Gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data center and control method of gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center and a control method thereof, and the system comprises an energy storage subsystem which comprises a gaseous carbon dioxide management unit, an energy storage assembly, a liquid storage unit and an energy release assembly which are sequentially connected in a closed loop manner; the energy release assembly comprises an evaporator; a heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is connected with a heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator, and a heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is connected with a heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator; the heat balance assembly comprises a high-temperature transmission pipeline and a low-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat balance assembly is used for supplementing a high-temperature heat exchange medium to a heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or supplementing a low-temperature heat exchange medium to a heat exchange medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline under the operation working condition of the system when the heat dissipating capacity of the data center is inconsistent with the heat supply capacity needed by the evaporator. The embodiment of the invention can realize comprehensive utilization of energy and reduce the investment and operation cost of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage and power generation, and in particular to a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As computing power grows, data centers have gradually become "big energy consumers". On the one hand, data centers have a continuous and stable power demand; on the other hand, data centers also have huge heat dissipation needs due to chip heat dissipation. Although the use of green power sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation can reduce electricity costs, the power generation time of these two green power sources is greatly affected by environmental factors and the power generation time is unstable. They cannot provide stable power for data centers, and they still need to use city electricity when there is no wind and solar energy. The reduction in electricity costs is not significant. In addition, in order to meet the huge heat dissipation needs of data centers, the cooling equipment for heat dissipation in data centers also consumes a lot of electricity, and the construction investment cost of the cooling equipment itself is also high. At present, there is no relatively complete gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system developed for data centers. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, in order to solve the problem of large power supply and heat dissipation requirements of data centers in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers and a control method thereof, which can achieve comprehensive utilization of energy, reduce system investment and operating costs, and at the same time meet the heating needs of the evaporator and the heat dissipation needs of the data center, and can cope with a variety of working conditions.

[0004] One embodiment of the present invention provides a gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center, comprising: an energy storage subsystem, the energy storage subsystem comprising a gaseous carbon dioxide management unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit and an energy release component which are sequentially connected in a closed loop; the energy storage component comprising a condenser, the energy storage component being used to compress the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and condense it into liquid carbon dioxide through the condenser and then store it in the liquid storage unit; the energy release component comprising an evaporator, the energy release component being used to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide output by the liquid storage unit into gaseous carbon dioxide through the evaporator, and expand the gaseous carbon dioxide to do work and then store it in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; a data center, the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator The heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator; and a heat balance component, including a high-temperature transmission pipeline and a low-temperature transmission pipeline, the high-temperature transmission pipeline is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator, and the low-temperature transmission pipeline is connected between the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator; the heat balance component is used to supplement the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or to supplement the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline under the operating conditions of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for the data center and when the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the required heating amount of the evaporator.

[0005] In some embodiments, the operating conditions include a first operating condition, under which the heat dissipation of the data center is less than the heat supply required by the evaporator; the heat balance component includes a heat pump unit; the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator is also connected to the heat pump unit through the high-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator is also connected to the heat pump unit through the low-temperature transmission pipeline; under the first operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator to the low-temperature transmission pipeline is heated by the heat pump unit, and then flows into the evaporator together with the heat exchange medium output from the data center through the high-temperature transmission pipeline.

[0006] In some embodiments, the heat balance assembly further includes a heat exchange medium storage assembly, and the heat exchange medium storage assembly includes a high temperature medium storage unit disposed on the high temperature transmission pipeline and a low temperature medium storage unit disposed on the low temperature transmission pipeline.

[0007] In some embodiments, the heat exchange medium inlet of the condenser is connected to the cold side outlet of the heat pump unit, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the condenser is connected to the cold side inlet of the heat pump unit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger, the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center, and the data center heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump unit; the data center heat exchanger is used to use the cooling capacity provided by the heat pump unit to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center when the energy storage subsystem is shut down.

[0009] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center; the first chiller is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger and the condenser; the data center heat exchanger is used to use the cooling provided by the first chiller to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; and the condenser is used to use the cooling provided by the first chiller to condense carbon dioxide under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage.

[0010] In some embodiments, the operating condition includes a second operating condition, under which the heat dissipation of the data center is greater than the heat supply required by the evaporator; the heat balance component includes a cooling component, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is also connected to the cooling component through the high-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is also connected to the cooling component through the low-temperature transmission pipeline; under the second operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the data center to the high-temperature transmission pipeline is cooled by the cooling component, and then flows into the data center together with the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator through the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

[0011] In some embodiments, the cooling assembly includes a first cooling tower, a first heat exchanger, a second chiller and a second cooling tower; the first heat exchanger is connected between the first cooling tower and the low-temperature transmission pipeline; the second chiller is respectively connected to the first heat exchanger and the second cooling tower; the second chiller is used to provide cooling for the first heat exchanger, and the second cooling tower is used to dissipate heat for the second chiller.

[0012] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center; the first chiller is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger and the condenser; under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the heat exchange medium output from the data center is divided into two paths, one path enters the cooling component to cool down using the cold provided by the second chiller, and the other path enters the data center heat exchanger to cool down using the cold provided by the first chiller; the condenser is used to condense carbon dioxide using the cold provided by the first chiller under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage.

[0013] In some embodiments, it also includes a branch pipeline; the energy storage component includes a compression energy storage part, and the compression energy storage part is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and the condenser; the energy release component includes an expansion energy release part, and the expansion energy release part is connected between the evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the compressor of the compression energy storage part, and the outlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part, and a working fluid flow regulating valve is arranged on the branch pipeline.

[0014] In some embodiments, the compressed energy storage unit includes multiple stages of compressors, and the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the last stage compressor among the multiple stages of compressors.

[0015] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a control method for the aforementioned gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center. The gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center includes an operating condition, and the control method includes: under the operating condition, when the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator, the heat balance component supplements the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator with high-temperature heat exchange medium through the high-temperature transmission pipeline, or supplements the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center with low-temperature heat exchange medium through the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

[0016] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the control method includes: under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the condenser uses the cold provided by the first chiller to condense carbon dioxide; under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the data center heat exchanger uses the cold provided by the first chiller to cool down the heat exchange medium output from the data center.

[0017] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers also includes a branch pipeline; the energy storage component includes a compression energy storage part, which is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and the condenser; the energy release component includes an expansion energy release part, which is connected between the evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the compressor of the compression energy storage part, and the outlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part, and a working fluid flow regulating valve is arranged on the branch pipeline; the control method includes: under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage, opening the working fluid flow regulating valve so that a part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor of the compression energy storage part enters the condenser for condensation, and the other part is input from the branch pipeline to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part to expand and perform work.

[0018] In some embodiments, the control method further includes: in the energy storage stage, adjusting the working fluid flow regulating valve so that the mass flow of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline satisfies the following relationship:

[0019] Wherein, m is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline, The power generation of the expander of the expansion energy release unit; is the inlet and outlet enthalpy difference of the expander.

[0020] As can be seen from the above, the above embodiments of the present invention can achieve one or more of the following beneficial effects: coupling the evaporator in the energy storage subsystem with the data center can simultaneously supply heat to the evaporator and dissipate heat to the data center through the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the data center and the evaporator, which can reduce the construction investment cost of the heating facilities of the evaporator and the cooling facilities of the data center, and achieve full utilization of energy. Configuring a heat balance component can ensure the stable operation of the energy comprehensive utilization system in the scenario where the required heat supply of the evaporator is inconsistent with the heat dissipation of the data center. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The specific implementation modes of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the energy storage subsystem in a specific embodiment of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The structure diagram of a specific embodiment of a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center is shown.

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The structure diagram of another specific embodiment of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers is shown.

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the energy storage subsystem in another specific embodiment of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers.

[0027] [Description of Reference Numerals] 10. Energy storage subsystem; 11. Gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; 12. Energy storage component; 121. Compression energy storage unit; 1211. Compressor; 1212. First heat storage unit; 123. Condenser; 1231. Working medium inlet of condenser 123; 1232. Working medium outlet of condenser 123; 1233. Heat exchange medium inlet of condenser 123; 1234. Heat exchange medium outlet of condenser 123; 13. Liquid storage unit; 14. Energy release component; 141. Evaporator; 1411. Heat exchange medium inlet of evaporator 141; 1412. Heat exchange medium outlet of evaporator 141; 1413. Working medium inlet of evaporator 141; 1414. Working medium outlet of evaporator 141; 143. Expansion energy release unit; 1431. Second heat storage unit; 1432. Expander; 20. Data center; 201. Heat exchange medium inlet of data center 20; 202. Heat exchange medium outlet of data center 20; 21. Cabinet; 30. Heat balance assembly; 31. High temperature transmission pipeline; 32. Low temperature transmission pipeline; 33. Heat pump unit; 331. Hot side inlet of heat pump unit 33; 332. Hot side outlet of heat pump unit 33; 333. Cold side inlet of heat pump unit 33; 334. Cold side outlet of heat pump unit 33; 34. Heat exchange medium storage assembly; 341. High temperature medium storage unit; 342. Low temperature medium storage unit; 35. Cooling assembly; 351. First cooling tower; 352. First heat exchanger; 3521. First heat exchanger 3522, the first medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 352; 3523, the second medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 352; 3524, the second medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 352; 353, the second chiller; 3531, the cold side inlet of the second chiller 353; 3532, the cold side outlet of the second chiller 353; 3533, the hot side inlet of the second chiller 353; 3534, the hot side outlet of the second chiller 353; 354, the second cooling tower; 41. First chiller; 411. Cold side inlet of first chiller 41; 412. Cold side outlet of first chiller 41; 413. Hot side inlet of first chiller 41; 414. Hot side outlet of first chiller 41; 42. Third cooling tower; 50. Data center heat exchanger; 501. first medium inlet of data center heat exchanger 50; 502. first medium outlet of data center heat exchanger 50; 503. second medium inlet of data center heat exchanger 50; 504. second medium outlet of data center heat exchanger 50; 61. Branch pipeline; 62. Working fluid flow regulating valve; 70. Water replenishment device; 81, first valve; 82, second valve; 83, third valve; 84, fourth valve; 85, fifth valve; 86, sixth valve; 87, seventh valve; 88, eighth valve; 89, ninth valve; 91. The first pump; 92. The second pump; 93. The third pump; 94. The fourth pump; 95. The fifth pump; 96. The sixth pump; 97. The seventh pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0031] It should also be noted that the division of multiple embodiments in the present invention is only for the convenience of description and should not constitute a special limitation. The features in various embodiments can be combined and referenced to each other without contradiction.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system (referred to as energy comprehensive utilization system) suitable for a data center, which includes an energy storage subsystem 10, a data center 20 and a heat balance component 30. Figure 2 The energy storage subsystem 10 includes a gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11, an energy storage component 12, a liquid storage unit 13 and an energy release component 14 which are connected in a closed loop in sequence. The energy storage component 12 includes a condenser 123, and the energy storage component 12 is used to compress the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 and condense it into liquid carbon dioxide through the condenser 123, and then store it in the liquid storage unit 13. The energy release component 14 includes an evaporator 141, and the energy release component 14 is used to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide output by the liquid storage unit 13 into gaseous carbon dioxide through the evaporator 141, and expand the gaseous carbon dioxide to do work, and then store it in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11.

[0033] The heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 , and the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 .

[0034] The heat balance component 30 includes a high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 and a low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. The high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 connects the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141, and the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 connects the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141.

[0035] Among them, the heat balance component 30 is used to supplement the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 or to supplement the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 when the energy comprehensive utilization system is in operation and the heat dissipation of the data center 20 is inconsistent with the required heating amount of the evaporator 141.

[0036] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a control method for the aforementioned gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center. Specifically, the control method includes: under operating conditions, when the heat dissipation of the data center 20 is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator 141, the heat balance component 30 replenishes the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31, or replenishes the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32.

[0037] Specifically, the energy storage subsystem 10 is a gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy storage system. It uses carbon dioxide as a working fluid, including an energy storage stage and an energy release stage. In the energy storage stage, the gaseous carbon dioxide at room temperature and pressure is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide and heat exchange is performed. After the heat exchange, the heat is stored, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into a low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide. The low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide is then condensed into a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, and the energy is stored in the liquid carbon dioxide in the form of compression energy. After the energy storage stage, the energy is stored in the form of heat energy and compression energy. In the energy release stage, the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is converted into a low-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide after heating, and after absorbing the stored heat, it is heated to a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide, and then expands to generate electricity, and finally converted into a gaseous carbon dioxide at room temperature and pressure. According to the above-mentioned gas-liquid phase change process, the energy storage subsystem 10 can enter the energy storage stage to store energy during the power off-peak period, and enter the energy release stage to generate electricity for users during the peak power consumption period or other times when electricity is needed. Among them, high temperature and low temperature are in a relative relationship, meaning that the temperature of high temperature is higher than the height of low temperature, and high pressure and low pressure are in a relative relationship, meaning that high pressure is higher than low pressure.

[0038] Among them, the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 can also be called a gas warehouse or a gas storage, which is used to store gaseous carbon dioxide. In some possible implementations, the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 adopts an air-film building, whose volume can change. When carbon dioxide is filled in, the volume increases, and when carbon dioxide flows out, the volume decreases, so as to achieve constant pressure in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11. The air-film building can be a double-layer membrane structure, including a ground membrane, an inner membrane and an outer membrane; the outer membrane is used to resist wind and snow, and an interlayer cavity is provided between the inner membrane and the outer membrane. The gas in the interlayer cavity props the outer membrane up to maintain the shape and is not easy to collapse. The inner membrane and the ground membrane form a containing cavity for storing gaseous carbon dioxide, and the internal pressure and temperature can be maintained within a certain range to meet the energy storage requirements. Exemplarily, the pressure of the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 can be close to the ambient pressure, that is, the surrounding atmospheric pressure. In some embodiments, the temperature in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 is in the range of -40°C to 70°C. For example, -40°C, 0°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, etc. can be selected, and the pressure difference between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 and the external atmosphere is less than 1000Pa.

[0039] Specifically, in addition to the condenser 123, the energy storage assembly 12 also includes a compression energy storage unit 121, which is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 and the condenser 123. More specifically, the compression energy storage unit 121 includes a compressor 1211 and a first heat storage unit 1212. The compressor 1211 compresses the gaseous carbon dioxide, and the first heat storage unit 1212 exchanges heat with the compressed gaseous carbon dioxide to store heat.

[0040] Among them, the main shaft of the compressor 1211 is connected to the motor, and the motor connected to the compressor 1211 is connected to the municipal power grid, for example, and the compressor 1211 is driven to work by the municipal power supply when the electricity price is low; or the motor connected to the compressor 1211 is connected to the power output end of the green energy power generation system such as the solar power generation system and the wind power generation system, and the green energy power generation system generates electricity to drive the compressor 1211 to work. Among them, the compressor 1211 can be multi-stage series. The outlet of each stage of the compressor 1211 is connected to a first heat storage unit 1212. The first heat storage unit 1212 can be a heat exchanger, specifically a partition heat exchanger, and specifically a plate heat exchanger, a tube heat exchanger, etc. can be used. The first heat storage unit 1212 can use water, heat transfer oil, molten salt and other heat exchange media to exchange heat with the compressed gaseous carbon dioxide to absorb heat and store it. The condenser 123 can use a shell and tube condenser or a sleeve condenser, etc.

[0041] The liquid storage unit 13 may be a stainless steel storage tank for storing low-temperature and high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide after condensation by the condenser 123. Of course, the carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 may also exist in the form of a gas-liquid mixture. For example, the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 is between 2MPa and 10MPa. For example, 2MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa, 7MPa, 7.2MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 10MPa, etc. may be selected.

[0042] Optionally, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 may not exceed 50° C., in particular, not exceed 30° C., for example, between 20° C. and 30° C. Exemplarily, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide is between 20° C. and 30° C. when it flows into the liquid storage unit 13, so that the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 does not exceed 30° C.

[0043] For example, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 is between 20°C and 30°C, and the pressure is between 7MPa and 7.5MPa. In this way, the potential safety hazard caused by the accidental increase of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 13 and the increase of the pressure can be avoided, making the energy storage subsystem more suitable for deployment in densely populated places such as residential areas, schools, hospitals, stations, and commercial centers.

[0044] The working medium inlet 1413 of the evaporator 141 is connected to the liquid storage unit 13. In addition to the evaporator 141, the energy release component 14 also includes an expansion energy release unit 143, and the expansion energy release unit 143 is connected between the evaporator 141 and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11. Specifically, the expansion energy release unit 143 includes a second heat storage unit 1431 and an expander 1432. The second heat storage unit 1431 is connected to the working medium outlet 1414 of the evaporator 141. The second heat storage unit 1431 can be set as a plate heat exchanger, a tube heat exchanger or other heat exchangers with reference to the first heat storage unit 1212. It can use the same heat exchange medium as the first heat storage unit 1212 to heat the evaporated gaseous carbon dioxide to achieve the temperature increase of the carbon dioxide. The heat exchange medium side of the second heat storage unit 1431 and the first heat storage unit 1212 can be connected in a closed loop and a corresponding heat exchange medium storage tank can be set, so that the heat exchange medium absorbs and stores heat through the first heat storage unit 1212 in the energy storage stage, and uses the heat absorbed by the first heat storage unit 1212 in the energy release stage to heat the carbon dioxide in the second heat storage unit 1431. The main shaft of the expander 1432 is connected to the generator. The heated gaseous carbon dioxide enters the expander 1432 to expand and do work to drive the generator to generate electricity, and after the work is completed, it enters the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 for storage. The generator connected to the expander 1432 is connected to the user to supply power to the user. In an embodiment of the present invention, the user is the data center 20, and the generator connected to the expander 1432 is connected to the power input terminal of the data center 20 to supply power to the data center 20.

[0045] The data center 20 is a facility used to realize centralized processing, storage, transmission, exchange, and management of data information. The data center 20 may include servers, storage devices, switches, and other equipment. The power input terminal of the data center 20 may be connected to a generator connected to the expander 1432, and the energy storage subsystem 10 generates electricity as the main power source for the data center 20. The power input terminal of the data center 20 may also be connected to the municipal power grid, using the municipal power as a backup power source to ensure the power demand of the data center 20 during the shutdown of the energy storage subsystem 10. The data center 20 includes a plurality of cabinets 21 (see Figure 3 or Figure 4 ), each cabinet 21 will generate a large amount of heat when working, and there is a high demand for heat dissipation. In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141, and the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141. The heat exchange medium can circulate between the data center 20 and the evaporator 141. Specifically, the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator 141 is transported to the data center 20 by the first pump 91, so that the heat exchange medium absorbs the heat generated by the data center 20 when flowing through the data center 20 to achieve heat dissipation for the data center 20. After absorbing the heat, the heat exchange medium enters the evaporator 141 again to provide heat for the carbon dioxide flowing through the evaporator 141 to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide. After providing heat to the carbon dioxide, the heat exchange medium cools down and is input into the data center 20 again to absorb the heat emitted by the data center 20. In this cycle, both the evaporator 141 and the data center 20 can be heated. In a traditional carbon dioxide energy storage system, the evaporator 141 needs to be equipped with a heat source device to achieve the evaporation of carbon dioxide, and a traditional data center also needs to be equipped with a cold source to achieve heat dissipation. Therefore, the setting of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention can fully utilize energy and reduce the investment and operation costs of the heat source equipment and supporting facilities and pipelines for the evaporator 141 and the cold source equipment and supporting facilities and pipelines for the data center 20.

[0046] The operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system provided in the embodiment of the present invention include the operating conditions of the data center 20 and the operating conditions of the energy storage subsystem 10. The operating conditions of the energy storage subsystem 10 include an energy storage stage and an energy release stage. The data center 20 operates 24 hours a day, and the energy release stage in the energy storage subsystem 10 also operates 24 hours a day. The energy storage stage can be specifically set according to the peak and valley electricity price rules of the location of the energy comprehensive utilization system and the power generation duration of green energy power generation systems such as wind power and solar power generation. Setting the duration of the energy release stage of the energy storage subsystem 10 to be consistent with the operating duration of the data center 20 can ensure that the evaporator 141 and the data center 20 maintain mutual circulation and heat exchange under the operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system, ensure full utilization of energy, and ensure continuous heat dissipation and stable power supply of the data center 20.

[0047] In the heat balance component 30, the high temperature transmission pipeline 31 and the low temperature transmission pipeline 32 are in a relative relationship, indicating that the temperature of the heat exchange medium flowing through the high temperature transmission pipeline 31 is higher than that of the heat exchange medium flowing through the low temperature transmission pipeline 32. The operating principle of the energy comprehensive utilization system provided by the embodiment of the present invention and the principle of the aforementioned control method are as follows: Considering that the heat dissipation of the data center 20 may not match the required heat supply of the evaporator 141, for example, the required heat supply of the evaporator 141 may be greater than the heat dissipation of the data center 20, then under the operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system, the heat balance component 30 supplements the high temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 through the high temperature transmission pipeline 31 to ensure the heat supply of the evaporator 141. Or the heat dissipation of the data center 20 may exceed the required heat supply of the evaporator 141, then under the operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system, the heat balance component 30 supplements the low temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 through the low temperature transmission pipeline 32 to ensure the normal heat dissipation of the data center 20. Here, the high-temperature heat exchange medium and the low-temperature heat exchange medium are in a relative relationship, meaning that the high-temperature heat exchange medium is higher in temperature than the low-temperature heat exchange medium. Since the heat balance component 30 only needs to supplement the heat difference between the data center 20 and the evaporator 141, which is much smaller than the total heat dissipation of the data center 20 and the total required heat supply of the evaporator 141, although the heat balance component 30 is added in this embodiment, the investment and operating costs are still greatly reduced compared to the traditional data center cold source equipment and the traditional evaporator heat source equipment.

[0048] Specifically, the operating conditions of the comprehensive energy utilization system can be divided into a first operating condition and a second operating condition, and the heat balance component 30 and corresponding facilities and pipelines can be set respectively for the first operating condition and the second operating condition.

[0049] In the first operating condition, the heat dissipation of the data center 20 is less than the heat supply required by the evaporator 141. Figure 3The structure of the energy comprehensive utilization system shown can be adapted to the first operating condition. Among them, the heat balance component 30 includes a heat pump unit 33. The heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 is also connected to the heat pump unit 33 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31. The heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 is also connected to the heat pump unit 33 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. Under the first operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator 141 to the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is heated by the heat pump unit 33, and then flows into the evaporator 141 together with the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31.

[0050] Specifically, the heat pump unit 33 is a device that can transfer heat from a low-grade heat source to a high-grade heat source. Its working principle is to achieve heat transfer through the phase change of the refrigerant in the system based on the reverse Carnot cycle. Specifically, the hot side inlet 331 of the heat pump unit 33 and the hot side outlet 332 of the heat pump unit 33 correspond to the inlet and outlet of the high-grade heat source, respectively. The input end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected to the hot side outlet 332 of the heat pump unit 33, and the output end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 (it can be connected to the connecting pipeline between the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 and the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20). The input end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 (can be connected to the connecting pipeline between the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20), and the output end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected to the hot side inlet 331 of the heat pump unit 33.

[0051] In this way, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: under the first operating condition, the heat pump unit 33 receives part of the heat exchange medium output by the evaporator 141 via the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32, and heats the received heat exchange medium and outputs it to the evaporator 141 via the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31.

[0052] Through the above-mentioned setting and control method, part of the heat exchange medium can be circulated and heated through the heat pump unit 33 to continuously replenish the evaporator 141 with high-temperature heat exchange medium, thereby ensuring that the normal heating demand of the evaporator 141 is met.

[0053] In some embodiments, the heat balance component 30 further includes a heat exchange medium storage component 34, which includes a high temperature medium storage unit 341 disposed on the high temperature transmission pipeline 31 and a low temperature medium storage unit 342 disposed on the low temperature transmission pipeline 32. The high temperature medium storage unit 341 and the low temperature medium storage unit 342 are containers with storage functions, which may be boxes, tanks, etc. The high temperature medium storage unit 341 and the low temperature medium storage unit 342 may be independent containers, or the heat exchange medium storage component 34 may use a thermocline water tank, which may use the different densities of water at different temperatures to make hot water (i.e., high temperature heat exchange medium) naturally float on the upper layer, and cold water (i.e., low temperature heat exchange medium) sink on the lower layer, forming a temperature transition zone (i.e., thermocline layer) between the cold water and the hot water. The hot water area on the upper layer of the thermocline water tank forms the high temperature medium storage unit 341, and the cold water area on the lower layer forms the low temperature medium storage unit 342.

[0054] The heat exchange medium storage component 34 uses a temperature-slope layer water tank to simultaneously store high-temperature heat exchange medium and low-temperature heat exchange medium, which can reduce the number of equipment and floor space, and can quickly respond to changes in cold and hot loads, thereby improving the flexibility and adaptability of the heat balance component 30.

[0055] The high-temperature medium storage unit 341 is used to store the high-temperature heat exchange medium output by the heat pump unit 33, and the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 is used to store the low-temperature heat exchange medium output to the heat pump unit 33 via the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. By setting the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 and the low-temperature medium storage unit 342, the heat pump unit 33 does not need to start and stop synchronously with the evaporator 141 and the data center 20, and the working time of the heat pump unit 33 can be adjusted according to actual needs. And the setting of the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 and the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 makes it easy to adjust the flow rate and replenishment period of the heat exchange medium supplemented to the evaporator 141 by the heat balance component 30.

[0056] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 A seventh pump 97 is also provided on the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31, and the inlet of the seventh pump 97 is connected to the high-temperature medium storage unit 341. Under the first operating condition, the seventh pump 97 can provide power for the heat exchange medium stored in the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 to transport the heat exchange medium to the evaporator 141 to supplement the evaporator 141 with high-temperature heat exchange medium.

[0057] In some embodiments, a first valve 81 is provided on the high-temperature medium storage unit 341. The first valve 81 is, for example, a flow regulating valve with adjustable opening. The amount of heat exchange medium added to the evaporator 141 can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the first valve 81 to match the required heat supply of the evaporator 141 with the heat dissipation of the data center 20. Specifically, a temperature detection device and a flow detection device can be provided at the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141 to detect the temperature and flow of the heat exchange medium input to the evaporator 141, and the opening of the first valve 81 is adjusted according to the temperature detection result and the required heat supply of the evaporator 141. For example, if the load reduction operation of the data center 20 leads to a decrease in the heat dissipation of the data center 20, the opening of the first valve 81 needs to be increased to add more high-temperature heat exchange medium. For example, when the data center 20 is running at full load and high power, resulting in an increase in the heat dissipation of the data center 20, the opening of the first valve 81 needs to be reduced or even closed to ensure that the heat of the heat exchange medium output to the evaporator 141 through the data center 20 and the heat balance component 30 just meets the heat demand of the evaporator 141, thereby ensuring smooth operation of the system.

[0058] In some embodiments, the cold side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33 and the cold side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33 correspond to the inlet and outlet of the low-grade heat source, respectively. Among them, the heat exchange medium inlet 1233 of the condenser 123 is connected to the cold side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33, and the heat exchange medium outlet 1234 of the condenser 123 is connected to the cold side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33. In this way, the heat pump unit 33 can provide a part of the cold source for the condenser 123 during the energy storage stage. Specifically, the gaseous carbon dioxide enters the condenser 123 from the working medium inlet 1231 of the condenser 123, and exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium input from the heat pump unit 33 to the heat exchange medium inlet 1233 of the condenser 123, so that the gaseous carbon dioxide absorbs the cold and condenses into liquid, and then is output from the working medium outlet 1232 of the condenser 123 to the liquid storage unit 13, and the heat exchange medium absorbs the heat of the gaseous carbon dioxide. After being heated, the heat is output from the heat exchange medium outlet 1234 of the condenser 123 and transported to the cold side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33 via the fourth pump 94. The heat pump unit 33 uses the heat of the heat exchange medium input from the cold side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33 to achieve heating. The hot side outlet 332 of the heat pump unit 33 outputs the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 through the second pump 92, and again outputs the cooled heat exchange medium through the cold side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33 to provide cooling for the condenser 123.

[0059] In this way, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: under the first operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the condenser 123 uses the cold energy provided by the heat pump unit 33 to condense carbon dioxide, and the heat pump unit 33 uses the heat absorbed from the condenser 123 for heating.

[0060] Through the above arrangement, the heat pump unit 33 can work in the energy storage stage to circulate cooling for the condenser 123 while providing high-temperature heat exchange medium to the high-temperature medium storage unit 341, thereby achieving full utilization of thermal energy and equipment.

[0061] In some embodiments, the energy comprehensive utilization system further includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem. The energy comprehensive utilization system further includes a data center heat exchanger 50, which is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20, and the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the heat pump unit 33. The data center heat exchanger 50 is used to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 using the cooling capacity provided by the heat pump unit 33 when the energy storage subsystem is shut down.

[0062] Among them, for example, when a device failure occurs in the energy storage subsystem 10 or the energy release component 14 needs to stop working for maintenance due to other reasons, the energy storage subsystem enters the shutdown state. At this time, the evaporator 141 stops working, and there is no need to provide heat for the evaporator 141, so the evaporator 141 cannot dissipate heat for the data center 20. In this embodiment, a data center heat exchanger 50 is provided, wherein the first medium inlet 501 of the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20, and the first medium outlet 502 of the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20, so that the heat exchange medium can circulate between the data center 20 and the data center heat exchanger 50. The second medium inlet 503 of the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the cold side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33, and the second medium outlet 504 of the data center heat exchanger 50 is connected to the cold side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33, so that the heat exchange medium can circulate between the data center heat exchanger 50 and the heat pump unit 33. The heat exchange medium flowing through the data center 20 can exchange heat with the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat pump unit 33 through the data center heat exchanger 50 to dissipate heat from the data center 20 and provide heat for the heat pump unit 33 to produce high-temperature heat exchange medium.

[0063] In this way, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: when the energy storage subsystem is shut down and in the energy storage stage, the data center heat exchanger 50 uses the cold air provided by the heat pump unit 33 to dissipate the heat exchange medium output by the data center 20, and the heat pump unit 33 uses the heat absorbed from the data center heat exchanger 50 for heating.

[0064] According to the above-mentioned configuration, the heat pump unit 33 can be operated when the energy storage subsystem is shut down. The heat pump unit 33 can be used to provide cooling for the data center 20 to dissipate heat, and the high-temperature heat exchange medium produced by the heat pump unit 33 can be used to supplement heat to the evaporator 141 under the first operating condition. This can achieve full utilization of equipment and heat, reduce waste of resources and equipment investment costs, and eliminate the need to set up a backup cold source for the operating condition when the evaporator 141 is shut down. This can adapt to various operating conditions of the energy comprehensive utilization system.

[0065] In some embodiments, the energy comprehensive utilization system includes a data center heat exchanger 50 and a first chiller 41. The data center heat exchanger 50 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20. The first chiller 41 is connected to the data center heat exchanger 50 and the condenser 123, respectively. The data center heat exchanger 50 is used to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 using the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller 41 when the energy storage subsystem is shut down. And the condenser 123 is used to condense carbon dioxide using the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller 41 when in operation and in the energy storage stage.

[0066] Specifically, the first chiller 41 is used to prepare low-temperature heat exchange medium, and can be a screw chiller, a vortex chiller, a centrifugal chiller, etc. Specifically, the cold side inlet 411 of the first chiller 41 is respectively connected to the second medium outlet 504 of the data center heat exchanger 50 and the heat exchange medium outlet 1234 of the condenser 123, and the cold side outlet 412 of the first chiller 41 is respectively connected to the second medium inlet 503 of the data center heat exchanger 50 and the heat exchange medium inlet 1233 of the condenser 123. Corresponding valves can be set respectively, for example Figure 3 The sixth valve 86, the seventh valve 87, the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 shown in the figure can selectively output the heat exchange medium output by the first chiller 41 to the data center heat exchanger 50 or the condenser 123 by controlling the opening or closing state of the corresponding valves. For example, in the energy storage stage, the sixth valve 86 and the seventh valve 87 are closed, and the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 are opened, so that the heat exchange medium output by the first chiller 41 enters the condenser 123 to provide cooling capacity. When the energy storage subsystem is shut down, the evaporator 141 stops working and cannot dissipate heat to the data center 20. At this time, the condenser 123 does not work either. The sixth valve 86 and the seventh valve 87 can be opened, and the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 can be closed. The heat exchange medium output by the first chiller 41 enters the data center heat exchanger 50 to provide cooling capacity for the data center 20.

[0067] In this way, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: under operating conditions and in the energy storage stage, the condenser 123 uses the cold energy provided by the first chiller 41 to condense carbon dioxide; when the energy storage subsystem is shut down, the data center heat exchanger 50 uses the cold energy provided by the first chiller 41 to cool down the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20.

[0068] According to the above-mentioned setting and control method, the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller 41 can not only meet the cooling capacity demand under normal operating conditions, but also ensure the heat dissipation demand of the data center 20 under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, without the need to invest in a backup cold source for the data center 20, which can reduce the investment cost of the equipment. In some embodiments, since the first chiller 41 can be provided with multiple chillers, and a backup chiller is provided for the condenser 123, when the energy release component 14 is shut down for maintenance but the energy storage component 12 is still in normal operation, the sixth valve 86, the seventh valve 87, the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 can also be opened at the same time, and the multiple chillers of the first chiller 41 can provide cooling capacity for the condenser 123 and the data center heat exchanger 50 respectively, which can also achieve the effect of reducing the investment cost of the equipment.

[0069] For example, a third cooling tower 42 is provided to dissipate heat for the first chiller 41 , the input end of the third cooling tower 42 is connected to the hot side outlet 414 of the first chiller 41 , and the output end of the third cooling tower 42 is connected to the hot side inlet 413 of the first chiller 41 through a third pump 93 .

[0070] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown in , the heat pump unit 33 can also be coupled with the first chiller 41, specifically, the cold side inlet 333 of the heat pump unit 33 is connected to the cold side inlet 411 of the first chiller 41, and the cold side outlet 334 of the heat pump unit 33 is connected to the cold side outlet 412 of the first chiller 41. In the energy storage stage, the first chiller 41 and the heat pump unit 33 can jointly provide cooling for the condenser 123, and in the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the first chiller 41 and the heat pump unit 33 can jointly provide cooling for the data center heat exchanger 50. In this way, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: in the first operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the heat pump unit 33 and the first chiller 41 jointly provide cooling for the condenser 123 to condense carbon dioxide, and the heat pump unit 33 uses the heat absorbed from the condenser 123 for heating. When the energy storage subsystem is shut down, the heat pump unit 33 and the first chiller 41 jointly provide cooling for the data center heat exchanger 50 to dissipate heat from the data center 20 , and the heat pump unit 33 uses the heat absorbed from the data center heat exchanger 50 for heating.

[0071] Under the second operating condition, the heat dissipation of the data center 20 is greater than the heat supply required by the evaporator 141 . Figure 4 The structure of the energy comprehensive utilization system shown can be adapted to the second operating condition. Among them, the heat balance component 30 includes a cooling component 35, and the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 is also connected to the cooling component 35 through a high-temperature transmission pipeline 31. The heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 is also connected to the cooling component 35 through a low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. Under the second operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 to the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is cooled by the cooling component 35, and then flows into the data center 20 together with the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator 141 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32.

[0072] The cooling component 35 is used to supplement the cooling capacity. In some embodiments, when the site where the energy comprehensive utilization system is constructed is located near a water source such as a river or lake, a water pump can be used to transport water from the water source to the data center 20 through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 to cool the data center 20 together with the heat exchange medium output by the evaporator 141, which can replace the cooling component 35. Specifically, in this embodiment, the input end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 (which can be connected to the connecting pipeline between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium inlet 1411 of the evaporator 141), and the output end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is connected to the cooling component 35. The input end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 (which can be connected to the pipeline between the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141), and the output end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 is connected to the cooling component 35.

[0073] In this way, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: under the second operating condition, the cooling component 35 receives part of the heat exchange medium output by the data center 20 via the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31, and outputs the received heat exchange medium to the data center 20 via the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 after cooling the received heat exchange medium.

[0074] Through the above arrangement, part of the heat exchange medium can be circulated and cooled through the cooling assembly 35 to continuously replenish the data center 20 with low-temperature heat exchange medium, thereby ensuring that the normal heat dissipation requirements of the data center 20 are met.

[0075] In some specific embodiments, the cooling assembly 35 includes a first cooling tower 351, a first heat exchanger 352, a second chiller 353, and a second cooling tower 354. The first heat exchanger 352 is connected between the first cooling tower 351 and the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. The second chiller 353 is respectively connected to the first heat exchanger 352 and the second cooling tower 354. The second chiller 353 is used to provide cooling for the first heat exchanger 352, and the second cooling tower 354 is used to dissipate heat for the second chiller 353.

[0076] The first cooling tower 351 and the second cooling tower 354 can be counter-flow cooling towers or cross-flow cooling towers, etc. The first heat exchanger 352 can be a partition heat exchanger, and specifically, a plate heat exchanger, a tube heat exchanger, etc. can be used. The second chiller 353 can be a screw chiller, a vortex chiller, a centrifugal chiller, etc. Specifically, the input end of the first cooling tower 351 is connected to the output end of the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31, the output end of the first cooling tower 351 is connected to the first medium inlet 3521 of the first heat exchanger 352, and the first medium outlet 3522 of the first heat exchanger 352 is connected to the input end of the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. And the second medium inlet 3523 of the first heat exchanger 352 is connected to the cold side outlet 3532 of the second chiller 353, and the second medium outlet 3524 of the first heat exchanger 352 is connected to the cold side inlet 3531 of the second chiller 353 through the sixth pump 96. In this way, the heat exchange medium output by the second chiller 353 can be exchanged with the heat exchange medium flowing through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 to cool the heat exchange medium transmitted by the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 for heat dissipation of the data center 20. The input end of the second cooling tower 354 is connected to the hot side outlet 3534 of the second chiller 353, and the output end of the second cooling tower 354 is connected to the hot side inlet 3533 of the second chiller 353 through the fifth pump 95, so that the second chiller 353 can be circulated and cooled. By arranging the first cooling tower 351, the first heat exchanger 352, the second chiller 353 and the second cooling tower 354 in the cooling assembly 35, it can adapt to the scene of no water source around the construction site of the energy comprehensive utilization system, and can realize circulating refrigeration to supplement the cold capacity of the data center 20.

[0077] Reference Figure 4 , and the aforementioned Figure 3Similarly, in this embodiment, a data center heat exchanger 50 and a first chiller 41 can also be set. The data center heat exchanger 50 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 202 of the data center 20 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20. The first chiller 41 is connected to the data center heat exchanger 50 and the condenser 123 respectively. When the energy storage subsystem is shut down, the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 is divided into two paths, one path enters the cooling component 35 to cool down using the cold provided by the second chiller 353, and the other path enters the data center heat exchanger 50 to cool down using the cold provided by the first chiller 41. The condenser 123 is used to condense carbon dioxide using the cold provided by the first chiller 41 when it is in the operating condition and in the energy storage stage. The specific settings and connection methods of the data center heat exchanger 50 and the first chiller 41 can refer to the description in the aforementioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] In this way, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system may include: under the second operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the condenser 123 uses the cold energy provided by the first chiller 41 to condense the carbon dioxide; when the energy storage subsystem is shut down, the data center heat exchanger 50 uses the cold energy provided by the first chiller 41 and the cooling component 35 to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20.

[0079] In this embodiment, the first chiller 41 can provide cooling capacity when the energy storage subsystem is shut down to ensure that the heat dissipation requirements of the data center 20 are met, and can adapt to various working conditions.

[0080] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The energy comprehensive utilization system provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a branch pipeline 61. The inlet end of the branch pipeline 61 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 1211 of the compression energy storage part 121, and the outlet end of the branch pipeline 61 is connected to the inlet of the expander 1432 of the expansion energy release part 143. A working medium flow regulating valve 62 is provided on the branch pipeline 61. By providing the branch pipeline 61, a part of the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide output from the outlet of the compressor 1211 can be condensed into high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide by the condenser 123 after storing heat in the first heat storage unit 1212 to store energy in the form of heat energy and compression energy, and the other part directly enters the expander 1432 through the branch pipeline 61 to expand and generate electricity. Therefore, the control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system provided in this embodiment may include: under operating conditions and in the energy storage stage, opening the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 to allow a part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 of the compression energy storage part 121 to enter the condenser 123 for condensation, and the other part is input from the branch pipe 61 to the inlet of the expander 1432 of the expansion energy release part 143 to expand and perform work.

[0081] Compared with the embodiment without branch pipe 61, in the energy comprehensive utilization system and control method provided in this embodiment, only part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 is stored in the liquid storage unit 13, so the volume required by the liquid storage unit 13 is reduced, which can reduce the construction investment cost of the liquid storage unit 13, and can ensure that part of the carbon dioxide needs to be evaporated through the evaporator 141, and the evaporator 141 can be used to dissipate heat for the data center 20. Compared with the embodiment without branch pipe 61, part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 can directly enter the expander 1432 for expansion and work, which can reduce the energy loss of carbon dioxide flowing through various devices and improve the power generation efficiency. Since the power generation period of green power sources such as wind power and solar power generation is unstable due to the influence of site climate, environment, etc., it cannot meet the 24-hour operation requirements of the data center 20. In this embodiment, the motor connected to the compressor 1211 can be connected to green power sources such as wind power and solar power generation. Whether the carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 enters the liquid storage unit 13 or directly enters the expander 1432 through the branch pipe 61 to work, it can be converted into stable electric energy to provide stable electric energy for the data center 20. The opening degree of the working medium flow regulating valve 62 can be adjusted according to the duration of the energy storage stage to ensure that the evaporator 141 works normally to dissipate heat for the data center 20 while improving the power generation efficiency as much as possible.

[0082] In some embodiments, when the compression energy storage unit 121 includes a multi-stage compressor 1211 , the inlet end of the branch pipeline 61 is connected to the outlet of the last-stage compressor 1211 in the multi-stage compressor 1211 . Figure 5 The example illustrates an embodiment in which the compression energy storage unit 121 includes a two-stage compressor 1211, and the inlet end of the branch pipeline 61 is connected to the outlet of the second-stage compressor 1211, which can obtain more power generation and improve power generation efficiency and energy utilization.

[0083] In some embodiments, the opening of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 can be adjusted according to the power generation of the expander 1432. The specific control method is as follows: in the energy storage stage, the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 is adjusted so that the mass flow of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipe 61 satisfies the following relationship:

[0084] Wherein, m is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipe 61 (in kg / s), is the power generation of the expander 1432 of the expansion energy release unit 143 (kJ / s); is the inlet and outlet enthalpy difference of the expander 1432 (unit: kJ / kg).

[0085] In the above-mentioned embodiment, for example, the generator connected to the expander 1432 is connected to the power input terminal of the data center 20 to supply power to the data center 20. Therefore, the power generation W of the expander 1432 in this embodiment can be determined according to the power demand of the data center 20. This ensures that the power generation of the expander 1432 meets the normal operation of the data center 20. The inlet and outlet enthalpy difference of the expander 1432 It can be calculated based on the inlet temperature and pressure of the expander 1432 and the outlet temperature and pressure of the expander 1432. By adjusting the working medium flow regulating valve 62 through the above method, a portion of carbon dioxide can directly enter the expander 1432 from the outlet of the compressor 1211 to generate power during the energy storage stage, and the remaining carbon dioxide enters the liquid storage unit 13 to store energy. During the energy storage stage, all the carbon dioxide input to the expander 1432 comes from the branch pipeline 61, which can improve the power generation efficiency and meet the power demand of the data center 20, reducing energy waste.

[0086] In some embodiments, the opening of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 can be adjusted according to the duration of the energy storage stage. The specific control method is as follows: in the energy storage stage, the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 is adjusted so that the relationship between the mass flow of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline 61 and the mass flow of carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 of the compressed energy storage unit 121 satisfies the following relationship:

[0087] in, is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide through the branch pipe, The mass flow rate of carbon dioxide output by the compressor of the compression energy storage unit; is the duration of the energy storage phase.

[0088] If the motor of compressor 1211 is only connected to the municipal power grid, the duration of the energy storage phase is the local valley power duration, which can be determined according to the local peak and valley power consumption rules. For example, if the local valley power duration is 6 hours, the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline is Less than or equal to the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide output by the compressor of the compressed energy storage unit One quarter of equal When the power consumption is one quarter of that, the power generation efficiency can be maximized and the evaporator 141 can be ensured to continuously dissipate heat for the data center 20.

[0089] In some embodiments, if the motor of the compressor 1211 is connected to the municipal power grid and also to green power sources such as wind power and solar power generation, the duration of the energy storage phase can be determined based on the green energy generation duration and the local valley power duration, thereby determining the opening of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62.

[0090] For example, the opening of the working medium flow control valve 62 can also be adjusted directly according to the local valley power duration, so that Satisfy the following formula:

[0091] in It is the local off-peak electricity duration.

[0092] In some embodiments of the present invention, the rated mass flow of the compressor 1211 and the expander 1432 in the energy storage subsystem 10 can also be designed according to the local valley power duration or the energy storage stage duration. For example, the rated mass flow of the expander 1432 and the rated mass flow of the compressor 1211 satisfy the following relationship:

[0093] is the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432, is the rated mass flow rate of compressor 1211, is the duration of the energy storage phase. Among them, if the motor of the compressor 1211 is only connected to the municipal power grid, the duration of the energy storage phase is the local valley power duration, which can be determined according to the local peak and valley power consumption rules. For example, if the local valley power duration is 6 hours, the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432 is one-fourth of the rated mass flow rate of the compressor 1211. The rated mass flow rates of the expander 1432 and the compressor 1211 can be reasonably set to ensure that the energy release phase runs 24 hours a day and that the expander 1432 and the compressor 1211 can operate under the rated mass flow conditions as much as possible, so that the equipment selection is more reasonable and the power generation efficiency is higher. In some embodiments, if the motor of the compressor 1211 is connected to the municipal power grid and also to green power sources such as wind power and solar power generation, the duration of the energy storage phase can be determined based on the power generation duration of the green energy and the local valley power duration. For example, the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432 and the rated mass flow rate of the compressor 1211 satisfy the following relationship:

[0094] is the rated mass flow rate of the expander 1432, is the rated mass flow rate of compressor 1211, The above-mentioned relationship setting of the rated mass flow rate can make the selection of the compressor 1211 and the expander 1432 more appropriate, save the equipment investment cost and ensure the power generation efficiency.

[0095] The following Figure 3 and Figure 4 The operating principles and processes of the comprehensive energy utilization system shown are explained with specific examples.

[0096] like Figure 3 When the energy comprehensive utilization system shown is in the first operating condition, in the energy storage stage, the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 in the energy storage subsystem 10 is opened, the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 is first input into the compressor 1211 to be compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide, and the opening of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 is adjusted so that a part of the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 enters the first heat storage unit 1212, and the first heat storage unit 1212 absorbs heat and stores it; another part of the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 directly enters the expander 1432 through the branch pipeline 61 to generate power and provide power for the data center 20. The low-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide output from the first heat storage unit 1212 enters the condenser 123, the sixth valve 86 and the seventh valve 87 are closed, the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 are opened, and the first chiller 41 and the heat pump unit 33 are started to provide cooling capacity for the condenser 123, so as to condense the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and store it in the liquid storage unit 13. At the same time, the low-temperature heat exchange medium stored in the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 is heated to a high-temperature heat exchange medium by the heat pump unit 33 and then transported to the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 for storage. The third cooling tower 42 provides the first chiller 41 with a heat dissipation medium through the third pump 93 for heat dissipation. The energy release stage operates 24 hours a day. In the energy release stage, the third valve 83 and the fifth valve 85 are closed, and the second valve 82 and the fourth valve 84 are opened. The liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit 13 enters the evaporator 141 to absorb heat and heat up to convert into gas, and then absorbs heat through the second heat storage unit 1431 to become high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide and enters the expander 1432 to generate power. After the work is completed, the gaseous carbon dioxide flows back to the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 for storage. The first pump 91 is started to realize the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the evaporator 141 and the data center 20. The heat exchange medium output by the first pump 91 enters the data center 20 to dissipate heat for the data center 20, and is transmitted to the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 for storage via the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32. The flow rate of the first pump 91 and the opening degree of the first valve 81 are controlled according to the heat required by the evaporator 141, and the flow rate of the heat exchange medium transported from the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 to the evaporator 141 via the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 is controlled, so that the heat exchange medium output via the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 and the heat exchange medium output from the data center 20 flow into the evaporator 141 together to meet the heat demand of the evaporator 141.

[0097] When the energy storage subsystem 10 needs to be maintained and overhauled, it enters the energy storage subsystem shutdown condition, and the working fluid flow regulating valve 62, the first valve 81, the second valve 82, the fourth valve 84, the eighth valve 88, and the ninth valve 89 are closed. The third valve 83, the fifth valve 85, the sixth valve 86, and the seventh valve 87 are opened. The heat pump unit 33 and / or the first chiller 41 are started to provide cooling for the data center heat exchanger 50, and exchange heat with the heat exchange medium output by the data center 20 to achieve cooling of the data center 20. When the heat pump unit 33 is started, the heat exchange medium stored in the low-temperature medium storage unit 342 is heated and transported to the high-temperature medium storage unit 341 for storage. When the first chiller 41 is started, the third cooling tower 42 is also started to transport the heat dissipation medium to the first chiller 41 for heat dissipation.

[0098] The water replenishment device 70 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20. During the operation of the energy comprehensive utilization system, the water replenishment device 70 is used to replenish the heat exchange medium to ensure the sufficiency of the heat exchange medium.

[0099] like Figure 4When the energy comprehensive utilization system shown is in the second operating condition, the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 in the energy storage subsystem 10 is opened in the energy storage stage, and the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 is first input into the compressor 1211 to be compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide. The opening of the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 is adjusted so that a part of the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 enters the first heat storage unit 1212, and the first heat storage unit 1212 absorbs heat and stores it; another part of the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the compressor 1211 directly enters the expander 1432 through the branch pipeline 61 to generate power and provide power for the data center 20. The low-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide output from the first heat storage unit 1212 enters the condenser 123, the sixth valve 86 and the seventh valve 87 are closed, the eighth valve 88 and the ninth valve 89 are opened, and the first chiller 41 is started to provide cooling capacity for the condenser 123, so as to condense the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and store it in the liquid storage unit 13. The third cooling tower 42 provides the heat dissipation medium to the first chiller 41 through the third pump 93 for heat dissipation. The energy release stage operates 24 hours a day. In the energy release stage, the third valve 83 and the fifth valve 85 are closed, and the second valve 82 and the fourth valve 84 are opened. The liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit 13 enters the evaporator 141 to absorb heat and heat up to be converted into gas, and then absorbs heat through the second heat storage unit 1431 to become high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide and enters the expansion machine 1432 to work and generate electricity. After the work is completed, the gaseous carbon dioxide flows back to the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit 11 for storage. Among them, the first pump 91 is started to realize the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the evaporator 141 and the data center 20, and the heat exchange medium output by the first pump 91 enters the data center 20 to realize the heat dissipation of the data center 20. The heat exchange medium outputted from the data center 20 enters the evaporator 141 in one way to provide the required heat for the evaporator 141, and is transmitted to the first cooling tower 351 through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 for cooling in the other way. The second chiller 353 is started to provide cooling capacity for the first heat exchanger 352. The heat exchange medium cooled by the first cooling tower 351 enters the first heat exchanger 352 for cooling, and is transmitted through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 and flows into the data center 20 together with the heat exchange medium outputted from the evaporator 141 to achieve heat dissipation of the data center 20. During the operation of the second chiller 353, the second cooling tower 354 transports the heat dissipation medium to the second chiller 353 through the fifth pump 95 and uses the heat dissipation medium to circulate and dissipate heat for the second chiller 353.

[0100] When the energy storage subsystem 10 needs to be maintained and repaired, it enters the energy storage subsystem shutdown state, and the working fluid flow regulating valve 62, the second valve 82, the fourth valve 84, the eighth valve 88, and the ninth valve 89 are closed. The third valve 83, the fifth valve 85, the sixth valve 86, and the seventh valve 87 are opened. The first chiller 41 is started to provide cooling capacity for the data center heat exchanger 50. A part of the heat exchange medium output by the data center 20 enters the data center heat exchanger 50 for heat exchange and cooling, and the other part enters the first cooling tower 351 and the first heat exchanger 352 in turn through the high-temperature transmission pipeline 31 for cooling, and then is transmitted through the low-temperature transmission pipeline 32 and flows into the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20 together with the heat exchange medium output by the data center heat exchanger 50. The first chiller 41 and the cooling assembly 35 realize the circulation and cooling of the heat exchange medium to dissipate heat for the data center 20.

[0101] The water replenishment device 70 is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet 1412 of the evaporator 141 and the heat exchange medium inlet 201 of the data center 20. During the operation of the energy comprehensive utilization system, the water replenishment device 70 is used to replenish the heat exchange medium to ensure the sufficiency of the heat exchange medium.

[0102] In summary, the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) By coupling the evaporator 141 in the energy storage subsystem with the data center 20, the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the data center 20 and the evaporator 141 can simultaneously supply heat to the evaporator 141 and dissipate heat to the data center 20, thereby reducing the construction investment cost of the heating facilities of the evaporator 141 and the cooling facilities of the data center 20, and achieving full utilization of energy. (2) The configuration of the heat balance component 30 can be used for the scenario where the required heat supply of the evaporator 141 is inconsistent with the heat dissipation of the data center 20, and the stable operation of the energy comprehensive utilization system can be ensured. (3) The energy storage subsystem 10 operates 24 hours a day and the generated electricity is used for the data center 20 during the energy release phase, matching the characteristics of the data center 20 operating 24 hours a day, and providing a stable and continuous power supply for the operation of the data center 20. (4) The data center heat exchanger 50 is coupled with the first chiller 41 to ensure that the data center 20 can still dissipate heat when the evaporator 141 is shut down, thereby maintaining the stable operation of the data center 20, without the need to add additional standby refrigeration equipment, reducing investment costs and being applicable to a variety of working conditions. (5) The branch pipeline 61 and the working fluid flow regulating valve 62 are arranged in the energy storage subsystem 10 to reduce energy loss and reduce the volume of the liquid storage unit 13, thereby improving power generation efficiency. (6) The energy storage subsystem 10 is coupled with green energy such as wind power and solar power generation to convert green energy into stable power output and provide stable power for the data center 20.

[0103] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes using the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers, characterized in that: include: An energy storage subsystem, the energy storage subsystem comprising a gaseous carbon dioxide management unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit and an energy release component connected in a closed loop in sequence; the energy storage component comprising a condenser, the energy storage component being used to compress the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and condense it into liquid carbon dioxide through the condenser and then store it in the liquid storage unit; the energy release component comprising an evaporator, the energy release component being used to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide output by the liquid storage unit into gaseous carbon dioxide through the evaporator, and causing the gaseous carbon dioxide to expand and do work and then store it in the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; A data center, wherein a heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is connected to a heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator, and a heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is connected to a heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator; and A heat balance component, comprising a high temperature transmission pipeline and a low temperature transmission pipeline, wherein the high temperature transmission pipeline is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator, and the low temperature transmission pipeline is connected between the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator; The heat balance component is used to supplement the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or to supplement the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline when the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for the data center is in operation and the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the required heating amount of the evaporator.

2. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The operating conditions include a first operating condition, under which the heat dissipation of the data center is less than the required heat supply of the evaporator; The heat balance component includes a heat pump unit; the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator is also connected to the heat pump unit through the high-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat exchange medium outlet of the evaporator is also connected to the heat pump unit through the low-temperature transmission pipeline; under the first operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator to the low-temperature transmission pipeline is heated by the heat pump unit, and then flows into the evaporator together with the heat exchange medium output from the data center through the high-temperature transmission pipeline.

3. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The heat balance component further includes a heat exchange medium storage component, and the heat exchange medium storage component includes a high-temperature medium storage unit disposed on the high-temperature transmission pipeline and a low-temperature medium storage unit disposed on the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

4. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The heat exchange medium inlet of the condenser is connected to the cold side outlet of the heat pump unit, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the condenser is connected to the cold side inlet of the heat pump unit.

5. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of an energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger, the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center, and the data center heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump unit; the data center heat exchanger is used to use the cooling capacity provided by the heat pump unit to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center when the energy storage subsystem is shut down.

6. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of an energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center; the first chiller is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger and the condenser; the data center heat exchanger is used to use the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller to cool down the heat exchange medium output from the data center under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; and the condenser is used to use the cooling capacity provided by the first chiller to condense carbon dioxide under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage.

7. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The operating condition includes a second operating condition, in which the heat dissipation of the data center is greater than the heat supply required by the evaporator; The heat balance component includes a cooling component, and the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center is also connected to the cooling component through the high-temperature transmission pipeline; the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center is also connected to the cooling component through the low-temperature transmission pipeline; under the second operating condition, the heat exchange medium output from the data center to the high-temperature transmission pipeline is cooled by the cooling component, and then flows into the data center together with the heat exchange medium output from the evaporator through the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

8. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The cooling assembly includes a first cooling tower, a first heat exchanger, a second chiller and a second cooling tower; the first heat exchanger is connected between the first cooling tower and the low-temperature transmission pipeline; the second chiller is respectively connected to the first heat exchanger and the second cooling tower; the second chiller is used to provide cooling for the first heat exchanger, and the second cooling tower is used to dissipate heat for the second chiller.

9. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center includes a shutdown condition of an energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for a data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the data center heat exchanger is connected between the heat exchange medium outlet of the data center and the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center; the first chiller is respectively connected to the data center heat exchanger and the condenser; under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the heat exchange medium output from the data center is divided into two paths, one path enters the cooling component to cool down using the cold provided by the second chiller, and the other path enters the data center heat exchanger to cool down using the cold provided by the first chiller; the condenser is used to condense carbon dioxide using the cold provided by the first chiller under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage.

10. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a branch pipeline; the energy storage component includes a compression energy storage part, which is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and the condenser; the energy release component includes an expansion energy release part, which is connected between the evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the compressor of the compression energy storage part, and the outlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part, and a working fluid flow regulating valve is arranged on the branch pipeline.

11. The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: The compression energy storage unit includes multiple stages of compressors, and the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the last stage compressor among the multiple stages of compressors.

12. A control method, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to a data center includes an operating condition, and the control method includes: Under the operating conditions, when the heat dissipation of the data center is inconsistent with the heat supply required by the evaporator, the heat balance component replenishes the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the evaporator through the high-temperature transmission pipeline or replenishes the low-temperature heat exchange medium to the heat exchange medium inlet of the data center through the low-temperature transmission pipeline.

13. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to the data center includes a shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem; the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system applicable to the data center also includes a data center heat exchanger and a first chiller; the control method includes: Under the operating condition and in the energy storage stage, the condenser uses the cold provided by the first chiller to condense carbon dioxide; under the shutdown condition of the energy storage subsystem, the data center heat exchanger uses the cold provided by the first chiller to cool the heat exchange medium output from the data center.

14. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy comprehensive utilization system suitable for data centers also includes a branch pipeline; the energy storage component includes a compression energy storage part, which is connected between the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit and the condenser; the energy release component includes an expansion energy release part, which is connected between the evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide management unit; the inlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the compressor of the compression energy storage part, and the outlet end of the branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part, and a working medium flow regulating valve is provided on the branch pipeline; the control method includes: Under the operating conditions and in the energy storage stage, the working fluid flow regulating valve is opened to allow part of the carbon dioxide output by the compressor of the compression energy storage part to enter the condenser for condensation, and the other part is input from the branch pipeline to the inlet of the expander of the expansion energy release part to expand and perform work.

15. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The control method further includes: in the energy storage stage, adjusting the working fluid flow regulating valve so that the mass flow of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline satisfies the following relationship: Wherein, m is the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide passing through the branch pipeline, The power generation of the expander of the expansion energy release unit; is the inlet and outlet enthalpy difference of the expander.

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