Curved surface groove machining method

Abstract

The invention relates to a curved surface groove machining method. The curved surface groove machining method comprises the following steps that S1, an intersecting line mathematical model of a groove is established; s2, determining an envelope curve equation of a groove curved surface by combining an interpolation principle with the intersecting line equation according to a groove parameter variable; s3, the envelope curve equation is converted into a macro program used for driving the numerical control machining machine tool to conduct groove machining in combination with the structure and shaft composition characteristics of the numerical control machining machine tool; s4, a proper cutter is selected, adaptive optimization is conducted on adjustable parameters of the numerical control machining machine tool, and the numerical control machining machine tool is driven by the macro program to conduct curved surface groove machining; according to the method, firstly, an intersecting line equation is deduced by utilizing a mathematical modeling method and combining a formula, then, an intersecting line is expanded to the whole groove by utilizing an interpolation principle to envelope the groove, then, an envelope line equation is converted into a macro program for machining of a numerical control machine tool, and efficient turning of the groove is achieved through cooperation of the numerical control machine tool and a numerical control facing head.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of complex structure curve processing design, and in particular to a curved surface groove processing method. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the processing of internal and external grooves of various shield equipment, hulls, cylinders and other shell products, manual flame cutting, air planing, water jet cutting and other methods are mainly adopted. These methods generally have low groove processing accuracy and low efficiency, and the groove surface is prone to various defects such as ablation, overcutting and undercutting, which are difficult to meet the requirements of various new products for processing efficiency, accuracy and surface quality. Especially in the shipbuilding industry, there is an urgent need for a process method based on metal cutting to solve the above problems. However, since the surface of shell products is generally a cylinder, a cone, etc., the internal and external grooves of the holes on such surfaces are spatial surfaces, and generally only five-axis processing is used. Although the conventional five-axis processing method can solve the problem of processing feasibility, due to the characteristics of the groove as a confined space surface, it can only be processed by ball-end cutters and other methods, which is extremely inefficient and difficult to meet the requirements of rapid processing of thousands of holes and grooves on cylinder parts. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the above description, the present invention provides a method to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0005] 1. A method for processing a curved surface groove, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Establish the mathematical model of the intersection line of the groove;

[0007] S2. According to the groove parameter variables, the envelope curve equation of the groove surface is determined by combining the interpolation principle with the intersection line equation;

[0008] S3, combining the structure and axis composition characteristics of the CNC machine tool, converting the envelope curve equation into a macro program for driving the CNC machine tool to perform groove processing;

[0009] S4, selecting a suitable tool, adaptively optimizing the adjustable parameters of the CNC machine tool, and driving the CNC machine tool to process the curved surface groove through the macro program.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0011] The surface groove processing method provided in the present application first utilizes a mathematical modeling method and a formula to derive an intersection line equation, then utilizes the interpolation principle to extend the intersection line to the entire groove to achieve the envelopment of the groove, and then converts the envelope line equation into a macro program for CNC machine tool processing, and realizes efficient turning of the groove through a CNC machine tool in conjunction with a CNC flat turntable.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0013] Furthermore, the establishment of the intersection line mathematical model of the groove includes:

[0014] Collect parameter data of main pipes and branch pipes;

[0015] Determine the intersection line rectangular coordinate system, and determine the parameter equations of the main pipe and the branch pipe according to the intersection line rectangular coordinate system;

[0016] The parametric equations of the main pipe and branch pipe are combined to determine the intersection line equation of the groove.

[0017] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the intersection line equation is:

[0018]

[0019] Where r is the radius of the branch pipe, R is the radius of the main pipe, α is the complementary angle between the branch pipe and the main pipe, and θ is the arc angle of any point on the intersection line passing through the main line on the branch pipe.

[0020] Furthermore, the groove parameter variables include at least one or more of groove angle, groove width and groove depth.

[0021] Furthermore, the envelope curve equation is calculated as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, Δ is the radial feed amount per circle of the envelope.

[0024] Furthermore, the CNC machining machine tool is an XYZAC five-axis machining machine tool, which can be oriented at any angle in space through the XYZAC five axes.

[0025] Further, the CNC machine tool comprises a main processing machine and a rotary table, and the main processing machine comprises a spindle box, a column, a slide seat, a bed, a first slide, a saddle, a second slide, a flat rotary disk and a cutter;

[0026] The slide is slidably mounted on the bed and slides in the direction of the X1 axis. The column is arranged at the upper end of the slide along the Y1 axis. The spindle box is slidably mounted on the column along the Y1 axis. The first ram is slidably connected to the spindle box along the Z1 axis. A saddle is connected to the end of the first ram. The second ram is slidably connected to the saddle along the W1 axis. The saddle can drive the second ram to rotate along the C1 axis and the A1 axis. The flat disk for mounting a cutter is mounted on the end of the second ram. The cutter can feed and move along the U1 axis and rotate along the SP1 axis on the flat disk.

[0027] The rotary table is used to drive the main pipe to rotate along the B1 axis;

[0028] Among them, the X1 axis and the Z1 axis are two vertical directions on the horizontal plane, the Y1 axis is the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the W1 axis is the telescopic direction of the saddle relative to the first slide, the A1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the Y1 axis, the C1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the Z1 axis, the U1 axis is the radial direction perpendicular to the W1 axis and parallel to the end face of the turntable, the SP1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the W1 axis, and the B1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the main pipe axis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a coordinate system of a mathematical model of an intersection line in a method for processing a curved surface groove according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a numerical control machine tool involved in a method for processing a curved surface groove according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the first rotation of the saddle in the CNC machine tool involved in the processing method;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a second rotation of a transfer saddle in a CNC machine tool involved in the processing method;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the movement of a cutter in a CNC machine tool involved in the processing method;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the rotation of the CNC machine tool re-return platform involved in the processing method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. Embodiments of the present application are provided in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0037] It will be appreciated that spatial relationship terms such as "under", "beneath", "below", "under", "above", "above", etc., may be used herein to describe the relationship of an element or feature shown in the figures to other elements or features. It will be appreciated that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, spatial relationship terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is flipped, an element or feature described as "under other elements" or "under it" or "under it" will be oriented as "on" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "under" may include both upper and lower orientations. In addition, the device may also include additional orientations (e.g., rotated 90° or other orientations), and the spatial descriptors used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0038] It should be noted that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or connected to the other element through an intermediate element. The "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", etc. if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc. have electrical signals or data transmission between each other.

[0039] When used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "said / the" may also include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include / comprise" or "have" etc. specify the presence of stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for processing a curved groove, which includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Establish the mathematical model of the intersection line of the groove;

[0042] Specifically, the mathematical model of the intersection line of the groove includes:

[0043] Collect parameter data of main pipes and branch pipes;

[0044] Determine the intersection line rectangular coordinate system, and determine the parameter equations of the main pipe and the branch pipe according to the intersection line rectangular coordinate system;

[0045] The parametric equations of the main pipe and branch pipe are combined to determine the intersection line equation of the groove.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it is a basic mathematical model of the intersection of the main pipe 10 and the branch pipe 20, wherein the parameter data of the main pipe and the branch pipe include the radius r of the branch pipe, the radius R of the main pipe, the complementary angle α between the branch pipe and the main pipe, and the arc angle θ of any point on the intersection line passing through the generatrix on the branch pipe.

[0047] It is stipulated that the branch pipe 20 is located in the X1Y1Z1O1 coordinate system, and its cylindrical surface parameter equation is:

[0048]

[0049] It is stipulated that the main pipe 10 is located in the XYZ coordinate system, and its cylindrical surface parameter equation is:

[0050] y 2 +z 2 =R 2 (2)

[0051] According to the fact that the intersection line is the common line of the two solid surfaces and the dividing line of the two solids, the points on the intersection line are the common points of the two solid surfaces, we can know that:

[0052]

[0053] After combining the above three sets of formulas, the calculation formula of the intersection line equation can be obtained as follows:

[0054]

[0055] S2. According to the groove parameter variables, the envelope curve equation of the groove surface is determined by combining the interpolation principle with the intersection line equation;

[0056] Interpolation is the process by which the CNC system of a machine tool determines the trajectory of tool movement according to a certain method. It can also be said that the method of calculating the intermediate points between known points according to a certain algorithm based on certain data on a known curve is also called "data point densification". The CNC device densifies the space between the starting point and the end point of the curve described by the program segment according to the information of the input part program, thereby forming the required contour trajectory. This "data densification" function is called "interpolation".

[0057] Among them, the groove parameters include groove angle, groove width, groove depth and other groove characteristic related dimensional data.

[0058] The calculation formula of the envelope curve equation is:

[0059]

[0060] Where Δ is the radial feed rate per circle of the envelope

[0061] S3, combining the structure and axis composition characteristics of the CNC machine tool, converting the envelope curve equation into a macro program for driving the CNC machine tool to perform groove processing;

[0062] In an embodiment of the present application, the CNC machining machine tool is an XYZAC five-axis machining machine tool, which can be oriented at any angle in space through the XYZAC five axes.

[0063] Specifically, as shown in 9 figures, the CNC machining center includes a machining host 100 and a rotary table 200, and the machining host 100 includes a bed 110, a slide 120, a column 130, a spindle box 140, a first slide 150, a saddle 160, a second slide 170, a flat rotary table 180 and a cutter 190.

[0064] The slide 120 is slidably mounted on the bed 110 and slides in the direction of the X1 axis. The column 130 is arranged at the upper end of the slide 120 along the Y1 axis. The spindle box 140 is slidably mounted on the column 130 along the Y1 axis. The first ram 150 is slidably connected to the spindle box 140 along the Z1 axis. A saddle 160 is connected to the end of the first ram 150. The second ram 170 is slidably connected to the saddle 160 along the W1 axis. The saddle 160 can drive the second ram 170 to rotate along the C1 axis and the A1 axis. The flat rotary disk 180 for mounting a cutter is mounted on the end of the second ram 170. The cutter 190 can feed and move along the U1 axis and rotate along the SP1 axis on the flat rotary disk 180.

[0065] The rotary table 200 is used to drive the main pipe 10 to rotate along the B1 axis;

[0066] Among them, the X1 axis and the Z1 axis are two vertical directions on the horizontal plane, the Y1 axis is the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the W1 axis is the telescopic direction of the saddle relative to the first slide, the A1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the Y1 axis, the C1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the Z1 axis, the U1 axis is the radial direction perpendicular to the W1 axis and parallel to the end face of the turntable, the SP1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the W1 axis, and the B1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the main pipe axis.

[0067] The above structure adopts a small slide on the basis of five axes to improve the dynamic response of the machine tool during curved surface turning and realize efficient processing of grooves. It is mainly used for the opening and groove rough processing, semi-finishing and finishing of various types of holes such as radial holes on the surface of cylindrical and conical shells, eccentric holes, holes at any angle in space, etc.

[0068] Taking the Siemens CNC system machine tool as an example, the above envelope curve equation is converted into a macro program in the following format:

[0069] M41

[0070] N1 R0 = groove width a

[0071] N2 R10 = groove depth b

[0072] N3 R1=branch pipe diameter variable c

[0073] N4 R2 = diameter variation of main pipe d

[0074] N5 R3=eccentricity e

[0075] N6 R4=Independent variable m range: 0~R5

[0076] N8 R6 = radial feed per revolution f

[0077] N7 R5=R0 / R total number of turns g

[0078] N9 R7=0

[0079] N10 G90G17G54G641

[0080] N11 M70

[0081] N12 TRANS z15.8

[0082] N13 FGROUP(X1,Y1,Z1,U1,SP)

[0083] N14 G1 X0Y0Z300 F1000

[0084] N15 SPOS = starting spindle angle h

[0085] N16 R11 = radius variable of the branch pipe at the intersection of the groove r

[0086] N17 R12 = radius variable R of the main pipe of the groove intersection line

[0087] N18 G1 U1=-R11 F300

[0088] N19 Z=SQRT(POT(R12)-POT(R11*cos(R7)-R3))-the distance from the intersection of the branch pipe axis and the outer circle of the main pipe to the central symmetry plane of the main pipe j F3000

[0089] N20 SP=DC(R7)F360

[0090] N21 AA:R11=bevel intersection line branch pipe radius variable r

[0091] N22 R12 = radius variable R of the main pipe of the groove intersection line

[0092] N23 G1 U1=-R11 Z=SQRT(POT(R12)-POT(R11*cos(R7)-R3))-the distance from the intersection of the branch pipe axis and the outer circle of the main pipe to the central symmetry plane of the main pipe j SP=DC(R7)F diameter variable d of the main pipe

[0093] N24; STOPRE

[0094] N25 R4=R4+0.01

[0095] N26

[0096] N27 IF R4<=R5

[0097] N28 R8=TRUNC(R4)

[0098] N29 R7=360*(R4-R8)

[0099] N30 GOTOB AA

[0100] N31 ENDIF

[0101] N32

[0102] N33 G91G0 Z100 F1000

[0103] N34 M02

[0104] Specifically, in a certain groove processing process, the groove width a=16.7mm, the groove depth b=14mm, the diameter variable of the branch pipe c=200mm, the diameter variable of the main pipe d=9000mm, the eccentricity e=1154.851, and the distance j=4087.393mm from the intersection of the branch pipe axis and the outer circle of the main pipe to the central symmetry plane of the main pipe are:

[0105] M41

[0106] N1 R0=16.7; groove width

[0107] N2 R10=14;groove depth

[0108] N3 R1=200; variable diameter of opening

[0109] N4 R2=9000; diameter variable of the cylindrical surface

[0110] N5 R3=1154.851; eccentricity

[0111] N6 R4=0; independent variable range: 0~R5

[0112] N8 R6=0.1; radial or axial feed per revolution

[0113] N7 R5=R0 / R6; total number of turns variable

[0114] N9 R7=0

[0115] N10 G90G17G54G641

[0116] N11 M70

[0117] N12 TRANS z15.8

[0118] N13 FGROUP(X1,Y1,Z1,U1,SP)

[0119] N14 G1 X0Y0Z300 F1000

[0120] N15 SPOS=90;Starting position spindle angle

[0121] N16 R11=R1 / 2+R0-R0*R4 / R5;Relative radius of small hole at groove intersection line r

[0122] N17 R12=R2 / 2-R10*R4 / R5;The radius of the cylindrical surface of the groove intersection line variable R

[0123] N18 G1 U1=-R11 F300

[0124] N19 Z=SQRT(POT(R12)-POT(R11*cos(R7)-R3))-4087.393F3000

[0125] N20 SP=DC(R7)F360

[0126] N21 AA: R11 = R1 / 2 + R0-R0*R4 / R5; radius variable of small hole at intersection line of groove r

[0127] N22 R12=R2 / 2-R10*R4 / R5;The radius of the cylindrical surface of the groove intersection line variable R

[0128] N23 G1 U1=-R11 Z=SQRT(POT(R12)-POT(R11*cos(R7)-R3))-4087.393SP=DC(R7)F9000

[0129] N24; STOPRE

[0130] N25 R4=R4+0.01

[0131] N26

[0132] N27 IF R4<=R5

[0133] N28 R8=TRUNC(R4)

[0134] N29 R7=360*(R4-R8)

[0135] N30 GOTOB AA

[0136] N31 ENDIF

[0137] N32

[0138] N33 G91G0 Z100 F1000

[0139] N34 M02

[0140] In CNC machine tools controlled by different CNC systems, the macro programs for converting the above envelope curve equations may be different. This is determined by the differences in the CNC systems themselves and will not be elaborated here.

[0141] S4, selecting a suitable tool, adaptively optimizing the adjustable parameters of the CNC machine tool, and driving the CNC machine tool to process the curved surface groove through the macro program.

[0142] The main features of this processing method are the derivation of the equation of the envelope curve of the groove surface, the conversion of the curve equation into a macro program, and the optimization design of the corresponding cutting edge parameters of the tool according to the specific groove parameters, and the high-speed multi-axis linkage debugging of the CNC system. At present, it has been applied on some equipment and has achieved efficient processing of curved surface grooves by turning, especially the processing of internal grooves with large interference, which has broad application prospects.

[0143] The present invention firstly uses mathematical formulas to derive the intersection line equations of various orthogonal, eccentric, oblique and other grooves, and then uses the interpolation principle to expand the intersection line to the entire groove to achieve the envelope of the groove, and then converts the envelope line equation into a macro program for CNC machine tool processing, and realizes efficient turning of the groove by using the CNC machine tool in conjunction with the CNC flat turntable. The advantages of this processing method are that on the one hand, due to the use of macro programs, the efficient processing of grooves of different specifications can be met by changing a few parameters, avoiding the complicated programming work of the five-axis program; on the other hand, due to the turning of the groove, not only the cutting amount is larger, but also the material can be continuously and efficiently removed, greatly improving the processing efficiency; finally, when processing the inner groove, the size and movement range of the milling cutter are extremely limited, while the lathe tool is less limited, and efficient processing can still be performed.

[0144] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing a curved surface groove, comprising the following steps: S1. Establish the mathematical model of the intersection line of the groove; S2. According to the groove parameter variables, the envelope curve equation of the groove surface is determined by combining the interpolation principle with the intersection line equation; S3, combining the structure and axis composition characteristics of the CNC machine tool, converting the envelope curve equation into a macro program for driving the CNC machine tool to perform groove processing; S4, selecting a suitable tool, adaptively optimizing the adjustable parameters of the CNC machine tool, and driving the CNC machine tool to process the curved surface groove through the macro program.

2. The method for processing curved surface groove according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intersecting line mathematical model of the groove is established as follows: Collect parameter data of main pipes and branch pipes; Determine the intersection line rectangular coordinate system, and determine the parameter equations of the main pipe and the branch pipe according to the intersection line rectangular coordinate system; The parametric equations of the main pipe and branch pipe are combined to determine the intersection line equation of the groove.

3. The curved surface groove processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the intersection line equation is: Where r is the radius of the branch pipe, R is the radius of the main pipe, α is the complementary angle between the branch pipe and the main pipe, and θ is the arc angle of any point on the intersection line passing through the main line on the branch pipe.

4. The method for processing curved surface groove according to claim 2, characterized in that: The groove parameter variables include at least one or more of groove angle, groove width and groove depth.

5. The method for processing curved surface groove according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the envelope curve equation is: Among them, Δ is the radial feed amount per circle of the envelope.

6. The method for processing curved surface groove according to claim 5, characterized in that: The CNC machine tool is an XYZAC five-axis machine tool, which can be oriented at any angle in space through the XYZAC five-axis.

7. The method for processing curved surface groove according to claim 6, characterized in that: The CNC machine tool comprises a main processing machine and a rotary table, wherein the main processing machine comprises a spindle box, a column, a slide seat, a bed, a first slide ram, a saddle, a second slide ram, a flat rotary disc and a cutter; The slide is slidably mounted on the bed and slides in the direction of the X1 axis. The column is arranged at the upper end of the slide along the Y1 axis. The spindle box is slidably mounted on the column along the Y1 axis. The first ram is slidably connected to the spindle box along the Z1 axis. A saddle is connected to the end of the first ram. The second ram is slidably connected to the saddle along the W1 axis. The saddle can drive the second ram to rotate along the C1 axis and the A1 axis. The flat disk for mounting a cutter is mounted on the end of the second ram. The cutter can feed and move along the U1 axis and rotate along the SP1 axis on the flat disk. The rotary table is used to drive the main pipe to rotate along the B1 axis; Among them, the X1 axis and the Z1 axis are two perpendicular directions on the horizontal plane, the Y1 axis is the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the W1 axis is the telescopic direction of the saddle relative to the first slide, the A1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the Y1 axis, the C1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the Z1 axis, the U1 axis is the radial direction perpendicular to the W1 axis and parallel to the end face of the turntable, the SP1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the W1 axis, and the B1 axis is the rotation direction perpendicular to the main pipe axis.

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