling method, preferably, it further comprises step S6, retrieving the drilling verticality regulating mechanism, and the step S6 comprises: S61, stop drilling; S62, the inner sleeve is retracted until it can be clamped on the drill pipe; S63, the outer sleeve shrinks and separates from the inner wall of the outer pile hole; S64, after the outer sleeve is fully retracted, the drilling verticality control mechanism is pulled out of the hole along with the drill rod.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: Through the synergistic effect of the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the first telescopic cylinder, the outer sleeve can effectively adapt to complex rock conditions under complex geological conditions and provide stable support. The inner sleeve can adjust the constraint range of the drill rod amplitude at any time during the drilling process, and adjust the propulsion direction of the drill rod at any time through the first telescopic cylinder, accurately control the vibration amplitude and offset position of the drill rod, enhance the stability of construction, ensure the verticality of the borehole, improve the quality and efficiency of drilling, reduce the difficulty and risk of construction, significantly improve the construction efficiency, and at the same time reduce the rework caused by borehole offset and reduce the construction cost. The present invention is of great significance in engineering applications and provides a more reliable and efficient solution for vertical rock drilling operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the drilling verticality adjustment mechanism, the drill rod and the drill bit of the embodiment; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drilling verticality control mechanism of the embodiment.

[0019] Legend 1. Inner sleeve; 11. Inner cylinder flap; 12. Second telescopic cylinder; 2. Outer sleeve; 21. Outer cylinder flap; 22. Third telescopic cylinder; 23. Bump; 3. First telescopic cylinder; 4. Drill rod; 5. Drill bit; 6. Power unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively and meticulously below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0021] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed, fixed, connected or connected to" another element, it can be directly fixed, fixed, connected or connected to the other element, or it can be indirectly fixed, fixed, connected or connected to the other element through other intermediate connectors.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all the professional terms used below have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0024] Example: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the drilling verticality control mechanism of this embodiment includes an inner sleeve 1 and an outer sleeve 2 whose diameters can be adjusted respectively, and the inner sleeve 1 is connected to the outer sleeve 2 in the radial direction via a first telescopic cylinder 3; when the diameter of the inner sleeve 1 is in a contracted state, it can be clamped on the drill rod 4; when the diameter of the outer sleeve 2 is in an expanded state, it can be supported on the inner wall of the external pile hole.

[0025] In this embodiment, the inner sleeve 1 includes at least three inner sleeve petals 11 distributed along the circumferential direction, and adjacent inner sleeve petals 11 are connected via a second telescopic cylinder 12; driven by the second telescopic cylinder 12, the diameter of the inner sleeve 1 changes.

[0026] In this embodiment, the outer sleeve 2 includes at least three outer sleeve petals 21 distributed along the circumferential direction, and adjacent outer sleeve petals 21 are connected via a third telescopic cylinder 22; driven by the third telescopic cylinder 22, the diameter of the outer sleeve 2 changes.

[0027] In this embodiment, the number of the inner cylinder petals 11 and the outer cylinder petals 21 is the same, and the first telescopic cylinder 3 is connected to the corresponding inner cylinder petals 11 and the outer cylinder petals 21 respectively.

[0028] In this embodiment, the outer wall of the outer tube petal 21 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 23 for increasing the friction force with the inner wall of the outer pile hole.

[0029] In this embodiment, the number of inner cylinder petals 11 and outer cylinder petals 21 can be set to four, and the cross-section of the inner cylinder petals 11 and outer cylinder petals 21 is set to be arc-shaped. The adjacent inner cylinder petals 11 and outer cylinder petals 21 are respectively hinged by the second telescopic cylinder 12 and the third telescopic cylinder 22. When the four inner cylinder petals 11 are closed, an annular clamp structure that fits the outer wall of the drill pipe 4 is formed. When the four outer cylinder petals 21 are expanded, an annular support structure that fits the inner wall of the pile hole is formed. The circumferential force is more uniform, which improves the stability of the clamp and support. The second telescopic cylinder 12 and the third telescopic cylinder 22 are both set as linear hydraulic cylinders. Of course, in other embodiments, they can also be set as arc-shaped telescopic cylinders. The second telescopic cylinder 12 and the third telescopic cylinder 22 are designed in an arc shape, and their curvature matches the arc profile of the inner cylinder petals 11 / outer cylinder petals 21. Through the arc-shaped driving path, the expansion / contraction trajectory of the inner cylinder petals 11 and the outer cylinder petals 21 is more in line with the preset path, thereby improving the stability of the clamp and support. The second telescopic cylinder 12 and the third telescopic cylinder 22 can be provided with multiple layers (can be two layers) along the axial direction to further improve the stability of the overall structure.

[0030] In this embodiment, several acoustic wave auxiliary devices and several infrared positioning devices can be provided at the lower end of the outer cylinder valve 21. The acoustic wave auxiliary device can make the drill bit 5 generate high-frequency vibration during drilling, which can reduce the strength of the rock and have a certain compaction effect on the rock and soil around the hole wall. At the same time, during the drilling process, the situation inside the borehole can be obtained in real time. By monitoring the changes in these parameters of the acoustic wave, the type of stratum and the physical properties of the rock (such as elastic modulus, porosity, etc.) can be inferred, providing important data for the drilling of the drill rig. The infrared positioning device, whose principle is similar to the triangle positioning method, emits infrared rays, and after encountering an object, it is reflected to the receiver, and an offset value will be obtained. Through the geometric triangle relationship, the distance of the object can be calculated. During the drilling process, the infrared positioning device tracks the position of the drill bit 5 in real time. When the drilling rig is affected by factors such as uneven strata and mechanical vibration, resulting in a change in the drilling direction, the infrared positioning device can quickly detect and issue an alarm. The operator can accurately correct the angle and propulsion direction of the drill rig based on the deviation information provided by the infrared positioning device to ensure that the drill bit 5 can move along the preset drilling path.

[0031] In this embodiment, the drilling verticality control mechanism further includes a power device 6 disposed at the upper ends of the inner sleeve 1 and the outer sleeve 2. The power device 6 is connected to the inner cylinder petal 11 or the outer cylinder petal 21 through a telescopic connection.

[0032] In this embodiment, the power device 6 is a hydraulic device, including a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, and a control valve, etc., which work together. At the same time, the hydraulic oil level and quality of the hydraulic device should be checked regularly. If the hydraulic oil is contaminated or deteriorated, it should be replaced in time. Check the working status of each component, and repair or replace it in time if any problem is found, to ensure that the device can work normally in subsequent construction. In other embodiments, the power device 6 can be an electric drive device, etc.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first telescopic cylinder 3, the second telescopic cylinder 12 and the third telescopic cylinder 22 can be hydraulic telescopic cylinders. The first telescopic cylinder 3 includes a radial hydraulic chamber provided in the outer sleeve 2, and a radial hydraulic rod provided in the radial hydraulic chamber, and the outer end of the radial hydraulic rod is connected to the inner sleeve 1; the second telescopic cylinder 12 includes an inner cylinder hydraulic chamber provided in the inner sleeve 1, and an inner cylinder annular hydraulic rod provided in the inner cylinder hydraulic chamber, and is connected to the hydraulic device through an inner cylinder hydraulic pipe; the third telescopic cylinder 22 includes an outer cylinder hydraulic chamber provided in the outer sleeve 2, and an outer cylinder annular hydraulic rod provided in the outer cylinder hydraulic chamber, and is connected to the hydraulic device through an outer cylinder hydraulic pipe.

[0034] In the present embodiment, specifically, the radial hydraulic rods of the first telescopic cylinder 3 extend radially at the same time, which can generate thrust, limit the movement of the inner sleeve 1, provide a supporting force for the inner sleeve 1, ensure the position stability of the inner sleeve 1 during operation, and accurately constrain the amplitude range of the drill rod 4. At the same time, when the verticality of the drilling rig deviates greatly to one side during drilling, the pressure on the deviated side is increased, and the outer wall of the inner sleeve 1 on the deviated side is pushed by the radial hydraulic rod, so that the inner sleeve 1 on the deviated side can push the drill rod 4 back to its original position. After correction, the radial hydraulic rod on the deviated side is stopped from being pressurized. The inner cylinder hydraulic chamber of the second telescopic cylinder 12 transmits energy through the pressure of the liquid to drive the actuator of the hydraulic equipment to work. The inner cylinder annular hydraulic rod, the outer end of which is connected to the adjacent inner cylinder petal 11. When the inner cylinder hydraulic chamber is subjected to pressure, an annular thrust is generated thereto, thereby causing the inner The annular hydraulic rod extends in all directions, thereby constraining the amplitude of the drill rod 4; the outer cylinder hydraulic chamber of the third telescopic cylinder 22 transmits energy through the pressure of the liquid to drive the actuator of the hydraulic equipment to work. The outer cylinder hydraulic pipe is used to connect the hydraulic device and transport hydraulic oil. The outer cylinder annular hydraulic rod has an outer end connected to the adjacent outer cylinder petal 21. When the hydraulic piston is subjected to the pressure of the hydraulic oil, the outer cylinder annular hydraulic rod of the adjacent outer cylinder petal 21 will extend outward in the circumferential direction, so that the entire outer sleeve 2 is firmly placed on the hole wall. The uniform force generated by this extension can make the outer wall of the outer sleeve 2 tightly adhere to and fix on the rock wall of the borehole through surface contact, forming a stable and reliable fixing effect, realizing a reliable connection between the regulating mechanism and the rock wall, and ensuring the stability and safety of the entire regulating mechanism during the drilling operation.

[0035] The drilling machine of this embodiment includes a drill rod 4 and a drill bit 5 arranged at the bottom end thereof. The drill rod 4 is provided with a drilling verticality regulating mechanism.

[0036] In this embodiment, the drill bit 5 can be a barrel drill bit. The drill bit 5 rotates at a high speed under the powerful drive of the drill rod 4. The cutting edge of the drill bit 5 is made of high-strength alloy material. After a special heat treatment process, it has extremely high hardness and wear resistance and can easily cut into hard rock layers. A sensor can be installed above the drill bit 5. During the drilling process, the drill bit 5 may be difficult to control the accuracy of the drilled hole diameter due to factors such as formation unevenness and swing of the drill bit 5, or the lateral pressure in the formation is large, resulting in excessive friction on the side hole wall of the drill bit 5, causing side wear. The drilling speed of the drill bit 5 in soft rock is usually fast, its hardness is low, and its compressive strength and shear strength are relatively small, so the cutting edge can cut into the rock more stably; the drilling speed of the drill bit 5 in hard rock is slow, its hardness and strength are high, and a greater cutting force is required to cut into the rock, and the stability is poor, which may cause a slight deviation of the borehole. The sensor feedback data, the control system starts the automatic adjustment mechanism, and the slight deviation of the drill bit 5 is corrected by adjusting the angle and propulsion direction of the drill rod 4.

[0037] The drilling method of this embodiment uses the above-mentioned drilling machine and includes the following steps: Step S1, sleeve the drilling verticality control mechanism onto the drill rod 4; Step S2, the inner sleeve 1 is contracted to be fixed to the drill rod 4; Step S3, when the drilling verticality control mechanism follows the drill rod 4 into the external pile hole, the outer sleeve 2 expands to bear against the inner wall of the external pile hole; Step S4, the inner sleeve 1 is expanded to a preset diameter.

[0038] In this embodiment, step S4 further includes: Step S41, determining the type of rock formation where the drill bit 5 is located; Step S42, the inner sleeve 1 is expanded to a preset diameter according to the rock formation type.

[0039] In this embodiment, step S5 is further included, namely, deviation correction, wherein step S5 includes: S51, monitoring the verticality of the borehole; S52, when the verticality of the drill rod 4 exceeds the threshold range, the first telescopic cylinder 3 on the same side of the offset direction is extended, the first telescopic cylinder 3 on the opposite side is contracted, and the inner sleeve 1 moves along the opposite side of the offset direction to apply a corrective force to the drill rod 4; S53, after the verticality of the drill rod 4 is restored to the threshold range, the first telescopic cylinder 3 is reset to keep the inner sleeve 1 and the outer sleeve 2 in a coaxial state.

[0040] In this embodiment, step S6 is further included, wherein the drilling verticality regulating mechanism is recovered, and step S6 includes: S61, stop drilling; S62, the inner sleeve 1 is retracted until it can be clamped on the drill pipe 4; S63, the outer sleeve 2 shrinks and separates from the inner wall of the external pile hole; S64, after the outer sleeve 2 is completely retracted, the drilling verticality regulating mechanism follows the drill rod 4 and is pulled out of the hole.

[0041] In this embodiment, the specific construction method is that before construction, the drilling position should be determined according to the engineering design requirements. At the same time, the surrounding environment should be evaluated to ensure that the surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, etc. will not be affected during the construction process. Secondly, assemble and debug the drilling verticality control mechanism. Connect and install the inner sleeve 1, outer sleeve 2, hydraulic device, sonic wave auxiliary device, infrared positioning device and other components according to the design requirements to ensure that the inner sleeve 1 clamp is fixed on the drill rod 4. Check the sealing of the hydraulic device to ensure that each hydraulic chamber, hydraulic pipe, hydraulic rod and other components can work normally, debug the sonic wave auxiliary device so that it can accurately transmit and receive sonic wave signals, so as to monitor the formation conditions in real time during the drilling process. Calibrate the infrared positioning device to ensure that its positioning accuracy is within the allowable range and can accurately track the position of the drill bit 5.

[0042] During the construction process, rotary drilling technology is used. During the drilling operation, the drill bit 5 cuts the soil and retains the drilled soil in the internal space of the drill bit 5. First, when the drilling rig starts to operate, the drill rod 4 starts slowly, the drill bit 5 gradually begins to obtain rotational power, and the drill rod 4 begins to push the drill bit 5 into the rock formation. The cutting edge of the drill bit 5 continuously contacts the rock formation under high-speed rotation, and uses its own hardness and shape to break the rock formation. When the drilling verticality control mechanism follows the drill rod 4 into the pile hole, the outer sleeve 2 expands to support the inner wall of the external pile hole, and then the inner sleeve 1 expands to the preset diameter, and the first telescopic cylinder 3 provides a stable support force for the inner sleeve 1. Then, the acoustic wave auxiliary device is used to judge the type of current stratum, the physical properties of the rock, etc., and the diameter of the inner sleeve 1 is adjusted to reasonably constrain the amplitude range of the drill rod 4. The infrared positioning device is used to monitor whether the verticality of the borehole is offset. If the verticality offset exceeds the threshold range, the verticality of the borehole is offset to one side, and the first telescopic cylinder 3 is controlled to move the inner sleeve 1 to the opposite side along the offset direction, and a corrective force is applied to the drill rod 4. The offset is restored to the allowable range, and the first telescopic cylinder 3 is reset. Finally, when the drill bit 5 drills to a certain depth, the drilling is stopped, the inner sleeve 1 is retracted to the point where it can be clamped on the drill rod 4, and the outer sleeve 2 is retracted to separate from the inner wall of the external pile hole until the outer sleeve 2 is completely retracted. The drill rod 4, the drill bit 5 and the borehole verticality control mechanism form an integral structure, and the borehole verticality control mechanism follows the drill rod 4 out of the hole, dumps the soil in the drill bit 5 to the specified position, and completes an excavation process. Repeat the above drilling and excavation processes until the drilling operation reaches the depth and aperture parameters required by the design. During the entire construction process, timely adjustments are made according to different geological conditions to ensure safe and efficient construction.

[0043] Existing drilling technology with drilling rigs often encounters the problem of verticality deviation when facing inclined rock formations, which seriously affects the construction progress and quality. When the drilling rig drills in the inclined rock formation, verticality deviation is very likely to occur due to the complexity and instability of the rock formation. Once a deviation occurs, the processing flow is extremely cumbersome: the drilling rig must be lifted and quick-drying concrete must be poured, and the selection of concrete must take into account factors such as its setting time and strength development characteristics. Only after the concrete strength reaches the standard can the drilling rig parameters be readjusted and drilling can continue. This process is not only time-consuming, but may also lead to repeated verticality deviations, forming a vicious circle and increasing construction costs. The drilling verticality control mechanism, drilling rig and drilling method of the present invention can significantly improve the verticality of the borehole under complex rock formation conditions, reduce construction difficulty and risks, significantly improve construction efficiency, and reduce construction costs.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling verticality control mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises an inner sleeve (1) and an outer sleeve (2) whose diameters can be adjusted respectively, wherein the inner sleeve (1) and the outer sleeve (2) are connected in the radial direction via a first telescopic cylinder (3); when the diameter of the inner sleeve (1) is in a contracted state, it can be clamped on a drill rod (4); when the diameter of the outer sleeve (2) is in an expanded state, it can be supported on the inner wall of an external pile hole; the inner sleeve (1) comprises at least three inner sleeve petals (11) distributed in an annular direction, and adjacent inner sleeve petals (11) are connected via a second telescopic cylinder (12); under the drive of the second telescopic cylinder (12), the diameter of the inner sleeve (1) changes.

2. The drilling verticality control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer sleeve (2) comprises at least three outer sleeve petals (21) distributed in an annular direction, and adjacent outer sleeve petals (21) are connected via a third telescopic cylinder (22); driven by the third telescopic cylinder (22), the diameter of the outer sleeve (2) changes.

3. The drilling verticality control mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the inner cylinder petals (11) and the outer cylinder petals (21) is the same, and the first telescopic cylinder (3) is respectively connected to the corresponding inner cylinder petals (11) and outer cylinder petals (21).

4. The drilling verticality control mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the outer tube flap (21) is provided with a plurality of protrusions (23) for increasing the friction force with the inner wall of the outer pile hole.

5. A drilling machine, comprising a drill rod (4) and a drill bit (5) arranged at the bottom end thereof, characterized in that: The drill rod (4) is provided with a drilling verticality regulating mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A drilling method, characterized in that: Using the drilling rig of claim 5, comprising the following steps: Step S1, mounting the drilling verticality control mechanism on the drill rod (4); Step S2, the inner sleeve (1) is contracted to be fixed to the drill rod (4); Step S3, when the drilling verticality control mechanism follows the drill rod (4) into the external pile hole, the outer sleeve (2) expands to support the inner wall of the external pile hole; Step S4, the inner sleeve (1) is expanded to a preset diameter.

7. The drilling method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S4 further comprises: Step S41, determining the type of rock formation in which the drill bit (5) is located; Step S42, the inner sleeve (1) is expanded to a preset diameter according to the rock formation type.

8. The drilling method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises step S5, correction, wherein step S5 comprises: S51, monitoring the verticality of the borehole; S52, when the verticality of the drill rod (4) exceeds a threshold range, the first telescopic cylinder (3) on the same side of the offset direction is extended, the first telescopic cylinder (3) on the opposite side is contracted, and the inner sleeve (1) moves along the opposite side of the offset direction to apply a corrective force to the drill rod (4); S53, after the verticality of the drill rod (4) is restored to a threshold range, the first telescopic cylinder (3) is reset to maintain the inner sleeve (1) and the outer sleeve (2) in a coaxial state.

9. The drilling method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises step S6, wherein the drilling verticality regulating mechanism is recovered, and the step S6 comprises: S61, stop drilling; S62, the inner sleeve (1) is retracted until it can be clamped on the drill pipe (4); S63, the outer sleeve (2) shrinks and separates from the inner wall of the outer pile hole; S64, after the outer sleeve (2) is completely retracted, the drilling verticality control mechanism follows the drill rod (4) and is pulled out of the hole.

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