Automatic sun tracking device and method for detecting concentration of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and methane column

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic sun tracking device and method for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and methane columns, and relates to the technical field of atmospheric environment monitoring. The device comprises a station building, a fixed platform, a rotating platform, a reflector system, a photoelectric detector, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and the like, the position of the sun is tracked in real time through the photoelectric detector and a sensor, it is ensured that the spectrometer receives direct sunlight, and the spectral analysis accuracy is improved. The method comprises the steps of initialization setting, sun position detection, azimuth angle and elevation angle tracking, sun beam introduction, data collection and processing, data transmission and verification, real-time adjustment and feedback and the like, and automatic operation and continuous and accurate data collection are achieved. According to the invention, the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric environment monitoring, and in particular to an automatic solar tracking device and method for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns. Background Art

[0002] Ground-based remote sensing technology automatically tracks the direct solar spectrum through ground-based measurement equipment, and uses Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to obtain the column concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In recent years, the technology of solar tracking technology has developed rapidly. Most of the solar tracking systems use the following two tracking methods: one is the apparent solar trajectory tracking method, and the other is the photoelectric tracking method. The apparent solar trajectory tracking method calculates the astronomical coordinates of the sun based on the sun's trajectory for open-loop passive tracking. The more intuitive method is to use the horizontal coordinate system as a reference system to describe the position of the sun. This method is to track the sun through the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle. The advantage of this method is that it tracks the sun in complex weather conditions such as rainy days and cloudy days, is not affected by other light sources, and has strong anti-interference ability; the disadvantage is that the tracking accuracy is low, and when there are mechanical errors and installation errors, it cannot be self-adjusted.

[0003] Photoelectric tracking mainly uses the response of photoelectric sensor elements to light to measure the change of the sun's position relative to the solar tracking system, and then converts the change in the light signal into an electrical signal, thereby driving the adjustment mechanism to track the sun. Compared with the apparent solar trajectory tracking, photoelectric tracking can perform feedback adjustment in real time, eliminate mechanical errors and installation errors, and has high tracking accuracy. Its disadvantage is that in rainy and cloudy weather conditions, the light sensor elements will produce large errors due to the weak sunlight after passing through the clouds, which requires software correction. At present, the photoelectric tracking method is widely used due to its high reliability.

[0004] There are multiple problems with existing technologies in solar tracking: although the apparent solar trajectory tracking method has strong anti-interference ability, it has low tracking accuracy and cannot provide self-feedback adjustment when there are mechanical errors and installation errors; although the photoelectric tracking method has high tracking accuracy and can provide real-time feedback adjustment, the light sensing elements are prone to errors due to weak sunlight on rainy and cloudy days, affecting tracking stability and accuracy; most system components lack close integration, resulting in complex operation, low data processing efficiency, and frequent manual intervention; the discontinuity and lag in data collection and processing may affect the real-time monitoring and analysis of greenhouse gas changes; some solar tracking devices rely on a single power supply and have poor environmental adaptability, affecting the continuity and reliability of data collection; at the same time, some systems lack a comparison and verification mechanism with ground-based remote sensing data and satellite remote sensing observation methods, and the data accuracy cannot be fully verified.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an automatic solar tracking device and method for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a solar automatic tracking device for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns, which comprises:

[0007] Station building, with skylight on top;

[0008] Installed in the station building:

[0009] Fixed platform;

[0010] The rotating platform is installed on the fixed platform and can rotate horizontally and in elevation to adjust the angle of the reflector to track the sun;

[0011] The first reflector is fixed on the pitch rotation drive motor and directly receives direct sunlight; its reflecting surface faces upward and is used to reflect sunlight to the second reflector;

[0012] A support frame is arranged on the rotating platform and is used to support the first reflector and the second reflector; the first reflector is installed at the bottom of the support frame, and the second reflector is installed at the top of the support frame;

[0013] The second reflector has a reflective surface facing downward and receives the sunlight reflected by the first reflector. A small through hole is provided on the second reflector to allow a portion of the light to pass through and be incident on the third reflector.

[0014] A third reflector receives the light reflected by the first reflector and passing through the small hole on the second reflector, and reflects it to the photodetector;

[0015] a fourth reflector, receiving most of the sunlight reflected by the second reflector;

[0016] A horizontal rotation drive motor drives the rotating platform to rotate horizontally to adjust the horizontal angle of the reflector system;

[0017] The pitch rotation driving motor drives the first reflector to pitch and rotate so as to adjust the pitch angle of the reflector system;

[0018] The motor controller is connected to the control ends of the horizontal rotation motor and the pitch rotation motor through control lines, and drives the motor to rotate a corresponding compensation amount according to the incident angle and offset of the sunlight obtained by the photoelectric detector, so as to achieve real-time tracking of the sun;

[0019] A photoelectric detector is installed in a dark box on the upper part of the second reflector, receives the sunlight reflected by the third reflector, and is used to detect the incident angle of the sunlight and calculate the offset;

[0020] Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, which receives direct sunlight from an automatic sun-tracking device, analyzes the solar absorption spectrum, and determines the column concentrations of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere;

[0021] A wireless transmission antenna wirelessly transmits the collected data to a data processing center;

[0022] Micro weather station, providing real-time weather information and assisting data analysis and correction;

[0023] The industrial control data processing system processes the collected solar absorption spectrum and calculates the column concentration and vertical profile of greenhouse gases CO and CH;

[0024] The power supply system, including a switchable solar power source and a DC regulated power source powered by the mains, provides power support for each component of the device;

[0025] The first reflector is connected to the rotating platform via a pitch rotation driving motor to achieve adjustment of the pitch angle;

[0026] The second reflector and the third reflector are connected to the rotating platform through a support frame to ensure that they can rotate with the rotation of the rotating platform;

[0027] The photoelectric detector is connected to the second reflector through a dark box to receive the light reflected by the third reflector;

[0028] The control ends of the horizontal rotation drive motor and the pitch rotation drive motor are connected to the motor controller through control lines to achieve precise control of the motors;

[0029] The fourth reflector is connected to the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to guide the reflected sunlight into the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for data collection;

[0030] The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is connected to the industrial control data processing system through circuits or wirelessly to transmit solar absorption spectrum data; the wireless transmission antenna is connected to the data processing center through wirelessly; the micro-meteorological station is connected to the industrial control data processing system through circuits or wirelessly to transmit meteorological information.

[0031] A solar automatic tracking method for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns is performed according to the following steps:

[0032] S1. Initialization settings;

[0033] Open the skylight of the station building to allow sunlight to enter the station building through the skylight; connect the power system to ensure that the device has sufficient power supply; start the industrial control data processing system and initialize the system parameters, including the sensitivity settings of the photodiode, azimuth sensor, altitude sensor, and the control parameters of the drive motor;

[0034] S2. Sun position detection;

[0035] Use photoelectric detectors to detect the direction of sunlight; when sunlight shines in a direction perpendicular to the sensor base, no signal is output; when sunlight deviates from the vertical direction, a deviation signal is generated, which is amplified and sent to the control unit;

[0036] S3. Azimuth tracking;

[0037] The azimuth sensor detects the azimuth of the solar collector and compares it with the preset solar azimuth. If there is a deviation, the control unit receives the signal from the azimuth sensor, starts the horizontal rotation drive motor, drives the rotating platform to rotate in the horizontal direction, and adjusts the azimuth of the solar collector until it is aligned with the sun. Every night when the solar irradiance is lower than the working illumination, the azimuth sensor will automatically search for the sun to ensure that it is automatically aligned with the sun the next morning.

[0038] S4. Altitude angle tracking;

[0039] The altitude angle sensor detects the altitude angle of the solar energy collector and compares it with the preset solar altitude angle; if there is a deviation, the control unit receives the signal of the altitude angle sensor, starts the pitch rotation drive motor, drives the rotating platform to rotate in the pitch direction, and adjusts the altitude angle of the solar energy collector until it is aligned with the sun; as the sun moves from east to west, the altitude angle sensor will continuously detect and adjust the altitude angle of the solar energy collector to ensure that it is always aligned with the sun;

[0040] S5. Solar beam introduction;

[0041] The solar beam is guided into the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer by a fourth plane reflector installed between the automatic sun tracking device and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer; from the perspective of the light trajectory, the direct sunlight first enters the first reflector connected to the pitch drive motor, and then reaches the second reflector after reflection; most of the light is reflected downward by the second reflector, and after reflection by the fourth reflector, enters the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer at a suitable angle; and a small part of the light reflected by the first reflector passes through the small hole on the second reflector and enters the third reflector, and then is reflected to the photoelectric detector for detecting the incident angle of the sunlight;

[0042] S6. Data collection and processing;

[0043] The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer continuously and automatically records the solar absorption spectrum and transmits the data to the industrial control data processing system; the industrial control data processing system processes the collected high-resolution solar absorption spectrum and calculates the column concentration and vertical profile of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere through a specific algorithm; at the same time, the micro-weather station provides real-time meteorological information to assist data analysis and correction;

[0044] S7. Data transmission and verification;

[0045] The calculated column concentration and vertical profile data of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere are transmitted to the data processing center through wireless transmission antennas; the ground-based remote sensing data are compared and verified with satellite remote sensing observation methods to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data;

[0046] S8. Real-time adjustment and feedback;

[0047] During the entire tracking process, the system performs real-time feedback adjustments to eliminate mechanical errors and installation errors to ensure tracking accuracy. In complex weather conditions such as rainy days and cloudy days, the system performs software corrections based on the signal changes of the photodiode to ensure the continuity and stability of tracking. Since the light beam passing through the small hole of the second reflector and the light beam before reflection by the second reflector are coaxial, the horizontal and pitch rotation of the driving motor can keep the position of the sun on the detector constant, realize real-time tracking of the sun, and ensure that the incident angle of the direct sunlight beam reaching the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer remains basically unchanged.

[0048] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0049] The present invention uses the coordinated work of a photodiode, an azimuth angle sensor and an altitude angle sensor, so that the device can track the position of the sun in real time and accurately. This ensures that the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer always receives direct sunlight, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of spectral analysis. The highly integrated system design enables the device to achieve automatic operation without excessive manual intervention. The work efficiency is improved, the continuity of data is guaranteed, and the influence of human factors on data accuracy is reduced. The solar absorption spectrum is continuously and automatically recorded by the device of the present invention, and the column concentration of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere is quickly calculated by the industrial control data processing system, which provides real-time and accurate data support for climate change research. The power supply system adopts a switchable solar power supply and a DC regulated power supply powered by the mains to ensure that the device can work stably under various environmental conditions. This design improves the adaptability and reliability of the device, so that it can maintain efficient operation in various complex environments. Through the wireless transmission antenna, the device can transmit data to the data processing center. At the same time, the ground-based remote sensing data is compared and verified with the satellite remote sensing observation method to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. This multi-source data verification method further improves the credibility of the data.

[0050] A specific method of the present invention for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns using the above-mentioned device includes the steps of initialization setting, sun position detection, azimuth and altitude angle tracking, sun beam introduction, data collection and processing, data transmission and verification, and real-time adjustment and feedback. Through clear operating steps, the standardization and repeatability of the detection are ensured. The reliability and accuracy of the detection results are improved. During the entire tracking process, the system performs real-time feedback adjustment, which can eliminate mechanical errors and installation errors and ensure tracking accuracy. Under complex weather conditions, the system can also perform software correction according to the signal changes of the photodiode to ensure the continuity and stability of the tracking. This real-time adjustment mechanism greatly improves the robustness and adaptability of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the greenhouse gas column concentration ground-based remote sensing system of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a column concentration ground-based remote sensing solar tracker device according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure.

[0054] Numbers in the figure:

[0055] 1. Fixed platform; 2. Rotating platform; 3. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer; 401. First reflector; 402. Second reflector; 5. Horizontal rotation drive motor; 6. Pitch rotation drive motor; 7. Photoelectric detector; 8. Support frame; 9. Station building; 10. Wireless transmission antenna; 11. Solar tracker; 12. Industrial control system; 13. Skylight; 14. Micro weather station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. In addition, the forms of the various structures recorded in the following embodiments are merely illustrative, and the present invention is not limited to the various structures recorded in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 The present invention provides a solar automatic tracking device for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns, which comprises:

[0058] Station building 9, a skylight 13 is provided on the top of station building 9;

[0059] Installed in station building 9:

[0060] Fixed platform 1;

[0061] The rotating platform 2 is installed on the fixed platform 1 and can rotate horizontally and in elevation to adjust the angle of the reflector to track the sun;

[0062] The rotating platform 2 includes a horizontal rotation drive motor 5, a pitch rotation drive motor 6, a first reflector 401 fixed on the pitch rotation drive motor 6 and directly receiving direct sunlight, a second reflector 402 that receives sunlight reflected by the first reflector 401, a third reflector that receives sunlight reflected by the first reflector 401 and passing through a small hole on the second reflector 402, and a photoelectric detector 7 that detects sunlight reflected by the third reflector.

[0063] The first reflector 401 is fixed on the pitch rotation drive motor 6 and directly receives direct sunlight; its reflecting surface faces upward and is used to reflect sunlight to the second reflector 402;

[0064] A support frame 8 is provided on the rotating platform 2 and is used to support a first reflector 401 and a second reflector 402; the first reflector 401 is installed at the bottom of the support frame 8, and the second reflector 402 is installed at the top of the support frame 8;

[0065] The second reflector 402 has a reflective surface facing downward and receives the sunlight reflected by the first reflector 401. A small through hole is provided on the second reflector to allow a portion of the light to pass through and be incident on the third reflector.

[0066] A third reflector receives the light reflected by the first reflector 401 and passing through the small hole on the second reflector 402, and reflects it to the photodetector 7;

[0067] a fourth reflector, receiving most of the sunlight reflected by the second reflector 402;

[0068] The horizontal rotation driving motor 5 drives the rotating platform 2 to rotate horizontally to adjust the horizontal angle of the reflector system;

[0069] The pitch rotation driving motor 6 drives the first reflector 401 to pitch and rotate to adjust the pitch angle of the reflector system;

[0070] The motor controller is connected to the control ends of the horizontal rotation motor and the pitch rotation motor through control lines, and drives the motor to rotate the corresponding compensation amount according to the incident angle and offset of the sunlight obtained by the photoelectric detector 7, so as to achieve real-time tracking of the sun;

[0071] The photoelectric detector 7 is installed in the dark box on the upper part of the second reflector 402, receives the sunlight reflected by the third reflector, and is used to detect the incident angle of the sunlight and calculate the offset;

[0072] Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3, receiving direct sunlight from the automatic sun tracking device, analyzing the solar absorption spectrum, and determining the column concentration of greenhouse gases CO and CH in the atmosphere;

[0073] A wireless transmission antenna 10 wirelessly transmits the collected data to a data processing center;

[0074] Micro weather station 14, providing real-time weather information and assisting data analysis and correction;

[0075] The industrial control data processing system processes the collected solar absorption spectrum and calculates the column concentration and vertical profile of greenhouse gases CO and CH;

[0076] The power supply system, including a switchable solar power source and a DC regulated power source powered by the mains, provides power support for each component of the device;

[0077] The control ends of the horizontal rotation driving motor 5 driving the rotating platform 2 to rotate horizontally and the pitch rotation motor driving the first reflector 401 to rotate in pitch are respectively connected to the corresponding ports of the motor controller through control lines. A support frame 8 is provided on the rotating platform 2; the first reflector 401 is installed at the lower part of the support frame 8, with the reflecting surface facing upward; the second reflector 402 is installed at the top of the support frame 8, with the reflecting surface facing downward; the photodetector 7 and the third reflector are installed in a dark box at the upper part of the second reflector 402; when the reflected light of the first reflector 401 is incident on the second reflector 402, a part of the light beam passes through the small through hole on the second reflector 402 and is incident on the third reflector, and then is reflected to the photodetector 7, but most of the direct sunlight beam incident on the second reflector 402 is reflected downward to the fourth reflector. The first reflector 401 is connected to the rotating platform 2 through the pitch rotation driving motor 6 to achieve the adjustment of the pitch angle.

[0078] The second reflector 402 and the third reflector are connected to the rotating platform 2 via the support frame 8 to ensure that they can rotate along with the rotation of the rotating platform 2;

[0079] The photodetector 7 is connected to the second reflector 402 through a dark box to receive the light reflected by the third reflector;

[0080] The control ends of the horizontal rotation drive motor 5 and the pitch rotation drive motor 6 are connected to the motor controller through control lines to achieve precise control of the motors;

[0081] The fourth reflector is connected to the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 to guide the reflected sunlight into the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 for data collection;

[0082] The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 is connected to the industrial control data processing system through circuits or wirelessly to transmit solar absorption spectrum data; the wireless transmission antenna 10 is connected to the data processing center through wirelessly; the micro meteorological station 14 is connected to the industrial control data processing system through circuits or wirelessly to transmit meteorological information.

[0083] The present invention provides a solar automatic tracking method for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns, which is carried out according to the following steps:

[0084] S1. Initialization settings;

[0085] Open the skylight 13 of the station building 9 to allow sunlight to enter the station building 9 through the skylight 13; connect the power system to ensure that the device has sufficient power supply; start the industrial control data processing system and initialize the system parameters, including the sensitivity settings of the photodiode, azimuth sensor, altitude sensor, and the control parameters of the drive motor;

[0086] S2. Sun position detection;

[0087] A photoelectric detector 7 is used to detect the direction of sunlight; when the sunlight is irradiated in a direction perpendicular to the sensor base, no signal is output; when the sunlight deviates from the vertical direction, a deviation signal is generated, which is amplified and sent to the control unit;

[0088] S3. Azimuth tracking;

[0089] The azimuth sensor detects the azimuth of the solar collector and compares it with the preset solar azimuth. If there is a deviation, the control unit receives the signal of the azimuth sensor, starts the horizontal rotation drive motor 5, drives the rotating platform 2 to rotate in the horizontal direction, and adjusts the azimuth of the solar collector until it is aligned with the sun. Every night when the solar irradiance is lower than the working illumination, the azimuth sensor will automatically search for the sun to ensure that it is automatically aligned with the sun the next morning.

[0090] S4. Altitude angle tracking;

[0091] The altitude angle sensor detects the altitude angle of the solar energy collector and compares it with the preset solar altitude angle; if there is a deviation, the control unit receives the signal of the altitude angle sensor, starts the pitch rotation drive motor 6, drives the rotating platform 2 to rotate in the pitch direction, and adjusts the altitude angle of the solar energy collector until it is aligned with the sun; as the sun moves from east to west, the altitude angle sensor will continuously detect and adjust the altitude angle of the solar energy collector to ensure that it is always aligned with the sun;

[0092] S5. Solar beam introduction;

[0093] The solar beam is guided into the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 by a fourth plane reflector installed between the automatic sun tracking device and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3; from the perspective of the light trajectory, the direct sunlight first enters the first reflector 401 connected to the pitch drive motor, and reaches the second reflector 402 after reflection; most of the light is reflected downward by the second reflector 402, and enters the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 at a suitable angle after being reflected by the fourth reflector; and a small part of the light reflected by the first reflector 401 passes through the small hole on the second reflector 402 and enters the third reflector, and is then reflected to the photoelectric detector 7 for detecting the incident angle of the sunlight;

[0094] S6. Data collection and processing;

[0095] The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 continuously and automatically records the solar absorption spectrum and transmits the data to the industrial control data processing system; the industrial control data processing system processes the collected high-resolution solar absorption spectrum and calculates the column concentration and vertical profile of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere through a specific algorithm; at the same time, the micro-weather station 14 provides real-time meteorological information for auxiliary data analysis and correction;

[0096] S7. Data transmission and verification;

[0097] The calculated column concentration and vertical profile data of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere are transmitted to the data processing center through the wireless transmission antenna 10; the ground-based remote sensing data are compared and verified with the satellite remote sensing observation method to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data;

[0098] S8. Real-time adjustment and feedback;

[0099] During the entire tracking process, the system performs real-time feedback adjustment to eliminate mechanical errors and installation errors to ensure tracking accuracy; in complex weather conditions such as rainy days and cloudy days, the system performs software correction based on the signal changes of the photodiode to ensure the continuity and stability of tracking; since the light beam passing through the small hole of the second reflector 402 and the light beam before being reflected by the second reflector 402 are coaxial, the horizontal and pitch rotation of the driving motor can keep the position of the sun on the detector constant, realize real-time tracking of the sun, and ensure that the incident angle of the direct sunlight beam reaching the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 remains basically unchanged.

[0100] From the perspective of the light trajectory, the direct sunlight is incident on the first reflector 401 connected to the pitch drive motor, and reaches the second reflector 402 after reflection; most of the light is reflected downward by the second reflector 402 through the annular rotating platform 2, and is incident on the fourth reflector, and after another reflection, the sunlight beam enters the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 at a suitable angle to complete the interference pattern data collection; a small part of the light reflected by the first reflector 401 passes through the small hole set on the second reflector 402 and is incident on the third reflector, and then is reflected to the photosensitive surface of the photodetector 7, completing the accurate positioning of the incident angle of the direct sunlight. When the position of the sun changes, the incident angle of the sunlight incident on the first reflector 401 changes, and reaches the photodetector 7 and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 through the same light trajectory as above. At this time, the photodetector 7 obtains the incident angle of the sunlight and calculates the offset. The motor controller drives the horizontal rotation motor and the pitch rotation motor to rotate the corresponding compensation amount according to the offset, so that the sun position sensed on the photodetector 7 does not change. Because the light beam passing through the small hole on the second reflector 402 is coaxial with the light beam before being reflected by the second reflector 402, the position of the sun on the detector is controlled to remain constant by driving the motor to rotate horizontally and in elevation, thereby completing real-time sun tracking, thereby ensuring that the incident angle of the direct sunlight beam reaching the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer 3 remains basically unchanged.

[0101] The present invention can monitor greenhouse gases in real time with high precision and high sensitivity, which is conducive to better understanding and analyzing their impact on global warming and climate change. It can promote the development of ecological environment technology and the updating and iteration of domestic instruments by using scientific and technological innovation, and promote the independent development of related technologies for ecological environment monitoring in my country, with broad application prospects.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar automatic tracking device for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns, characterized in that: It includes: Station building, with skylight on top; Installed in the station building: Fixed platform; The rotating platform is installed on the fixed platform and can rotate horizontally and in elevation to adjust the angle of the reflector to track the sun; The first reflector is fixed on the pitch rotation drive motor to directly receive direct sunlight; Its reflective surface faces upwards and is used to reflect sunlight to the second reflector; A support frame, arranged on the rotating platform, for supporting the first reflector and the second reflector; The first reflector is mounted on the lower part of the support frame, and the second reflector is mounted on the top of the support frame; The second reflector has a reflective surface facing downward and receives the sunlight reflected by the first reflector. A small through hole is provided on the second reflector to allow a portion of the light to pass through and be incident on the third reflector. A third reflector receives the light reflected by the first reflector and passing through the small hole on the second reflector, and reflects it to the photodetector; a fourth reflector, receiving most of the sunlight reflected by the second reflector; A horizontal rotation drive motor drives the rotating platform to rotate horizontally to adjust the horizontal angle of the reflector system; The pitch rotation driving motor drives the first reflector to pitch and rotate so as to adjust the pitch angle of the reflector system; The motor controller is connected to the control ends of the horizontal rotation motor and the pitch rotation motor through control lines, and drives the motor to rotate a corresponding compensation amount according to the incident angle and offset of the sunlight obtained by the photoelectric detector, so as to achieve real-time tracking of the sun; A photoelectric detector is installed in a dark box on the upper part of the second reflector, receives the sunlight reflected by the third reflector, and is used to detect the incident angle of the sunlight and calculate the offset; Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, which receives direct sunlight from an automatic sun-tracking device, analyzes the solar absorption spectrum, and determines the column concentrations of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere; A wireless transmission antenna wirelessly transmits the collected data to a data processing center; Micro weather station, providing real-time weather information and assisting data analysis and correction; The industrial control data processing system processes the collected solar absorption spectrum and calculates the column concentration and vertical profile of greenhouse gases CO and CH; The power supply system, including a switchable solar power source and a DC regulated power source powered by the mains, provides power support for each component of the device; The first reflector is connected to the rotating platform via a pitch rotation driving motor to achieve adjustment of the pitch angle; The second reflector and the third reflector are connected to the rotating platform through a support frame to ensure that they can rotate with the rotation of the rotating platform; The photoelectric detector is connected to the second reflector through a dark box to receive the light reflected by the third reflector; The control ends of the horizontal rotation drive motor and the pitch rotation drive motor are connected to the motor controller through control lines to achieve precise control of the motors; The fourth reflector is connected to the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to guide the reflected sunlight into the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for data collection; The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is connected to the industrial control data processing system through circuits or wirelessly to transmit solar absorption spectrum data; the wireless transmission antenna is connected to the data processing center through wirelessly; the micro-meteorological station is connected to the industrial control data processing system through circuits or wirelessly to transmit meteorological information.

2. A solar automatic tracking method for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns, characterized in that: The method uses the solar automatic tracking device for detecting the concentration of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane columns as described in claim 1, and is carried out according to the following steps: S1. Initialization settings; Open the skylight of the station building to allow sunlight to enter the station building through the skylight; Connect the power system to ensure that the device has sufficient power supply; Start the industrial control data processing system and initialize the system parameters, including the sensitivity settings of the photodiode, azimuth sensor, altitude sensor, and the control parameters of the drive motor; S2. Sun position detection; Use photoelectric detectors to detect the direction of sunlight; when sunlight shines in a direction perpendicular to the sensor base, no signal is output; when sunlight deviates from the vertical direction, a deviation signal is generated, which is amplified and sent to the control unit; S3. Azimuth tracking; The azimuth sensor detects the azimuth of the solar collector and compares it with the preset solar azimuth. If there is a deviation, the control unit receives the signal from the azimuth sensor, starts the horizontal rotation drive motor, drives the rotating platform to rotate in the horizontal direction, and adjusts the azimuth of the solar collector until it is aligned with the sun. Every night when the solar irradiance is lower than the working illumination, the azimuth sensor will automatically search for the sun to ensure that it is automatically aligned with the sun the next morning. S4. Altitude angle tracking; The altitude angle sensor detects the altitude angle of the solar energy collector and compares it with the preset solar altitude angle; If there is a deviation, the control unit receives the signal from the altitude angle sensor, starts the pitch rotation drive motor, drives the rotating platform to rotate in the pitch direction, and adjusts the altitude angle of the solar energy collector until it is aligned with the sun; as the sun moves from east to west, the altitude angle sensor will continuously detect and adjust the altitude angle of the solar energy collector to ensure that it is always aligned with the sun; S5. Solar beam introduction; The solar beam is guided into the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer through a fourth plane reflector installed between the automatic sun tracking device and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer; from the perspective of the light trajectory, the direct sunlight first enters the first reflector connected to the pitch drive motor, and then reaches the second reflector after reflection; Most of the light is reflected downward by the second reflector, and after being reflected by the fourth reflector, it enters the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer at a suitable angle; A small portion of the light reflected by the first reflector passes through the small hole on the second reflector and is incident on the third reflector, and then is reflected to the photoelectric detector for detecting the incident angle of sunlight; S6. Data collection and processing; The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer continuously and automatically records the solar absorption spectrum and transmits the data to the industrial control data processing system; the industrial control data processing system processes the collected high-resolution solar absorption spectrum and calculates the column concentration and vertical profile of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere through a specific algorithm; at the same time, the micro-weather station provides real-time meteorological information to assist data analysis and correction; S7. Data transmission and verification; The calculated column concentration and vertical profile data of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere are transmitted to the data processing center through wireless transmission antennas; Use ground-based remote sensing data to compare and verify with satellite remote sensing observation methods to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data; S8. Real-time adjustment and feedback; During the entire tracking process, the system performs real-time feedback adjustments to eliminate mechanical errors and installation errors to ensure tracking accuracy. In complex weather conditions such as rainy days and cloudy days, the system performs software corrections based on the signal changes of the photodiode to ensure the continuity and stability of tracking. Since the light beam passing through the small hole of the second reflector and the light beam before reflection by the second reflector are coaxial, the horizontal and pitch rotation of the driving motor can keep the position of the sun on the detector constant, realize real-time tracking of the sun, and ensure that the incident angle of the direct sunlight beam reaching the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer remains basically unchanged.

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