Hole arrangement method for surface mine blasting construction

Abstract

The invention discloses a hole distribution method for blasting construction of a surface mine, which innovatively determines a distribution line of smooth blasting holes, namely a smooth blasting surface boundary line, specifically combines a designed three-dimensional stope model with a three-dimensional terrain model (corresponding to an actual terrain) by utilizing three-dimensional software, finds out the smooth blasting surface boundary line, and finally determines the smooth blasting surface boundary line. Finally, three-dimensional software is used for simulating hole arrangement to generate hole arrangement coordinate data, the data are imported into a measuring instrument RTK for site point lofting, the digging depth displayed by a handbook is the drilling depth, drilling is carried out on site, compared with a traditional hole arrangement mode, the boundary contour line of a slope formed through blasting is basically consistent with a design boundary line, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved. And meanwhile, the problems that the safety platform is not wide enough and the open-pit mining boundary is reduced or enlarged are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mine blasting methods, in particular to a hole arrangement method for blasting construction in an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] During the blasting construction of open-pit mines, due to the influence of topographic and geomorphic conditions, the blasting perforation working surface is uneven and the operation is restricted. For special sites, the front chassis resistance line is too large and the hard rock with a relatively small inclination angle is prone to foundation, rock wall and large pieces after normal design perforation blasting. Subsequent treatment is extremely difficult, which affects both the cost and the progress of subsequent operations, and seriously affects the normal construction after blasting. The traditional method before construction is determined according to the three-dimensional model diagram of the mining site design, without considering the uneven terrain of the blasting site, resulting in uneven slopes after hole blasting, the boundary contour line of the final blasting formation is inconsistent with the design boundary line, the safety platform width is not enough, the open-pit mining boundary is reduced or expanded, and the foundation, rock wall and large pieces appear. Summary of the invention

[0003] (1) Technical problems to be solved: How to provide a method for blasting hole layout in open-pit mines to solve the problem of using traditional methods to determine the boundary line of the light blasting surface, resulting in uneven slope surface after hole layout blasting, the boundary contour line formed by the final blasting being inconsistent with the designed boundary line, insufficient width of the safety platform, and shrinking or expanding the open-pit mining boundary.

[0004] (2) The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for arranging holes for blasting construction in an open-pit mine, comprising the following steps:

[0005] a. Collect original data, including design slope angle and actual terrain elevation data,

[0006] b. Determine the boundary line of the slope light blasting surface. First, use 3D software to generate a 3D terrain model based on the actual terrain elevation data on site. Then use 3D software to generate a 3D stope model based on the designed boundary line and the designed slope angle. Then use 3D software to obtain the intersection line between the 3D terrain model and the 3D stope model. This intersection line is the boundary line of the slope light blasting surface.

[0007] c. Determine the construction area according to the boundary line of the slope smooth blasting surface and the position of the open surface, arrange holes in the construction area, arrange smooth blasting holes along the boundary line of the slope smooth blasting surface, the holes adjacent to the smooth blasting holes are auxiliary holes, and the remaining holes are main blasting holes. The area where the main blasting holes are located is the main blasting area.

[0008] d. Prepare the perforation design plan. The main blasting hole in the main blasting area shall be a vertical hole, and the light blasting hole shall be at a designed angle, which is consistent with the designed slope angle.

[0009] The angle of the auxiliary hole is determined based on the chassis resistance line W of the light blasting hole and the auxiliary hole chassis resistance line W1, which is the distance between the bottom of the light blasting hole and the bottom of the auxiliary hole. The chassis resistance line W1 of the auxiliary hole is the distance from the bottom of the auxiliary hole to the bottom of the nearest main blasting hole. The node of the two chassis resistance lines is the bottom position of the auxiliary hole. The slope angle is designed.

[0010]

[0011] The bottom elevation of some main blast holes located above the auxiliary holes is designed so that the safety distance between the bottom of these main blast holes and the wall of the auxiliary holes is E, and the bottom elevation of these main blast holes is B = A + H2.

[0012] e. Arrange holes using 3D software according to the requirements of steps c and d, and generate coordinate data for hole arrangement. Set the parameters in the hole arrangement data elevation column as the hole bottom elevation according to step d, import the data into the surveying instrument RTK for on-site point layout, and the digging depth displayed on the notebook is the drilling depth, and the actual hole arrangement can be carried out.

[0013] A further technical solution is to design the hole network parameters according to the slope of the free surface, hole diameter, rock hardness coefficient and explosive density when arranging holes.

[0014] (3) Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. For special terrain, innovative arrangements of blasting holes are determined. That is, the designed 3D mining site model is combined with the 3D terrain model (corresponding to the actual terrain) using 3D software to find the boundary line of the blasting surface. Finally, the 3D software is used to simulate the hole layout and generate the hole layout coordinate data. The data is imported into the surveying instrument RTK for on-site point layout. The digging depth displayed on the notebook is the drilling depth. Drilling is carried out on-site. Compared with the traditional hole layout method, the boundary contour line of the slope formed by blasting is basically consistent with the designed boundary line. At the same time, the problems of insufficient width of the safety platform and reduction or expansion of the open-pit mining boundary are solved.

[0016] 2. For hard rocks with too large resistance line of the front chassis and relatively small inclination angle, the hole network parameters are designed according to the slope of the free surface, hole diameter, rock hardness coefficient and density of explosives to eliminate the foundation and rock wall and reduce the rate of large blocks. The design and construction operation are simple, which greatly reduces the post-blasting processing time, improves the blasting quality and construction efficiency, and also reduces the post-processing cost, creating favorable conditions for the next step of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is an example of the three-dimensional terrain model map described in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2This is an example of the three-dimensional stope model diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the intersection line of the 3D terrain model and the 3D stope model obtained by using 3D software, that is, the boundary line of the light blasting surface (the red line in the figure);

[0020] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the perforation design scheme of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the perforation design scheme of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a diagram that converts RTK survey terrain elevation data into elevation points, generates contour lines, and imports them into 3Dmine:

[0023] Figure 7 Click the icon of Generate DTM 1 surface in the task bar of 3DMine software;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a surface illustration of the actual three-dimensional terrain model DTM1;

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a diagram that opens the three-dimensional design drawing of the mine site design in the 3DMine software and assigns elevation coordinate values ​​to each line;

[0026] Fig.10 It is to use the icon of generating DTM2 surface by clicking on it in the task bar of 3DMine interface;

[0027] Fig.11 It is a diagram of the generated three-dimensional stope model DTM2 surface;

[0028] Fig.12 It is to copy and paste DTM1 into DTM2 3DMine interface, and the intersection line between the two DTMs in the taskbar surface sub-item is shown;

[0029] Fig.13 It is a graphic representation of the smooth surface blasting boundary line (blue line);

[0030] Fig.14 This is a diagram of opening actual topographic survey data (elevation data) in 3DMine;

[0031] Fig.15 It is a diagram of generating a terrain three-dimensional model DTM1 from terrain survey data (elevation data);

[0032] Fig.16 It is a diagram of the smooth blasting boundary line obtained by intersecting the mine design three-dimensional stope model DTM2 and the actual mine three-dimensional terrain model DTM1.

[0033] Fig.17 It is a diagram of the hole arrangement between the smooth surface blasting boundary line and the edge line of the free surface of the blasting area in the 3DMine interface (the smooth blasting holes are arranged every 1.5 meters along the smooth surface blasting boundary line, the auxiliary holes are arranged every 3 meters at a distance of 3 meters from the smooth blasting holes in the direction of the free surface, and the main blasting holes are arranged between the auxiliary holes and the free surface);

[0034] Fig.18 This is a graphic representation of the actual coordinate parameters of the drilling holes reported to Excel (X, Y, Z) after the holes are arranged;

[0035] Fig.19 This is a graphic representation of the coordinate parameter report Excel (X, Y, Z).

[0036] In the attached figure: 1, open slope, 2, inclined working surface, 3, main blast hole, 4, bottom surface of main blast hole safety hole, 5, auxiliary hole, 6, light blast hole, 7, safety platform, H, blasting slope step height, Design slope angle, W, light blast hole chassis resistance line, L, hole depth, E, safety distance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] like Figure 1-Figure 19 A method for blasting hole arrangement in an open-pit mine comprises the following steps:

[0039] a. Collect original data, including design slope angle and actual terrain elevation data;

[0040] b. Determine the boundary line of the slope light explosion surface. First, generate a three-dimensional terrain model using three-dimensional software based on the actual terrain elevation data on site. Further generate a three-dimensional stope model using three-dimensional software based on the designed boundary line and the designed slope angle. Further use three-dimensional software to obtain the intersection line of the three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional stope model. The intersection line is the boundary line of the slope light explosion surface.

[0041] This step needs to be implemented with the help of 3D software. The specific process is as follows: import the topographic survey data into 3DMine software, use the surface sub-item in the task bar of the 3DMine software interface to generate DTM surface 1, then create a new 3DMine work interface, import the mine stope linear design, that is, the designed 3D stope model, and assign elevation values ​​to each line, use the surface sub-item in the task bar of the 3DMine software interface to generate DTM surface 2, copy and paste the original coordinates of DTM surface 2 to the DTM surface 1 interface, and use the surface sub-item in the task bar of the 3DMine software interface to obtain the intersection line between the two DTMs to obtain the sub-smooth surface blasting boundary line. Any 3D software can achieve this, not limited to 3Dmine.

[0042] c. Determine the construction area according to the boundary line of the slope smooth blasting surface and the position of the open surface, arrange holes in the construction area, arrange smooth blasting holes along the boundary line of the slope smooth blasting surface, the holes adjacent to the smooth blasting holes are auxiliary holes, and the remaining holes are main blasting holes. The area where the main blasting holes are located is the main blasting area.

[0043] d. Prepare the perforation design plan. The main blasting hole in the main blasting area shall be a vertical hole, and the light blasting hole shall be at a designed angle, which is consistent with the designed slope angle.

[0044] The angle of the auxiliary hole is determined based on the chassis resistance line W of the light blasting hole and the auxiliary hole chassis resistance line W1, which is the distance between the bottom of the light blasting hole and the bottom of the auxiliary hole. The chassis resistance line W1 of the auxiliary hole is the distance from the bottom of the auxiliary hole to the bottom of the nearest main blasting hole. The node of the two chassis resistance lines is the bottom position of the auxiliary hole, W1=W=row spacing, and the slope angle is designed.

[0045] Among them, the bottom elevation design of some main blasting holes located above the auxiliary holes is such that in order not to affect the normal detonation of the auxiliary holes, the safety distance E between the bottom of these main blasting holes and the hole wall of the auxiliary holes is set. The bottom elevation of these main blasting holes is B=A+H2, where A is the elevation of the slope bottom platform + 700, and H2 can be measured on the three-dimensional software diagram after the auxiliary hole angle and the safety distance E are determined. It is a fixed value, and the safety distance E only needs to be greater than the blasting range.

[0046] e. Arrange holes using 3D software according to the requirements of steps c and d, and generate hole arrangement coordinate data. Set the parameters in the hole arrangement data elevation column as the hole bottom elevation according to step d, import the data into the surveying instrument RTK for on-site point layout, and the digging depth displayed on the notebook is the drilling depth. Drill holes on site to complete the hole arrangement.

[0047] When arranging holes, the hole network parameters, that is, the row spacing, are designed based on the slope of the free surface, hole diameter, rock hardness coefficient and density of explosives. The row spacing can be designed by referring to traditional methods.

[0048] The following table uses simulation data to calculate the actual hole depth of the auxiliary hole.

[0049]

[0050] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for blasting hole arrangement in an open-pit mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Collect original data, including design slope angle and actual terrain elevation data; b. Determine the boundary line of the slope light explosion surface. First, generate a three-dimensional terrain model using three-dimensional software based on the actual terrain elevation data on site. Further generate a three-dimensional stope model using three-dimensional software based on the designed boundary line and the designed slope angle. Further use three-dimensional software to obtain the intersection line of the three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional stope model. The intersection line is the boundary line of the slope light explosion surface. c. Determine the construction area according to the boundary line of the slope smooth blasting surface and the position of the open surface, arrange holes in the construction area, arrange smooth blasting holes along the boundary line of the slope smooth blasting surface, the holes adjacent to the smooth blasting holes are auxiliary holes, and the remaining holes are main blasting holes. The area where the main blasting holes are located is the main blasting area; d. Prepare the perforation design plan. The main blasting hole in the main blasting area shall be a vertical hole, and the secondary blasting hole shall be at a designed angle, which is consistent with the designed slope angle; The angle of the auxiliary hole is determined based on the chassis resistance line W of the light blasting hole and the auxiliary hole chassis resistance line W1, which is the distance between the bottom of the light blasting hole and the bottom of the auxiliary hole. The chassis resistance line W1 of the auxiliary hole is the distance from the bottom of the auxiliary hole to the bottom of the nearest main blasting hole. The node of the two chassis resistance lines is the bottom position of the auxiliary hole. The slope angle is designed. The bottom elevation of some main blast holes located above the auxiliary holes is designed so as not to affect the normal detonation of the auxiliary holes. The bottom of these main blast holes is at a safe distance E from the wall of the auxiliary holes. The bottom elevation of these main blast holes is B = A + H2. e. Arrange holes using 3D software according to the requirements of steps c and d, and generate coordinate data for hole arrangement. Set the parameters in the hole arrangement data elevation column as the hole bottom elevation according to step d, import the data into the surveying instrument RTK for on-site point layout, and the digging depth displayed on the notebook is the drilling depth, and the actual hole arrangement can be carried out.

2. A method for blasting hole arrangement in an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: When arranging holes, the hole network parameters are designed based on the slope of the free surface, hole diameter, rock hardness coefficient and explosive density.

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