Earthquake shot gather denoising method and device, storage medium and processor

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of geological exploration, and discloses a seismic shot gather denoising method and device, a storage medium and a processor, and the method comprises the steps: extracting a plurality of pieces of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the plurality of pieces of target seismic trace data; the multiple pieces of target seismic channel data have the same offset distance and the same azimuth angle; based on Fourier-Mellin transform, performing three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficient; and screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficient according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflected wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain a target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficient. Therefore, the difference between the effective reflected wave and the coherent noise can be increased, so that the coherent noise is easier to remove, and the removal effect of the coherent noise can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to a seismic shot gather denoising method, a seismic shot gather denoising device, a machine-readable storage medium and a processor. Background Art

[0002] In seismic exploration and survey, seismic shot gathers are the most original seismic data, and the coherent noise in the seismic shot gathers is a key factor affecting the subsequent data processing effect. Therefore, it is very important to remove the coherent noise in the seismic shot gathers.

[0003] At present, low-pass filtering, abnormal amplitude suppression and tau-p transformation are usually used to transform seismic shot gathers into low-dimensional spaces such as frequency domain, time-frequency domain and intercept dip domain for noise removal. However, after transforming seismic shot gathers into low-dimensional spaces such as frequency domain, time-frequency domain and intercept dip domain, the difference between the effective reflection wave and coherent noise in the seismic shot gathers is not obvious, resulting in unsatisfactory removal of coherent noise. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of poor coherent noise removal effect in seismic shot gathers in the prior art, and to provide a seismic shot gather denoising method, a seismic shot gather denoising device, a machine-readable storage medium and a processor.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for denoising a seismic shot gather, the method comprising: Extracting a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; Based on Fourier-Mellin transform, performing three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; Reconstructing the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target to obtain the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers of the target; The target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather are replaced with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0006] In an embodiment of the present application, obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the multiple target seismic trace data includes: The plurality of target seismic trace data are rearranged according to the spatial positions corresponding to the plurality of target seismic trace data to obtain the three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather.

[0007] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is performed on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including: Using the mother wavelet function of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, a discrete form of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform that meets the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data is constructed to obtain a three-dimensional wavelet; The three-dimensional common offset vector gathers are multiplied by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and an inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present application, multiplying the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers with the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain includes: Resampling the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers and transforming them into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain first transformed data; Resampling the three-dimensional wavelet and transforming it into the Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain second transformed data; The first transformed data is multiplied by the second transformed data.

[0009] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is performed on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the Fourier-Mellin transform, based on the following formula:

[0010] ;

[0011] in, The result obtained by resampling the 3D common offset vector gathers and performing Fourier-Mellin transform; The result obtained after Fourier-Mellin transform of three-dimensional wavelet resampling.

[0012] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including: Converting the apparent velocity of the coherent noise into a first inclination angle; The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened using the first inclination angle, and the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle less than the first inclination angle are used as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0013] In the embodiment of the present application, the screening of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients by using the first inclination angle includes: setting the coefficients of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle greater than the first inclination angle to zero.

[0014] A second aspect of the present application provides a seismic shot gather denoising device, comprising: A data extraction module, used to extract a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; A transformation module, used for performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; A screening module, used for screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather, so as to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; A data reconstruction module, used for reconstructing the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target to obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector gather of the target; The data resetting module is used to replace the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0015] A third aspect of the present application provides a processor configured to execute the above-mentioned seismic shot gather denoising method.

[0016] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a machine-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, configure the processor to execute the above-mentioned seismic shot gather denoising method.

[0017] Through the above technical scheme, the technical scheme includes: extracting multiple target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the multiple target seismic trace data, and the multiple target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; based on Fourier Mellin transform, performing three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between coherent noise and effective reflection waves in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; reconstructing the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain a target three-dimensional common offset vector gather; and replacing the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather. By constructing a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the waveforms of the effective reflection waves of each seismic channel data in the gather have high consistency, and by performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the difference between the effective reflection wave and the coherent noise can be increased, so that the coherent noise is easier to remove, thereby improving the removal effect of the coherent noise.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific implementations, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present application, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process flow of a seismic shot gather denoising method according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional record of a seismic shot gather according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional profile of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a time section of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional profile of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather from which coherent noise has been removed according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a time section of a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather with coherent noise removed according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown; Figure 7A structural block diagram of a seismic shot gather denoising device according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown; Figure 8 The internal structure diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown.

[0020] Description of Reference Numerals 710 - data extraction module; 720 - transformation module; 730 - screening module; 740 - data reconstruction module; 750 - data resetting module; A01 - processor; A02 - network interface; A03 - internal memory; A04 - display screen; A05 - input device; A06 - non-volatile storage medium; B01 - operating system; B02 - computer program. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the embodiments of the present application, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), such directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0023] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0024] As described in the background technology, in the surface survey of seismic exploration, the seismic shot gather, also known as the common shot gather, is the most original seismic data, which is crucial to the subsequent data processing and geological interpretation. The coherent noise in the seismic shot gather has the characteristics of large amplitude, low frequency band, and low apparent velocity, which seriously affects the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic shot gather (especially the near-offset data containing rich reflection wave information). The signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic shot gather is an important factor affecting the subsequent data processing. Therefore, it is very important to remove the coherent noise in the seismic shot gather. At present, low-pass filtering, abnormal amplitude suppression and tau-p transformation are usually used to remove the coherent noise in the seismic shot gather. The above-mentioned various methods are to transform the seismic shot gather only to low-dimensional spaces such as the frequency domain, time-frequency domain, intercept dip domain, etc. for noise removal; for example, the tau-p transformation is to transform the two-dimensional seismic data to the intercept-slope two-dimensional space. However, after the seismic shot gathers are transformed into low-dimensional spaces such as the frequency domain, time-frequency domain, and intercept dip domain, the difference between the effective reflection waves and the coherent noise in the seismic shot gathers is not obvious, and the two are difficult to separate, resulting in unsatisfactory removal of coherent noise.

[0025] In view of this, a method for denoising a seismic shot gather is provided in one embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the seismic shot gather denoising method may include the following steps: Step 101: extracting a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtaining a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data.

[0026] Among them, seismic shot gathers are the most original data records in seismic exploration, which can usually be the data obtained by a single explosive or vibrator excitation. Seismic shot gathers can generally be composed of multiple seismic trace data.

[0027] like Figure 2 The figure shows a two-dimensional record of a seismic shot gathering in a certain work area. The vertical axis is the time axis and the horizontal axis is the channel number. Figure 2 It can be seen from the figure that the waveform of the effective reflection wave changes rapidly with the offset distance, and the waveform consistency is not high. The effective reflection wave is a reflection wave used to solve the corresponding geological task, which can usually be a reflected longitudinal wave.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present application, the multiple target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth. That is, from the seismic shot gather, the seismic trace data with the same offset and the same azimuth are extracted to form a three-dimensional common offset vector gather. In other words, the three-dimensional common offset vector gather is a three-dimensional seismic data volume formed by extracting and rearranging the seismic trace data with the same offset and the same azimuth from the seismic shot gather.

[0029] The multiple target seismic trace data used to form the three-dimensional common offset vector gather have the same offset and the same azimuth, so that the waveforms of the effective reflection waves corresponding to the seismic trace data in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather have high consistency in the spatial direction. Therefore, the difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave can be increased to a greater extent in the subsequent process.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, for Figure 2 The 2D profile of the 3D common offset vector gathers obtained by extracting the corresponding seismic shot gathers. The vertical axis is the time axis and the horizontal axis is the space axis. Figure 3 It can be seen that the waveform of the effective reflected wave has a high consistency.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, for Figure 2 The time section of the three-dimensional common offset vector gather obtained by extracting the corresponding seismic shot gather. One axis is the x-axis and the other is the y-axis. Figure 4 It can be seen that there is more coherent noise and the signal-to-noise ratio is low.

[0032] In order to facilitate the subsequent processing of the data in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather, the multiple target seismic trace data may be rearranged according to a preset rule to obtain the three-dimensional common offset vector gather. The preset rule may include a spatial position, that is, step 101 obtains a three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the multiple target seismic trace data, which may include: rearranging the multiple target seismic trace data according to the spatial positions corresponding to the multiple target seismic trace data to obtain the three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0033] For the convenience of subsequent description, the three-dimensional common offset vector gather can be recorded as , where offset represents the offset distance, represents the azimuth, and x, y, and t represent the indexes of the x direction, y direction, and t direction respectively. The x direction and y direction both represent the spatial direction, and the t direction represents the time direction. For the convenience of description, x, y, and t can be recorded as a vector , then the three-dimensional common offset vector gather Can be recorded as .

[0034] Step 102: Based on Fourier-Mellin transform, perform three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0035] The Fourier-Mellin transform, also known as the Fourier-Mellin transform, is to resample the data (such as geometric series sampling in the radial direction and uniform sampling in the angular direction) and then perform a high-dimensional Fourier transform.

[0036] The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (3DCWT) is a sparse transform that decomposes a three-dimensional data volume into a six-dimensional data volume. The six dimensions can be three-dimensional translation variables, one-dimensional scale variables, one-dimensional inclination variables, and one-dimensional azimuth variables.

[0037] The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform not based on Fourier-Mellin transform can be: transform the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers As a 3D data volume and 3D common offset vector gathers The three-dimensional wavelet obtained through translation, scaling and rotation operations is subjected to inner product operation, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0038] The calculation formula corresponding to the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform not based on Fourier-Mellin transform can be shown as formula (1):

[0039] (1);

[0040] Among them, It represents the three-dimensional wavelet obtained by translation, scaling and rotation operations. Its specific form is ; represents the inner product operation of two vectors, represents taking the conjugate of the complex wavelet; a represents the scale of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, represents the inclination angle of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, represents the azimuth of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, represents the three-dimensional translation vector, Indicates the inclination of the vector and azimuth Rotate.

[0041] Since the data corresponding to the three-dimensional common offset vector trace is relatively large, it takes a long time to directly perform the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, which is why the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is not applied to the original shot gather data in the prior art. In order to improve the efficiency of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform and enable the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform to be implemented quickly, in the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather can be combined with the Fourier Mellin transform to perform the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform.

[0042] In one implementation, step 102 performs a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, which may include step A and step B, specifically as follows: Step A, using a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform mother wavelet function, constructing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform discrete form that meets the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data, and obtaining a three-dimensional wavelet. For example, performing translation, scaling and rotation operations to obtain a three-dimensional wavelet.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present application, the process of obtaining the three-dimensional wavelet in step A may be the same as the process of obtaining the three-dimensional wavelet in the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform not based on the Fourier-Mellin transform.

[0044] Step B: multiplying the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers with the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and performing inverse Fourier transform to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, step B multiplies the three-dimensional common offset vector gather with the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, which may specifically include: resampling the three-dimensional common offset vector gather and transforming it to the Fourier Mellin domain to obtain first transformed data; resampling the three-dimensional wavelet and transforming it to the Fourier Mellin domain to obtain second transformed data; multiplying the first transformed data by the second transformed data.

[0046] The three-dimensional common offset vector gathers are resampled by adopting geometric progression sampling in the radial direction and arithmetic progression sampling in the angular direction. The three-dimensional wavelet is resampled by adopting geometric progression sampling in the radial direction and arithmetic progression sampling in the angular direction.

[0047] For 3D data The data obtained by resampling can be recorded as ,in, is the radial sampling variable, is the sampling in the inclination direction, is the sampling direction of the azimuth. The result obtained by Fourier-Mellin transform is shown in formula (2):

[0048] (2);

[0049] in, , and Three variables representing the 3D Fourier-Mellin transform.

[0050] Based on the above formula (2), the result obtained after resampling the 3D common offset vector gathers and performing Fourier-Mellin transform can be calculated. The result can be expressed as , written as the Fourier-Mellin transform, Similarly, based on the above formula (2), the result obtained after the three-dimensional wavelet resampling and Fourier-Mellin transform can be calculated, which can be recorded as , written as the Fourier-Mellin transform, .

[0051] Furthermore, the calculation formula corresponding to the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform based on Fourier-Mellin transform can be shown as formula (3):

[0052] (3);

[0053] in, is the ratio of pi.

[0054] Since the translation variable is three-dimensional, the scaling variable is one-dimensional, and the rotation variable is two-dimensional when performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients obtained by the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform constitute a six-dimensional data body.

[0055] Step 103 , screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0056] In specific implementation, step 103 may specifically include step C and step D, as follows: Step C, converting the apparent velocity of the coherent noise into a first inclination angle.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, the apparent velocity of the coherent noise can be measured in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather. Specifically, the ratio of the time sampling point to the space sampling point is used as the apparent velocity. For the three-dimensional common offset vector gather, two points are selected on one axis of the coherent noise. The time sampling difference between the two points is , the spatial sampling difference between these two points is , then the calculation process of the first dip angle of coherent noise is shown in formula (4):

[0058] (4);

[0059] in, is the inverse tangent function.

[0060] Step D: screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients using the first inclination angle, and taking the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients with an inclination angle smaller than the first inclination angle as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0061] Among them, taking the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients with an inclination angle smaller than the first inclination angle as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients can be understood as retaining the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients with an angle smaller than the first inclination angle.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened by using the first inclination angle, and the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients with an inclination angle less than the first inclination angle are retained, which may include: for the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients , for inclination angles greater than the coherent noise To set it to zero, it can be specifically shown as formula (5):

[0063] (5);

[0064] in, The tilt error control item set to retain the effective wave can generally be 5 degrees.

[0065] Through the above settings, the coherent noise can be suppressed and removed.

[0066] Step 104, reconstructing the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain target three-dimensional common offset vector gathers.

[0067] Wherein, in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather, the coherent noise has been removed.

[0068] The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients contain six dimensions, so the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target obtained after screening are also six-dimensional. In the embodiment of the present application, by integrating the coefficients of these six dimensions along the three directions of scale, inclination and azimuth, the three-dimensional common offset vector gather of the target with the coherent noise removed can be obtained. Specifically, it can be shown as formula (6): (6);

[0069] in is the ratio of pi.

[0070] like Figure 5 The figure shows a 2D profile of a 3D common offset vector gather with coherent noise removed. Figure 5 and Figure 3 By comparison, it can be seen that the coherent noise is greatly attenuated.

[0071] like Figure 6The figure shows the time section of the 3D common offset vector gather after the coherent noise has been removed. Figure 6 and Figure 4 By comparison, it can be seen that the coherent noise is greatly attenuated and the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved.

[0072] Step 105: Replace the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common-offset vector gather.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present application, step 105 can also be understood as extracting the target three-dimensional common offset vector gathers back to the seismic shot gathers.

[0074] In specific implementation, the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather can be The seismic traces in the dataset are sorted and the seismic traces with the same shot points are reassembled into a common shot point gather.

[0075] It can be understood that the seismic shot gather denoising method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: extracting multiple target seismic trace data from the seismic shot gather, obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the multiple target seismic trace data, and the multiple target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; based on Fourier Mellin transform, performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficient; screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficient according to the apparent velocity difference between coherent noise and effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain a target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficient; reconstructing the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficient to obtain a target three-dimensional common offset vector gather; and replacing the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather. By constructing a three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the waveforms of the effective reflection waves of each seismic channel data in the gather have high consistency, and by performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common-offset vector gather, the difference between the effective reflection wave and the coherent noise can be increased, so that the coherent noise is easier to remove, thereby improving the removal effect of the coherent noise.

[0076] In addition, based on the seismic shot gather denoising method provided in the embodiment of the present application, after performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are further screened and reconstructed according to the apparent velocity of the coherent noise, so that the three-dimensional common offset vector gather after the coherent noise is removed can be directly and accurately obtained. Therefore, after the three-dimensional common offset vector gather after the coherent noise is removed is extracted back to the original seismic shot gather, the signal-to-noise ratio of the shot gather data can be effectively improved, especially the near-offset data.

[0077] On the other hand, by constructing a three-dimensional common offset vector gather, the waveform of the effective reflection wave of each seismic trace data in the gather has a high consistency, which increases the difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave, and at the same time, the sparsity of the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform domain can be improved. The seismic shot gather denoising method provided in the embodiment of the present application decomposes the three-dimensional common offset vector gather into a six-dimensional space by using a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, so that the effective reflection wave and the coherent noise can be distinguished in a higher dimension, which is conducive to removing the coherent noise through the sparsity and directionality of the three-dimensional wavelet transform coefficients of the effective reflection wave.

[0078] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a seismic shot gather denoising method. It should be understood that although Figure 1 The steps in the flowchart are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified in this document, there is no strict order restriction for the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, Figure 1 At least part of the steps may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0079] Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The structure block diagram of a seismic shot gather denoising device according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown. In one embodiment, a seismic shot gather denoising device 700 is provided, comprising a data extraction module 710, a transformation module 720, a screening module 730, a data reconstruction module 740 and a data relocation module 750, wherein: A data extraction module 710 is used to extract a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; A transformation module 720 is used to perform a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; A screening module 730 is used to screen the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; A data reconstruction module 740 is used to reconstruct the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients to obtain a target three-dimensional common offset vector gather; The data resetting module 750 is used to replace the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0080] The seismic shot gather denoising device includes a processor and a memory. The data extraction module 710, transformation module 720, screening module 730, data reconstruction module 740 and data resetting module 750 are all stored in the memory as program units, and the processor executes the above program modules stored in the memory to implement corresponding functions.

[0081] The processor includes a kernel, which calls the corresponding program unit from the memory. One or more kernels can be set, and the kernel parameters can be adjusted to achieve fast and efficient prediction of sand body distribution at the full chip scale.

[0082] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0083] An embodiment of the present application provides a machine-readable storage medium on which a program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned seismic shot gather denoising method is implemented.

[0084] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 8 As shown. The computer device includes a processor A01, a network interface A02, a display screen A04, an input device A05 and a memory (not shown in the figure) connected through a system bus. Among them, the processor A01 of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes an internal memory A03 and a non-volatile storage medium A06. The non-volatile storage medium A06 stores an operating system B01 and a computer program B02. The internal memory A03 provides an environment for the operation of the operating system B01 and the computer program B02 in the non-volatile storage medium A06. The network interface A02 of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor A01, a seismic shot gathering denoising method is implemented. The display screen A04 of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display or an electronic ink display, and the input device A05 of the computer device can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad set on the computer device housing, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse.

[0085] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 8The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0086] In one embodiment, the seismic shot gather denoising device provided in the present application can be implemented in the form of a computer program. The computer program can be Figure 8 The computer device shown in the figure is run on the computer device. The memory of the computer device can store various program modules that constitute the construction task intelligent scheduling device, such as: Figure 7 The data extraction module 710, transformation module 720, screening module 730, data reconstruction module 740 and data resetting module 750 are shown. The computer program composed of various program modules enables the processor to execute the steps of the seismic shot gather denoising method of various embodiments of the present application described in this specification.

[0087] Figure 8 The computer device shown can be Figure 7 The data extraction module 710, the transformation module 720, the screening module 730, the data reconstruction module 740 and the data resetting module 750 in the seismic shot gather denoising device shown execute the method.

[0088] The embodiment of the present application provides a device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following steps are implemented: Extracting a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; Based on Fourier-Mellin transform, performing three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; Reconstructing the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target to obtain the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers of the target; The target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather are replaced with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

[0089] In one embodiment, obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data comprises: The plurality of target seismic trace data are rearranged according to the spatial positions corresponding to the plurality of target seismic trace data to obtain the three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather.

[0090] In one embodiment, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is performed on the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including: Using the mother wavelet function of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, a discrete form of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform that meets the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data is constructed to obtain a three-dimensional wavelet; The three-dimensional common offset vector gathers are multiplied by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and an inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0091] In one embodiment, multiplying the three-dimensional common-offset vector gathers by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier-Mellin domain comprises: Resampling the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers and transforming them into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain first transformed data; Resampling the three-dimensional wavelet and transforming it into the Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain second transformed data; The first transformed data is multiplied by the second transformed data.

[0092] In one embodiment, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is performed on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on the Fourier-Mellin transform, based on the following formula:

[0093] ;

[0094] in, The result obtained by resampling the 3D common offset vector gathers and performing Fourier-Mellin transform; The result obtained after Fourier-Mellin transform of three-dimensional wavelet resampling.

[0095] In one embodiment, the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including: Converting the apparent velocity of the coherent noise into a first inclination angle; The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened using the first inclination angle, and the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle less than the first inclination angle are used as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

[0096] In one embodiment, the screening of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients by using the first inclination angle includes: setting coefficients of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle greater than the first inclination angle to zero.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0098] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0099] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0100] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0101] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0102] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0103] Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0104] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0105] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A seismic shot gather denoising method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Extracting a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; Based on Fourier-Mellin transform, performing three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; Reconstructing the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target to obtain the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers of the target; The target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather are replaced with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

2. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data comprises: The plurality of target seismic trace data are rearranged according to the spatial positions corresponding to the plurality of target seismic trace data to obtain the three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather.

3. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is performed on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including: Using the mother wavelet function of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, a discrete form of three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform that meets the reconstruction accuracy of pre-stack seismic data is constructed to obtain a three-dimensional wavelet; The three-dimensional common offset vector gathers are multiplied by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain, and an inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

4. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multiplying the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers by the three-dimensional wavelet in the Fourier Mellin domain comprises: Resampling the three-dimensional common offset vector gathers and transforming them into a Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain first transformed data; Resampling the three-dimensional wavelet and transforming it into the Fourier-Mellin domain to obtain second transformed data; The first transformed data is multiplied by the second transformed data.

5. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The three-dimensional common offset vector gathers are subjected to a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform based on the Fourier-Mellin transform, based on the following formula: ； in, The result obtained by resampling the 3D common offset vector gathers and performing Fourier-Mellin transform; The result obtained after Fourier-Mellin transform of three-dimensional wavelet resampling.

6. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather to obtain the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients, including: Converting the apparent velocity of the coherent noise into a first inclination angle; The three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients are screened using the first inclination angle, and the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients having an inclination angle less than the first inclination angle are used as the target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients.

7. The seismic shot gather denoising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The screening of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients by using the first inclination angle includes: setting the coefficients of the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients whose inclination angles are greater than the first inclination angle to zero.

8. A seismic shot gather denoising device, characterized in that: include: A data extraction module, used to extract a plurality of target seismic trace data from a seismic shot gather, and obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector trace gather based on the plurality of target seismic trace data, wherein the plurality of target seismic trace data have the same offset and the same azimuth; A transformation module, used for performing a three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform on the three-dimensional common offset vector gather based on Fourier-Mellin transform to obtain three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; A screening module, used for screening the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients according to the apparent velocity difference between the coherent noise and the effective reflection wave in the three-dimensional common offset vector gather, so as to obtain target three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients; A data reconstruction module, used for reconstructing the three-dimensional continuous wavelet transform coefficients of the target to obtain a three-dimensional common offset vector gather of the target; The data resetting module is used to replace the target seismic trace data in the seismic shot gather with the seismic trace data in the target three-dimensional common offset vector gather.

9. A processor, characterized in that: The method is configured to perform the seismic shot gather denoising method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A machine-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the instruction is executed by a processor, the processor is configured to perform the seismic shot gather denoising method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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