A cultivation method for improving the quality of Dendrobium officinale

Abstract

The present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of Dendrobium, which relates to the technical field of Dendrobium cultivation. In the present invention, a soil substrate is prepared by mixing crushed stones, the fermentation product of water bamboo husks, and pine bark in a mass ratio of 5-8:10-15:10-15; this not only ensures good drainage and air permeability, but also helps the growth of Dendrobium roots and the absorption of nutrients. Then, the roots of the cuttings are soaked in a rooting solution containing glucoamylase and eucalyptol, which can effectively promote the growth rate and quality of the cuttings. Glucoamylase helps decompose organic matter and provides more energy for the cuttings, and in combination with eucalyptol, it can significantly promote the growth of Dendrobium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Dendrobium cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the quality of Dendrobium. Background Art

[0002] It contains various components such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, volatile oils, etc., and has the effects of promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, nourishing yin and clearing heat. It is commonly used for febrile diseases with fluid injury, dry mouth and polydipsia, deficiency of stomach yin, anorexia and retching, lingering low-grade fever after illness, yin deficiency and internal heat, steaming bone fever, unclear vision, and flaccidity of muscles and bones. Because of its good medicinal effects, the medicinal value of Dendrobium is quite important. Therefore, the cultivation of high-quality Dendrobium is even more important. Dendrobium usually grows in tropical and subtropical primary forests and attaches to the trunks of broad-leaved trees. These environments must have the conditions of "warm", "humid", "ventilated", "breathable" and "water-permeable". However, the natural environments that can meet these harsh conditions have become increasingly scarce, which poses challenges to the artificial cultivation of Dendrobium.

[0003] The common artificial cultivation methods of Dendrobium include the cutting method and the dividing method. The cutting method is to select healthy branches on the mother plant, cut them into small sections about 10 cm long, insert them into the soil, keep them moist, and wait for them to take root. The dividing method is to divide the mother plant into several small plants, each with roots, and then plant them in new potting soil. However, the success rate of the cutting method is usually lower than that of the dividing method. Therefore, most people still use the dividing method to cultivate Dendrobium. In the process of cultivating Dendrobium by the cutting method, rooting powder is generally used to treat the roots of the cuttings. However, the existing rooting powder is generally composed of various plant growth regulators, which can only regulate the initial growth stage of Dendrobium and has no obvious promoting effect on the subsequent growth. Moreover, since Dendrobium has aerial roots and shallow roots, it is necessary to prepare the soil substrate for Dendrobium during the cultivation process. The existing soil substrate is generally prepared by mixing granular peat, pine bark and gravel in a ratio of 4:4:2. There is also a soil substrate composed of leaf mold, sphagnum moss, bark pieces, charcoal and perlite or vermiculite mixed in a certain proportion. Although the combination of the above soil substrates can ensure the air permeability of the soil, it is not clear whether it can improve the quality of Dendrobium.

[0004] Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the cultivation method to improve the quality of Dendrobium. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of Dendrobium, including the following steps:

[0006] Preparation of soil substrate: Prepare a soil substrate by mixing gravel, the fermentation product of water bamboo husks and pine bark in a mass ratio of 5-8:10-15:10-15; the soil substrate is gravel, the fermentation product of water bamboo husks and pine bark from bottom to top;

[0007] Pretreatment of cuttings: Collect the branches of Dendrobium officinale that are 1 - 2 years old as cuttings, and soak the roots of the cuttings in a rooting solution, then air-dry to obtain cuttings; the rooting solution is composed of the following components: 1 - 1.5 g / L of glucoamylase, 0.01 - 0.1 g / L of eucalyptol, and the solvent is butanediol;

[0008] Planting of cuttings; Plant the cuttings in the soil substrate, and water the roots once every 3 - 8 days.

[0009] Furthermore, the soil substrate is prepared according to the following steps:

[0010] Break the pine bark into small pieces 3 - 8 cm in length to obtain small pieces of pine bark;

[0011] Crush the water bamboo husks to obtain crushed water bamboo husks;

[0012] Perform high-temperature disinfection on the crushed stones, small pieces of pine bark, and crushed water bamboo husks respectively;

[0013] Put the disinfected water bamboo husks into a fermentation tank, then inoculate the activated Streptococcus thermophilus into the fermentation tank, seal the tank mouth and ferment to obtain the fermentation product of water bamboo husks;

[0014] Lay the crushed stones, the fermentation product of water bamboo husks, and the pine bark from the bottom to the top in the flower pot in sequence to form the soil substrate.

[0015] Furthermore, the conditions for high-temperature disinfection are 120 - 125 °C for 5 - 15 min.

[0016] Furthermore, the inoculation amount of Streptococcus thermophilus is 0.1 - 1% of the weight of water bamboo husks in the fermentation tank.

[0017] Furthermore, the fermentation temperature of water bamboo husks is 40 - 60 °C, and the fermentation time is 5 - 7 days.

[0018] Furthermore, during the pretreatment of cuttings, the soaking time of the roots of the cuttings in the rooting solution is 10 - 20 min.

[0019] Furthermore, during the pretreatment of cuttings, the air-drying temperature is 18 - 25 °C, and the water content in the air-dried cuttings is 40 - 60%.

[0020] Furthermore, during the planting of cuttings, the cutting depth is 1 / 3 - 1 / 2 of the length of the cuttings.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] By preparing a soil substrate with specific mass ratios of crushed stones, pine bark, and the fermentation product of water bamboo husks, not only is good drainage and air permeability ensured, but it also helps the growth of Dendrobium roots and the absorption of nutrients. Soaking with a rooting solution containing glucoamylase and eucalyptol can effectively promote the growth rate and quality of cuttings. Glucoamylase helps decompose organic matter, providing more energy for cuttings, and in combination with eucalyptol, it can significantly promote the growth of Dendrobium.

[0023] Through optimizing the soil substrate, efficient pretreatment of cuttings, and scientific planting management, the present invention can significantly improve the growth rate and quality of Dendrobium. This not only helps increase the yield of Dendrobium, but also enhances its medicinal value and ornamental value, providing strong support for the development of the Dendrobium industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 Shows a picture of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 1 of the embodiments of the present invention when flower buds grow;

[0026] Figure 2 Shows a growth picture of the leaves of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 1 of the embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Shows a growth picture of the leaves of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 5 of the embodiments of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 Shows a picture of the stems of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 1 of the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The preparation of Soil Substrate 1 is as follows:

[0032] (1) Crush the pine bark into small pieces 3 - 8 cm in length to obtain small pieces of pine bark;

[0033] (2) Crush the water bamboo husks to obtain crushed water bamboo husk materials;

[0034] (3) Disinfect the crushed stones, small pieces of pine bark, and crushed water bamboo husk materials at high temperature (disinfect at 120 °C for 10 min);

[0035] (4) Put the disinfected water bamboo husks into a fermentation tank, and then inoculate the activated Streptococcus thermophilus (Shandong Zhongke Jiayi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) at 0.5% of the total mass of the water bamboo husks. After inoculation, seal the tank mouth, and then place it at 50 °C for fermentation for 7 days to obtain the fermented product of water bamboo husks;

[0036] (5) Spread the disinfected crushed stones on the bottom layer of the flower pot, lay the fermented product of water bamboo husks on top of the crushed stones, and then lay pine bark on top of the fermented product of water bamboo husks. The mass ratio of the crushed stones, the fermented product of water bamboo husks, and the pine bark is 7:13:13 to obtain Soil Substrate One.

[0037] The preparation of Soil Substrate Two is as follows:

[0038] Prepare according to the method of Soil Substrate One, except that the water bamboo husks are not fermented (i.e., step (4) is not carried out) to obtain Soil Substrate Two.

[0039] The preparation of Soil Substrate Three:

[0040] Prepare according to the method of Soil Substrate One, except that instead of fermenting the water bamboo husks, ferment the pine bark according to step (3) to obtain Soil Substrate Three.

[0041] The preparation of Soil Substrate Four: It is composed of granular peat, pine bark, and crushed stones with a mass ratio of 4:4:2. The bottom layer of the flower pot is crushed stones, the middle layer is granular peat, and the upper layer is pine bark to obtain Soil Substrate Four.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Pretreatment of Dendrobium officinale cuttings;

[0044] (1) In this example, select the branches of 2-year-old healthy Dendrobium officinale, cut them into small sections 8 - 13 cm in length as cuttings, and retain several bud points and 2 - 3 leaves on the upper part of each cutting;

[0045] (2) Immerse the roots of the cuttings in the rooting solution for 15 min, and then air-dry them in an environment of 20 °C to obtain cuttings, and the water content in the cuttings is maintained at 50%.

[0046] The rooting solution is composed of the following components:

[0047] Rooting solution 1: Dissolve 1.2 g of glucoamylase and 0.08 g of eucalyptol in 1 L of butanediol (mass concentration 30%) at 60 °C to obtain a rooting alcohol solution.

[0048] Rooting solution 2: Dissolve 1.2 g of glucoamylase in 1 L of butanediol (mass concentration 30%) at 60 °C to obtain a rooting alcohol solution.

[0049] Rooting solution 3: Dissolve 0.08 g of eucalyptol in 1 L of butanediol (mass concentration 30%) at 60 °C to obtain a rooting alcohol solution.

[0050] Rooting solution 4: Dissolve 1.2 g of glucoamylase and 0.08 g of eucalyptol in water at 60 °C to obtain a rooting aqueous solution.

[0051] Rooting solution 5: Dissolve commercially available high-quality rooting powder in water to form a rooting aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.2 g / L.

[0052] According to the methods in steps (1)-(2), use rooting solutions 1-5 to soak Dendrobium cutting seedlings respectively. The cutting seedlings obtained after soaking with different rooting solutions are named cutting seedling 1, cutting seedling 2, cutting seedling 3, cutting seedling 4, and cutting seedling 5 in sequence.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Cutting and planting of Dendrobium:

[0055] In this example, cutting is carried out under the conditions of a temperature of 25 °C and an air humidity of 75%. Insert the roots of the cutting seedlings obtained by different pretreatment methods in Example 2 into the soil substrate prepared in Example 1. Insert one cutting seedling per pot, and the cutting depth is 1 / 3 of the length of the cutting seedling.

[0056] After cutting, water once every 5 days, water at the roots to avoid watering on the leaves, apply a thin and decomposed cake fertilizer water once every 7 days, and do not fertilize during the winter dormancy period. When fertilizing, evenly sprinkle it on the soil surface and stir well to avoid fertilizer accumulation in one place causing burns. Change the pot after one year and replace it with the original soil substrate.

[0057] The specific experimental planting plan is shown in Table 1, and 15 parallel experimental groups are set for each experimental group.

[0058] Table 1

[0059] Group Cutting Seedling Soil Substrate Experimental Group 1 Cutting Seedling 1 Soil Substrate 1 Experimental Group 2 Cutting Seedling 1 Soil Substrate 2 Experimental Group 3 Cutting Seedling 1 Soil Substrate 3 Experimental Group 4 Cutting Seedling 1 Soil Substrate 4 Experimental Group 5 Cutting Seedling 2 Soil Substrate 1 Experimental Group 6 Cutting Seedling 3 Soil Substrate 1 Experimental Group 7 Cutting Seedling 4 Soil Substrate 1 Experimental Group 8 Cutting Seedling 5 Soil Substrate 1

[0060] Control 1

[0061] Dendrobium was planted according to the method of Example 3, except that the cuttings were not soaked and were directly cut and inserted into the soil substrate 1. The Dendrobium planted by this method was recorded as Experimental Group 9.

[0062] Test Example 1

[0063] According to the settings of each experimental group and the control group in Example 3, the cuttings were planted by cutting. After 30 days of cutting, 5 groups of Dendrobium in each experimental group were pulled out with roots, washed, and the root length was measured using an Epson Perfection V850 Pro scanner. The average root length of Dendrobium in each experimental group was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 2:

[0064] Table 2

[0065]

[0066] Test Example 2

[0067] According to the settings of each experimental group, the cuttings were planted by cutting, and the subsequent growth status of Dendrobium was observed. After 30 days of cutting and emergence, the seedling formation rate of the Dendrobium cuttings in different experimental groups was statistically analyzed. The seedling formation rate = the number of seedlings formed / the total number of cuttings × 100%;

[0068] After 90 days, the flower germination of Dendrobium was observed (the flower germination status of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 1 is as Figure 1 shown), and the average number of flowers in each experimental group was statistically analyzed;

[0069] After 120 days, the leaf performance (the leaves of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 1 are as Figure 2 shown, the leaves of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 5 are as Figure 3 shown) and the stem performance (the stem performance of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 1 is as Figure 4 shown) were observed, and the stem length of Dendrobium was measured using a ruler.

[0070] The results are shown in Table 3:

[0071] Table 3

[0072]

[0073] From the above table combined with the appendix Figures 1 - 4 It can be seen that the leaf performance, stem length, and number of flowers of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 1 (using the combination of cutting seedling 1 and soil substrate 1) are higher than those of other experimental groups, and the flower germination is neat, indicating that the growth status of Dendrobium in Experimental Group 1 is good.

[0074] Test Example 3

[0075] In this example, the contents of polysaccharide components and alkaloid components in Dendrobium grown for two years in Experimental Groups 1 - 9 were determined.

[0076] (1) The polysaccharide components in Dendrobium officinale were determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the determination process was as follows:

[0077] Preparation of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide sample: Take an appropriate amount of Dendrobium officinale stem powder, successively degrease with petroleum ether, extract interfering components with 80% ethanol, and then extract polysaccharide components by hot water reflux to obtain a refined polysaccharide sample.

[0078] Preparation of standard curve: Weigh standard glucose precisely, dissolve it in water and dilute it to polysaccharide standard solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g / L. Then, take different volumes of the standard glucose solution, add phenol and concentrated sulfuric acid, measure the absorbance value after color development, and draw the standard curve.

[0079] Sample determination: Take an appropriate amount of the refined polysaccharide sample, also add phenol and concentrated sulfuric acid, measure the absorbance value after color development, and calculate the polysaccharide content in the sample according to the standard curve.

[0080] The average percentage content of polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale in different experimental groups is shown in Table 4:

[0081] Table 4

[0082]

[0083] It can be seen that the polysaccharide content in Dendrobium officinale in experimental group 1 is 35.9%, which is significantly higher than that in other experimental groups, and higher than the requirement in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia that the polysaccharide content in Dendrobium officinale should not be less than 25.0%, meeting the requirements of Dendrobium officinale.

[0084] (2) The alkaloids in Dendrobium officinale were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the specific determination process was as follows:

[0085] Chromatographic conditions: Select a C18 column; the mobile phase is a methanol-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution (both the A phase and B phase of the mobile phase are methanol-potassium dihydrogen phosphate solutions with a pH of 6.5, and the volume ratio of the A phase to the B phase is 65:35); the elution method is isocratic elution, and the elution time is 40 min; the detection wavelength is usually 260 nm; the column temperature is 30 °C; the injection volume is 20 μL.

[0086] Preparation of the Dendrobium officinale sample to be measured: After washing, crushing, and sieving the Dendrobium officinale stems in experimental groups 1-9 above, dissolve them with methanol, and filter to obtain the Dendrobium officinale sample to be measured.

[0087] Preparation of Dendrobine Standard Sample: Accurately weigh 1 mg of dendrobine standard, place it in a volumetric flask, dissolve it with methanol and make up the volume to obtain the standard stock solution. Appropriately pipette the standard stock solution and dilute it with methanol to prepare standard working solutions with concentrations of 1 mg / mL, 2 mg / mL, 3 mg / mL, 5 mg / mL, and 10 mg / mL. Inject and measure according to the above chromatographic conditions. Taking the peak area as the ordinate and the concentration as the abscissa, plot the standard curve.

[0088] After filtering the Dendrobium sample to be tested through a microporous filter membrane, conduct the measurement according to the above chromatographic conditions. Determine the elution position of dendrobine in Dendrobium based on the elution time of the standard working solution for comparison, and determine its peak area. Then, determine the average percentage content of dendrobine according to the standard curve. The results are shown in Table 5 as follows:

[0089] Table 5

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from the above table, the average percentage content of dendrobine in Dendrobium officinale in Experimental Group 1 is significantly higher than that in other experimental groups, indicating that planting Dendrobium according to the method of Experimental Group 1 can significantly improve the quality of Dendrobium.

[0092] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for improving the quality of polysaccharides and alkaloids in Dendrobium officinale, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Preparation of soil matrix: Prepare a soil matrix by mixing crushed stones, fermented products of water bamboo husks, and pine bark at a mass ratio of 5 - 8:10 - 15:10 - 15; the soil matrix from bottom to top is successively crushed stones, fermented products of water bamboo husks, and pine bark; Pretreatment of cuttings: Collect branches of Dendrobium officinale aged 1 - 2 years as cuttings, soak the roots of the cuttings in a rooting solution, and air-dry to obtain cuttings; The rooting solution is composed of the following components: 1 - 1.5 g / L of glucoamylase, 0.01 - 0.1 g / L of eucalyptol, and the solvent is butanediol with a mass concentration of 30%; Planting of cuttings: Plant the cuttings in the soil matrix and water the roots once every 3 - 8 days.

2. The cultivation method for improving the quality of dendrobium polysaccharide and dendrobine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil matrix is prepared according to the following steps: Crush the pine bark into small pieces 3 - 8 cm long to obtain small pieces of pine bark; Crush the water bamboo husks to obtain crushed water bamboo husk materials; Subject the crushed stones, small pieces of pine bark, and crushed water bamboo husk materials to high-temperature disinfection respectively; Put the disinfected water bamboo husks into a fermentation tank, then inoculate the activated Streptococcus thermophilus into the fermentation tank, seal the tank mouth and ferment to obtain fermented products of water bamboo husks; Lay crushed stones, fermented products of water bamboo husks, and pine bark successively from bottom to top in the flower pot to form a soil matrix.

3. The planting method for improving the quality of dendrobium polysaccharide and dendrobine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conditions for high-temperature disinfection are 120 - 125 °C for 5 - 15 min.

4. The cultivation method for improving the quality of dendrobium polysaccharide and dendrobine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inoculation amount of Streptococcus thermophilus is 0.1 - 1% of the weight of water bamboo husks in the fermentation tank.

5. The cultivation method for improving the quality of dendrobium polysaccharide and dendrobine according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that The fermentation temperature of water bamboo husks is 40 - 60 °C, and the fermentation time is 5 - 7 days.

6. The cultivation method for improving the quality of dendrobium polysaccharide and dendrobine according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the pretreatment of cuttings, the soaking time of the roots of the cuttings in the rooting solution is 10 - 20 min.

7. The planting method for improving the quality of dendrobium polysaccharide and dendrobine according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the pretreatment of cuttings, the air-drying temperature is 18 - 25 °C, and the water content in the air-dried cuttings is 40 - 60%.

8. The cultivation method for improving the quality of dendrobium polysaccharide and dendrobine according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the planting of cuttings, the cutting depth is 1 / 3 - 1 / 2 of the length of the cuttings.

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