Camellia flower color determination and flower color breeding guidance method

Abstract

The invention discloses a camellia flower color determination and flower color breeding guidance method, which comprises the following steps: S1, sampling camellia, selecting five single plants from each sample, selecting one flower from each single plant, randomly picking one petal from the ornamental surface of each flower, obtaining five petals in total, and recording the number of the sample; the method comprises the following steps: S1, performing color measurement, S2, performing color chart measurement: performing color comparison on five petals of the same sample by adopting an RHSCC color chart, repeating for five times, and taking the color with the highest occurrence frequency as a final measurement result, and S22, performing spectrophotometer measurement: respectively measuring ornamental surfaces at the middle upper parts of the five petals and recording L *, a *, b *, C * and ho data of a CIELab color system of each petal, and finally, taking the average value of the five petals as a final measurement result. And S23, clustering analysis: analyzing the flower color L *, a *, b *, C * and ho data measured based on the RHSCC colorimetric card in the S21 by using a CIELab color system to obtain the distribution conditions of the L *, a *, b *, C * and ho data under different flower colors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of horticulture, in particular to a method for determining camellia flower color and a method for guiding flower color breeding. Background Art

[0002] In the DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability) test guide for new varieties of Camellia plants, RHSCC is used to define the color of the main color of the petals by group visual inspection, and the flower colors of camellia are divided into five types: white group, yellow group, pink group, red group and purple group. However, there is a certain degree of subjectivity in the use of such a discrimination method alone, and it cannot guarantee the convenience and accuracy of the definition results in practical applications. Although the CIE Lab color system can accurately assign values ​​to each color, accurately describe it, and facilitate communication, when classifying the color system, the pink type with a chroma lower than the red type but higher than the white type cannot be well clustered and distinguished. Therefore, there are certain limitations in using the above two methods alone to distinguish flower colors. Summary of the invention

[0003] 1. In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for measuring camellia color

[0004] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: A method for measuring camellia color, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0005] S1. Camellia sampling

[0006] Sampling was carried out according to the parental sources of camellia. Five plants with the same growth potential were selected for each sample. One flower in full bloom was selected from each plant. One petal was randomly picked from the viewing surface of each flower. A total of five petals were obtained for each sample, and the sample number was recorded.

[0007] S2. Flower color determination

[0008] S21. Colorimetric card determination: Use the RHSCC colorimetric card to compare the colors of 5 petals of the same sample under natural light indoors. Repeat 5 times and take the color with the highest frequency as the final determination result. Perform colorimetric card determination on 5 petals of each sample in turn and record the results.

[0009] S22. Spectrophotometer measurement: Lay the five petals of the same sample face up on white paper, perform white board correction and zero correction first, then use a target mask with a diameter of 8 mm as the measurement window, measure the upper and middle viewing surfaces of the five petals and record the CIELab color system L of each petal. * 、a * 、b * , C * 、h oData, finally take the average value of 5 petals as the final measurement result, and measure and record the 5 petals of each sample with spectrophotometer in turn;

[0010] S23. Cluster analysis

[0011] The color L of S21 was measured based on the RHSCC colorimetric card using the CIELab colorimetric system. * 、a * 、b * , C * 、h o The data were analyzed to obtain the L * 、a * 、b * , C * 、h o The distribution of the data.

[0012] Wherein, in said S22, the CIELab color system L of each petal measured is * 、a * 、b * , C * 、h o The data only includes SCI mode data. SCI mode includes both specular reflected light and diffuse light, so the measured value is the overall objective color of the object, and has nothing to do with the surface conditions of the object.

[0013] 2. In view of this, the present invention proposes a camellia color breeding method.

[0014] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: A camellia color breeding method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0015] A1. Camellia sampling

[0016] Sampling was carried out according to the parental sources of camellia. Five plants with the same growth potential were selected for each sample. One flower in full bloom was selected from each plant. One petal was randomly picked from the viewing surface of each flower. A total of five petals were obtained for each sample, and the sample number was recorded.

[0017] A2. Spectrophotometer measurement: Lay the five petals of the same sample face up on white paper, perform white board correction and zero correction first, then use a target mask with a diameter of 8 mm as the measurement window, measure the upper and middle viewing surfaces of the five petals respectively and record the CIELab color system L of each petal. * 、a * 、b * , C * 、h oData, finally take the average value of 5 petals as the final measurement result, and measure and record the 5 petals of each sample with spectrophotometer in turn;

[0018] A3. Cluster analysis

[0019] Origin2021 was used to perform Euclidean distance and intergroup linkage methods on the data obtained from S2 for flower color phenotype cluster analysis;

[0020] A4. Breeding selection

[0021] In the cluster analysis of A3, L * The camellia varieties with the lowest brightness were crossbred with other camellia varieties with low brightness to cultivate black camellia varieties; * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​were crossbred with other camellia varieties to cultivate pure red or green camellia varieties; * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​were crossbred with other camellia varieties to cultivate pure yellow or blue camellia varieties. * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​are hybridized with other camellia varieties to cultivate high-color saturation or low-color saturation camellia varieties.

[0022] Wherein, in said S22, the CIELab color system L of each petal measured is * 、a * 、b * , C * 、h o The data only includes SCI mode data. The Euclidean distance in the A3 cluster analysis is selected as 75. The SCI mode includes both specular reflected light and diffuse light, so the measured value is the overall objective color of the object, and has nothing to do with the surface conditions of the object.

[0023] Preferably, in the A3 cluster analysis, all camellia samples are preliminarily clustered into four types: red, pink, yellow and white.

[0024] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. The present invention adopts the RHSCC colorimetric card to measure and classify the camellia flower color in the first step, and then uses a spectrophotometer to measure the flower color phenotype of the camellia based on the CIE Lab colorimetric system. Based on the colorimetric measurement, the L*, a*, b*, C*, h* measured by the spectrophotometer are o The data is aggregated, and the pattern color obtained by combining the two methods is more accurate, eliminating the influence of multiple factors such as observer, light source and observation angle, and is more scientific and applicable in production applications.

[0026] 2. In the determination method of the present invention, 5 individual plants with the same growth potential are selected for each sample, 1 flower is selected from each plant, and 1 petal is taken from each flower, so that each sample has 5 petals. When the colorimetric card is measured, the color with the highest frequency is taken as the final color. In the CIE Lab colorimetric system flower color phenotype measurement, the average of 5 data is taken to obtain a more accurate flower color.

[0027] 3. The present invention guides the breeding method. The flower tissue structure and the type and content of the pigment in the cells determine the color of the flower. The camellia color is mainly widely distributed in the red range. There are also distributions in the white and yellow ranges, but there are no varieties of blue-green series and dark black varieties. In the present invention, the flower color is assigned by the CIE Lab color system, and the system clustering is performed, which can guide the hybrid breeding of camellia varieties with low brightness (L*) flower colors and other camellia qualities with low brightness (L*) flower colors, cultivate black series camellia varieties, or guide the selection of other camellia varieties with low a* values ​​or low b* values ​​to hybridize with other varieties to cultivate green or blue series camellia varieties, or cultivate other novel flower color varieties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] Figure 1 Comparison of the brightness L* values ​​of the four color groups measured based on the RHSCC colorimetric card in the example Figure 2 Comparison of red-green color a* values ​​of four color groups measured based on RHSCC colorimetric chart in the examples Figure 3 Comparison of b* values ​​of yellow-blue phases of four color groups measured based on RHSCC colorimetric card in the examples Figure 4 Comparison of brightness C* values ​​of four color groups measured based on RHSCC colorimetric card in the examples Figure 5 Comparison of hue angle h° values ​​of four color groups measured based on RHSCC colorimetric chart in the examples

[0030] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional scatter plot of the flower colors of 217 samples based on L*, a* and b* values;

[0031] Figure 7 The classification of 217 Camellia accessions based on the L*, a*, b*, C* and h° values ​​of flower color is shown in Figure 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be construed as limiting the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application include all changes, modifications and equivalents that fall within the spirit and connotation of the appended claims.

[0033] Example: Figure 1-7 As shown:

[0034] First, this embodiment provides a method for measuring camellia color. The method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. Camellia sampling

[0036] From January to March 2024, on sunny mornings, camellia samples were collected from the camellia germplasm resource garden of the pilot base of Chongqing Academy of Landscape Architecture (29.27°N, 106.21°E). Sampling was carried out according to the parental sources of camellia. The sampling mainly included red camellia variety groups (Western tea, Sichuan camellia, East China tea), multi-season flowering camellia variety groups, and yellow camellia variety groups. A total of 217 samples with stable phenotypes and healthy growth were selected from 396 resources. The variety list is shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1 List of 217 Camellia germplasm resources tested

[0038]

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] The opening process of camellia flowers was observed during the natural flowering period. For each of the above 217 samples, 5 individual plants with the same growth potential were selected and marked. For each individual plant, 1 flower in full bloom was selected, and 1 petal was randomly picked from the viewing surface, i.e. the inner petals, for a total of 5 petals. The petals were put into clean self-sealing bags marked with the variety name, and the sampling was completed.

[0042] S2. Flower color determination

[0043] Back in the laboratory, we used colorimetric cards and a spectrophotometer (CM-700d) to measure the results.

[0044] S21. Colorimetric card determination: Under indoor natural light conditions, use the RHSCC colorimetric card to compare the colors of 5 petals of the same sample. After 5 repetitions, the color with the highest frequency is taken as the final determination result. Perform colorimetric card determination on 5 petals of each sample in turn and record the results.

[0045] S22. Spectrophotometer measurement: Lay the 5 petals of the same sample flat on white A4 printing paper, face up, and perform whiteboard calibration and zero calibration before measurement. Use a target mask with a diameter of 8mm as the measurement window, and try to measure a larger target area. Each measurement is made on the upper and middle viewing surface of the petals. Measure the 5 petals separately and record the CIELab color system L*, a*, b*, C*, and ho data of each petal. Finally, take the average value of the 5 petals as the final measurement result. Perform spectrophotometer measurement and record the 5 petals of each sample in turn. During measurement, the instrument will automatically store data in chronological order, and record the name of the measured camellia variety once each sample is measured, so that the variety and data can be matched during later data analysis.

[0046] In this embodiment, since the object selectively absorbs light of a specific wavelength and reflects part of the light, and the reflected light includes specular reflection and diffuse reflection, CIELab only retains the data in SCI (Specular Component Included) mode during data analysis, and this data is closer to the objective color of camellia petals.

[0047] S23. Cluster analysis

[0048] The color L of S21 was measured based on the RHSCC colorimetric card using the CIELab colorimetric system. * 、a * 、b * , C * 、h o The data were analyzed to obtain the L * 、a * 、b * , C * 、h o The distribution of data is shown in Table 2:

[0049] Table 2 Distribution range of L*, a*, b*, C*, and h° in each color group of camellia classified based on the CIELAB color system

[0050]

[0051] Note: RHSCC value is the color value measured by the colorimetric card method; L*, a*, b*, C*, h° are respectively: the lightness L* value, red-green color a* value, yellow-blue color b* value, chroma C* and hue angle h° value of the CIELab International Illumination Commission color space.

[0052] As shown in Table 2, the color classification data of 217 camellia germplasms by color card method showed that the red group had the richest color, accounting for the largest proportion of 57.6%, the pink group accounted for 28.11%, the white group accounted for 11.52%, and the yellow group accounted for 2.77%. Combining the color card and spectrophotometer data, the results showed that the minimum value of lightness L* was 26.85 in the red group and the maximum value was 87.89 in the white group. The minimum value of red-green phase a* appeared in the yellow group at -3.95, and the maximum value was 55.48 in the red group. The minimum value of yellow-blue phase b* appeared in the pink group at -4.14, and the maximum value was 65.47 in the yellow group. The minimum value of chroma C* appeared in the white group at 3.63, and the maximum value was 65.49 in the yellow group. The minimum value of hue angle h° was 1.09 and the maximum value was 359.55, both in the pink group.

[0053] The CIE Lab colorimetric system was used to analyze the L*, a*, b*, C*, and h° data of the four color systems of camellia classified based on the RHSCC system, and a Figure 1-5 From the box plot distribution, the distribution pattern of parameter values ​​of each color system is quite obvious. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the L* values ​​of white and yellow are large and concentrated, and the L* value of red is the smallest; the L* value of pink overlaps with that of white, and overlaps with that of red, which can be distinguished by a* and b* values; Figure 2 As shown in the figure, only some a* values ​​of the yellow series are distributed in the negative area, and the rest are all positive. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the b* values ​​of red, pink, and white are all positive and concentrated, indicating that Camellia lacks blue tones. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the chroma C* value of white is the smallest, while the C* values ​​of red and pink are the largest. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, there are three abnormal values ​​in the hue angle h° value of the pink series, namely, No. 100 Pierce, No. 115 Pink Angel, and No. 125 Divine Wing. Their hue angles are closer to the 360° red series, which is consistent with the cluster analysis results. Figure 6 As shown, in the three-dimensional scatter plot of L*, a*, and b* values, the flower color data are mostly concentrated near a main line, showing a band-like distribution, which reflects the characteristics of camellia flowers with small color variation and low color richness.

[0054] In this example, Origin2021 was used to perform a systematic cluster analysis on the L*, a*, b*, C*, and h° parameter values ​​of 217 camellia samples, and the samples were initially clustered into 4 groups at a Euclidean distance of 75. The clustering results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 7As shown. By analyzing the cluster samples, it was found that some varieties with low chroma such as light yellow and light pink were classified in the white series, and some dark pink varieties were classified in the red series, indicating that the color of camellia cannot be effectively distinguished only by cluster analysis. The results of cluster analysis showed that the proportion of red series (69.12%) and white series (26.73%) increased, and the yellow series remained unchanged (2.77%). After clustering, a group with the farthest color relationship appeared, which were No. 100 Pierce, No. 115 Pink Angel, and No. 125 Divine Wing. The maximum hue angle h° values ​​of the colors of these three species were 353.15, 359.55, and 359.43, respectively. The hue angle h° value is similar to a color wheel. The h° value of red is 0° (360°), so this group of data should be merged into the red series. There is also an independent branch at the Euclidean distance of 60, which is the variety 201 Lanying. At the Euclidean distance of 40, a separate variety is No. 82 Black Knight.

[0055] In addition, this embodiment also provides a method for guiding flower color breeding based on the above-mentioned camellia flower color determination. * The camellia varieties with the lowest brightness were crossbred with other camellia varieties with low brightness to cultivate black camellia varieties; in cluster analysis, a * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​were crossbred with other camellia varieties to cultivate pure red or green camellia varieties; * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​were crossbred with other camellia varieties to cultivate pure yellow or blue camellia varieties. * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​are hybridized with other camellia varieties to cultivate high-color saturation or low-color saturation camellia varieties.

[0056] The type and content of pigments in the flower tissue structure and cells determine the color of the flower. Camellia color is mainly widely distributed in the red range. There are also distributions in the white and yellow ranges, but there are no varieties of blue-green and dark black varieties. Delphinidin and its derivatives are crucial to the formation of blue flowers. F3′5′H is called the blue gene. Its spatiotemporal expression and expression intensity determine the distribution and accumulation of delphinidin. In the future, the use of genetic engineering to cultivate blue and green camellias is also an important direction for flower color breeding. In this embodiment, the flower color is assigned by the CIE Lab color system and systematic clustering is performed. The brightness of No. 82 Black Knight is the lowest, and it can be hybridized with other low-brightness varieties to cultivate black varieties. No. 201 Lanying is also an independent category in the cluster analysis. Gao Jiyin's "The Best Camellia Varieties in the World" records that "Lanying is purple-pink, slightly blue, with white edges, occasionally purple-red wide stripes, and a small amount of yellow stamens and petals in the center." Such a unique color is also a good material for cultivating excellent varieties of camellia colors. According to the clustering results, the a* values ​​of the two yellow camellia varieties, No. 15 Longzhou Jinhuacha and No. 24 Vietnam Concave Vein Jinhuacha, are negative, indicating that they have certain green attributes, and No. 24 has the highest saturation, which can be hybridized with varieties that show light green in the bud stage, such as 'Green Kona' and 'Green Pearl Ball', to breed new varieties with high saturation or green series. The b* value of No. 100 Pierce is -4.14, which has certain blue attributes, and can be hybridized with purple-red varieties such as 'Murasaki-no-ue', 'Murasaki-tsubaki', and 'Aoi-sangoshō' to breed new varieties with unique flower colors.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes may be made to it in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring camellia color, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Camellia sampling Sampling was carried out according to the parental sources of camellia. Five plants with the same growth potential were selected for each sample. One flower in full bloom was selected from each plant. One petal was randomly picked from the viewing surface of each flower. A total of five petals were obtained for each sample, and the sample number was recorded. S2. Flower color determination S21. Colorimetric card determination: Use the RHSCC colorimetric card to compare the colors of 5 petals of the same sample under natural light indoors. Repeat 5 times and take the color with the highest frequency as the final determination result. Perform colorimetric card determination on 5 petals of each sample in turn and record the results. S22. Spectrophotometer measurement: Lay the five petals of the same sample face up on white paper, perform white board correction and zero correction first, then use a target mask with a diameter of 8 mm as the measurement window, measure the upper and middle viewing surfaces of the five petals and record the CIELab color system L of each petal. * 、a * , b * , C * 、h o Data, finally take the average value of 5 petals as the final measurement result, and measure and record the 5 petals of each sample with spectrophotometer in turn; S23. Cluster analysis The color L of S21 was measured based on the RHSCC colorimetric card using the CIELab colorimetric system. * 、a * , b * , C * 、h o The data were analyzed to obtain the L * 、a * , b * , C * 、h o The distribution of the data.

2. The camellia color determination method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S22, the CIELab color system L of each petal measured * 、a * , b * , C * 、h o Only SCI mode data are selected for data.

3. A method for guiding flower color breeding of camellia, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A1. Camellia sampling Sampling was carried out according to the parental sources of camellia. Five plants with the same growth potential were selected for each sample. One flower in full bloom was selected from each plant. One petal was randomly picked from the viewing surface of each flower. A total of five petals were obtained for each sample, and the sample number was recorded. A2. Spectrophotometer measurement: Lay the five petals of the same sample face up on white paper, perform white board correction and zero correction first, then use a target mask with a diameter of 8 mm as the measurement window, measure the upper and middle viewing surfaces of the five petals respectively and record the CIELab color system L of each petal. * 、a * , b * , C * 、h o Data, finally take the average value of 5 petals as the final measurement result, and measure and record the 5 petals of each sample with spectrophotometer in turn; A3. Cluster analysis Origin2021 was used to perform Euclidean distance and intergroup linkage methods on the data obtained from S2 for flower color phenotype cluster analysis; A4. Breeding selection In the cluster analysis of A3, L * The camellia varieties with the lowest brightness were crossbred with other low brightness camellia varieties to cultivate black camellia varieties; * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​were crossbred with other camellia varieties to cultivate pure red or green camellia varieties; * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​were crossbred with other camellia varieties to cultivate pure yellow or blue camellia varieties. * The camellia varieties with the highest or lowest values ​​are hybridized with other camellia varieties to cultivate high-color saturation or low-color saturation camellia varieties.

4. The camellia color breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The camellia color measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in said S22, the CIELab color system L of each petal measured * 、a * , b * , C * 、h o The data only include SCI mode data.

5. The method for guiding flower color breeding of camellia according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The Euclidean distance in the A3 cluster analysis was selected to be 75.

6. The method for guiding flower color breeding of camellia according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the A3 cluster analysis, all camellia samples were initially clustered into four types: red, pink, yellow, and white.

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