Hydraulic ring geological structure detection method and system based on geological radar

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic ring geologic structure detection method and system based on a geological radar, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic ring geologic structure detection. Based on a geologic structure of a detection area and a detection target, obtained geological radar image data and seismic wave data are subjected to joint inversion; and comparing a joint inversion result with an actual condition, obtaining a geological radar and seismic wave joint inversion result by determining a stratigraphic interface, lithology change and anomalous body position in a geological radar image and setting an initial velocity model, a density model and parameters of inversion, and establishing a finite element model of a hydraulic ring geological structure. The method comprises the following steps: performing grid division on a hydraulic ring geologic structure, setting constraint conditions of the hydraulic ring geologic structure, simulating a load effect under an actual working condition, obtaining stress distribution, a displacement field and bearing capacity key indexes of the hydraulic ring geologic structure, and monitoring the change condition of the hydraulic ring geologic structure in real time. The method can improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and environmental geological structure detection, and more specifically to a water conservancy and environmental geological structure detection method and system based on geological radar. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogeological and environmental structures refer to underground and surface geological structures and features related to water conservancy projects, environmental engineering and geological engineering, including stratigraphic distribution, rock property changes, faults, landslides, groundwater flow, etc., which have an important impact on the stability, safety and economy of engineering projects. Understanding and accurately detecting these geological structures is a prerequisite for engineering design and construction.

[0003] The reason for conducting water conservancy and environmental geological structure detection is that accurate geological information helps to identify potential geological disaster risks, such as landslides, fault activities, groundwater gushing, etc., so as to take preventive measures to ensure the safety of the project. By detecting the geological structure, the project design plan can be optimized, unnecessary geological treatment costs can be avoided, and project costs can be reduced. Understanding the geological structure helps to rationally plan the use of water resources, protect the ecological environment, and achieve sustainable development of the project. Therefore, it is very necessary to detect the water conservancy and environmental geological structure.

[0004] Traditional methods for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures mainly include drilling, pit exploration and geophysical exploration. Although these methods can directly obtain physical samples of underground rock and soil layers, they are complex to operate, costly, and have certain damage to the surface and underground environment. Although geophysical exploration (such as resistivity method, electromagnetic method, etc.) has the advantages of non-destructiveness and fast measurement speed, it is greatly restricted by terrain and geological conditions, and the interpretation results are multi-solutions, resulting in poor accuracy of detection results. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned fields, the present invention proposes a method and system for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological radar. The detection area is grid-scanned by a three-dimensional geological radar scanning system, and the geological radar image data of each scanning point is jointly inverted with the seismic wave data. The geological radar image data is analyzed, and the formation interface, lithology changes and abnormal bodies can be accurately identified. The finite element model of the water conservancy and environmental geological structure established can simulate the load effect under actual working conditions. By obtaining the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the water conservancy and environmental geological structure, the changes of the water conservancy and environmental geological structure can be monitored in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection results.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a method for detecting hydraulic and environmental geological structures based on geological radar, comprising the following steps:

[0007] According to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic ring geological structure, continuous scanning is carried out along the set survey line to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point;

[0008] Set up multiple measuring points around the detection area to collect seismic wave data;

[0009] Based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the geological radar image data and seismic wave data are jointly inverted, and the joint inversion results are compared with the actual situation. By determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set to obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves;

[0010] Based on the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, a finite element model of the hydrogeological structure is established; based on the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed, and by setting the constraints of the hydrogeological structure, the load effect under actual working conditions is simulated to obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydrogeological structure;

[0011] According to the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are monitored in real time.

[0012] Preferably, the obtaining of the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves comprises the following steps:

[0013] Time synchronization and coordinate matching of geological radar image data and seismic wave data, and preprocessing of seismic wave data, including denoising and baseline correction;

[0014] According to the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set. The initial velocity model is preliminarily divided according to the stratum interface and lithology changes in the geological radar image, and the density model is set by referring to known geological data or empirical values;

[0015] The selected joint inversion algorithms include Bayesian inversion and genetic algorithm inversion. Parameters are prepared according to the requirements of the joint inversion algorithm, including geological radar image data, seismic wave data, and initial model;

[0016] Run the joint inversion algorithm to gradually approach the real geological structure through iterative calculations. During the inversion process, adjust the initial model parameters in a timely manner according to the adjustment suggestions fed back by the joint inversion algorithm;

[0017] Compare the joint inversion results with the actual situation and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the inversion. The evaluation results include the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body locations in the geological radar image; adjust the parameters or initial model of the joint inversion algorithm based on the evaluation results, and repeat the inversion process until the set initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion meet the requirements.

[0018] Preferably, obtaining the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic ring geological structure comprises the following steps:

[0019] According to the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio mechanical parameters of each rock layer are determined, and the boundary conditions of the hydraulic ring geological structure are set, including deadweight, water pressure external load and contact relationship between strata. The boundary conditions are used as constraints to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic ring geological structure through FLAC3D.

[0020] According to the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed by FLAC3D, and the mesh size is adjusted to 0.5m to 2m according to the complexity of the geological structure and the calculation requirements;

[0021] Run FLAC3D to simulate the load effects under actual working conditions, including uniform loading and concentrated loading. Use the software to perform finite element analysis and calculation on the hydraulic and environmental geological structures. During the calculation process, monitor the changes in key indicators such as stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity.

[0022] According to the changes in the monitored stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators, the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic engineering and environmental geological structures are analyzed, the stability and safety of the hydraulic engineering and environmental geological structures are evaluated, and it is determined whether reinforcement measures are needed.

[0023] Preferably, the acquisition of geological radar image data of each scanning point comprises the following steps:

[0024] Select the geological radar equipment with a center frequency of 100MHz, adjust the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain, gain adjustment and sampling interval;

[0025] Use GPS positioning device to measure the detection area boundary of hydraulic and environmental geological structure, use tape measure to measure key distance, take rock or soil samples on the surface for preliminary lithology analysis, test the pre-selected area, conduct continuous scanning along the set survey line, record geological radar image data, and adjust the gain and sampling interval parameters of geological radar in time according to the test results;

[0026] According to the size and shape of the detection area of ​​the hydraulic and geological structures, the scanning grid is planned using GIS software, and the grid point spacing is set to 0.4m to 0.6m to ensure that the entire area is evenly covered;

[0027] At each grid point, the scanning parameters of the geological radar are configured, including the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain and sampling interval, and the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain and sampling interval are consistent with the parameter settings corresponding to the selected geological radar equipment;

[0028] Start the automatic scanning function of the 3D geological radar scanning system, scan point by point according to the planned grid path, and record the geological radar image data of each scanning point, including reflection intensity, travel time and waveform characteristics.

[0029] Preferably, the method further comprises preprocessing the geological radar image data of each scanning point obtained, comprising the following steps:

[0030] After the scan is completed, the collected data is preliminarily checked to remove abnormal data points caused by equipment failure or external interference. For missing or abnormal data, interpolation or rescanning is performed based on adjacent point data to complete the data.

[0031] Use the filter function in MATLAB to filter the geological radar image data of each scanning point, set the Gaussian filter, window size and threshold parameters, and obtain the filtered geological radar image;

[0032] Through the image processing function in MATLAB, the filtered geological radar images are analyzed to identify the distribution and properties of the underground medium, including stratigraphic interfaces, lithological changes, and abnormal bodies.

[0033] Preferably, the real-time monitoring of changes in the hydraulic and environmental geological structures specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] Arrange groundwater monitoring wells in the detection area of ​​the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, install water level meters and water quality monitoring equipment, regularly record monitoring data including water level and water quality indicators, and establish a groundwater dynamic database;

[0035] A groundwater flow model was established through MODFLOW, and the formation permeability and water storage coefficient parameters were determined according to the geological structure characteristics and the data in the groundwater dynamic database; the boundary conditions of the groundwater flow model were set, including water source recharge and discharge conditions, and the monitoring data were input into the groundwater flow model as initial conditions, and the groundwater flow model was run to simulate the groundwater dynamics;

[0036] Based on the simulation results, the impact of groundwater changes on the bearing capacity of geological structures is evaluated and the future trend of groundwater level changes is predicted.

[0037] Preferably, the pulse width set in the process of acquiring the geological radar image data of each scanning point is in the range of 0.095ns to 0.105ns, the receiving antenna gain is in the range of 39.5dB to 40.5dB, and the sampling interval is in the tolerance range of 0.009m to 0.011m.

[0038] Preferably, it also includes a water conservancy and environmental geological structure detection system based on geological radar, including:

[0039] The data acquisition module is used to continuously scan along the set survey line according to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point; multiple measurement points are set around the detection area to collect seismic wave data;

[0040] The data inversion module is used to jointly invert the geological radar image data and seismic wave data based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, compare the joint inversion results with the actual situation, and obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves by determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, setting the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion;

[0041] The data monitoring module is used to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure based on the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves; grid the hydraulic and environmental geological structure based on the finite element model, simulate the load under actual working conditions by setting the constraints of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, and obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure; based on the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, monitor the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure in real time.

[0042] Preferably, a computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the following steps:

[0043] According to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic ring geological structure, continuous scanning is carried out along the set survey line to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point;

[0044] Set up multiple measuring points around the detection area to collect seismic wave data;

[0045] Based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the geological radar image data and seismic wave data are jointly inverted, and the joint inversion results are compared with the actual situation. By determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set to obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves;

[0046] Based on the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, a finite element model of the hydrogeological structure is established; based on the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed, and by setting the constraints of the hydrogeological structure, the load effect under actual working conditions is simulated to obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydrogeological structure;

[0047] According to the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are monitored in real time.

[0048] Preferably, it further comprises a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the following steps:

[0049] According to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic ring geological structure, continuous scanning is carried out along the set survey line to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point;

[0050] Set up multiple measuring points around the detection area to collect seismic wave data;

[0051] Based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the geological radar image data and seismic wave data are jointly inverted, and the joint inversion results are compared with the actual situation. By determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set to obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves;

[0052] Based on the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, a finite element model of the hydrogeological structure is established; based on the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed, and by setting the constraints of the hydrogeological structure, the load effect under actual working conditions is simulated to obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydrogeological structure;

[0053] According to the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are monitored in real time.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] The method for detecting the hydro-environmental geological structure based on the geological radar proposed in the present invention can comprehensively cover the detection area of ​​the hydro-environmental geological structure through continuous scanning, obtain detailed geological radar image data, and provide a basis for subsequent analysis. The collected seismic wave data provides information about the deep part of the geological structure, complements the geological radar image data, and enhances the accuracy and depth of detection. Through joint inversion, the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the hydro-environmental geological structure can be more accurately revealed, and the accuracy and reliability of the detection of the hydro-environmental geological structure can be improved. Through the establishment and analysis of the finite element model, the load effect under actual working conditions can be simulated, and the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydro-environmental geological structure can be obtained, which provides a basis for the stability and safety assessment of the hydro-environmental geological structure. At the same time, by real-time monitoring of the changes in the hydro-environmental geological structure, the changing trend of the geological structure can be discovered in time, providing early warning and decision support for taking necessary reinforcement measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for detecting hydraulic and environmental geological structures based on geological radar proposed in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will be combined with the attached embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only used to describe specific implementation methods and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a method for detecting hydraulic and environmental geological structures based on geological radar, which includes the following steps:

[0059] S1: According to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic ring geological structure, continuous scanning is performed along the set survey line to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point;

[0060] S2: Set up multiple measuring points around the detection area to collect seismic wave data;

[0061] S3: Based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the geological radar image data and the seismic wave data are jointly inverted, and the joint inversion results are compared with the actual situation. By determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set to obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves;

[0062] S4: Based on the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, a finite element model of the hydrogeological structure is established; based on the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed, and by setting the constraints of the hydrogeological structure, the load under actual working conditions is simulated to obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydrogeological structure;

[0063] S5: Monitor the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structures in real time based on the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structures.

[0064] Specifically, obtaining the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves includes the following steps:

[0065] Time synchronization and coordinate matching of geological radar image data and seismic wave data, and preprocessing of seismic wave data, including denoising and baseline correction;

[0066] According to the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set. The initial velocity model is preliminarily divided according to the stratigraphic interface and lithology changes in the geological radar image, and the density model is set by referring to known geological data or empirical values;

[0067] The selected joint inversion algorithms include Bayesian inversion and genetic algorithm inversion. Parameters are prepared according to the requirements of the joint inversion algorithm, including geological radar image data, seismic wave data, and initial model;

[0068] Run the joint inversion algorithm to gradually approach the real geological structure through iterative calculations. During the inversion process, adjust the initial model parameters in a timely manner according to the adjustment suggestions fed back by the joint inversion algorithm;

[0069] Compare the joint inversion results with the actual situation and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the inversion. The evaluation results include the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body locations in the geological radar image; adjust the parameters or initial model of the joint inversion algorithm based on the evaluation results, and repeat the inversion process until the set initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion meet the requirements.

[0070] Obtaining the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic ring geological structure includes the following steps:

[0071] According to the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio mechanical parameters of each rock layer are determined, and the boundary conditions of the hydraulic ring geological structure are set, including deadweight, water pressure external load and contact relationship between strata. The boundary conditions are used as constraints to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic ring geological structure through FLAC3D.

[0072] According to the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed by FLAC3D, and the mesh size is adjusted to 0.5m to 2m according to the complexity of the geological structure and the calculation requirements;

[0073] Run FLAC3D to simulate the load effects under actual working conditions, including uniform loading and concentrated loading. Use the software to perform finite element analysis and calculation on the hydraulic and environmental geological structures. During the calculation process, monitor the changes in key indicators such as stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity.

[0074] According to the changes in the monitored stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators, the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic engineering and environmental geological structures are analyzed, the stability and safety of the hydraulic engineering and environmental geological structures are evaluated, and it is determined whether reinforcement measures are needed.

[0075] Obtaining geological radar image data for each scanning point includes the following steps:

[0076] Select the geological radar equipment with a center frequency of 100MHz, adjust the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain, gain adjustment and sampling interval;

[0077] Use GPS positioning device to measure the detection area boundary of hydraulic and environmental geological structure, use tape measure to measure key distance, take rock or soil samples on the surface for preliminary lithology analysis, test the pre-selected area, conduct continuous scanning along the set survey line, record geological radar image data, and adjust the gain and sampling interval parameters of geological radar in time according to the test results;

[0078] According to the size and shape of the detection area of ​​the hydraulic and geological structures, the scanning grid is planned using GIS software, and the grid point spacing is set to 0.4m to 0.6m to ensure that the entire area is evenly covered;

[0079] At each grid point, the scanning parameters of the geological radar are configured, including the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain and sampling interval, and the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain and sampling interval are consistent with the parameter settings corresponding to the selected geological radar equipment;

[0080] Start the automatic scanning function of the 3D geological radar scanning system, scan point by point according to the planned grid path, and record the geological radar image data of each scanning point, including reflection intensity, travel time and waveform characteristics.

[0081] The geological radar image data of each scanning point is preprocessed, including the following steps:

[0082] After the scan is completed, the collected data is preliminarily checked to remove abnormal data points caused by equipment failure or external interference. For missing or abnormal data, interpolation or rescanning is performed based on adjacent point data to complete the data.

[0083] Use the filter function in MATLAB to filter the geological radar image data of each scanning point, set the Gaussian filter, window size and threshold parameters, and obtain the filtered geological radar image;

[0084] Through the image processing function in MATLAB, the filtered geological radar images are analyzed to identify the distribution and properties of the underground medium, including stratigraphic interfaces, lithological changes, and abnormal bodies.

[0085] Real-time monitoring of changes in water conservancy and environmental geological structures includes the following steps:

[0086] Arrange groundwater monitoring wells in the detection area of ​​the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, install water level meters and water quality monitoring equipment, regularly record monitoring data including water level and water quality indicators, and establish a groundwater dynamic database;

[0087] A groundwater flow model was established through MODFLOW, and the formation permeability and water storage coefficient parameters were determined according to the geological structure characteristics and the data in the groundwater dynamic database; the boundary conditions of the groundwater flow model were set, including water source recharge and discharge conditions, and the monitoring data were input into the groundwater flow model as initial conditions, and the groundwater flow model was run to simulate the groundwater dynamics;

[0088] Based on the simulation results, the impact of groundwater changes on the bearing capacity of geological structures is evaluated and the future trend of groundwater level changes is predicted.

[0089] The pulse width set in the process of acquiring the geological radar image data of each scanning point is in the range of 0.095ns to 0.105ns, the receiving antenna gain is in the range of 39.5dB to 40.5dB, and the sampling interval is in the tolerance range of 0.009m to 0.011m.

[0090] The present invention also proposes a water conservancy and environmental geological structure detection system based on geological radar, comprising:

[0091] The data acquisition module is used to continuously scan along the set survey line according to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point; multiple measurement points are set around the detection area to collect seismic wave data;

[0092] The data inversion module is used to jointly invert the geological radar image data and seismic wave data based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, compare the joint inversion results with the actual situation, and obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves by determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, setting the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion;

[0093] The data monitoring module is used to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure based on the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves; grid the hydraulic and environmental geological structure based on the finite element model, simulate the load under actual working conditions by setting the constraints of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, and obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure; based on the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, monitor the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure in real time.

[0094] The method for detecting the hydro-environmental geological structure based on the geological radar proposed in the present invention can comprehensively cover the detection area of ​​the hydro-environmental geological structure through continuous scanning, obtain detailed geological radar image data, and provide a basis for subsequent analysis. The collected seismic wave data provides information about the deep part of the geological structure, complements the geological radar image data, and enhances the accuracy and depth of detection. Through joint inversion, the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the hydro-environmental geological structure can be more accurately revealed, and the accuracy and reliability of the detection of the hydro-environmental geological structure can be improved. Through the establishment and analysis of the finite element model, the load effect under actual working conditions can be simulated, and the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydro-environmental geological structure can be obtained, which provides a basis for the stability and safety assessment of the hydro-environmental geological structure. At the same time, by real-time monitoring of the changes in the hydro-environmental geological structure, the changing trend of the geological structure can be discovered in time, providing early warning and decision support for taking necessary reinforcement measures.

[0095] In summary, the method for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological geological radar proposed in the present invention realizes high-precision detection and comprehensive analysis of water conservancy and environmental geological structures by comprehensively using geological radar and seismic wave data, combining joint inversion technology and finite element analysis method. It not only improves the accuracy and reliability of water conservancy and environmental geological structure detection, but also can monitor the changes of water conservancy and environmental geological structures in real time, provide technical support for the design, construction and monitoring of water conservancy and environmental geological projects, more effectively evaluate the stability and safety of geological structures, and provide a scientific basis for the safe operation of projects and disaster prevention.

[0096] Example

[0097] In order to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in the present invention, the present invention takes a method for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological radar as an example and conducts the following analysis.

[0098] The method is implemented based on geological radar equipment and data transmission system. In practical application, it includes the following steps:

[0099] Step 1: Select the geological radar equipment with a center frequency of 100MHz, ensure that the transmitting antenna, receiving antenna and control system are normal, adjust the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain, gain adjustment and sampling interval.

[0100] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0101] Accurately adjust the center frequency of the geological radar to 100MHz, use the radar control panel to enter the frequency value and confirm; set the pulse width to 0.1ns, and achieve it by adjusting the time delay parameters of the pulse generator to ensure that the pulse width is in the range of 0.095ns to 0.105ns; gradually increase the gain of the receiving antenna to 40dB, and perform signal testing after each adjustment to ensure that the gain value is stable between 39.5dB and 40.5dB; set the sampling interval to 0.01m, and check the actual application effect of the sampling interval after confirming the setting to ensure that it is within the tolerance range of 0.009m to 0.011m.

[0102] Step 2: Use a GPS locator to measure the boundaries of the detection area of ​​the hydraulic and geological structures, use a tape measure to measure the key distance, take rock or soil samples on the surface for preliminary lithology analysis, select representative areas for testing based on the preliminary survey results, conduct continuous scanning along the set survey line, record the geological radar image data, and adjust the gain and sampling interval parameters of the geological radar in a timely manner based on the test results.

[0103] Step 3: Use the 3D geological radar scanning system to perform a grid scan of the detection area to ensure that each point is scanned, and record the geological radar image data of each scanning point, including reflection intensity, travel time and waveform characteristics.

[0104] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0105] According to the size and shape of the detection area of ​​the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, the scanning grid is planned using GIS software, and the grid point spacing is set to 0.4 meters to 0.6 meters to ensure that the entire area is evenly covered; at each grid point, the scanning parameters of the geological radar are configured, including repeating the center frequency, pulse width, gain and sampling interval settings in step 1 to ensure that the scanning conditions of each point are consistent; the automatic scanning function of the three-dimensional geological radar scanning system is started, and the geological radar image data of each point is recorded, including reflection intensity, travel time and waveform characteristics; after the scan is completed, the collected data is preliminarily checked to eliminate abnormal data points caused by equipment failure or external interference. For missing or abnormal data, interpolation or rescanning is performed based on the adjacent point data; the qualified data is sorted according to the grid point position to form a three-dimensional data set, the data set is stored in the storage medium, and backed up to the remote server.

[0106] Step 4: Process and analyze the scanned data, import the geological radar image data in step 3, use the 3D modeling function to generate a 3D model of the geological structure, smooth, cut and render the model to improve the accuracy and visualization of the model.

[0107] Step 5: Use the filtering function in MATLAB to filter the geological radar image data, set the Gaussian filter, window size and threshold parameters, and evaluate whether the filtering effect meets the requirements by comparing the images before and after filtering.

[0108] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0109] In MATLAB, a Gaussian filter was selected for image filtering, the filter window was adjusted to 3×3 to 7×7 pixels, and the threshold parameter was set to 0.05 to 0.15; the filtering function in MATLAB was called to filter the geological radar image data; the images before and after filtering were compared to observe the noise reduction and image clarity improvement effects, and the signal-to-noise ratio and peak signal-to-noise ratio indicators were used to evaluate the filtering effect; according to the evaluation results, the filter window size and threshold parameters were adjusted, and the filtering processing and effect evaluation steps were repeated until the best filtering effect was achieved.

[0110] Step 6: Use the image processing function in MATLAB to analyze the filtered geological radar image, identify the distribution and properties of the underground medium, including stratigraphic interfaces, lithological changes, and anomalies, mark the location and properties of key geological structures on the image, and record relevant information.

[0111] Step 7: Arrange the seismic wave receiving device and connect it to the data acquisition system, set up multiple measuring points around the detection area, stimulate seismic waves and record the received waveform data at the same time, organize and analyze the collected seismic wave data, extract key information of wave velocity and amplitude, and jointly invert the geological radar image data and seismic wave data. According to the geological structure and detection target, set the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion, and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the inversion by comparing the inversion results with the actual situation.

[0112] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0113] The geological radar image data and seismic wave data are synchronized in time and coordinate matched, and the seismic wave data are preprocessed, including denoising and baseline correction; according to the geological structure and detection target, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set. The velocity model is preliminarily divided according to the stratigraphic interface and lithological changes in the geological radar image, and the density model is set with reference to known geological data or empirical values; a suitable joint inversion algorithm is selected, such as Bayesian inversion and genetic algorithm inversion, and input data, i.e. parameters, including geological radar image data, seismic wave data, and initial model are prepared according to the algorithm requirements; the joint inversion algorithm is run to gradually approach the real geological structure through iterative calculation. During the inversion process, the initial model parameters are adjusted in time according to the adjustment suggestions fed back by the algorithm; the inversion results are compared with the actual situation to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the inversion. The evaluation results include the stratigraphic interface, lithological changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image. The inversion algorithm parameters or initial model are adjusted according to the evaluation results, and the inversion process is repeated until the requirements are met.

[0114] Step 8: According to the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio mechanical parameters of each rock layer are determined, and the boundary conditions of the hydraulic ring geological structure are set, including self-weight, water pressure external load and contact relationship between strata as constraints, and the hydraulic ring geological structure is meshed using FLAC3D.

[0115] Step 9: Establish a finite element model of the hydrogeological structure to simulate the load effects under actual working conditions, including uniform loading and concentrated loading. Calculate the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydrogeological structure through software. Evaluate the stability and safety of the hydrogeological structure based on the calculation results to determine whether reinforcement measures are needed.

[0116] Step 10: Reasonably arrange groundwater monitoring wells in the detection area, install water level meters and water quality monitoring equipment, regularly record monitoring data, establish a groundwater dynamic database, use MODFLOW to establish a groundwater flow model, consider the formation permeability and water storage coefficient parameters, set the model's boundary conditions, including water source recharge and discharge conditions, input monitoring data as initial conditions, run the model to simulate groundwater dynamics, evaluate the impact of groundwater changes on the bearing capacity of geological structures based on the simulation results, and predict future groundwater level changes.

[0117] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0118] Based on the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, a finite element model of the geological structure is established using FLAC3D; the geological structure is gridded, and the grid size is adjusted to 0.5 meters to 2 meters according to the complexity of the geological structure and the calculation requirements; the boundary conditions of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are set, including self-weight, water pressure external loads, and contact relationships between strata as constraints; FLAC3D is run to perform finite element analysis and calculations on the geological structure, and during the calculation process, the changes in key indicators of stress distribution, displacement field, and bearing capacity are monitored; based on the calculation results, the stress distribution, displacement field, and bearing capacity of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are analyzed, and the stability and safety of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are evaluated.

[0119] Step 11: Arrange long-term monitoring points at fault zones and landslide geological structures, install displacement monitors and stress monitors, and monitor changes in the water conservancy and environmental geological structures in real time.

[0120] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0121] Reasonably arrange groundwater monitoring wells in the detection area, install water level meters and water quality monitoring equipment, regularly record monitoring data, including water level and water quality indicators, and establish a groundwater dynamic database; use MODFLOW to establish a groundwater flow model, set the formation permeability and water storage coefficient parameters according to the characteristics of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure and the data in the groundwater dynamic database; input the monitoring data into the model as initial conditions, including the initial water level and water quality indicators of each monitoring well; run MODFLOW to perform groundwater dynamic simulation, and based on the simulation results, evaluate the impact of groundwater changes on the bearing capacity of the geological structure and predict future groundwater level changes.

[0122] Step 12: Establish a data transmission system to ensure that monitoring data can be uploaded to the data center in real time.

[0123] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0124] Arrange long-term monitoring points at fault zones and landslide geological structures, and install displacement monitors and stress monitors; establish a data transmission system, which includes a data acquisition module, a data transmission module and a data receiving module. The data acquisition module is used to collect data from the monitoring equipment, and the data transmission module transmits the data to the data receiving module via wired or wireless means; set the parameters of the data transmission system, including transmission frequency, data format, and transmission protocol; establish a data receiving system on a data center or remote server to receive and store data from the monitoring points; conduct real-time monitoring and analysis of the received monitoring data, and regularly compile the monitoring data and analysis results into reports.

[0125] The present invention is based on the fact that geological radar can emit high-frequency electromagnetic waves, penetrate the shallow surface, obtain high-resolution geological structure images, accurately identify stratum interfaces, lithology changes and abnormal bodies, and does not destroy the surface and underground environment during the detection process. It has little impact on the environment, the equipment is light, the operation is flexible, and it is suitable for various complex terrains and geological conditions. When processing the acquired geological radar image data, a variety of technical means such as three-dimensional scanning, filtering processing, image processing, and joint inversion are combined to improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. Through the data transmission system, the changes in the geological structure of the water conservancy project environment can be monitored in real time, and potential risks can be discovered in time. Its high resolution, non-destructiveness and real-time monitoring capabilities can greatly reduce engineering risks and costs.

[0126] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

[0127] In addition, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods related to the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

Claims

1. A method for detecting hydraulic and environmental geological structures based on geological radar, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: According to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic ring geological structure, continuous scanning is carried out along the set survey line to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point; Set up multiple measuring points around the detection area to collect seismic wave data; Based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the geological radar image data and seismic wave data are jointly inverted, and the joint inversion results are compared with the actual situation. By determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set to obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves; Based on the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, a finite element model of the hydrogeological structure is established; based on the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed, and by setting the constraints of the hydrogeological structure, the load effect under actual working conditions is simulated to obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydrogeological structure; According to the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are monitored in real time.

2. The method for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological radar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of obtaining the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves includes the following steps: Time synchronization and coordinate matching of geological radar image data and seismic wave data, and preprocessing of seismic wave data, including denoising and baseline correction; According to the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set. The initial velocity model is preliminarily divided according to the stratum interface and lithology changes in the geological radar image, and the density model is set by referring to known geological data or empirical values; The selected joint inversion algorithms include Bayesian inversion and genetic algorithm inversion. Parameters are prepared according to the requirements of the joint inversion algorithm, including geological radar image data, seismic wave data, and initial model; Run the joint inversion algorithm to gradually approach the real geological structure through iterative calculations. During the inversion process, adjust the initial model parameters in a timely manner according to the adjustment suggestions fed back by the joint inversion algorithm; Compare the joint inversion results with the actual situation and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the inversion. The evaluation results include the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body locations in the geological radar image; adjust the parameters or initial model of the joint inversion algorithm based on the evaluation results, and repeat the inversion process until the set initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion meet the requirements.

3. The method for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological radar according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The method of obtaining the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydraulic ring geological structure comprises the following steps: According to the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio mechanical parameters of each rock layer are determined, and the boundary conditions of the hydraulic ring geological structure are set, including deadweight, water pressure external load and contact relationship between strata. The boundary conditions are used as constraints to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic ring geological structure through FLAC3D. According to the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed by FLAC3D, and the mesh size is adjusted to 0.5m to 2m according to the complexity of the geological structure and the calculation requirements; Run FLAC3D to simulate the load effects under actual working conditions, including uniform loading and concentrated loading. Use the software to perform finite element analysis and calculation on the hydraulic and environmental geological structures. During the calculation process, monitor the changes in key indicators such as stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity. According to the changes in the monitored stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators, the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic engineering and environmental geological structures are analyzed, the stability and safety of the hydraulic engineering and environmental geological structures are evaluated, and it is determined whether reinforcement measures are needed.

4. The method for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological radar according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The method of obtaining geological radar image data of each scanning point comprises the following steps: Select the geological radar equipment with a center frequency of 100MHz, adjust the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain, gain adjustment and sampling interval; Use GPS positioning device to measure the detection area boundary of hydraulic and environmental geological structure, use tape measure to measure key distance, take rock or soil samples on the surface for preliminary lithology analysis, test the pre-selected area, conduct continuous scanning along the set survey line, record geological radar image data, and adjust the gain and sampling interval parameters of geological radar in time according to the test results; According to the size and shape of the detection area of ​​the hydraulic and geological structures, the scanning grid is planned using GIS software, and the grid point spacing is set to 0.4m to 0.6m to ensure that the entire area is evenly covered; At each grid point, the scanning parameters of the geological radar are configured, including the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain and sampling interval, and the center frequency, pulse width, receiving antenna gain and sampling interval are consistent with the parameter settings corresponding to the selected geological radar equipment; Start the automatic scanning function of the 3D geological radar scanning system, scan point by point according to the planned grid path, and record the geological radar image data of each scanning point, including reflection intensity, travel time and waveform characteristics.

5. The method for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological radar according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The method also includes preprocessing the geological radar image data of each scanning point obtained, including the following steps: After the scan is completed, the collected data is preliminarily checked to remove abnormal data points caused by equipment failure or external interference. For missing or abnormal data, interpolation or rescanning is performed based on adjacent point data to complete the data. Use the filter function in MATLAB to filter the geological radar image data of each scanning point, set the Gaussian filter, window size and threshold parameters, and obtain the filtered geological radar image; Through the image processing function in MATLAB, the filtered geological radar images are analyzed to identify the distribution and properties of the underground medium, including stratigraphic interfaces, lithological changes, and abnormal bodies.

6. The method for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological radar according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The real-time monitoring of changes in the hydraulic and environmental geological structures specifically includes the following steps: Arrange groundwater monitoring wells in the detection area of ​​the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, install water level meters and water quality monitoring equipment, regularly record monitoring data including water level and water quality indicators, and establish a groundwater dynamic database; A groundwater flow model was established through MODFLOW, and the formation permeability and water storage coefficient parameters were determined according to the geological structure characteristics and the data in the groundwater dynamic database; the boundary conditions of the groundwater flow model were set, including water source recharge and discharge conditions, and the monitoring data were input into the groundwater flow model as initial conditions, and the groundwater flow model was run to simulate the groundwater dynamics; Based on the simulation results, the impact of groundwater changes on the bearing capacity of geological structures is evaluated and the future trend of groundwater level changes is predicted.

7. The method for detecting water conservancy and environmental geological structures based on geological radar according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The pulse width set in the process of acquiring the geological radar image data of each scanning point is in the range of 0.095ns to 0.105ns, the receiving antenna gain is in the range of 39.5dB to 40.5dB, and the sampling interval is in the tolerance range of 0.009m to 0.011m.

8. A water conservancy and environmental geological structure detection system based on geological radar, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition module is used to continuously scan along the set survey line according to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point; Set up multiple measuring points around the detection area to collect seismic wave data; The data inversion module is used to jointly invert the geological radar image data and seismic wave data based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, compare the joint inversion results with the actual situation, and obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves by determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, setting the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion; The data monitoring module is used to establish a finite element model of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure based on the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves; grid the hydraulic and environmental geological structure based on the finite element model, simulate the load under actual working conditions by setting the constraints of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, and obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure; based on the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, monitor the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure in real time.

9. A computer device, characterized in that: The computer device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the following steps: According to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic ring geological structure, continuous scanning is carried out along the set survey line to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point; Set up multiple measuring points around the detection area to collect seismic wave data; Based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the geological radar image data and seismic wave data are jointly inverted, and the joint inversion results are compared with the actual situation. By determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set to obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves; Based on the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, a finite element model of the hydrogeological structure is established; based on the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed, and by setting the constraints of the hydrogeological structure, the load effect under actual working conditions is simulated to obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydrogeological structure; According to the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are monitored in real time.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor performs the following steps: According to the detection area boundary of the hydraulic ring geological structure, continuous scanning is carried out along the set survey line to obtain the geological radar image data of each scanning point; Set up multiple measuring points around the detection area to collect seismic wave data; Based on the geological structure and detection target of the detection area, the geological radar image data and seismic wave data are jointly inverted, and the joint inversion results are compared with the actual situation. By determining the stratigraphic interface, lithology changes and abnormal body positions in the geological radar image, the initial velocity model, density model and parameters of the inversion are set to obtain the joint inversion results of the geological radar and seismic waves; Based on the joint inversion results of geological radar and seismic waves, a finite element model of the hydrogeological structure is established; based on the finite element model, the hydrogeological structure is meshed, and by setting the constraints of the hydrogeological structure, the load effect under actual working conditions is simulated to obtain the stress distribution, displacement field and key bearing capacity indicators of the hydrogeological structure; According to the stress distribution, displacement field and bearing capacity key indicators of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure, the changes of the hydraulic and environmental geological structure are monitored in real time.

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