Atmosphere detection device and atmosphere detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an atmosphere detection device and an atmosphere detection method, and relates to the field of meteorological monitoring and environmental science. In the atmosphere detection device, the first polarized light and the second polarized light are respectively mixed with the local oscillation light of the laser, namely signal amplification is carried out, and the atmosphere depolarization is detected by using the electric signal corresponding to the amplified polarized light, so that the accuracy of atmosphere depolarization detection is improved; an integrated optical system formed by the polarization light splitting element and the telescope prevents the polarization state of the returned light from being influenced as much as possible, so that the accuracy of atmosphere depolarization detection is further improved, and the stability of the atmosphere detection device is improved; besides, the circulator is adopted, the circulator is a non-reciprocal optical passive device with multi-port input and output, isolation and transmission of optical signals are achieved through the Faraday effect of magneto-optical materials, interference between the optical signals is reduced as much as possible, and therefore the accuracy of atmospheric depolarization detection is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the fields of meteorological monitoring and environmental science, and in particular to an atmosphere detection device and an atmosphere detection method. Background Art

[0002] The scattering and absorption of light waves by aerosol particles in the atmosphere will cause the polarization state of light waves to change. This phenomenon is called atmospheric depolarization. This is of great significance to meteorological monitoring, environmental science and other fields.

[0003] The relevant atmospheric depolarization detection device includes a laser, a polarization splitter crystal, a telescope, a photodetector and a processor. The light beam emitted by the laser is split into two polarized light beams by a polarization splitter crystal, and the two polarized light beams are output into the atmosphere after passing through the telescope. The light signal scattered back by the atmosphere is obtained by passing through the polarization splitter crystal to obtain P polarized light and S polarized light. The P polarized light and S polarized light enter the corresponding photodetector respectively, and the photodetector converts the light signal into an electrical signal. The processor calculates the atmospheric depolarization ratio based on the electrical signal corresponding to the received P polarized light and the electrical signal corresponding to the S polarized light. Since the signal returned by the atmosphere is generally weak, it affects the accuracy of the calculated atmospheric depolarization ratio.

[0004] It can be seen that how to improve the accuracy of atmospheric depolarization detection is a technical problem that people in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an atmosphere detection device and an atmosphere detection method to solve the technical problem that when the atmospheric depolarization ratio is calculated directly based on the received electrical signal corresponding to the P-polarized light and the electrical signal corresponding to the S-polarized light, the accuracy of the calculated atmospheric depolarization ratio is low because the signal returned by the atmosphere is generally weak.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an atmosphere detection device, comprising a laser, a polarization beam splitter, a telescope and a processor, and further comprising: a circulator, a first coupler, a second coupler, a first photoelectric balanced detector and a second photoelectric balanced detector; the polarization beam splitter and the telescope form an integrated optical system; The light beam emitted by the laser enters the integrated optical system through the circulator, and is output into the atmosphere through the integrated optical system; The signal returned by the atmosphere is output as a first polarized light after passing through the integrated optical system and the circulator in sequence; the signal returned by the atmosphere is output as a second polarized light after passing through the integrated optical system; The first polarized light and the first local oscillator light of the laser are mixed by the first coupler and then enter the first photoelectric balanced detector; the second polarized light and the second local oscillator light of the laser are mixed by the second coupler and then enter the second photoelectric balanced detector; The processor is connected to the first photoelectric balance detector and the second photoelectric balance detector respectively, and is used to detect atmospheric depolarization according to data of the first photoelectric balance detector and data of the second photoelectric balance detector.

[0007] Exemplarily, the atmosphere detection device further includes: a third coupler and a fourth coupler; The third coupler is used to receive the light beam emitted by the laser, and split the light beam emitted by the laser into a first light beam and a second light beam; The circulator is connected to the output end of the third coupler for receiving the first light beam; the input end of the fourth coupler is connected to the output end of the third coupler for receiving the second light beam; The input end of the first coupler is connected to the first output end of the fourth coupler for receiving the first local oscillator light of the laser; the input end of the second coupler is connected to the second output end of the fourth coupler for receiving the second local oscillator light of the laser.

[0008] Exemplarily, the first coupler and the second coupler are both couplers including two input ends and two output ends; the third coupler and the fourth coupler are both couplers including one input end and two output ends.

[0009] Exemplarily, the atmosphere detection device further includes: a phase modulator; an input end of the phase modulator is connected to an output end of the third coupler, and a first output end of the phase modulator is connected to the circulator, for receiving the first light beam and transmitting the first light beam to the circulator; The processor is connected to the second output terminal of the phase modulator and is used to measure the wind speed in the atmosphere according to the Doppler frequency shift.

[0010] Exemplarily, the atmospheric detection device also includes: an optical fiber amplifier; the input end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected to the first output end of the phase modulator, and the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected to the circulator, for amplifying the optical signal corresponding to the first light beam and outputting the amplified optical signal to the circulator.

[0011] Exemplarily, the atmosphere detection device further includes: a data acquisition board; the input end of the data acquisition board is respectively connected to the output end of the first photoelectric balance detector, the output end of the second photoelectric balance detector and the output end of the phase modulator, and is used to convert the signal output by the first photoelectric balance detector, the signal output by the second photoelectric balance detector and the signal output by the phase modulator into data to be processed by the processor; The processor is connected to the output end of the data acquisition board and is used for processing the data to be processed.

[0012] Exemplarily, the integrated optical system further includes a collimating lens and a polarization control element; The signal returned by the atmosphere is sequentially transmitted through the telescope, the polarization control element and the polarization beam splitting element to output the second polarized light; The signal returned by the atmosphere is sequentially transmitted through the telescope, the polarization control element, the polarization beam splitter, the collimating lens and the circulator to output the first polarized light.

[0013] Exemplarily, the integrated optical system further includes a beam expanding objective lens; The signal returned by the atmosphere enters the beam expanding objective lens after passing through the telescope, and the light beam after passing through the beam expanding objective lens enters the polarization control element.

[0014] Exemplarily, the polarization beam splitting element is a PBS crystal.

[0015] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention further provides an atmosphere detection method, which is applied to the above atmosphere detection device, and the method comprises: Acquire data of the first photoelectric balance detector and data of the second photoelectric balance detector; Atmospheric depolarization is detected based on the data of the first photoelectric balance detector and the data of the second photoelectric balance detector.

[0016] The atmospheric detection device provided by the present invention includes a laser, a polarization beam splitter, a telescope and a processor, and also includes: a circulator, a first coupler, a second coupler, a first photoelectric balance detector and a second photoelectric balance detector. The light beam emitted by the laser enters the integrated optical system formed by the polarization beam splitter and the telescope through the circulator, and is output to the atmosphere through the integrated optical system; the signal returned by the atmosphere is output as the first polarized light after passing through the integrated optical system and the circulator in turn; the signal returned by the atmosphere is output as the second polarized light after passing through the integrated optical system; the first polarized light and the first local oscillator light of the laser are mixed through the first coupler and enter the first photoelectric balance detector; the second polarized light and the second local oscillator light of the laser are mixed through the second coupler and enter the second photoelectric balance detector. The processor is connected to the first photoelectric balance detector and the second photoelectric balance detector respectively, and is used to detect atmospheric depolarization according to the data of the first photoelectric balance detector and the data of the second photoelectric balance detector. In the atmospheric detection device, the atmospheric depolarization ratio is not calculated directly based on the electrical signal corresponding to the received P-polarized light and the electrical signal corresponding to the S-polarized light, but the first polarized light and the second polarized light are mixed with the local oscillator light of the laser respectively (that is, the signal is amplified), and the atmospheric depolarization is detected using the electrical signal corresponding to the amplified polarized light, thereby improving the accuracy of atmospheric depolarization detection; and in the related atmospheric depolarization detection device, the polarization splitting crystal is in an external state, which affects the polarization state of the returned light, while in the present invention, the integrated optical system formed by the polarization splitting element and the telescope avoids the polarization state of the returned light from being affected as much as possible, thereby further improving the accuracy of atmospheric depolarization detection and improving the stability of the atmospheric detection device; in addition, a circulator is used in the present invention. Since the circulator is a non-reciprocal optical passive device with multi-port input and output, it uses the Faraday effect of magneto-optical materials to achieve optical signal isolation and transmission, thereby reducing interference between optical signals as much as possible, thereby improving the accuracy of atmospheric depolarization detection.

[0017] In addition, the present invention also provides an atmosphere detection method, which is applied to an atmosphere detection device and has the same or corresponding technical features as the above-mentioned atmosphere detection device and has the same effects as above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an atmosphere detection device provided by the present invention; Figure 2A structural diagram of a specific atmosphere detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a polarization splitting and collimation integrated optical system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The core of the present invention is to provide an atmosphere detection device and an atmosphere detection method to solve the technical problem that when the atmospheric depolarization ratio is calculated directly based on the received electrical signal corresponding to the P-polarized light and the electrical signal corresponding to the S-polarized light, the accuracy of the calculated atmospheric depolarization ratio is low because the signal returned by the atmosphere is generally weak.

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an atmosphere detection device provided by the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the atmosphere detection device includes a laser 10, a polarization beam splitter, a telescope and a processor 60, and also includes: a circulator 20, a first coupler 40, a second coupler 41, a first photoelectric balanced detector 50 and a second photoelectric balanced detector 51. The polarization beam splitter and the telescope form an integrated optical system 30.

[0023] The light beam emitted by the laser 10 enters the integrated optical system 30 through the circulator 20 and is output to the atmosphere through the integrated optical system 30; The signal returned by the atmosphere is output as a first polarized light after passing through the integrated optical system 30 and the circulator 20 in sequence; the signal returned by the atmosphere is output as a second polarized light after passing through the integrated optical system 30; The first polarized light and the first local oscillator light of the laser 10 are mixed by the first coupler 40 and enter the first photoelectric balanced detector 50; the second polarized light and the second local oscillator light of the laser 10 are mixed by the second coupler 41 and enter the second photoelectric balanced detector 51; The processor 60 is connected to the first photoelectric balance detector 50 and the second photoelectric balance detector 51 respectively, and is used to detect atmospheric depolarization according to data of the first photoelectric balance detector 50 and data of the second photoelectric balance detector 51 .

[0024] There is no limitation on the laser 10 used, which can be a low-power, high-stability and high-coherence laser 10. There is no limitation on the polarization splitter element, such as a polarizing beam splitter crystal (PBS). The PBS crystal can separate the incident non-polarized light or partially polarized light into two mutually perpendicular linear polarized light beams, with a wavelength covering the 420-1600nm region. The circulator 20 is a multi-port input and output non-reciprocal optical passive device that uses the Faraday effect of magneto-optical materials to achieve optical signal isolation and transmission. The photoelectric balanced detector can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal, eliminate background light and common-mode interference, and thus significantly improve the sensitivity and accuracy of optical signal detection through differential signal processing technology.

[0025] Specifically, the atmosphere detection device further includes: a third coupler and a fourth coupler; The third coupler is used to receive the light beam emitted by the laser 10, and split the light beam emitted by the laser 10 into a first light beam and a second light beam; The circulator 20 is connected to the output end of the third coupler for receiving the first light beam; the input end of the fourth coupler is connected to the output end of the third coupler for receiving the second light beam; The input end of the first coupler 40 is connected to the first output end of the fourth coupler for receiving the first local oscillation light of the laser 10 ; the input end of the second coupler 41 is connected to the second output end of the fourth coupler for receiving the second local oscillation light of the laser 10 .

[0026] In implementation, the first coupler 40 and the second coupler 41 are couplers including two input ends and two output ends; the third coupler and the fourth coupler are couplers including one input end and two output ends.

[0027] In order to adjust the light output by the laser 10 to pulse light emission and to measure the wind speed at the same time, in the implementation, the atmosphere detection device further includes: a phase modulator. The input end of the phase modulator is connected to the output end of the third coupler, and the first output end of the phase modulator is connected to the circulator 20, for receiving the first light beam and transmitting the first light beam to the circulator 20; The processor 60 is connected to the second output terminal of the phase modulator and is used to measure the wind speed in the atmosphere according to the Doppler frequency shift.

[0028] That is, the atmospheric detection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can realize the detection of atmospheric depolarization and the measurement of wind speed.

[0029] In order to improve the optical signal after the phase modulator, the atmosphere detection device also includes: an optical fiber amplifier. The input end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected to the first output end of the phase modulator, and the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected to the circulator 20, which is used to amplify the optical signal corresponding to the first light beam and output the amplified optical signal to the circulator 20.

[0030] After the first photoelectric balance detector 50 has collected data, after the second photoelectric balance detector 51 has collected data, and after the data of the phase modulator has been collected, in order to enable the processor 60 to process the data, this embodiment further provides a data acquisition board in the atmosphere detection device. The input end of the data acquisition board is respectively connected to the output end of the first photoelectric balance detector 50, the output end of the second photoelectric balance detector 51, and the output end of the phase modulator, and is used to convert the signal output by the first photoelectric balance detector 50, the signal output by the second photoelectric balance detector 51, and the signal output by the phase modulator into data to be processed by the processor 60; The processor 60 is connected to the output terminal of the data acquisition board and is used to process the data to be processed.

[0031] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the atmosphere detection device of the present invention, it is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings. Figure 2 A structural diagram of a specific atmosphere detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes a seed source (i.e., a laser source), a 1×2 coupler 1 (i.e., a third coupler), a phase modulator, an optical fiber amplifier, a circulator 20, an integrated optical system 30 (i.e., a polarization splitting and collimation integrated optical system), a 1×2 coupler 2 (i.e., a fourth coupler), a 2×2 coupler 1 (i.e., a first coupler 40), a 2×2 coupler 2 (i.e., a second coupler 41), a first photoelectric balanced detector 50, a second photoelectric balanced detector 51, a data acquisition board and a computer.

[0032] 1. Seed source: provides an initial optical signal with low power, high stability and high coherence.

[0033] 2. 1×2 coupler 1: Splits the seed source output light into two parts.

[0034] 3. Phase modulator: An optical modulator that changes the phase of light according to a certain rule; its working principle is the linear electro-optic effect, which means that when voltage is applied to the electro-optic crystal, the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal will change, resulting in changes in the characteristics of the light wave passing through the crystal, thereby achieving modulation of the phase, amplitude, intensity and polarization state of the optical signal.

[0035] 4. Fiber amplifier: directly amplifies the power of optical signals without converting them into electrical signals.

[0036] 5. Circulator 20: It allows optical signals to be transmitted in a specified direction only, and the reverse transmission is isolated. For example, when light is input from port 1, it can only be output from port 2; when light is input from port 2, it can only be output from port 3.

[0037] 6. Polarization splitting and collimation integrated system: output high-power output light into the atmosphere, and isolate and output one polarized light in the atmospheric return signal.

[0038] 7. 1×2 coupler 2: Splits the local oscillator light output by the laser 10 into two equal beams.

[0039] 8. 2×2 coupler 1: Mix the polarized light in one direction returned from the atmosphere with the local oscillator light of laser 10.

[0040] 9. 2×2 coupler: mixes the polarized light in the other direction returned by the atmosphere with the local oscillator light of laser 10 (the two polarized lights mixed in 8 and 9 are perpendicular to each other).

[0041] 10. First photoelectric balanced detector 50: converts the optical signal into an electrical signal.

[0042] 11. Second photoelectric balanced detector 51: converts the optical signal into an electrical signal.

[0043] 12. Data acquisition board: collects electrical signals and performs preliminary processing to convert them into computer-processable data.

[0044] 13. Computer: The processor 60 in the computer processes the data obtained by the acquisition board.

[0045] Depolarization ratio processing and calculation: The light outputted into the atmosphere by the laser 10 is linearly polarized light. The light intensity of the two polarized lights at different distances can be obtained through the acquisition board. By calculating the ratio thereof, the atmospheric depolarization ratio of the atmospheric particles at the distance can be obtained.

[0046] In order to achieve precise control of the polarization state of light waves and accurate detection of atmospheric depolarization effects, in practice, the integrated optical system 30 also includes a collimating lens and a polarization control element.

[0047] The signal returned by the atmosphere is transmitted through the telescope, polarization control element and polarization beam splitter in sequence to output the second polarized light; The signal returned from the atmosphere passes through the telescope, the polarization control element, the polarization beam splitter, the collimating lens and the circulator 20 in sequence to output the first polarized light.

[0048] In addition, the integrated optical system 30 also includes a beam expansion objective lens; The signal returned from the atmosphere enters the beam expander objective lens after passing through the telescope, and the light beam after passing through the beam expander objective lens enters the polarization control element.

[0049] There is no limitation on the polarization control element, such as using a quarter wave plate. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a polarization splitting and collimation integrated optical system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the integrated polarization splitting and collimating optical system includes: a collimating lens, a PBS crystal, a quarter wave plate, a beam expander lens and a telescope. The PBS crystal and the telescope are integrated into an optical path design, wherein the outgoing light is sequentially arranged along the optical path and then passes through a circulator 20 and enters the collimating lens, the PBS crystal, the quarter wave plate, the beam expander lens and the telescope. The quarter wave plate is connected to the telescope and integrated into one by gluing or optical gluing process.

[0050] There is a certain angle at the output end face of the laser 10, and the collimating lens makes the light input into the system parallel to the optical axis of the system. The PBS crystal can divide the incident light into P polarized light and S polarized light. P polarized light (parallel polarized light) propagates in the transmission direction, while S polarized light (vertical polarized light) is reflected, and the propagation directions of the two beams of light are usually perpendicular to each other. The 1 / 4 wave plate will produce a phase difference of π / 2 (i.e. 1 / 4 wavelength) through the wave plate. The beam expander objective expands the thin beam emitted by the laser 10 into a collimated beam with a larger diameter. The echo signal is collected by the telescope and enters from the system port b. After being split by the PBS crystal, one polarized light will come out from port c, and the other polarized light will pass through the circulator 20 from port a and be output from the circulator 20.

[0051] The seed source generates low-power narrow-linewidth continuous light, which is divided into two paths of light through a 1×2 coupler. One path enters the phase modulator, and the other path is used as a reference light. The signal generator generates a driving signal for the phase modulator. The modulated light then enters the fiber amplifier 4 for power amplification, and the output light slow axis is controlled to output linear light. It first enters the circulator 20 from port 1, exits from port 2, and enters the polarization splitting and collimation integrated optical system from port a, and exits from port b into the telescope, and is focused and emitted into the atmosphere. The echo signal is collected by the telescope and enters from port b, and then exits from port c after being split by the PBS crystal. The light from the circulator 20 and the light from the port c are separated from the reference light by the 1×2 coupler 2, and coherent mixing occurs in the 2×2 coupler 1 or the 2×2 coupler 2. The mixed signals enter the first photoelectric balanced detector 50 and the second photoelectric balanced detector 51 respectively. The first photoelectric balanced detector 50 and the second photoelectric balanced detector 51 detect the difference frequency signal and output it as an electrical signal. The data acquisition board then continues to control the light emission of the laser 10 and performs high-speed analog-to-digital acquisition at the same time. After completing the accumulation of echoes and fast Fourier transform internally, the final data is output to the computer for data processing and display.

[0052] The two electrical signals output by the first photoelectric balance detector 50 and the second photoelectric balance detector 51 can be used to obtain the magnitudes of the two perpendicular lights after atmospheric depolarization, and the atmospheric depolarization ratio can be obtained by running a subsequent algorithm.

[0053] In the atmospheric detection device provided by the present invention, the PBS crystal and the telescope are integrated into an optical path design, wherein the outgoing light is sequentially arranged along the optical path and then passes through the circulator 20 and enters the collimating lens, PBS crystal, 1 / 4 wave plate, beam expander objective lens and telescope in sequence. The 1 / 4 wave plate is connected to the telescope and integrated into one by gluing or optical gluing process. The integrated design of the polarization splitting and collimating integrated optical system adopts fewer components and a more compact structure, and does not require subsequent focusing. The device is small in size, easy to install and deploy, and reduces production costs. The scheme also involves polarization state control and signal separation and detection to achieve precise control of the polarization state of light waves and accurate detection of atmospheric depolarization effects. The integrated design of the spatial annular collimating integrated optical system makes the system more miniaturized; the device supports wide wavelength processing function reasoning and can process light waves of different wavelengths. The versatility of the device is increased, so that it can be applied to a variety of different detection needs. PBS crystals and PBS membrane technology are used to improve the optical splitting efficiency and the accuracy of polarization state control. The accuracy of the detection results is improved and the error is reduced. It can be seen that the present invention provides an atmospheric detection device with superior performance, compact structure and high cost-effectiveness, which meets the needs of high-precision monitoring and analysis, realizes the detection of atmospheric depolarization, and can cover a wide band of spectral range, while realizing the measurement of wind speed.

[0054] An atmosphere detection device is described above. This embodiment further provides an atmosphere detection method, which is applied to the above-mentioned atmosphere detection device. The method includes: Acquire data of the first photoelectric balance detector and data of the second photoelectric balance detector; Atmospheric depolarization is detected based on the data of the first photoelectric balance detector and the data of the second photoelectric balance detector.

[0055] The atmosphere detection method provided in this embodiment is applied to the above-mentioned atmosphere detection device. The embodiment of the atmosphere detection device has been described in detail above, and the embodiment of the atmosphere detection method will not be repeated here. The effect is the same as above.

[0056] The above is a detailed introduction to an atmosphere detection device and an atmosphere detection method provided by the present invention. The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referenced to each other. For the method disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the device disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the device part description. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

Claims

1. An atmospheric detection device, comprising a laser, a polarization beam splitter, a telescope and a processor, characterized in that: Also includes: a circulator, a first coupler, a second coupler, a first photoelectric balanced detector, and a second photoelectric balanced detector; The polarization beam splitting element and the telescope form an integrated optical system; The light beam emitted by the laser enters the integrated optical system through the circulator, and is output into the atmosphere through the integrated optical system; The signal returned by the atmosphere is sequentially transmitted through the integrated optical system and the circulator to output the first polarized light; The signal returned by the atmosphere outputs a second polarized light through the integrated optical system; The first polarized light and the first local oscillator light of the laser are mixed by the first coupler and then enter the first photoelectric balanced detector; The second polarized light and the second local oscillator light of the laser are mixed by the second coupler and then enter the second photoelectric balanced detector; The processor is connected to the first photoelectric balance detector and the second photoelectric balance detector respectively, and is used to detect atmospheric depolarization according to data of the first photoelectric balance detector and data of the second photoelectric balance detector.

2. The atmosphere detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a third coupler and a fourth coupler; The third coupler is used to receive the light beam emitted by the laser, and split the light beam emitted by the laser into a first light beam and a second light beam; The circulator is connected to the output end of the third coupler for receiving the first light beam; the input end of the fourth coupler is connected to the output end of the third coupler for receiving the second light beam; The input end of the first coupler is connected to the first output end of the fourth coupler for receiving the first local oscillator light of the laser; the input end of the second coupler is connected to the second output end of the fourth coupler for receiving the second local oscillator light of the laser.

3. The atmosphere detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first coupler and the second coupler are both couplers comprising two input ends and two output ends; the third coupler and the fourth coupler are both couplers comprising one input end and two output ends.

4. The atmosphere detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A phase modulator; the input end of the phase modulator is connected to the output end of the third coupler, and the first output end of the phase modulator is connected to the circulator, for receiving the first light beam and transmitting the first light beam to the circulator; The processor is connected to the second output terminal of the phase modulator and is used to measure the wind speed in the atmosphere according to the Doppler frequency shift.

5. The atmosphere detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: An optical fiber amplifier; the input end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected to the first output end of the phase modulator, and the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected to the circulator, for amplifying the optical signal corresponding to the first light beam and outputting the amplified optical signal to the circulator.

6. The atmosphere detection device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Data acquisition board; The input end of the data acquisition board is respectively connected to the output end of the first photoelectric balance detector, the output end of the second photoelectric balance detector and the output end of the phase modulator, and is used to convert the signal output by the first photoelectric balance detector, the signal output by the second photoelectric balance detector and the signal output by the phase modulator into data to be processed by the processor; The processor is connected to the output end of the data acquisition board and is used for processing the data to be processed.

7. The atmosphere detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The integrated optical system also includes a collimating lens and a polarization control element; The signal returned by the atmosphere is sequentially transmitted through the telescope, the polarization control element and the polarization beam splitting element to output the second polarized light; The signal returned by the atmosphere is sequentially transmitted through the telescope, the polarization control element, the polarization beam splitter, the collimating lens and the circulator to output the first polarized light.

8. The atmosphere detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The integrated optical system also includes a beam expanding objective lens; The signal returned by the atmosphere enters the beam expanding objective lens after passing through the telescope, and the light beam after passing through the beam expanding objective lens enters the polarization control element.

9. The atmosphere detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The polarization beam splitting element is a PBS crystal.

10. An atmosphere detection method, characterized in that: Applied to the atmosphere detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises: Acquire data of the first photoelectric balance detector and data of the second photoelectric balance detector; Atmospheric depolarization is detected based on the data of the first photoelectric balance detector and the data of the second photoelectric balance detector.

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