Highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method, and belongs to the technical field of highway engineering BIM digital application. The method comprises the following steps: sorting BIM model granularity, BIM model service attributes and digital application services; constructing a model dictionary database; forming a BIM model structure table in combination with the model dictionary database according to the digital application service; producing BIM model geometric data, and obtaining BIM model business data; the BIM model is optimized; storing the obtained business data of the BIM model; converting the BIM model and the terrain model into spatial three-dimensional model tile data; fusing the terrain model and the BIM model; issuing a BIM model service, a terrain model service and a business data query service; and creating a three-dimensional scene. According to the method, the defect that a traditional method cannot fully meet the requirement for large-scale, rapid and portable construction of a highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene is overcome, the efficiency is excellent, and application and popularization are easy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of BIM digital application in highway engineering, and in particular relates to a method for constructing a three-dimensional scene of BIM digital application in highway engineering. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of highway engineering business demand, highway engineering BIM digital technology has brought huge application value to the highway engineering field. Three-dimensional scenes are the most intuitive and effective way to present highway engineering BIM information. As my country's highway transportation network has basically taken shape, based on such a huge infrastructure network, in order to carry out the large-scale, rapid and portable application of highway engineering BIM digitalization, a method that can quickly build three-dimensional digital application scenes is particularly important.

[0003] Traditional highway engineering BIM digital application 3D scene construction mainly relies on commercial computer rendering software, importing BIM models and terrain models for integrated visualization, and importing business attributes for separate page display. This method has several problems for large-scale highway engineering scenes: BIM models can only display geometric data, and component business information can only be displayed as a whole on another page, which cannot be linked with BIM model geometric data; commercial rendering software has limited carrying capacity for a single 3D scene, and large-scale highway engineering digital model rendering is stuck; there are conflicts and collisions between BIM models and terrain models, and the fusion processing cycle is long and the update is difficult; commercial rendering software has single functions and cannot integrate actual business needs.

[0004] In summary, the existing technical methods for the traditional construction of three-dimensional scenes for BIM digital applications in highway engineering have major defects and cannot fully meet the needs of large-scale, rapid and portable construction of three-dimensional scenes for BIM digital applications in highway engineering. Therefore, how to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology is an urgent problem to be solved in this technical field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a three-dimensional scene construction method for the digital application of BIM in highway engineering, so as to solve the problems of linkage between BIM model geometry data and business attributes, large-scale BIM model rendering bearing problem, BIM model and terrain model fusion processing problem, and actual business function integration problem in the traditional three-dimensional scene construction method, and can meet the needs of large-scale, rapid and portable three-dimensional scene construction of BIM digital application in highway engineering.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical methods:

[0007] A method for constructing a three-dimensional scene of a highway engineering BIM digital application, wherein the three-dimensional scene of a highway engineering BIM digital application includes a highway engineering BIM model and a highway engineering terrain model;

[0008] The highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step (1), analyzing the requirements of the BIM digital application project for the highway project to be carried out, and combining the specification documents to sort out the BIM model granularity, BIM model business attribute structure, and digital application business;

[0010] Step (2), constructing a model dictionary library according to the specification document, the BIM model granularity and the BIM model business attribute structure; the model dictionary library includes a classification and coding table of the BIM model and a unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model;

[0011] Step (3), forming a BIM model composition table based on the digital application business and in combination with the model dictionary library;

[0012] Step (4), according to the BIM model composition table, generate BIM model geometry data and obtain BIM model business data;

[0013] Step (5), optimizing the BIM model based on the BIM model geometry data;

[0014] Step (6), storing the obtained BIM model business data to form a business database;

[0015] Step (7), converting the BIM model and terrain model into spatial three-dimensional model tile data, and setting a unique identification code to associate the BIM model geometry data and business data;

[0016] Step (8), integrating the terrain model with the BIM model;

[0017] Step (9), publishing the spatial three-dimensional model tile data corresponding to the fused BIM model and terrain model into BIM model service and terrain model service through server software;

[0018] Step (10), creating a BIM model business data query service;

[0019] Step (11), integrating the services published in step (9) and step (10) to create a three-dimensional scene.

[0020] Furthermore, preferably, in step (1), the owner's requirements for BIM digital application of highway engineering are analyzed, and the BIM model granularity, BIM model business attribute structure, and digital application business are sorted out in combination with the specification documents. The specific method includes:

[0021] (1.1) Analyze the highway engineering BIM digital application projects to be carried out, combine the classification and coding types defined in the specification documents, determine the entity composition of the highway engineering infrastructure to be carried out, determine the structural hierarchical relationship of various entities, and form the BIM model granularity;

[0022] (1.2) Analyze the requirements of the BIM digital application projects for highway projects to be carried out, combine the attribute sets defined in the specification documents, associate the project data and unify the attribute structure to form the BIM model business attribute structure;

[0023] (1.3) Analyze the requirements of the BIM digital application project for the highway project to be carried out, determine the functional requirements of the application, and form a digital application business requirements document.

[0024] Further, preferably, the specific method of step (2) is:

[0025] (2.1) Obtain the highway engineering infrastructure type according to the BIM model granularity determined in step (1), correspond the type to the specification document, obtain the classification code, facility name, classification type, and classification specification name defined in the specification document, and thus construct a classification and coding table for the BIM model;

[0026] The columns in the classification and coding table of the BIM model are classification code, facility name, classification specification name, and classification type, which respectively represent the unique identification mark of the infrastructure classification type, the name of the infrastructure classification type, the reference specification file of the infrastructure classification, and the classification type of the infrastructure; each row in the table corresponds to a BIM model;

[0027] (2.2) According to the business attribute structure of the BIM model determined in step (1), and according to the type of highway engineering infrastructure corresponding to the BIM model, the business attribute structure is mapped to the specification file, and the attribute structure information is extracted from the specification file, thereby obtaining the business attribute unified structure document of the BIM model; in addition, the business attribute unified structure document of the BIM model adds a "classification code" column, and the value corresponds to the classification code value in the classification and coding table of the BIM model, thereby realizing the association between the classification and coding table of the BIM model and the business attribute unified structure document of the BIM model;

[0028] (2.3) The classification and coding table of the BIM model and the unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model together constitute the model dictionary library.

[0029] Further, preferably, the specific method of step (3) is:

[0030] (3.1) According to the requirements of the BIM digital application project of the highway engineering to be carried out, the identification code is constructed based on the principle of uniquely identifying the infrastructure of the highway engineering project;

[0031] (3.2) Obtain the actual names of infrastructure in actual highway engineering projects;

[0032] (3.3) According to the type of infrastructure classified, the classification code corresponding to the type is searched from the model dictionary library;

[0033] (3.4) Determine the hierarchical structure of each BIM model according to the BIM model granularity obtained in step (1);

[0034] (3.5) Construct the BIM model composition table using identification codes, actual names, classification codes and hierarchies.

[0035] Further, preferably, in step (4):

[0036] (4.1) Based on the component models determined in the BIM model composition table, use the modeling tool to generate each component model, and set the name of each model to the corresponding "identification code" field value in the BIM model composition table;

[0037] BIM model geometry data refers to the data structure organization of objects presented in the display device, including coordinate vertices, drawing indexes, colors and texture information;

[0038] (4.2) According to the infrastructure type, combined with the model dictionary library, determine the unified structure of business attributes corresponding to the type, form a table of business attributes to be filled in based on the unified structure of business attributes, and add an "identification code" column to the table to associate with the specific model; the filling personnel extract the business data of the corresponding model from the existing materials such as drawings and documents, query the corresponding identification code from the BIM model composition table, and fill the obtained business data and identification code into the table of business attributes to be filled in;

[0039] The business attributes of the BIM model refer to the information that needs to be integrated for the digital application of BIM in highway projects, and specific analysis is required for specific applications, such as dimensional information and quantity information in the design phase, and progress information, quality information, and event information in the construction phase.

[0040] Further, preferably, the specific method of step (5) is: taking the facets in the model geometry data produced in step (4) as the granularity, the optimization is achieved by reducing the number of drawing indexes in a single facet; the facets in the model geometry data refer to a set of face domains composed of drawing indexes and having the same normal direction;

[0041] The specific method of step (6) is: based on the business attribute table filled in step (4), a business database is constructed according to each column of the table, and the filled business attributes are saved in the business database. Each row of records in the business database is uniquely identified by an "identification code".

[0042] Further, preferably, the specific method of step (8) is:

[0043] Extract the vertical projection contour area of ​​the BIM model geometric data on the plane; obtain all BIM models that have an intersection area with the terrain area, and then obtain the vertical projection contour area of ​​the BIM model on the plane;

[0044] Use the contour areas extracted from the two professional BIM models of roadbed and culvert to perform terrain clipping operations with the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model;

[0045] Use the contour area extracted from the bridge professional BIM model to perform terrain mosaic operations with the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model;

[0046] Use the tunnel professional BIM model and the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model to perform terrain digging operations.

[0047] Further, preferably, the specific method of querying in step (10) is:

[0048] Through the identification code attribute of the BIM model, first obtain the data record corresponding to the identification code from the business database, and then use the classification coding attribute of the data record to obtain the unified structure of the business attributes of the BIM model from the model dictionary library, traverse all attribute names of the unified structure of business attributes, extract attribute values ​​corresponding to the same attribute name from the business data record, and replace the attribute name with the Chinese name of the business attribute set record, and finally form the business data with the agreed Chinese name and return the query result.

[0049] Further, preferably, the specific method of step (11) is:

[0050] By using the SDK provided by the Ceisum platform or SuperMap iClient3D platform, BIM model services and terrain model services are called up and integrated into digital applications to form a three-dimensional base map scene that supports business applications.

[0051] In the present invention, the three-dimensional scene of BIM digital application of highway engineering includes the following elements:

[0052] Highway engineering BIM model: contains the geometric data of the real physical parameters of various infrastructures of highway engineering and the business attribute data bound to the infrastructure.

[0053] Highway engineering terrain model: Contains geometric data of the real physical parameters of the terrain within the scope of the highway engineering project.

[0054] In the present invention, the granularity of the BIM model refers to the smallest entity of the infrastructure to be digitized in each specialty according to the highway engineering specialty, and specifies the hierarchical relationship between each entity;

[0055] The business attributes of the BIM model refer to the information given to the BIM model at different stages of the highway engineering industry, such as dimension information and engineering quantity information at the design stage, and progress information, quality information, and event information at the construction stage;

[0056] Digital application business refers to the functional requirements that owners need to implement in digital scenarios, such as clicking on the BIM model to query the associated business attributes, infrastructure construction simulation, etc.

[0057] Specification documents refer to standard specification documents issued and implemented by the state, industry or locality, such as "Uniform Standard for the Application of Highway Engineering Information Model" (JTG / T 2420-2021), "Highway Engineering Design Information Model Application Standard" (JTG / T 2421-2021), "Highway Engineering Information Model Regulations Part 1: Unified Technical Requirements" (DB51 / T 3092-2023), etc. This document specifies the classification and coding of BIM model types and the set of attributes uniformly defined by BIM models.

[0058] The present invention combines the unified attribute set defined in the specification document, associates the project data with the unified attribute set, forms the BIM model business attribute structure, and determines the data source for subsequent filling of the attribute table.

[0059] In the present invention, the business attribute unified structure document of the BIM model is a unified structure description document of the business attributes associated with the BIM model, and the attribute information is extracted according to the specification file; preferably, the document further adds a "classification code" attribute, and the attribute value is the "classification code" field value in the classification and coding table of the BIM model, and the one-to-one correspondence between the BIM model and the business attribute structure is realized through this attribute. The document also specifies the Chinese name, English keyword, unit, and associated value corresponding to each attribute.

[0060] In the present invention, the BIM model structure table refers to a hierarchical structure table of infrastructures to be digitized in various highway specialties in a highway engineering BIM digital application project. The columns in the table are: identification code, actual facility name, classification code, parent facility identification code, which respectively represent the unique identification symbol of a highway engineering infrastructure, the actual name of the infrastructure in the project, the BIM model corresponding to the infrastructure in the model dictionary library, the BIM model classification and coding table definition code, and the unique identification symbol of the parent facility understood from the structure of the infrastructure.

[0061] In the present invention, the production of BIM model geometry data is carried out, and the granularity of geometry data production is determined by the BIM model structure table. The producer uses modeling tools such as Revit, Civil3D, Bentley, Sketchup, Blender, and highway engineering BIM design software to produce each component model, and the name of each model is set to the corresponding "identification code" field value in the BIM model composition table.

[0062] In the present invention, the specific method for obtaining BIM model business data is: the filling personnel extract the business data of the corresponding model from the drawings, documents and other materials, query the corresponding identification code from the BIM model structure table, fill the obtained business data and identification code into the table of business attributes to be filled in, and form the final BIM model business data. That is, the attribute set of a certain type of BIM model can be determined by the unified business attribute document of the model dictionary library, and the business data is formed according to the attribute set to fill in the table of business attributes to be filled in, and an "identification code" column is added to the table to associate the specific model, thereby forming the final BIM model business data.

[0063] In the present invention, the spatial three-dimensional model tile data is a data format suitable for the transmission, exchange and sharing of spatial three-dimensional model data, which stores data and attributes of the model with different degrees of precision. The spatial three-dimensional model tile data can be used to carry and render large-scale highway engineering digital models. It is required to convert the BIM model identification code as attributes and geometric data into the spatial three-dimensional model tile data, and the association between the BIM model identification code and the geometric data is realized through this spatial three-dimensional model tile data.

[0064] Common spatial 3D model tile data formats include S3M, 3DTiles, I3S, etc., which can be generated through tools such as SuperMap iDesktopX, Ceisum, ArcGIS, etc.

[0065] In step (8) of the present invention, fusion refers to processing the terrain model in the conflicting area between the terrain model and the BIM model, including: terrain digging, terrain mosaicking, and terrain clipping; based on the spatial three-dimensional model tile data converted in step (7), fusion processing is performed without modifying the original BIM model and terrain model;

[0066] Terrain digging refers to using the BIM model that traverses the terrain model to perform spatial Boolean difference operations with the terrain model;

[0067] Terrain mosaic refers to the process of using the intersection area of ​​the terrain model and the BIM model to reduce the terrain height in the intersection area to a given depth value;

[0068] Terrain clipping refers to using the intersection area of ​​the terrain model and the BIM model to hollow out the terrain model in the intersection area.

[0069] Extract the vertical projection contour area of ​​the BIM model geometric data on the plane; use the projection surface acquisition function provided by the modeling tool to obtain all BIM models that intersect with the terrain area, and use modeling tools such as Revit to obtain the vertical projection contour area of ​​the BIM model on the plane. Highway engineering BIM models are divided into multiple disciplines: routes, roadbeds, bridges, tunnels, culverts, and traffic safety. Among them, the disciplines that have models of intersecting areas with terrain models include: roadbeds, bridges, and culverts. It is necessary to extract the vertical projection contour area for the BIM models of these three disciplines.

[0070] Terrain model fusion processing based on projection contour area. Use the contour area extracted from the two professional BIM models of roadbed and culvert to perform terrain clipping operations with the spatial three-dimensional model tile data of the terrain model; use the contour area extracted from the professional BIM model of bridge to perform terrain mosaic operations with the spatial three-dimensional model tile data of the terrain model; use the professional BIM model of tunnel to perform terrain digging operations with the spatial three-dimensional model tile data of the terrain model. The operations are implemented through tools such as SuperMap iDesktopX, Ceisum, ArcGIS, etc. For subsequent fusion updates, you only need to add areas to continue fusion based on the previous fusion results, which greatly reduces the difficulty of fusion updates.

[0071] In step (9) of the present invention, by accessing BIM model geometry data, BIM model attributes, and terrain model geometry data in a service manner, the carrying capacity of digital application three-dimensional scenes can be greatly improved, and it can also be integrated into various business applications. The service here refers to the function of providing data transmission and exchange on the Internet through the http network protocol.

[0072] The operations described above are implemented through tools such as Geoserver, Tomcat, and SuperMap iServer. The specific steps are subject to the methods of publishing http network services of each software.

[0073] The query service in step (10) of the present invention can be implemented through various programming language frameworks and published and used through server software.

[0074] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0075] The present invention provides a modular, rapid and portable method for constructing three-dimensional scenes for BIM digital applications of highway projects. Compared with traditional methods, the efficiency is improved by 50%. The data carrying capacity and rendering capabilities of the constructed three-dimensional scenes are greatly improved, breaking through the problem that traditional commercial rendering software does not support large-scale model rendering. The three-dimensional scenes of digital applications are constructed in the form of services, and a three-dimensional base map is built by calling BIM model services, terrain model services, and BIM model business data query services. The three-dimensional base map is integrated into various types of digital applications, and the digital application can be developed and implemented according to actual business, solving the problem of single business function of traditional commercial rendering software.

[0076] The present invention stores BIM model geometry data and identification codes based on spatial three-dimensional model tile data. In a three-dimensional scene, the identification code is obtained through the geometry data in the BIM model spatial three-dimensional model tile data, and the business attribute can be obtained through the identification code, thereby realizing the connectivity between the BIM model geometry data and the business data, and breaking through the problem that traditional commercial rendering software does not support the linkage between the BIM model geometry data and the business data.

[0077] The present invention establishes a constraint modeling scheme and a business information entry scheme based on the BIM model structure table system, which separates the model generation process and the business information sorting process, making it easier for modelers and business personnel to work in parallel, thereby improving the scene construction efficiency from the working mode;

[0078] According to the conflict and collision situation between the BIM model and the terrain model, the present invention provides a planar projection area using the geometric data of the BIM model to realize the fusion scheme of the BIM models and terrain models of different professions, including terrain digging, terrain mosaicking, terrain clipping and other fusion operations. Compared with the traditional processing method, the fusion efficiency is greatly improved, and the fusion can be quickly updated by adding a new fusion area, which greatly reduces the difficulty of fusion update.

[0079] The present invention starts from the actual digital application needs, combines the standard specification documents issued and implemented by the state, industry or locality, implements the specification information into actual projects, separates the specification information and digital application business through the model dictionary library and the business database, and realizes that digital applications can be associated with multiple types of standard specifications. When new specifications are released, there is no need to rebuild the digital application, only the new specification information needs to be replaced in the model dictionary library. This method greatly reduces the cost of implementing digital applications caused by specification files. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0080] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a three-dimensional scene construction method for BIM digital application in highway engineering according to the present invention;

[0081] Figure 2This is a display diagram of a three-dimensional scene of BIM digital application in a highway engineering project constructed by the method provided by the present invention in an application example of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or the product specifications are used. If the manufacturer of the materials or equipment used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased.

[0084] A method for constructing a three-dimensional scene of a highway engineering BIM digital application, wherein the three-dimensional scene of a highway engineering BIM digital application includes a highway engineering BIM model and a highway engineering terrain model;

[0085] The highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method comprises the following steps:

[0086] Step (1), analyzing the requirements of the BIM digital application project for the highway project to be carried out, and combining the specification documents to sort out the BIM model granularity, BIM model business attribute structure, and digital application business;

[0087] Step (2), constructing a model dictionary library according to the specification document, the BIM model granularity and the BIM model business attribute structure; the model dictionary library includes a classification and coding table of the BIM model and a unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model;

[0088] Step (3), forming a BIM model composition table based on the digital application business and in combination with the model dictionary library;

[0089] Step (4), according to the BIM model composition table, generate BIM model geometry data and obtain BIM model business data;

[0090] Step (5), optimizing the BIM model based on the BIM model geometry data;

[0091] Step (6), storing the obtained BIM model business data to form a business database;

[0092] Step (7), converting the BIM model and terrain model into spatial three-dimensional model tile data, and setting a unique identification code to associate the BIM model geometry data and business data;

[0093] Step (8), integrating the terrain model with the BIM model;

[0094] Step (9), publishing the spatial three-dimensional model tile data corresponding to the fused BIM model and terrain model into BIM model service and terrain model service through server software;

[0095] Step (10), creating a BIM model business data query service;

[0096] Step (11), integrating the services published in step (9) and step (10) to create a three-dimensional scene.

[0097] Specifically, in step (1), the owner's requirements for BIM digital application of highway engineering are analyzed, and the BIM model granularity, BIM model business attribute structure, and digital application business are sorted out in combination with the specification documents. The specific methods include:

[0098] (1.1) Analyze the highway engineering BIM digital application projects to be carried out, combine the classification and coding types defined in the specification documents, determine the entity composition of the highway engineering infrastructure to be carried out, determine the structural hierarchical relationship of various entities, and form the BIM model granularity;

[0099] (1.2) Analyze the requirements of the BIM digital application projects for highway projects to be carried out, combine the attribute sets defined in the specification documents, associate the project data and unify the attribute structure to form the BIM model business attribute structure;

[0100] (1.3) Analyze the requirements of the BIM digital application project for the highway project to be carried out, determine the functional requirements of the application, and form a digital application business requirements document.

[0101] Specifically, the specific method of step (2) is:

[0102] (2.1) Obtain the highway engineering infrastructure type according to the BIM model granularity determined in step (1), correspond the type to the specification document, obtain the classification code, facility name, classification type, and classification specification name defined in the specification document, and thus construct a classification and coding table for the BIM model;

[0103] The columns in the classification and coding table of the BIM model are classification code, facility name, classification specification name, and classification type, which respectively represent the unique identification mark of the infrastructure classification type, the name of the infrastructure classification type, the reference specification file of the infrastructure classification, and the classification type of the infrastructure; each row in the table corresponds to a BIM model;

[0104] (2.2) According to the business attribute structure of the BIM model determined in step (1), and according to the type of highway engineering infrastructure corresponding to the BIM model, the business attribute structure is mapped to the specification file, and the attribute structure information is extracted from the specification file, thereby obtaining the business attribute unified structure document of the BIM model; in addition, the business attribute unified structure document of the BIM model adds a "classification code" column, and the value corresponds to the classification code value in the classification and coding table of the BIM model, thereby realizing the association between the classification and coding table of the BIM model and the business attribute unified structure document of the BIM model;

[0105] (2.3) The classification and coding table of the BIM model and the unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model together constitute the model dictionary library.

[0106] Specifically, the specific method of step (3) is:

[0107] (3.1) According to the requirements of the BIM digital application project of the highway engineering to be carried out, the identification code is constructed based on the principle of uniquely identifying the infrastructure of the highway engineering project;

[0108] (3.2) Obtain the actual names of infrastructure in actual highway engineering projects;

[0109] (3.3) According to the type of infrastructure classified, the classification code corresponding to the type is searched from the model dictionary library;

[0110] (3.4) Determine the hierarchical structure of each BIM model according to the BIM model granularity obtained in step (1);

[0111] (3.5) Construct the BIM model composition table using identification codes, actual names, classification codes and hierarchies.

[0112] Specifically, in step (4):

[0113] (4.1) Based on the component models determined in the BIM model composition table, use the modeling tool to generate each component model, and set the name of each model to the corresponding "identification code" field value in the BIM model composition table;

[0114] BIM model geometry data refers to the data structure organization of objects presented in the display device, including coordinate vertices, drawing indexes, colors and texture information;

[0115] (4.2) According to the infrastructure type, combined with the model dictionary library, determine the unified structure of business attributes corresponding to the type, form a table of business attributes to be filled in based on the unified structure of business attributes, and add an "identification code" column to the table to associate with the specific model; the filling personnel extract the business data of the corresponding model from the existing materials such as drawings and documents, query the corresponding identification code from the BIM model composition table, and fill the obtained business data and identification code into the table of business attributes to be filled in;

[0116] The business attributes of the BIM model refer to the information that needs to be integrated for the digital application of BIM in highway projects, and specific analysis is required for specific applications, such as dimensional information and quantity information in the design phase, and progress information, quality information, and event information in the construction phase.

[0117] Specifically, the specific method of step (5) is: taking the facets in the model geometry data produced in step (4) as the granularity, the optimization is achieved by reducing the number of drawing indexes in a single facet; the facets in the model geometry data refer to a set of face domains composed of drawing indexes and having the same normal direction;

[0118] The specific method of step (6) is: based on the business attribute table filled in step (4), a business database is constructed according to each column of the table, and the filled business attributes are saved in the business database. Each row of records in the business database is uniquely identified by an "identification code".

[0119] Specifically, the specific method of step (8) is:

[0120] Extract the vertical projection contour area of ​​the BIM model geometric data on the plane; obtain all BIM models that have an intersection area with the terrain area, and then obtain the vertical projection contour area of ​​the BIM model on the plane;

[0121] Use the contour areas extracted from the two professional BIM models of roadbed and culvert to perform terrain clipping operations with the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model;

[0122] Use the contour area extracted from the bridge professional BIM model to perform terrain mosaic operations with the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model;

[0123] Use the tunnel professional BIM model and the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model to perform terrain digging operations.

[0124] Specifically, the specific method of querying in step (10) is:

[0125] Through the identification code attribute of the BIM model, first obtain the data record corresponding to the identification code from the business database, and then use the classification coding attribute of the data record to obtain the unified structure of the business attributes of the BIM model from the model dictionary library, traverse all attribute names of the unified structure of business attributes, extract attribute values ​​corresponding to the same attribute name from the business data record, and replace the attribute name with the Chinese name of the business attribute set record, and finally form the business data with the agreed Chinese name and return the query result.

[0126] Specifically, the specific method of step (11) is:

[0127] By using the SDK provided by the Ceisum platform or SuperMap iClient3D platform, BIM model services and terrain model services are called up and integrated into digital applications to form a three-dimensional base map scene that supports business applications.

[0128] Application Examples

[0129] In this example, a 3D scene construction of a highway tunnel digital BIM application in an actual project is used as an example. This example requires the establishment of all BIM models of tunnel-related entities; the classification and coding requirements of tunnel BIM models shall be based on the specification document "Highway Engineering Design Information Model Application Standard" (JTG / T 2421-2021); business attributes are also required to be based on the specifications; business applications require that in the 3D scene, click on the BIM model to display all the attributes of the model according to the specifications, and require the attribute names to be displayed in Chinese as specified in the specifications; the 3D scene requires that the rendering should not be stuck and the operation should be smooth.

[0130] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for constructing a three-dimensional scene for a highway engineering BIM digital application includes the following steps:

[0131] S1. Analyze the owner’s demand for BIM digital application in highway projects, and combine with specification documents to sort out the BIM model granularity, BIM model business attribute structure, and digital application business.

[0132] Specifically, according to the standard specification documents and the actual structure of the tunnel, all the infrastructure entities contained in the tunnel and the structural relationships between various entities are sorted out to determine the granularity of the BIM model of the tunnel. The sorting results are as follows:

[0133] First-level type entity: tunnel left section, tunnel right section;

[0134] Secondary type entity:

[0135] The left section of the tunnel includes the left entrance portal, the left tunnel section #1, the left tunnel section #2, the left tunnel section #3, the left tunnel section #4, the vehicle auxiliary passage, the left drainage section #1, the left drainage section #2, the left drainage section #3, the left drainage section #4, the left pavement section #1, the left pavement section #2, the left pavement section #3, the left pavement section #4, and the vehicle auxiliary passage pavement;

[0136] The right section of the tunnel includes the right entrance portal, right section tunnel body section #1, right section tunnel body section #2, right section tunnel body section #3, right section tunnel body section #4, right section tunnel body section #5, right section drainage section #1, right section drainage section #2, right section drainage section #3, right section drainage section #4, right section drainage section #5, right section road surface section #1, right section road surface section #2, right section road surface section #3, right section road surface section #4, and right section road surface section #5;

[0137] Level 3 type entities:

[0138] The left entrance portal includes a ring frame, arch wall, invert, invert backfill, portal protection, open tunnel backfill #1 section, and open tunnel backfill #2 section;

[0139] The left tunnel section #1 includes the left inspection road (cable trough) and the right inspection road (cable trough);

[0140] The left tunnel section #2 includes shotcrete, arch wall, invert, invert backfill, left inspection road (cable trough), and right inspection road (cable trough);

[0141] The left tunnel section #3 includes shotcrete, arch wall, invert, invert backfill, left inspection road (cable trough), and right inspection road (cable trough);

[0142] The left tunnel section #4 includes shotcrete, arch wall, invert, invert backfill, left inspection road (cable trough), and right inspection road (cable trough);

[0143] The auxiliary vehicle access road includes shotcrete and arch walls;

[0144] The left drainage section #1 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0145] The left drainage section #2 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0146] The left drainage section #3 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0147] The left drainage section #4 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0148] The left road surface section #1 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0149] The left road section #2 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0150] The left road section #3 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0151] The left road section #4 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0152] The road surface of the auxiliary vehicle access road includes a cement concrete surface layer;

[0153] The right entrance portal includes a ring frame, arch wall, inverted arch, inverted arch backfill, tunnel opening protection, open tunnel backfill section #1, and open tunnel backfill section #2;

[0154] The right tunnel section #1 includes the left inspection road (cable trough) and the right inspection road (cable trough);

[0155] The right tunnel section #2 includes shotcrete, arch wall, invert, invert backfill, left inspection road (cable trough), and right inspection road (cable trough);

[0156] The right tunnel section #3 includes shotcrete, arch wall, invert, invert backfill, left inspection road (cable trough), and right inspection road (cable trough);

[0157] The right tunnel section #4 includes shotcrete, arch wall, invert, invert backfill, left inspection road (cable trough), and right inspection road (cable trough);

[0158] The right tunnel section #5 includes shotcrete, arch wall, invert, invert backfill, left inspection road (cable trough), and right inspection road (cable trough);

[0159] The right drainage section #1 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0160] The right drainage section #2 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0161] The right drainage section #3 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0162] The right drainage section #4 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0163] The right drainage section #5 includes the left roadside ditch and the right roadside ditch;

[0164] The right road surface section #1 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0165] The right road surface section #2 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0166] The right road surface section #3 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0167] The right road section #4 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0168] The right road section #5 includes cement concrete surface layer and asphalt concrete surface layer;

[0169] Specifically, according to the digital application requirements of the tunnel, it is required to display the business attributes of the tunnel BIM model, which only contains design information, including: size information and engineering quantity information.

[0170] Specifically, according to the digital application requirements of the tunnel, the three-dimensional scene of the tunnel BIM model is required to include the following services: visual expression on the web page, smooth rendering, querying business attributes by clicking on the BIM model, business attribute sets strictly defined in accordance with the specifications, and business attribute display names strictly consistent with the Chinese names defined in the specifications.

[0171] S2. Build a model dictionary based on specification documents, BIM model granularity, and BIM model business attribute structure, including: BIM model classification and coding table, and BIM model business attribute unified structure document.

[0172] Specifically, according to the specification file and the BIM model granularity determined in step S1, a classification and coding table of the tunnel BIM model is created, and the attribute values ​​of the table are extracted according to the specification file, as shown in Table 1.

[0173] Table 1 Classification and coding table of tunnel BIM model

[0174] Classification Code Facility Name Classification standard name Classification Type 17-04.00.00.00 Tunnel sub-facilities JTG / T 2421-2021 Sub-facilities 17-04.01.00.00 Cave Gate JTG / T 2421-2021 Sub-facilities 17-04.02.00.00 Cave JTG / T 2421-2021 Sub-facilities 17-04.03.00.00 Auxiliary lane JTG / T 2421-2021 Sub-facilities 17-04.04.00.00 Drainage JTG / T 2421-2021 Sub-facilities 17-02.01.00.00 pavement JTG / T 2421-2021 Sub-facilities 18-06.01.03.00 Ring frame JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-06.05.01.00 Arch Wall JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-06.05.02.00 Inverted Arch JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-06.05.03.00 Backfill JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-02.03.00.00 Cave entrance protection JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-06.02.02.00 Myeongdong Backfill JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-06.66.09.00 Maintenance road (cable trough) JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-06.04.05.00 Shotcrete JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-02.02.02.00 Roadside ditch JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-03.01.01.00 Cement concrete surface JTG / T 2421-2021 member 18-03.01.02.00 Asphalt concrete surface JTG / T 2421-2021 member

[0175] Specifically, according to the specification file and the business attributes of the BIM model determined in step S1, the attribute information is extracted from the specification file to create a unified structure document of the business attributes of the tunnel BIM model, and the corresponding classification code attribute is added to the document, and the classification code attribute value is set to the classification code value corresponding to the BIM model. Here, the unified business attributes of the tunnel sub-facilities are taken as an example, as shown in Table 2. For the unified structure of the business attributes of other BIM models, see the specification. The dictionary library is built based on the MySQL database software.

[0176] Table 2 Unified structure document of tunnel sub-facility business attributes

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] S3. According to the digital application business, combined with the model dictionary library, a BIM model composition table is formed. Specifically, the identification code is composed of the BIM model hierarchy, the pinyin abbreviation of the BIM model type name, and the BIM model segmentation serial number: the name is extracted according to the drawing; the classification code is queried according to Table 1; the parent-child hierarchy is filled in according to the three-level class relationship of the BIM model granularity sorted out in step S1; the BIM model segmentation is specified according to the needs, and the application specifies that the left side of the tunnel is divided into 4 sections and the right side of the tunnel is divided into 5 sections; finally, the BIM model composition table of the tunnel is formed, see Table 3 for details.

[0180] Table 3 Tunnel BIM model composition

[0181]

[0182]

[0183]

[0184]

[0185] S4. According to the requirements of the BIM digital application project for highway engineering to be carried out, combined with the BIM model structure table, carry out the BIM model geometry data production and business data filling work.

[0186] The production of BIM model geometry data is carried out with the granularity of geometry data production determined by the BIM model structure table. The producer uses modeling tools such as Revit, Civil3D, Bentley, Sketchup, Blender, and highway engineering BIM design software to produce each component model, and the name of each model is set to the corresponding "identification code" field value in the BIM model structure table.

[0187] To carry out the filling of BIM model business data, the unified business attribute document of the model dictionary library determines the attribute set of a certain type of BIM model, forms a table of business attributes to be filled in based on the attribute set, and adds an "identification code" column to the table to associate with a specific model. The table of business attributes to be filled in formed by the unified business attribute document of the tunnel sub-facility in Table 2 is shown in Table 4. Specific problems of business attributes are analyzed specifically. Here, only the business attribute columns of "classification code, tunnel name, starting pile number, end pile number, project quantity, and other requirements" are considered. The filling personnel extract the business data of the corresponding model from drawings, documents and other materials, query the corresponding identification code from the BIM model structure table, and fill the obtained business data and identification code into the table of business attributes to be filled in.

[0188] Table 4: Table of business attributes to be filled in for tunnel sub-facility

[0189]

[0190] S5. Carry out optimization work on the BIM model of the tunnel. Taking the facets in the model geometry data produced in step S4 as the granularity, optimization is achieved by reducing the number of drawing indexes in a single facet. Based on this method idea, the PolygonCruncher tool is used to reduce the facets of the BIM model.

[0191] S6. Start the work of storing the business data of the tunnel BIM model. Based on the business attribute table filled in step S4, build a business database according to each column of the table, and save the filled business attributes into the business database. Each row of records in the database is uniquely identified by an identification code. The application uses MySQL database software to build the business database.

[0192] S7. Convert the tunnel BIM model and terrain model into spatial 3D model tile data. Based on the S3M spatial 3D model tile data specification, the application converts the BIM model and terrain model into corresponding spatial 3D model tile data through the SuperMap iDesktopX software, and saves the identification code of each tunnel BIM model as an attribute in the spatial 3D model tile data.

[0193] S8. Carry out the integration of the tunnel BIM model and the terrain model. Through SuperMap iDesktopX software, use the spatial 3D model tile data corresponding to the tunnel BIM model and the terrain model to perform terrain digging operations to achieve integration.

[0194] S9. The processed spatial 3D model tile data corresponding to the BIM model and terrain model are published as BIM model service and terrain model service through the server software. This application realizes the service publishing of spatial 3D model tile data through the SuperMap iServer platform.

[0195] S10. Create a BIM model business data query service. Through the identification code attribute of the BIM model, first obtain the data record corresponding to the identification code from the business database, and then use the classification code attribute of the data record to obtain the unified structure of the business attributes of the BIM model from the model dictionary library, traverse all attribute names of the unified structure of business attributes, extract the attribute values ​​corresponding to the same attribute name from the business data record, and replace the attribute name with the Chinese name of the business attribute set record, and finally form the business data agreed by the Chinese name and return the query result. This service process is implemented through the Springboot framework, and the service is published and used through the framework itself.

[0196] S11. Integrate the BIM model space 3D model tile data service, terrain model space 3D model tile data service, and BIM model business data query service, and use the iClient3D for Ceisum framework of SuperGraph to create a 3D scene to form a 3D base map scene that supports business applications. The tunnel BIM application 3D scene finally constructed in this example is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0197] Through the practice of the method of the present invention, in the implementation of the three-dimensional scene construction of the BIM application of the tunnel, compared with the traditional method of building a three-dimensional scene by commercial computer rendering software, in terms of function, the dynamic association of the geometric data and business information of the BIM model of the tunnel is realized, the large-scale digital model of highway engineering based on the spatial three-dimensional model tile technology is rendered without stuttering, the rapid fusion of the conflicting BIM model and the terrain model is realized, and the function itself provided by the commercial rendering software is separated, and the process of freely customizing business functions is developed by developers; in terms of efficiency, the entire implementation realizes the segmentation of the model generation process and the business information combing process, ensuring the parallel development of model generation and business information filling, and improving the efficiency by 50%.

[0198] In the construction and implementation of the three-dimensional scene of the BIM application of the tunnel, starting from the actual digital application needs, combined with the standard specification document "Highway Engineering Design Information Model Application Standard" (JTG / T 2421-2021) issued and implemented by the Ministry of Transport, the specification information is implemented in the actual project. Through the model dictionary library and business database, the specification information and digital application business are separated, and the digital application can be associated with multiple types of standard specifications. When new specifications are released, there is no need to rebuild the digital application, only the new specification information needs to be replaced in the model dictionary library. This method greatly reduces the cost of digital application implementation caused by specification files.

[0199] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a three-dimensional scene for BIM digital application in highway engineering, characterized in that: The three-dimensional scene of highway engineering BIM digital application includes highway engineering BIM model and highway engineering terrain model; The highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method comprises the following steps: Step (1), analyzing the requirements of the BIM digital application project for the highway project to be carried out, and combining with the specification documents to sort out the BIM model granularity, BIM model business attribute structure, and digital application business; Step (2), constructing a model dictionary library according to the specification document, the BIM model granularity and the BIM model business attribute structure; the model dictionary library includes a classification and coding table of the BIM model and a unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model; Step (3), based on the digital application business and in combination with the model dictionary library, a BIM model composition table is formed; Step (4), generating BIM model geometry data according to the BIM model composition table, and obtaining BIM model business data at the same time; Step (5), optimizing the BIM model based on the BIM model geometry data; Step (6), storing the obtained BIM model business data to form a business database; Step (7), converting the BIM model and terrain model into spatial three-dimensional model tile data, and setting a unique identification code to associate the BIM model geometry data and business data; Step (8), integrating the terrain model with the BIM model; Step (9), publishing the spatial three-dimensional model tile data corresponding to the fused BIM model and terrain model into BIM model service and terrain model service through server software; Step (10), creating a BIM model business data query service; Step (11), integrating the services published in step (9) and step (10) to create a three-dimensional scene.

2. The method for constructing a three-dimensional scene for BIM digital application in highway engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the owner's requirements for BIM digital application of highway projects are analyzed, and the BIM model granularity, BIM model business attribute structure, and digital application business are sorted out in combination with the specification documents. The specific methods include: (1.1) Analyze the highway engineering BIM digital application projects to be carried out, and determine the entity composition of the highway engineering infrastructure to be carried out in combination with the classification and coding types defined in the specification documents, determine the structural hierarchical relationship of various entities, and form the BIM model granularity; (1.2) Analyze the requirements of the BIM digital application projects for highway projects to be carried out, combine the attribute sets defined in the specification documents, associate the project data and unify the attribute structure to form the BIM model business attribute structure; (1.3) Analyze the requirements of the upcoming highway engineering BIM digital application project, determine the functional requirements of the application, and form a digital application business requirements document.

3. The highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method of step (2) is: (2.1) Obtain the highway engineering infrastructure type according to the BIM model granularity determined in step (1), correspond the type to the specification document, obtain the classification code, facility name, classification type, and classification specification name defined in the specification document, and thus construct a classification and coding table for the BIM model; The columns in the classification and coding table of the BIM model are classification code, facility name, classification specification name, and classification type, which respectively represent the unique identification mark of the infrastructure classification type, the name of the infrastructure classification type, the reference specification file of the infrastructure classification, and the classification type of the infrastructure; each row in the table corresponds to a BIM model; (2.2) According to the business attribute structure of the BIM model determined in step (1), and according to the type of highway engineering infrastructure corresponding to the BIM model, the business attribute structure is mapped to the specification document, and the attribute structure information is extracted from the specification document, thereby obtaining a unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model; In addition, the unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model adds a classification code column, and the value corresponds to the classification code value in the classification and coding table of the BIM model, so as to realize the association between the classification and coding table of the BIM model and the unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model; (2.3) The classification and coding table of the BIM model and the unified structure document of the business attributes of the BIM model together constitute the model dictionary library.

4. The method for constructing a three-dimensional scene for BIM digital application in highway engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of step (3) is: (3.1) According to the requirements of the upcoming highway engineering BIM digital application project, an identification code is constructed based on the principle of uniquely identifying the highway engineering infrastructure; (3.2) Obtain the actual names of infrastructure in actual highway engineering projects; (3.3) According to the type of infrastructure classified, query the classification code corresponding to the type from the model dictionary library; (3.4) Determine the hierarchical structure of each BIM model according to the BIM model granularity obtained in step (1); (3.5) Construct the BIM model composition table using identification codes, actual names, classification codes and hierarchies.

5. The highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (4): (4.1) Based on the component models determined in the BIM model composition table, use the modeling tool to generate each component model, and set the name of each model to the corresponding identification code field value in the BIM model composition table; BIM model geometry data refers to the data structure organization of objects presented in the display device, including coordinate vertices, drawing indexes, colors and texture information; (4.2) According to the infrastructure type, combined with the model dictionary library, determine the unified structure of business attributes corresponding to the type, form a table of business attributes to be filled in based on the unified structure of business attributes, and add an identification code column to the table to associate with the specific model; the filling personnel extract the business data of the corresponding model from the existing materials, query the corresponding identification code from the BIM model composition table, and fill the obtained business data and identification code into the table of business attributes to be filled in; The business attributes of the BIM model refer to the information that needs to be communicated for the digital application of BIM in highway projects.

6. The method for constructing a three-dimensional scene for BIM digital application in highway engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific method of step (5) is as follows: taking the facets in the model geometry data generated in step (4) as the granularity, the optimization is achieved by reducing the number of drawing indexes in a single facet; the facets in the model geometry data refer to a set of face domains composed of drawing indexes and having the same normal direction; The specific method of step (6) is as follows: based on the business attribute table filled in step (4), a business database is constructed according to each column of the table, and the filled business attributes are saved in the business database. Each row of records in the business database is uniquely identified by an identification code.

7. The highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method of step (8) is: Extract the vertical projection contour area of ​​the BIM model geometric data on the plane; obtain all BIM models that have an intersection area with the terrain area, and then obtain the vertical projection contour area of ​​the BIM model on the plane; Use the contour areas extracted from the two professional BIM models of roadbed and culvert to perform terrain clipping operations with the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model; Use the contour area extracted from the bridge professional BIM model to perform terrain mosaic operations with the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model; Use the tunnel professional BIM model and the spatial 3D model tile data of the terrain model to perform terrain digging operations.

8. The highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method of querying in step (10) is: Through the identification code attribute of the BIM model, first obtain the data record corresponding to the identification code from the business database, and then use the classification coding attribute of the data record to obtain the unified structure of the business attributes of the BIM model from the model dictionary library, traverse all attribute names of the unified structure of business attributes, extract attribute values ​​corresponding to the same attribute name from the business data record, and replace the attribute name with the Chinese name of the business attribute set record, and finally form the business data with the agreed Chinese name and return the query result.

9. The highway engineering BIM digital application three-dimensional scene construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method of step (11) is: By using the SDK provided by the Ceisum platform or SuperMap iClient3D platform, BIM model services and terrain model services are called up and integrated into digital applications to form a three-dimensional base map scene that supports business applications.

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