A model demonstration box for simulating the principle of storage runoff

Abstract

The application discloses a model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage runoff generation, which comprises a box body, the first side of which is designed as an opening and the second side is designed as a half opening in the height direction; a horizontal net plate is installed at the opening of the second side of the box body; a plurality of vertical net plates are installed on the horizontal net plate and are arranged vertically, and the box body is divided into a plurality of areas by the plurality of vertical net plates; the areas comprise a first area and at least one second area, and the second area is used for simulating a soil layer; a nozzle is installed at the opening of the first side of the box body; a subsurface runoff pipeline is installed on the side of the box body close to the horizontal net plate; a surface runoff pipeline is installed above the extended end of the subsurface runoff pipeline, and a pipeline valve is arranged at the junction of the inlet of the surface runoff pipeline and the first side of the box body; the inlet of a water collecting tank is in communication with the outlets of the subsurface runoff pipeline and the surface runoff pipeline. The application can simulate the full storage runoff generation process in an intuitive, simple, accurate and vivid manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation, and belongs to the technical field of hydrological simulation. Background Art

[0002] Flow generation during flooding is a key mechanism in hydrology, crucial for understanding watershed hydrological processes and water resource management. Currently, there is a lack of intuitive and effective tools for accurately simulating this mechanism in teaching, research, and popular science, making it difficult for learners to fully grasp its principles and dynamics.

[0003] Without a teaching model, the concept of runoff generation from saturation is very abstract to students. Saturation runoff involves multiple complex hydrological processes, including precipitation, soil water storage, infiltration, and runoff. Relying solely on textbook knowledge and verbal explanations, students struggle to construct a concrete scenario of how these processes interact. For example, when explaining the crucial process of soil water storage reaching saturation to generate runoff, without a model, students may struggle to understand how soil water storage and the level of water required to generate runoff. This makes it difficult for teachers to effectively convey this abstract concept. The lack of an intuitive teaching model significantly limits practical teaching activities. Practical teaching is crucial in the teaching of water conservancy, hydrology, and other related disciplines. Without a model, students cannot personally operate and observe the saturation runoff process, making it difficult to grasp the specific impacts of factors such as precipitation intensity, soil texture, and terrain slope on saturation runoff generation. For example, if a teacher wants students to explore how saturation runoff varies under different precipitation intensities, without a teaching model, they cannot conduct a practical simulation experiment. Students can only rely on theoretical formulas for calculations, rather than truly experiencing and verifying these principles through practice. The effectiveness of teaching is significantly reduced due to students' difficulty understanding and the lack of practical teaching. Under traditional teaching methods, students often only grasp the surface of knowledge about full-storage runoff, struggling to grasp its essence. In exams or real-world application scenarios, students may simply memorize concepts and formulas, failing to flexibly apply this knowledge to solve practical problems. For example, when it comes to practical application scenarios such as basin runoff calculations and flood forecasting, students, lacking a deep understanding of the full-storage runoff process through models, may be unable to correctly analyze and calculate relevant parameters, leading to errors when solving practical problems.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow production, which can simulate the full storage and flow production process in an intuitive, simple, accurate and vivid manner, is convenient for use in teaching, scientific research and popular science activities, and helps users better understand the principle of full storage and flow production and related influencing factors.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation, comprising:

[0008] The box body 1 has a first side surface that is opposite to each other in the height direction and adopts an open design, and a second side surface that adopts a semi-open design;

[0009] a transverse mesh plate 4, the transverse mesh plate 4 being installed at the opening of the box body 1 on the second side surface, and the transverse mesh plate 4 being parallel to the second side surface;

[0010] a plurality of vertical mesh panels 3, wherein the plurality of vertical mesh panels 3 are mounted on the horizontal mesh panels 4 and the two are arranged perpendicularly, and the plurality of vertical mesh panels 3 divide the space of the box body 1 near the second side into a plurality of areas; the areas include a first area and at least one second area, wherein the non-opening area on the second side is used as the first area, and the area on the horizontal mesh panels 4 is used as the second area, and the second area serves as the simulated soil layer 2;

[0011] A simulated precipitation device, comprising a nozzle 10, wherein the nozzle 10 is installed at an opening of the box body 1 on the first side, and the number of the nozzles 10 is equal to the number of the multiple areas into which the box body 1 is divided;

[0012] An underground runoff pipe 5 is installed on a side of the box body 1 close to the transverse mesh plate 4 and is in communication with the second area; at least a portion of the underground runoff pipe 5 extends from a side of the box body 1 close to the first area;

[0013] A surface runoff pipe 6 is installed above the extended end of the underground runoff pipe 5, and a pipe valve 13 is provided at the intersection of the inlet of the surface runoff pipe 6 and the box body on the first area side;

[0014] The water collecting box 12 has an inlet that is in communication with the outlets of the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6 .

[0015] Furthermore, the box body 1 is made of transparent material, and the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6 are both transparent pipes.

[0016] Furthermore, the number of the second areas is one or more; if the number of the second areas is multiple, the height of the simulated soil laid in the multiple second areas increases sequentially from the first area to the direction away from the first area.

[0017] Furthermore, the model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation also includes a measurement and monitoring system, which includes:

[0018] Humidity sensors 9, wherein a plurality of humidity sensors 9 are inserted in each second area;

[0019] Flow sensors, including a surface runoff flow sensor 7 and an underground runoff flow sensor 8, wherein the surface runoff flow sensor 7 is installed in the surface runoff pipe 6, and the underground runoff flow sensor 8 is installed in the underground runoff pipe 5;

[0020] A wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the capacitive humidity sensor and the flow sensor to an external data processing terminal 15 .

[0021] Furthermore, the simulated precipitation device further includes a flow control component 14 , which is connected to each of the nozzles 10 via a water pipe 11 , and a nozzle valve 16 is provided on the water pipe 11 near each of the nozzles 10 .

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] First, it is intuitive

[0024] Through the transparent box and the clearly visible simulated soil layer, simulated precipitation device, drainage system and other structures inside, users can intuitively observe the entire process of storage and runoff generation, including the infiltration of precipitation into the soil layer, runoff generation after the soil is filled, the order of runoff generation in the basin, and the discharge of runoff, making it easier to quickly understand its principles.

[0025] Second, high simulation accuracy

[0026] Due to its ability to precisely control precipitation parameters, adjust the soil properties of the simulated soil layer, and monitor and dynamically control a variety of related parameters in real time, this model demonstration box can accurately simulate the full storage and runoff conditions under the influence of various factors such as the water storage capacity of different soil types, precipitation intensity, and infiltration capacity. The simulation has high accuracy and can provide reliable data support for teaching, scientific research, etc.

[0027] Third, good flexibility

[0028] According to different teaching, scientific research or popular science needs, the soil type of the simulated soil layer, the precipitation parameters of the precipitation device, the drainage speed of the drainage system, etc. can be easily adjusted to adapt to the simulation requirements in various scenarios with good flexibility.

[0029] Fourth, it facilitates data collection and analysis

[0030] The built-in sensors can collect a large amount of key data related to storage and flow in real time, and can easily transmit the data to an external terminal for processing through a wireless transmission module, allowing users to deeply analyze the laws of the storage and flow process, which is conducive to the development of related research and teaching activities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a model demonstration box for simulating full storage and flow generation according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the stencil;

[0033] Figure 3 Schematic diagram for humidity sensor installation;

[0034] The numbers in the figure are: 1-box body, 2-simulated soil layer, 3-vertical mesh plate, 4-horizontal mesh plate, 5-underground runoff pipe, 6-surface runoff pipe, 7-surface runoff flow sensor, 8-underground runoff flow sensor, 9-humidity sensor, 10-sprinkler, 11-water pipeline, 12-water collection tank, 13-pipeline valve, 14-sprinkler valve, 15-data processing terminal, 16-sprinkler valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in any way.

[0036] Example 1: Figures 1-3 As shown, a model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation includes:

[0037] The box body 1 has a first side surface that is opposite to each other in the height direction and adopts an open design, and a second side surface that adopts a semi-open design;

[0038] a transverse mesh plate 4, the transverse mesh plate 4 being installed at the opening of the box body 1 on the second side surface, and the transverse mesh plate 4 being parallel to the second side surface;

[0039] a plurality of vertical mesh panels 3, wherein the plurality of vertical mesh panels 3 are mounted on the horizontal mesh panels 4 and the two are arranged perpendicularly, and the plurality of vertical mesh panels 3 divide the space of the box body 1 near the second side into a plurality of areas; the areas include a first area and at least one second area, wherein the non-opening area on the second side is used as the first area, and the area on the horizontal mesh panels 4 is used as the second area, and the second area serves as the simulated soil layer 2;

[0040] A simulated precipitation device, comprising a nozzle 10, wherein the nozzle 10 is installed at an opening of the box body 1 on the first side, and the number of the nozzles 10 is equal to the number of the multiple areas into which the box body 1 is divided;

[0041] An underground runoff pipe 5 is installed on a side of the box body 1 close to the transverse mesh plate 4 and is in communication with the second area; at least a portion of the underground runoff pipe 5 extends from a side of the box body 1 close to the first area;

[0042] A surface runoff pipe 6 is installed above the extended end of the underground runoff pipe 5, and a pipe valve 13 is provided at the intersection of the inlet of the surface runoff pipe 6 and the box body on the first area side. By installing the pipe valve 13 at the intersection of the surface runoff pipe 6 and the box body, the adjustable drain valve can control the drainage rate to simulate the full flow production under different infiltration capacities and drainage conditions. The underground runoff pipe is not equipped with a valve. The underground runoff pipe is connected to the bottom of the simulated soil layer and is separated by a horizontal mesh plate 4 to discharge the underground runoff generated during the full flow production process (i.e., water seeping from the sponge).

[0043] The water collecting box 12 has an inlet that is in communication with the outlets of the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6 , that is, the water collecting box 12 is installed at the ends of the two pipes.

[0044] For example, the height direction is the simulated rainfall direction; Figure 1 The middle water collecting tank is illustrated from the left side. The tank body has an open top and a semi-open bottom. A transverse mesh plate 4 is mounted at the bottom opening, a nozzle 10 is mounted at the top opening, and an underground runoff pipe 5 is mounted at the bottom of the transverse mesh plate 4. The underground runoff pipe 5 extends from the side of the tank body 1 near the first area (i.e., extends outward from the left side of the tank body). A surface runoff pipe 6 is mounted above the extended end of the underground runoff pipe 5. The water collecting tank 12 is mounted on the outlet side of the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6. The mesh plate can be made of steel.

[0045] Further, the box body 1 is made of transparent plastic, and the underground runoff pipe 5 and the surface runoff pipe 6 are both rectangular transparent pipes; through the above design, the user can intuitively observe the entire process of runoff storage and production, including the infiltration of precipitation in the sponge layer, the runoff production after the sponge layer is filled, and the discharge of runoff, etc., which facilitates quick understanding of the principle.

[0046] Further, the second area is paved with sponge as a simulated soil layer 2; the sponge can be replaced by a high-molecular material with water retention, or can also be a sand bag.

[0047] Further, the number of the second areas is one or more; if the number of the second areas is more, the heights of the simulated soil paved in the multiple second areas increase in turn from the first area to the direction away from the first area.

[0048] Exemplarily, referring to Figure 1 , the box body is internally provided with sponge for simulating a soil layer, which is divided into six different areas according to different air zone water storage capacities (the thickness of the simulated soil layer represents the water storage depth of the air zone), and the bottom space of the box body 1 is divided into six areas by five vertical net plates 3; the leftmost area is the first area, and five second areas are provided with sponges of different heights in order of simulated height, and the sponges of different heights are used to simulate the soil layer, so as to simulate the water permeability and water retention capacity of the actual soil. Based on the above design, the first area can be used to simulate artificial pavement, houses, etc. without water storage capacity, and directly produce runoff after rainfall.

[0049] Further, the model demonstration box for simulating the runoff production principle further comprises a measurement and monitoring system, and the measurement and monitoring system comprises:

[0050] Capacitive humidity sensors 9, a plurality of the humidity sensors 9 are inserted at the half height position of the sponge in each second area, for real-time monitoring of the change of humidity;

[0051] Flow sensors, the flow sensors comprise a surface runoff flow sensor 7 and an underground runoff flow sensor 8, the surface runoff flow sensor 7 is installed in the surface runoff pipe 6, and the underground runoff flow sensor 8 is installed in the underground runoff pipe 5, for accurately measuring the runoff flow;

[0052] A wireless transmission module, the wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the capacitive humidity sensors and the flow sensors to an external data processing terminal 15.

[0053] Exemplarily, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 3, 5 sockets are opened on the side of the box body 1, and a capacitive humidity sensor 9 is inserted into each sponge to monitor soil moisture, so as to accurately judge whether the simulated soil is full and the degree of fullness; the surface runoff flow sensor 7 and the underground runoff flow sensor 8 are installed 30 cm at the end of the two pipes to accurately measure the discharged runoff flow, and further combined with other parameters to analyze the flow production pattern during the full flow production process; the external data processing terminal 15 (such as a computer, tablet computer, etc.) is used to receive the data recorded by each sensor. The data processing terminal is equipped with supporting software, which can perform real-time display, analysis, storage and other operations on the collected data, so that users can deeply study the full flow production process.

[0054] Furthermore, the simulated precipitation device further includes a flow control component 14 , which is connected to each of the nozzles 10 via a water pipe 11 , and a nozzle valve 16 is provided on the water pipe 11 near each of the nozzles 10 .

[0055] For example, refer to Figure 1 Each zone is topped with a correspondingly sized square nozzle 10 to simulate precipitation; water pipes 11 for each nozzle are connected in parallel. The flow control component 14 described above can be used to simulate the precipitation parameters of the precipitation device, including precipitation intensity and duration, according to a pre-set simulation scheme. By placing the simulated precipitation device above the simulated soil layer, the device can precisely control precipitation parameters such as precipitation intensity and duration, simulating different rainfall scenarios.

[0056] By applying the above technical solution, it can be seen that the present invention can automatically adjust the precipitation parameters (such as precipitation intensity, precipitation duration, etc.) of the simulated precipitation device according to the preset simulation scheme by configuring the measurement and monitoring system, and automatically adjust the drainage speed of the drainage system according to the data feedback from the soil moisture sensor, thereby realizing dynamic and precise control of the storage and runoff process, and ensuring that the simulation process meets the expected various scenario settings.

[0057] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0058] 1. Preparation stage:

[0059] Check the integrity of all model components and ensure proper connections to the sprinkler, sensor, and piping. Adjust the sponge to a completely dry initial state and place them in the box from lowest to highest to simulate the uneven soil water storage capacity in different areas. Record the initial reading of the soil moisture sensor at this point, which should be 0. Open valve 13 in the surface runoff pipe.

[0060] 2. Precipitation simulation:

[0061] According to the teaching needs of the set amount of precipitation (precipitation intensity can not be too large, the standard is not greater than the infiltration rate of the sponge layer, otherwise it will directly produce runoff, will not be able to simulate the principle of full production flow), adjust the flow of each nozzle of the precipitation simulation device to simulate the unevenness of precipitation between regions. During the precipitation process, observe the precipitation distribution of each region, and observe the wetness of the sponge surface and the change of the reading of the soil moisture sensor. Since it is separated by a screen, horizontal water flow will occur between sponges, allowing such phenomena to occur, because water flow in nature also produces horizontal movement. As the precipitation continues, each simulated soil layer begins to store water, and when the soil moisture reaches saturation, underground runoff and surface runoff begin to occur.

[0062] 3. Runoff observation and recording:

[0063] Because the height of the sponge represents the water storage capacity of the soil, when the precipitation intensity of each region is consistent, the lowest sponge will reach saturation first, and the remaining regions will begin to produce runoff. The surface runoff of each sponge layer flows down one layer at a time, flows through the area where no sponge is placed, and then flows through the flow sensor along the pipeline, and finally flows into the collection tank 12. When passing through the flow sensor, the runoff and the change of the runoff in the collection tank are recorded. Multiple experiments can be conducted under different precipitation intensities and durations, such as setting the precipitation intensity to 20 ml / min, 50 ml / min, and 80 ml / min, and the precipitation duration to 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes, and recording the corresponding runoff data.

[0064] 4. Data analysis and teaching explanation:

[0065] According to the recorded precipitation, soil moisture change, runoff, and other data, guide students to analyze the principle and law of full production flow. Mainly including the following points: ① This device simulates the unevenness of precipitation in each region by adjusting the flow of each nozzle during the precipitation process. Students can observe the change of soil moisture through the humidity sensor. ② This device simulates the unevenness of soil water storage capacity between regions by adjusting the height of the sponge block. When the water content of the air zone does not reach the field water holding capacity, the soil will not produce underground runoff and surface runoff. ③ Due to the unevenness of soil water storage capacity between regions, their runoff always has a sequence, and by observing the number of sponge blocks that have produced runoff in the tank, the runoff area and runoff area ratio can be calculated.

[0066] 5. Model maintenance and care

[0067] After each experiment, clean the accumulated water and impurities inside the model to prevent pipe blockage and component corrosion. Check if the nozzle is blocked, and if necessary, clean or replace it. Regularly check the condition of the sponge, and if the porosity changes significantly, repair or replace it to ensure its accuracy in simulating the soil water storage performance. Calibrate and maintain the electronic components such as humidity sensors and display instruments to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0068] The specific embodiments of the application described above with reference to the drawings are illustrative in nature, but the application is not limited to the embodiments described above. Within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the application.

Claims

1. A model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation, characterized in that: include: A box body (1), wherein the box body (1) has a first side surface that is oppositely arranged in a height direction and adopts an open design, and a second side surface that adopts a semi-open design; A transverse mesh plate (4), the transverse mesh plate (4) being installed at an opening of the box body (1) on the second side surface, and the transverse mesh plate (4) being parallel to the second side surface; A plurality of vertical mesh panels (3) are installed on the horizontal mesh panels (4) and the two are arranged vertically, and the space of the box body (1) near the second side is divided into a plurality of areas by the plurality of vertical mesh panels (3); the areas include a first area and at least one second area, the non-opening area on the second side is used as the first area, the area on the horizontal mesh panels (4) is used as the second area, and the second area serves as a simulated soil layer (2); A simulated precipitation device, comprising a nozzle (10), the nozzle (10) being installed at an opening of the box body (1) located on the first side, the number of the nozzles (10) being equal to the number of the plurality of areas into which the box body (1) is divided; An underground runoff pipe (5), the underground runoff pipe (5) being installed on a side of the box body (1) close to the transverse mesh plate (4) and the underground runoff pipe (5) being arranged in communication with the second area; A surface runoff pipe (6), the surface runoff pipe (6) being installed above the extended end of the underground runoff pipe (5), and a pipe valve (13) being provided at the intersection of the inlet of the surface runoff pipe (6) and the box body on the first area side; A water collecting box (12), wherein the inlet of the water collecting box (12) is communicated with the outlets of the underground runoff pipe (5) and the surface runoff pipe (6).

2. The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body (1) is made of a transparent material, and the underground runoff pipe (5) and the surface runoff pipe (6) are both transparent pipes.

3. The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the second areas is one or more; if the number of the second areas is more than one, the height of the simulated soil laid in the multiple second areas increases sequentially from the first area to the direction away from the first area.

4. The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation also includes a measurement and monitoring system, which includes: a humidity sensor (9), wherein a plurality of the humidity sensors (9) are inserted in each second area; A flow sensor, the flow sensor comprising a surface runoff flow sensor (7) and an underground runoff flow sensor (8), the surface runoff flow sensor (7) being installed in a surface runoff pipe (6), and the underground runoff flow sensor (8) being installed in an underground runoff pipe (5); A wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the capacitive humidity sensor and the flow sensor to an external data processing terminal (15).

5. The model demonstration box for simulating the principle of full storage and flow generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated precipitation device further comprises a flow control component (14), wherein the flow control component (14) is connected to each of the nozzles (10) via a water supply pipe (11), and a nozzle valve (16) is provided on the water supply pipe (11) near each of the nozzles (10).

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