Nerve block teaching method and device based on VR

Abstract

The invention discloses a VR-based nerve block teaching method, and the method comprises the steps: building a nerve block operation scene through a VR server, and synchronously displaying the scene on a VR display; the VR server randomly outputs basic information of a patient and information about to be subjected to an operation, and a user selects a nerve block part to be adopted through the VR display; the VR server outputs preparation guide information before nerve block operation, guides a user to perform equipment and medicine preparation work, selects a local anesthetic and an injection amount, and introduces a local anesthetic poisoning event; the VR server outputs patient body position preparation guide information, and a user selects a proper body position; randomly introducing adverse events according to different nerve block parts; and outputting a passing result. According to the method, training is carried out through a virtual or simulated environment, a safe learning environment is provided, risks in actual operation are reduced, clinical emergency situations are simulated, authenticity is improved, and the emergency processing capacity of anesthetists is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of combining virtual reality with medical operation training, and in particular relates to a VR-based nerve block teaching method and device. Background Art

[0002] Nerve damage or damage to important organs is a serious complication of nerve block. Studies have shown that the incidence of complications of nerve block is as high as 10-15%. However, nerve block plays an important role in perioperative management. It can not only complete the operation, but also provide continuous painless management, improve the patient's comfort level, reduce anxiety, reduce stress, promote early functional exercise, and promote rapid recovery of patients. With the popularization of ultrasound, ultrasound-guided nerve block has been widely used in clinical practice and has gradually become one of the essential skills for anesthesiologists and one of the key skills for anesthesia residents.

[0003] Although advances in ultrasound technology over the past decade have improved image quality and the ability to non-invasively evaluate vascular structures, nerves, fascia, and anatomical variations, related problems should not be underestimated. For example, the inability to accurately identify anatomical structures leads to poor blockade effects. Large individual differences among patients (weight, age) often lead to extremely uncertain nerve block effects. Multiple punctures may also cause unnecessary damage or even complications. Improper selection of drug concentrations may also cause local anesthetic poisoning, thereby endangering the patient's life.

[0004] In addition, for surgeries in different parts of the body, the selected blockade site will also affect the anesthetic effect, which in turn will have an adverse effect on the patient's perioperative management.

[0005] At present, the teaching of nerve block for anesthesiologists is divided into two parts. One part is theoretical teaching, which is mostly traditional teaching. However, the current diversification of information reception has caused some young trainees to be unable to rely more on the Internet for fragmented learning and to systematically master relevant knowledge. In addition, due to the low incidence of complications of nerve block, young anesthesiologists have limited experience, and the short treatment time, they are unable to identify and treat them in time, resulting in critical situations that may endanger their lives. The other part is practical operation. During the operation, it is necessary to correctly select the appropriate ultrasound probe and the correct block site, and correctly interpret the ultrasound image of the site, which is also lacking in the current teaching of nerve block.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a VR-based nerve block teaching method that can better simulate the surgical process. Summary of the invention

[0007] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention provides a VR-based nerve block teaching method and device.

[0008] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, a VR-based nerve block teaching method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0010] The surgical scene of nerve block is built through the VR server and displayed synchronously on the VR display;

[0011] The VR server randomly outputs the patient's basic information and the information of the planned surgery, and the user selects the proposed nerve block site through the VR display;

[0012] The VR server outputs the guidance information for preparation before the nerve block operation, guiding the user to prepare the equipment and drugs, and select the local anesthetic and injection amount; if the preparation or the injection amount of the local anesthetic does not meet the standards, a local anesthetic poisoning event will be introduced;

[0013] The VR server outputs patient position preparation guidance information, and the user selects the appropriate position; outputs disinfection reminders and ultrasound prompts, and the user selects the correct site, performs local anesthetic injections, and gives withdrawal prompts; if the user does not click on withdrawal, a local anesthetic poisoning event is introduced; adverse events are randomly introduced according to different nerve block sites;

[0014] If the user completes all tests, a passing result is output.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the surgical scene includes a virtual operating room, a virtual patient, a virtual ECG monitor, a virtual anesthesia machine, a virtual endotracheal tube, a virtual laryngoscope, a virtual dental pad, a virtual tape, a virtual suction device, virtual medicines and syringes, a virtual disinfection pack, a virtual ultrasound, a virtual nerve stimulator, a virtual extension tube, and a virtual intravenous access.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the nerve block operation preparation guidance information includes connecting ECG monitoring, anesthesia machine pipeline connection and completing testing, suction device connection, and drug prompt information.

[0017] Furthermore, the drug prompt information includes local anesthetics, vasoactive drugs, sedatives and muscle relaxants.

[0018] In one possible approach, the introduction of a local anesthetic poisoning event involves:

[0019] The VR server outputs the symptoms of local anesthetic poisoning; if the user returns to the patient through the VR hand controller and gives the patient's vital signs information, when the vital signs are stable, the user returns to the drug workbench and selects sedatives to give to the patient, it indicates that the local anesthetic poisoning incident is handled correctly;

[0020] If the user does not return to the patient or does not administer sedatives, the VR server outputs an ECG monitor alarm message, the patient's blood pressure drops, and the user uses the VR hand controller to return to the drug work surface and select dopamine or ephedrine drugs to administer to the patient, indicating that the local anesthetic poisoning event has been properly handled;

[0021] If the user does not administer vasoactive drugs or administers antihypertensive drugs (nitroglycerin, nicardipine), the VR server outputs information that the patient has convulsions and loss of consciousness, and the user uses the VR hand controller to return to the drug work surface to administer muscle relaxants and perform endotracheal intubation, indicating that the local anesthetic poisoning incident has been properly handled;

[0022] If the user does not administer muscle relaxants or endotracheal intubation, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test is terminated.

[0023] In a possible implementation, the random introduction of adverse events according to different nerve block sites includes:

[0024] If interscalene, supraclavicular brachial plexus, and paravertebral blocks were selected, the VR server randomly introduced local anesthetic poisoning or pneumothorax events;

[0025] If axillary brachial plexus, femoral nerve, popliteal sciatic, or supraclavicular block is selected, the VR server randomly introduces local anesthetic poisoning or shock events;

[0026] If abdominal wall nerve block is selected, the VR server randomly outputs local anesthetic poisoning or intestinal injury events;

[0027] Regardless of the selected nerve block, the VR server outputs a random nerve damage event.

[0028] Further, the pneumothorax event includes:

[0029] If the patient is awake, the VR server outputs pneumothorax symptom information including chest tightness and shortness of breath; if the patient is under general anesthesia, the VR server outputs pneumothorax symptom information including increased airway pressure and decreased blood pressure;

[0030] If the user returns to the patient through the VR hand controller, performs auscultation or lung ultrasound, and then consults with thoracic surgery, and avoids intubation, it indicates a pneumothorax event;

[0031] If the user does not auscultate or request a consultation, the VR server outputs information about the patient's blood pressure dropping and heart rate increasing; the user uses the VR hand controller to call the superior to disinfect and perform thoracentesis, indicating a pneumothorax event;

[0032] If the user does not perform thoracentesis, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and ends the test;

[0033] The shock events include:

[0034] The VR server outputs shock status information, including the presence of an obvious mass at the patient’s puncture site;

[0035] If the user returns to the patient's side through the VR hand controller, performs local compression and speeds up the infusion, it indicates a shock event;

[0036] If the user does not press, the VR server outputs status information of the patient's blood pressure dropping and heart rate increasing. The user uses the VR hand controller to call a senior doctor, continue pressing, recheck blood gas, and perform blood transfusion, indicating a shock event.

[0037] If the user does not press or transfuse blood, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and ends the test.

[0038] Further, the intestinal events include:

[0039] The VR server outputs intestinal status information, including the state where the puncture needle goes too deep and touches the patient's intestine during the puncture process;

[0040] The user uses the VR hand controller to return to the patient, conduct a medical consultation, and give a doctor's order to fast for 1 day, indicating a bowel event.

[0041] If the user does not give the doctor's advice to fast for 1 day, the VR server outputs the information that the patient has abdominal pain. The user uses the VR hand controller to return to the patient, call the superior, and perform an abdominal CT scan, which indicates a bowel event.

[0042] If the user does not perform an abdominal CT scan and directly gives analgesics, the VR server outputs status information that the patient has fever, decreased blood pressure, and increased heart rate. The user uses the VR hand controller to give infusion, vasoactive drugs, and secondary laparotomy, which is through the intestinal event;

[0043] If the user does not give infusion, vasoactive drugs, or secondary laparotomy, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and ends the test;

[0044] The neurological damage events include:

[0045] The VR server outputs status information that the patient feels an electric shock anesthesia in the surgical area during the puncture process, or feels severe pain in the puncture site during the drug injection process. The user immediately stops the drug injection or withdraws the syringe through the VR hand controller, indicating a nerve damage event.

[0046] If the drug push is not stopped or the syringe is not withdrawn, the VR server outputs the information that the patient's numbness in the blocked area has not been alleviated and the motor function has not recovered after 1 day, indicating that the test has failed and the test is ended.

[0047] Furthermore, the use of the vasoactive drug, the VR server output simulates the changes in circulation of the patient under different conditions:

[0048] Scenario 1: The patient's heart rate only decreases progressively and is <60 beats / min;

[0049] If 0.3 mg of atropine is injected intravenously, the heart rate increases, indicating that the test has passed; if esmolol is injected intravenously, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended;

[0050] Scenario 2: The patient only has a drop in blood pressure (SBP < 90 mmHg);

[0051] If 1 mg of methoxamine, 1 mg of dopamine, 5 mg of ephedrine, or 1 mg of metaraminol is given by intravenous injection, the patient's blood pressure will rise, indicating that the test has passed; if norepinephrine, epinephrine, or phenylephrine is injected intravenously, the blood pressure will rise sharply, and the VR server will output the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended; if nitroglycerin or nicardipine is injected intravenously, the VR server will output the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended.

[0052] In a second aspect, a VR-based nerve block teaching device is provided, comprising:

[0053] A building module is used to build a surgical scene of nerve block through a VR server and display it on a VR display simultaneously;

[0054] The information output module is used for the VR server to randomly output the patient's basic information and the information of the planned surgery, and the user selects the proposed nerve block site through the VR display;

[0055] The preparation guidance information output module is used by the VR server to output the preparation guidance information before the nerve block operation, guide the user to prepare the equipment and drugs, and select the local anesthetic and injection amount; if the preparation work or the injection amount of the local anesthetic does not meet the standards, the local anesthetic poisoning event is introduced;

[0056] The body position guidance information output module is used for the VR server to output the patient's body position preparation guidance information, so that the user can choose the appropriate body position; output disinfection reminders and ultrasound prompts, so that the user can choose the correct site, inject local anesthetics and give a withdrawal prompt; if the user does not click on the withdrawal, a local anesthetic poisoning event is introduced; adverse events are randomly introduced according to different nerve block sites;

[0057] The result output module is used to output the passing result if the user completes all the tests.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0059] The present invention uses VR technology to realize nerve block teaching. By introducing real cases, the trainees are trained in clinical thinking and are encouraged to identify ultrasound images of nerve blocks in different parts. By triggering and randomly introducing adverse events, the authenticity and contingency of simulated nerve blocks can be greatly improved, and the trainees' emergency response and surgical practical skills can be greatly improved. The method provides a safe learning environment, reduces risks in actual operations, allows repeated practice and error correction, and promotes the proficiency of trainees' skills. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 Module diagram of adverse events that could be randomized by different nerve block types;

[0062] Figure 3 Vasoactive drug use chart;

[0063] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a VR-based nerve block teaching device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The content of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0065] Reference Figure 1 , a VR-based nerve block teaching method, including the following steps:

[0066] S100 builds the surgical scene of nerve block through VR server and displays it on VR display synchronously.

[0067] In a possible implementation, in S100, the surgical scene includes:

[0068] Virtual operating room scene, virtual patient, virtual ECG monitor, virtual anesthesia machine, virtual endotracheal tube, virtual laryngoscope, virtual dental pad, virtual adhesive tape, virtual suction device, virtual medicine and syringe, virtual disinfection bag, virtual ultrasound (including low-frequency probe and high-frequency probe), virtual nerve stimulator, virtual extension tube and virtual venous access.

[0069] S200, the VR server randomly outputs the patient's basic information and information about the planned surgery, and the user selects the proposed nerve block site through the VR display.

[0070] S300, the VR server outputs the guidance information for preparation before the nerve block operation, guides the user to prepare the equipment and drugs, and select the local anesthetic and injection amount; if the preparation work or the injection amount of the local anesthetic does not meet the standards, a local anesthetic poisoning event is introduced.

[0071] In a possible implementation, in S300, the pre-operation preparation guidance information for the nerve block includes prompt information on connecting ECG monitoring, connecting anesthesia machine pipelines and completing testing, connecting a suction device, and taking medicines.

[0072] Furthermore, the drug prompt information includes local anesthetics, vasoactive drugs, sedatives and muscle relaxants.

[0073] Furthermore, the local anesthetic drug includes one or more of lidocaine, ropivacaine, bupivacaine and tetracaine;

[0074] Vasoactive drugs include one or more of atropine, ephedrine, methoxamine, epinephrine, dopamine, metaraminol, nitroglycerin, nicardipine, norepinephrine, and dobutamine;

[0075] Sedative drugs include one or more of propofol, clonidine, etomidate, remimazolam, and midazolam;

[0076] Muscle relaxants include one or more of cisatracurium, vecuronium and rocuronium.

[0077] For example, the maximum dose of lidocaine is 300 mg, the maximum dose of ropivacaine is 200 mg, the maximum dose of bupivacaine is 150 mg, and the maximum dose of tetracaine is 100 mg. If the drug concentration and dosage are not adjusted according to the reminder, local anesthetic poisoning events will be introduced.

[0078] In a possible implementation, in S300, introducing a local anesthetic poisoning event includes:

[0079] (1) The VR server outputs the symptoms of local anesthetic poisoning; if the user returns to the patient through the VR hand controller and gives the patient's vital signs information, when the vital signs are stable, the user returns to the drug workbench and selects sedatives to give to the patient, it indicates that the local anesthetic poisoning incident is handled correctly;

[0080] (2) ,If the user does not return to the patient or does not give sedative drugs, the VR server outputs the ECG monitor alarm information, the patient’s blood pressure drops, and the user uses the VR hand controller to return to the drug workbench and select dopamine or ephedrine drugs to give to the patient, indicating that the local anesthetic poisoning incident is handled correctly;

[0081] (3) If the user does not administer vasoactive drugs or administers antihypertensive drugs (nitroglycerin, nicardipine), the VR server outputs information that the patient has convulsions and loss of consciousness, and the user uses the VR hand controller to return to the drug work surface to administer muscle relaxants and perform endotracheal intubation, indicating that the local anesthetic poisoning incident has been properly handled;

[0082] (4) If the user does not administer muscle relaxants or intubate the patient, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test ends.

[0083] It should be noted that the symptoms of local anesthetic poisoning include numbness of the lips, excessive talk, excitement, a metallic sensation in the mouth, tinnitus, convulsions in the limbs, and apathy.

[0084] S400, the VR server outputs the patient's body position preparation guidance information, and the user selects the appropriate body position; outputs disinfection reminders and ultrasound prompts, the user selects the correct site, performs local anesthetic injections and gives withdrawal prompts; if the user does not click on withdrawal, a local anesthetic poisoning event is introduced; adverse events are randomly introduced according to different nerve block sites.

[0085] It should be noted that the supine position is chosen for scalp block, chest wall and abdominal block, the supine position is chosen with the head tilted to the right for left interscalene brachial plexus block or supraclavicular brachial plexus block, the supine position is chosen with the head tilted to the left for right interscalene brachial plexus block or supraclavicular brachial plexus block, the left hand salute position is chosen for left axillary brachial plexus block, the right hand salute position is chosen for right axillary brachial plexus block, and the lateral position is chosen for lumbar plexus, sciatic nerve and paravertebral blocks.

[0086] In a possible implementation, in S400, after the body position is determined, VR outputs the next step guidance information, reminding the user to disinfect, and introduces prompt information for selecting an ultrasound probe according to the selected blockage site; after the ultrasound probe is determined, the VR server provides a number of uncoded ultrasound images, each of which corresponds to a coded ultrasound image, and the coded ultrasound image is coded to mark the name of the anatomical structure of the image. For example, the coded ultrasound image codes A, B, C, D, E... respectively correspond to the names of the anatomical structures. The user selects the uncoded ultrasound image corresponding to the blockage site through the VR hand controller, and further selects the anatomical structure site. If the selection is wrong, the system prompts the wrong image and gives the correct coded ultrasound image. The user selects the corresponding anatomical structure (such as A, B, C, D, E...) according to the coded ultrasound image to determine the injection site of the local anesthetic; if the selection is wrong, the system prompts the error and gives the correct injection site.

[0087] In one possible implementation, in S400, adverse events randomly introduced according to different nerve block sites include:

[0088] If interscalene, supraclavicular brachial plexus, and paravertebral blocks were selected, the VR server randomly introduced local anesthetic poisoning or pneumothorax events;

[0089] If axillary brachial plexus, femoral nerve, popliteal sciatic, or supraclavicular block is selected, the VR server randomly introduces local anesthetic poisoning or shock events;

[0090] If abdominal wall nerve block is selected, the VR server randomly outputs local anesthetic poisoning or intestinal injury events;

[0091] Regardless of the selected nerve block, the VR server outputs a random nerve damage event.

[0092] Further, the pneumothorax event includes:

[0093] If the patient is awake, the VR server outputs pneumothorax symptom information including chest tightness and shortness of breath; if the patient is under general anesthesia, the VR server outputs pneumothorax symptom information including increased airway pressure and decreased blood pressure;

[0094] If the user returns to the patient through the VR hand controller, performs auscultation or lung ultrasound, and then consults with thoracic surgery, and avoids intubation, it indicates a pneumothorax event;

[0095] If the user does not auscultate or request a consultation, the VR server outputs information about the patient's blood pressure dropping and heart rate increasing; the user uses the VR hand controller to call the superior to disinfect and perform thoracentesis, indicating a pneumothorax event;

[0096] If the user does not perform thoracentesis, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test is terminated.

[0097] Further, the shock event includes:

[0098] The VR server outputs shock status information, including the presence of an obvious mass at the patient’s puncture site;

[0099] If the user returns to the patient's side through the VR hand controller, performs local compression and speeds up the infusion, it indicates a shock event;

[0100] If the user does not press, the VR server outputs status information of the patient's blood pressure dropping and heart rate increasing. The user uses the VR hand controller to call a senior doctor, continue pressing, recheck blood gas, and perform blood transfusion, indicating a shock event.

[0101] If the user does not press or transfuse blood, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and ends the test.

[0102] Further, the intestinal events include:

[0103] The VR server outputs intestinal status information, including the state where the puncture needle goes too deep and touches the patient's intestine during the puncture process;

[0104] The user uses the VR hand controller to return to the patient, conduct a medical consultation, and give a doctor's order to fast for 1 day, indicating a bowel event.

[0105] If the user does not give the doctor's advice to fast for 1 day, the VR server outputs the information that the patient has abdominal pain. The user uses the VR hand controller to return to the patient, call the superior, and perform an abdominal CT scan, which indicates a bowel event.

[0106] If the user does not perform an abdominal CT scan and directly gives analgesics, the VR server outputs status information that the patient has fever, decreased blood pressure, and increased heart rate. The user uses the VR hand controller to give infusion, vasoactive drugs, and secondary laparotomy, which is through the intestinal event;

[0107] If the user does not give infusion, use vasoactive drugs, or perform a second laparotomy, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and ends the test.

[0108] Furthermore, the nerve damage events include:

[0109] The VR server outputs status information that the patient feels an electric shock anesthesia in the surgical area during the puncture process, or feels severe pain in the puncture site during the drug injection process. The user immediately stops the drug injection or withdraws the syringe through the VR hand controller, indicating a nerve damage event.

[0110] If the drug push is not stopped or the syringe is not withdrawn, the VR server outputs the information that the patient's numbness in the blocked area has not been alleviated and the motor function has not recovered after 1 day, indicating that the test has failed and the test is ended.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the use of the vasoactive drug, the VR server output simulates the changes in circulation under different conditions of the patient:

[0112] Situation 1: The patient's heart rate only decreases progressively and is <60 beats / min;

[0113] If 0.3 mg of atropine is injected intravenously, the heart rate increases, indicating that the test has passed; if esmolol is injected intravenously, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended;

[0114] Scenario 2: The patient only has a drop in blood pressure (SBP < 90 mmHg);

[0115] If 1 mg of methoxamine, 1 mg of dopamine, 5 mg of ephedrine, or 1 mg of metaraminol is given by intravenous injection, the patient's blood pressure will rise, indicating that the test has passed; if norepinephrine, epinephrine, or phenylephrine is injected intravenously, the blood pressure will rise sharply, and the VR server will output the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended; if nitroglycerin or nicardipine is injected intravenously, the VR server will output the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended.

[0116] This part is mainly to train students on the use of basic vasoactive drugs, so that they can have a more intuitive understanding of the indications and dosages of different vasoactive drugs.

[0117] In one possible implementation, the VR server records all operation data. In steps S200, S300 and S400, there is an instant feedback function, so that when the user makes an error during the operation, a reminder is given and retraining is performed to avoid forming wrong habits, and the next step is not entered until the process is correct. The training evaluation results are generated based on the user's operation data in each step, which is convenient for formulating subsequent training plans. At the same time, continuous improvements are made based on the user's satisfaction score and the improvement areas proposed to improve the training effect.

[0118] The method of the present invention conducts training through a virtual or simulated environment, provides a safe learning environment, reduces risks in actual operations, allows repeated practice and error correction, promotes the mastery of skills, simulates clinical emergencies, improves authenticity, and promotes the emergency response capabilities of anesthesiologists.

[0119] A VR-based nerve block teaching device provided by the present invention is described below. The VR-based nerve block teaching device described below and the VR-based nerve block teaching method described above can refer to each other.

[0120] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a VR-based nerve block teaching device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes: a building module 41, an information output module 42, a preparation guidance information output module 43, a posture guidance information output module 44 and a result output module 45, wherein:

[0121] A building module 41 is used to build a surgical scene of nerve block through a VR server and display it on a VR display synchronously;

[0122] Information output module 42, used for the VR server to randomly output the patient's basic information and the information of the planned surgery, and the user selects the nerve block site to be adopted through the VR display;

[0123] The preparation guidance information output module 43 is used for the VR server to output the preparation guidance information before the nerve block operation, guide the user to prepare the equipment and drugs, and select the local anesthetic drug and the injection amount; if the preparation work or the injection amount of the local anesthetic drug does not meet the standard, the local anesthetic poisoning event is introduced;

[0124] The body position guidance information output module 44 is used for the VR server to output the patient's body position preparation guidance information, so that the user can select a suitable body position; output disinfection reminder and ultrasound prompt information, so that the user can select the correct site, perform local anesthetic injection and give a withdrawal prompt; if the user does not click on the withdrawal, a local anesthetic poisoning event is introduced; and adverse events are randomly introduced according to different nerve block sites;

[0125] The result output module 45 is used to output a passing result if the user completes all the tests.

[0126] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0127] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0128] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A VR-based nerve block teaching method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The surgical scene of nerve block is built through the VR server and displayed synchronously on the VR display; The VR server randomly outputs the patient's basic information and the information of the planned surgery, and the user selects the proposed nerve block site through the VR display; The VR server outputs the guidance information for preparation before the nerve block operation, guiding the user to prepare the equipment and drugs, and select the local anesthetic and injection amount; if the preparation or the injection amount of the local anesthetic does not meet the standards, a local anesthetic poisoning event will be introduced; The VR server outputs patient position preparation guidance information, and the user selects the appropriate position; it outputs disinfection reminders and ultrasound prompts, and the user selects the correct part, performs local anesthetic injections, and gives withdrawal prompts; If the user does not click to withdraw, local anesthetic poisoning events are introduced; adverse events are randomly introduced according to different nerve block sites; If the user completes all tests, a passing result is output.

2. The VR-based nerve block teaching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surgical scene includes a virtual operating room, a virtual patient, a virtual ECG monitor, a virtual anesthesia machine, a virtual endotracheal tube, a virtual laryngoscope, a virtual dental pad, a virtual adhesive tape, a virtual suction device, virtual medicines and syringes, a virtual disinfection package, a virtual ultrasound, a virtual nerve stimulator, a virtual extension tube and a virtual venous access.

3. The VR-based nerve block teaching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation guidance information before the nerve block operation includes prompt information on connecting ECG monitoring, connecting anesthesia machine pipelines and completing testing, connecting suction devices, and drugs.

4. The VR-based nerve block teaching method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The drug prompt information includes local anesthetics, vasoactive drugs, sedatives and muscle relaxants.

5. The VR-based nerve block teaching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Introduced local anesthetic poisoning incidents include: The VR server outputs the symptoms of local anesthetic poisoning; if the user returns to the patient through the VR hand controller and gives the patient's vital signs information, when the vital signs are stable, the user returns to the drug workbench and selects sedatives to give to the patient, it indicates that the local anesthetic poisoning incident is handled correctly; If the user does not return to the patient or does not administer sedatives, the VR server outputs an ECG monitor alarm message, the patient's blood pressure drops, and the user uses the VR hand controller to return to the drug work surface and select dopamine or ephedrine drugs to administer to the patient, indicating that the local anesthetic poisoning event has been properly handled; If the user does not administer vasoactive drugs or instead administers antihypertensive drugs, the VR server outputs information that the patient is experiencing convulsions and loss of consciousness, and the user uses the VR hand controller to return to the drug work surface to administer muscle relaxants and perform tracheal intubation, indicating that the local anesthetic poisoning incident has been properly handled; If the user does not administer muscle relaxants or endotracheal intubation, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test is terminated.

6. The VR-based nerve block teaching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adverse events randomly introduced according to different nerve block sites include: If interscalene, supraclavicular brachial plexus, and paravertebral blocks were selected, the VR server randomly introduced local anesthetic poisoning or pneumothorax events; If axillary brachial plexus, femoral nerve, popliteal sciatic, or supraclavicular block is selected, the VR server randomly introduces local anesthetic poisoning or shock events; If abdominal wall nerve block is selected, the VR server randomly outputs local anesthetic poisoning or intestinal injury events; Regardless of the selected nerve block, the VR server outputs a random nerve damage event.

7. The VR-based nerve block teaching method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pneumothorax events include: If the patient is awake, the VR server outputs pneumothorax symptom information including chest tightness and shortness of breath; if the patient is under general anesthesia, the VR server outputs pneumothorax symptom information including increased airway pressure and decreased blood pressure; If the user returns to the patient through the VR hand controller and performs auscultation or lung ultrasound examination and then asks for a thoracic surgery consultation, it indicates a pneumothorax event; If the user does not auscultate or request a consultation, the VR server outputs information about the patient's blood pressure dropping and heart rate increasing; the user uses the VR hand controller to call the superior to disinfect and perform thoracentesis, indicating a pneumothorax event; If the user does not perform thoracentesis, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and ends the test; The shock events include: The VR server outputs shock status information, including the presence of an obvious mass at the patient’s puncture site; If the user returns to the patient's side through the VR hand controller, performs local compression and speeds up the infusion, it indicates a shock event; If the user does not press, the VR server outputs status information of the patient's blood pressure dropping and heart rate increasing. The user uses the VR hand controller to call a senior doctor, continue pressing, recheck blood gas, and perform blood transfusion, indicating a shock event. If the user does not press or transfuse blood, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and ends the test.

8. The VR-based nerve block teaching method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The intestinal events include: The VR server outputs intestinal status information, including the state where the puncture needle goes too deep and touches the patient's intestine during the puncture process; The user uses the VR hand controller to return to the patient, conduct a medical consultation, and give a doctor's order to fast for 1 day, indicating a bowel event. If the user does not give the doctor's advice to fast for 1 day, the VR server outputs the information that the patient has abdominal pain. The user uses the VR hand controller to return to the patient, call the superior, and perform an abdominal CT scan, which indicates a bowel event. If the user does not perform an abdominal CT scan and directly gives analgesics, the VR server outputs status information that the patient has fever, decreased blood pressure, and increased heart rate. The user uses the VR hand controller to give infusion, vasoactive drugs, and secondary laparotomy, which is through the intestinal event; If the user does not give infusion, vasoactive drugs, or secondary laparotomy, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and ends the test; The neurological damage events include: The VR server outputs status information that the patient feels an electric shock anesthesia in the surgical area during the puncture process, or feels severe pain in the puncture site during the drug injection process. The user immediately stops the drug injection or withdraws the syringe through the VR hand controller, indicating a nerve damage event. If the drug push is not stopped or the syringe is not withdrawn, the VR server outputs the information that the patient's numbness in the blocked area has not been alleviated and the motor function has not recovered after 1 day, indicating that the test has failed and the test is ended.

9. The VR-based nerve block teaching method according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that: The use of the vasoactive drugs, VR server output simulates the changes in circulation under different conditions of the patient: Scenario 1: The patient's heart rate only decreases progressively and is <60 beats / min; If 0.3 mg of atropine is injected intravenously, the heart rate increases, indicating that the test has passed; if esmolol is injected intravenously, the VR server outputs the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended; Scenario 2: The patient only has a drop in blood pressure (SBP < 90 mmHg); If 1 mg of methoxamine, 1 mg of dopamine, 5 mg of ephedrine, or 1 mg of metaraminol is given by intravenous injection, the patient's blood pressure will rise, indicating that the test has passed; if norepinephrine, epinephrine, or phenylephrine is injected intravenously, the blood pressure will rise sharply, and the VR server will output the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended; if nitroglycerin or nicardipine is injected intravenously, the VR server will output the patient's death status information, indicating that the test has failed and the test has ended.

10. A VR-based nerve block teaching device, characterized in that: include: A building module is used to build a surgical scene of nerve block through a VR server and display it on a VR display simultaneously; The information output module is used for the VR server to randomly output the patient's basic information and the information of the planned surgery, and the user selects the proposed nerve block site through the VR display; The preparation guidance information output module is used by the VR server to output the preparation guidance information before the nerve block operation, guide the user to prepare the equipment and drugs, and select the local anesthetic and injection amount; if the preparation work or the injection amount of the local anesthetic does not meet the standards, the local anesthetic poisoning event is introduced; The body position guidance information output module is used for the VR server to output the patient's body position preparation guidance information, so that the user can choose the appropriate body position; output disinfection reminders and ultrasound prompts, so that the user can choose the correct part, perform local anesthetic injections and give withdrawal prompts; If the user does not click to withdraw, local anesthetic poisoning events are introduced; adverse events are randomly introduced according to different nerve block sites; The result output module is used to output a passing result if the user completes all tests.

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