Battery health state real-time evaluation method and system based on alternating current impedance spectroscopy

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery health state real-time evaluation method and system based on an alternating current impedance spectrum, and belongs to the technical field of measuring instruments. By integrating the battery charging and discharging equipment, the voltage impedance detection module, the current detection module and the single chip microcomputer, the impedance change and current data of the battery in the charging and discharging process are monitored in real time, and the health state of the battery can be accurately evaluated. The system combines AC impedance spectroscopy detection and dynamic data of a battery charging and discharging process, improves the precision and real-time performance of battery health state evaluation, can timely discover battery performance degradation or fault hidden troubles, and further provides a scientific basis for the remaining use value of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of measuring instruments, and in particular to a method and system for real-time evaluation of battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of battery technology, especially the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries, battery safety and performance evaluation issues have received more and more attention. At present, the health status of batteries is usually monitored and evaluated through parameters such as voltage, current, capacity, power, and temperature. However, as the battery usage cycle increases, the internal impedance of the battery changes, and the evaluation of the battery health status becomes more difficult. The change in battery internal resistance can reflect the health status of the battery, especially during the battery aging process, the change in internal resistance often shows a gradual and slow increase, and may eventually jump sharply.

[0003] Existing battery detection technologies usually rely on static testing and are unable to dynamically monitor the impedance changes of the battery during actual use.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention proposes a battery health status assessment method that monitors battery impedance changes in real time and combines AI self-learning technology, which can more accurately and efficiently assess the battery health status and provide effective support for the calculation of the remaining use value of the battery. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a method and system for real-time evaluation of battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, a real-time evaluation system for battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy is provided, the system comprising:

[0007] A host computer, wherein the host computer is provided with a battery charging and discharging device for controlling the charging and discharging operation of the battery;

[0008] A single chip microcomputer, used for receiving and executing signals from the battery charging and discharging device and the host computer;

[0009] Battery module, used to actually provide battery charging and discharging functions;

[0010] A voltage impedance detection module, used to generate an excitation signal and collect disturbance signals at both ends of the battery module to calculate the battery impedance;

[0011] A charge and discharge control module, used to control the charge and discharge status of the battery;

[0012] The current detection module is used to monitor the current data during the battery charging and discharging process in real time.

[0013] Optionally, the host computer is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging operations of the battery, and exchanging data with the single-chip microcomputer, the charging and discharging control module and the current detection module in the system;

[0014] The host computer is also used to receive a control signal from the single-chip microcomputer and send a control instruction to the battery charging and discharging device, wherein the control instruction is used to indicate that the charging and discharging process of the battery during the test meets the predetermined requirements.

[0015] Optionally, the single chip microcomputer is responsible for receiving data from the battery charging and discharging device and the host computer, and feeding back the processing results to the voltage impedance detection module, the charging and discharging control module and the current detection module;

[0016] The single chip microcomputer is also used to receive the voltage and impedance data transmitted by the voltage impedance detection module and the charge and discharge current data transmitted by the current detection module to evaluate the health status of the battery.

[0017] Optionally, the voltage impedance detection module is used to apply an excitation signal to both ends of the battery to collect the disturbance signal of the battery, and is also used to calculate the impedance value of the battery using AC impedance spectroscopy technology, and is also used to monitor the voltage of the battery in real time through a built-in ADC converter, wherein the voltage and impedance data are transmitted to the microcontroller for analysis.

[0018] Optionally, the charge and discharge control module is connected to the battery charge and discharge device, the voltage impedance detection module, the single chip microcomputer and the battery module;

[0019] The charge and discharge control module controls the charge and discharge state of the battery through MOSFET or relay to ensure that the charge and discharge process of the battery meets the predetermined test conditions.

[0020] Optionally, the current detection module is commonly used in overcurrent voltage division technology to monitor the charging and discharging current data of the battery in real time, and feeds back the charging and discharging current data to the single chip microcomputer.

[0021] On the other hand, a method for real-time evaluation of battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy is provided, the method being used in the above-mentioned real-time evaluation system for battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy, the method comprising:

[0022] When the system starts, the battery charging and discharging device is initialized through the instructions of the host computer and the single-chip microcomputer, and the basic state of the battery is confirmed, and the basic state includes voltage, current and impedance;

[0023] The battery charging and discharging equipment performs charging or discharging operations on the battery, preparing for voltage and impedance testing;

[0024] The voltage and impedance detection module connected thereto generates an excitation signal and applies it to both ends of the battery to perform voltage and impedance testing to obtain voltage and impedance data which are then transmitted to the single chip microcomputer;

[0025] The charging and discharging current data of the battery during charging and discharging is monitored in real time by the connected current detection module and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer;

[0026] The single chip microcomputer evaluates the health status of the battery according to the voltage and impedance data and the charge and discharge current data in combination with an AI self-learning algorithm;

[0027] performing feedback adjustment based on the assessment of the health status;

[0028] The assessment of the health status is recorded and stored.

[0029] Optionally, the voltage-impedance detection module connected thereto generates an excitation signal and applies it to both ends of the battery to perform voltage and impedance testing to obtain voltage and impedance data which are transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer, including:

[0030] Applying an excitation signal to both ends of the battery through the connected voltage impedance detection module, and collecting disturbance signals at both ends of the battery;

[0031] The voltage and impedance value of the battery are converted into digital signals by the ADC converter provided in the voltage-impedance detection module to obtain voltage and impedance data, which are then sent to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0032] Optionally, the feedback adjustment according to the health status assessment includes:

[0033] Analyzing the battery impedance change trend according to the health status assessment to determine whether the battery has reached a preset health threshold;

[0034] In response to abnormal battery health status, the single chip microcomputer automatically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy, or issues an alarm to prompt the user;

[0035] The evaluation of the health status of the battery is presented to the user end through the host computer.

[0036] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the storage medium stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is used to be executed by a processor to implement the real-time battery health status assessment method based on AC impedance spectroscopy as described in the above aspect.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present application, a real-time evaluation system for the health status of a battery based on AC impedance spectroscopy is provided, which is particularly suitable for the field of battery performance testing. By integrating battery charging and discharging equipment, voltage impedance detection module, current detection module and single-chip microcomputer, the impedance change and current data of the battery during the charging and discharging process are monitored in real time, and the health status of the battery can be accurately evaluated. The system combines AC impedance spectrum detection with dynamic data of the battery charging and discharging process to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of battery health status evaluation, and can promptly detect battery performance degradation or potential faults, thereby providing a scientific basis for the remaining use value of the battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a battery health status real-time assessment system based on AC impedance spectroscopy provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for real-time evaluation of battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0040] Figure 3 Shows the corresponding Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the logical processing of the real-time evaluation method of battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The term "multiple" as used herein refers to two or more than two. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a real-time battery health status assessment system based on AC impedance spectroscopy provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The system includes a host computer, a single-chip microcomputer, a battery module, a voltage impedance detection module, a charge and discharge control module, and a current detection module.

[0045] The host computer is provided with a battery charging and discharging device for controlling the charging and discharging operation of the battery; the single-chip microcomputer is used to receive and execute the signals between the battery charging and discharging device and the host computer; the battery module is used to actually provide the battery charging and discharging function; the voltage impedance detection module is used to generate an excitation signal and collect the disturbance signal at both ends of the battery module to calculate the battery impedance; the charging and discharging control module is used to control the charging and discharging state of the battery; the current detection module is used to monitor the current data during the battery charging and discharging process in real time.

[0046] It should be noted that Figure 1 Some components can be replaced by other components or provide space for improved design, such as battery cells or other components can be set in the battery module.

[0047] Optionally, the host computer is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging operations of the battery and exchanging data with the single-chip microcomputer, charging and discharging control module and current detection module in the system; the host computer is also used to receive control signals from the single-chip microcomputer and send control instructions to the battery charging and discharging equipment, and the control instructions are used to indicate that the charging and discharging process of the battery during the test meets predetermined requirements.

[0048] Optionally, the single-chip microcomputer is responsible for receiving data from the battery charging and discharging equipment and the host computer, and feeding back the processing results to the voltage impedance detection module, the charging and discharging control module and the current detection module; the single-chip microcomputer is also used to receive the voltage and impedance data transmitted by the voltage impedance detection module and the charging and discharging current data transmitted by the current detection module to evaluate the health status of the battery.

[0049] Optionally, the voltage impedance detection module is used to apply an excitation signal to both ends of the battery to collect the disturbance signal of the battery, and is also used to calculate the impedance value of the battery using the AC impedance spectroscopy technology, and is also used to monitor the voltage of the battery in real time through the built-in ADC converter, wherein the voltage and impedance data are transmitted to the microcontroller for analysis.

[0050] Among them, the voltage impedance detection module has positive and negative power lines for battery charging and discharging, which are used to charge and discharge the battery and inject excitation AC signals (i.e., excitation signals) during detection. There are also two other detection signal terminals on the voltage impedance detection module for detecting the feedback signal of the battery. The signal is modulated and demodulated by the built-in impedance detection chip to obtain the AC impedance spectrum of the battery, and the AC impedance spectrum is uploaded to the software of the host computer. The microcontroller uses the installed software to analyze the health status of the battery under test according to the AC impedance spectrum and give suggestions for charging and discharging control strategies, thereby simplifying the user's charging and discharging setting operations and combining machine learning algorithms to achieve further applications and more complex charging and discharging control strategies.

[0051] The voltage impedance detection module has a CAN interface for external communication, which can be linked with other external devices, such as data acquisition equipment, battery management system, etc., so as to simulate the test verification under the real complex working conditions of the battery and collect the complete AC impedance spectrum data of the entire evolution process of battery aging and attenuation. For example, based on the battery charging and discharging equipment, this device, external equipment (such as temperature box, water chiller), battery management system, and related equipment all support CAN communication and CAN signal receiving and sending functions. The battery charging and discharging equipment host computer is used as the main control device to perform information exchange and control operations on related slave devices.

[0052] Furthermore, the CAN communication node at the CAN interface is further explained. The CAN communication node consists of a CAN controller and a CAN transceiver. The controller and the transceiver are connected via the CAN_Tx and CAN_Rx signal lines (using ordinary TTL-like logic signals), and the transceiver and the CAN bus are connected using the CAN_High and CAN_Low signal lines. The CAN data stream is parsed through DBC. By matching the CAN data in binary or hexadecimal format with the signals defined in the DBC file, the received CAN data can be accurately converted into physical signals such as voltage and resistance.

[0053] The excitation signal generated inside the impedance detection chip is used to collect the disturbance signals at both ends of the battery, and then calculate the impedance of the battery. According to the AC current signal I(θ) and the AC voltage signal V(θ), the AC internal resistance value Z(θ)=V(θ) / I(θ) of the battery is calculated, thereby realizing the measurement of the AC impedance of the battery.

[0054] In the battery test, the battery charging and discharging equipment in the host computer provides the working steps and working status, and is edited in the working steps that require AC internal resistance testing. When the equipment runs to the above working steps, the host computer sends an internal resistance test instruction. After receiving the instruction, the microcontroller starts the voltage impedance detection module for testing. At the same time, the test data is uploaded to the host computer via CAN communication for synchronous analysis and recording.

[0055] It should be noted that the design of the above voltage impedance detection module is compatible with battery tests with voltages below 100V, and can basically cover the internal resistance test requirements of conventional batteries.

[0056] Optionally, the charge and discharge control module is connected to the battery charge and discharge equipment, the voltage impedance detection module, the single chip microcomputer and the battery module; the charge and discharge control module controls the charge and discharge state of the battery through a MOSFET or a relay to ensure that the charge and discharge process of the battery meets predetermined test conditions.

[0057] Optionally, the current detection module is commonly used in overcurrent voltage division technology to monitor the charging and discharging current data of the battery in real time, and feed back the charging and discharging current data to the single chip microcomputer.

[0058] In summary, the embodiments of the present application have the following technical effects.

[0059] The real-time battery health status assessment system based on AC impedance spectroscopy in the embodiment of the present application can realize real-time monitoring and assessment of the battery health status by comprehensively analyzing the voltage, impedance, and current data during the battery charging and discharging process and the battery health status.

[0060] Real-time monitoring of battery health status By integrating battery charging and discharging equipment, voltage impedance detection module and current detection module, the system can monitor the impedance changes and current fluctuations of the battery during the charging and discharging process in real time, and promptly reflect the battery health status. Through real-time detection of the battery impedance spectrum, the system can accurately identify the changing trend of the battery health status, especially the sharp increase in the battery internal resistance, and then warn of potential battery failure or performance degradation.

[0061] Accurately assess battery health: Combining AC impedance spectrum detection with the battery charge and discharge status, it can effectively capture the impedance changes of the battery under different working conditions and quickly assess the battery health status through the set threshold. This enables the system to provide reliable health assessment results at different battery usage stages (charging, discharging, standby, etc.).

[0062] Improve the accuracy and real-time performance of the evaluation: The combination of the host computer and the single-chip microcomputer enables data exchange and feedback for the control of battery charging and discharging and the monitoring of battery health status. This not only improves the real-time performance of the system, but also ensures the coordination and synchronization of various parameters during the charging and discharging process, making the evaluation more accurate and enabling health testing at any time during the use of the battery without affecting the safety of battery use due to measurement lag.

[0063] Enhance the intelligence and automation of the system: The system adopts automatic control and data feedback mechanism. The host computer issues control instructions based on the feedback information of the single-chip microcomputer to ensure that the battery meets the predetermined requirements during the charging and discharging process. In this way, during the use of the battery, the system can automatically adjust the test conditions, optimize the health assessment strategy in real time, and realize intelligent management.

[0064] Expanded application scenarios: The system can be widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage equipment, portable electronic products and other fields. It can not only perform routine detection and evaluation of battery performance, but also provide more accurate health status monitoring through impedance spectrum detection to meet the needs of different battery types and usage environments.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] On the other hand, Figure 2 As shown, a real-time evaluation method for battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy is provided, and Figure 3 Shows the corresponding Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the logical processing of the real-time evaluation method of battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy.

[0067] The method is used in the above-mentioned battery health status real-time assessment system based on AC impedance spectroscopy, and the method includes:

[0068] Step 201, when the system starts, the battery charging and discharging equipment is initialized through the instructions of the host computer and the single-chip microcomputer, and the basic state of the battery is confirmed, and the basic state includes voltage, current and impedance.

[0069] The host computer starts and communicates with the microcontroller, charge and discharge control module, current detection module, etc. in the system through the CAN interface.

[0070] Step 202: The battery charging and discharging device performs charging or discharging operations on the battery, and prepares for voltage and impedance testing.

[0071] According to the test requirements, the host computer sends charge and discharge operation instructions to the single-chip microcomputer, instructing the battery module to start charging and discharging. The battery module enters the charge and discharge state, and the current detection module and impedance detection module begin to collect relevant parameter data.

[0072] Step 203, generate an excitation signal through the connected voltage-impedance detection module and apply it to both ends of the battery to perform voltage and impedance testing to obtain voltage and impedance data and transmit them to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0073] The connected voltage impedance detection module applies an excitation signal to both ends of the battery, and collects the disturbance signal at both ends of the battery. The ADC converter built into the voltage impedance detection module converts the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery into digital signals to obtain voltage and impedance data, which are then sent to the microcontroller.

[0074] Step 204, the charging and discharging current data of the battery during the charging and discharging process is monitored in real time by the connected current detection module and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer.

[0075] During the charging and discharging process of the battery module, the voltage impedance detection module will obtain the voltage and current disturbance signals at both ends of the battery by applying an AC excitation signal. The module calculates the AC impedance value of the battery based on the acquired signal and feeds the result back to the microcontroller in real time. At the same time, the current detection module monitors the charging and discharging current of the battery in real time and feeds the data back to the microcontroller for analysis.

[0076] Step 205, the single chip microcomputer evaluates the health status of the battery based on the voltage and impedance data and the charge and discharge current data in combination with the AI ​​self-learning algorithm.

[0077] The MCU receives and processes the real-time data from the voltage impedance detection module and the current detection module. By comparing the change trend of the battery impedance data and combining it with the battery health model, the MCU can evaluate the health status of the battery in real time. Based on the analysis of the AC impedance spectrum, the system can determine whether the battery has a sharp increase in internal resistance and evaluate its remaining use value.

[0078] Step 206: Perform feedback adjustment based on the health status assessment.

[0079] According to the health status assessment, the battery impedance change trend is analyzed to determine whether the battery has reached the preset health threshold. In response to abnormal battery health status, the microcontroller automatically adjusts the charge and discharge strategy, or issues an alarm to prompt the user, and the battery health status assessment is displayed to the user through the host computer.

[0080] Step 207, record and save the health status assessment.

[0081] After the battery test is completed, all monitoring data will be recorded and saved for subsequent analysis and reference. The system can generate a battery health report for users to decide whether to continue using or replace the battery.

[0082] In summary, in the embodiments of the present application, the system further improves the automation and intelligence of battery health status assessment by combining the AI ​​self-learning system with the internal resistance change trend analysis.

[0083] Adaptive learning and optimization: Through the combination of internal resistance change trend analysis and AI self-learning technology, the system can continuously optimize the evaluation model based on the historical data of the battery, enhancing the accuracy of battery health status evaluation. This means that even for new battery types or application environments, the system can adaptively learn and adjust the evaluation criteria to provide accurate health assessment.

[0084] Dynamic health assessment and threshold setting: The system can set the corresponding health threshold according to the dynamic change of the internal resistance value during battery use. When the change of the battery internal resistance reaches a certain critical value, the system can warn of potential battery failure or degradation in advance, thereby helping users take corresponding measures before the battery is seriously damaged.

[0085] Improve battery safety: The system can evaluate the health status of the battery in real time and give a timely alarm when the impedance changes sharply. This early warning mechanism is crucial to the safety of battery use, especially in high-risk applications such as electric vehicles and energy storage equipment, and can effectively prevent safety accidents such as fire or explosion caused by excessive changes in internal resistance.

[0086] Reduce maintenance costs: Through real-time health monitoring and early warning functions, the system can help users detect and maintain batteries in time before their performance deteriorates, thereby reducing the additional maintenance and replacement costs caused by battery failures. Especially in large-scale application scenarios, such as electric vehicles or energy storage systems, it can effectively reduce overall operating costs.

[0087] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, wherein the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the real-time battery health status assessment method based on AC impedance spectroscopy as described in the above embodiments.

[0088] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A real-time battery health status assessment system based on AC impedance spectroscopy, characterized in that: The system comprises: A host computer, wherein the host computer is configured to control the charging and discharging operations of the battery; A single chip microcomputer, used for receiving and executing signals from the battery charging and discharging device and the host computer; Battery module, used to actually provide battery charging and discharging functions; A voltage impedance detection module, used to generate an excitation signal and collect disturbance signals at both ends of the battery module to calculate the battery impedance; A charge and discharge control module, used to control the charge and discharge status of the battery; The current detection module is used to monitor the current data during the battery charging and discharging process in real time.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The host computer is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging operation of the battery, and exchanging data with the single chip microcomputer, the charging and discharging control module and the current detection module in the system; The host computer is also used to receive a control signal from the single-chip microcomputer and send a control instruction to the battery charging and discharging device, wherein the control instruction is used to indicate that the charging and discharging process of the battery during the test meets the predetermined requirements.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The single chip microcomputer is responsible for receiving data from the battery charging and discharging device and the host computer, and feeding back the processing results to the voltage impedance detection module, the charging and discharging control module and the current detection module; The single chip microcomputer is also used to receive the voltage and impedance data transmitted by the voltage impedance detection module and the charge and discharge current data transmitted by the current detection module to evaluate the health status of the battery.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The voltage impedance detection module is used to apply an excitation signal to both ends of the battery to collect the disturbance signal of the battery, and is also used to calculate the impedance value of the battery using the AC impedance spectrum technology, and is also used to monitor the voltage of the battery in real time through the built-in ADC converter, wherein the voltage and impedance data are transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer for analysis.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The charge and discharge control module is connected to the battery charge and discharge device, the voltage impedance detection module, the single chip microcomputer and the battery module; The charge and discharge control module controls the charge and discharge state of the battery through MOSFET or relay to ensure that the charge and discharge process of the battery meets the predetermined test conditions.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The current detection module is commonly used in overcurrent voltage division technology to monitor the charging and discharging current data of the battery in real time, and feeds back the charging and discharging current data to the single chip microcomputer.

7. A real-time evaluation method for battery health status based on AC impedance spectroscopy, characterized in that: The method is used in the real-time battery health status assessment system based on AC impedance spectroscopy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the method comprises: When the system starts, the battery charging and discharging device is initialized through the instructions of the host computer and the single-chip microcomputer, and the basic state of the battery is confirmed, and the basic state includes voltage, current and impedance; The battery charging and discharging equipment performs charging or discharging operations on the battery, preparing for voltage and impedance testing; The voltage and impedance detection module connected thereto generates an excitation signal and applies it to both ends of the battery to perform voltage and impedance testing to obtain voltage and impedance data which are then transmitted to the single chip microcomputer; The charging and discharging current data of the battery during charging and discharging is monitored in real time by the connected current detection module and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer; The single chip microcomputer evaluates the health status of the battery according to the voltage and impedance data and the charge and discharge current data in combination with an AI self-learning algorithm; performing feedback adjustment based on the assessment of the health status; The assessment of the health status is recorded and stored.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The voltage-impedance detection module connected to the battery generates an excitation signal and applies it to both ends of the battery to perform voltage and impedance testing to obtain voltage and impedance data, which are then transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer, including: Applying an excitation signal to both ends of the battery through the connected voltage impedance detection module, and collecting disturbance signals at both ends of the battery; The voltage and impedance value of the battery are converted into digital signals by the ADC converter provided in the voltage-impedance detection module to obtain voltage and impedance data, which are then sent to the single-chip microcomputer.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feedback adjustment according to the evaluation of the health status includes: Analyzing the battery impedance change trend according to the health status assessment to determine whether the battery has reached a preset health threshold; In response to abnormal battery health status, the single chip microcomputer automatically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy, or issues an alarm to prompt the user; The evaluation of the health status of the battery is presented to the user end through the host computer.

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