Hemodialysis potassium ion real-time detection regulation and control instrument and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hemodialysis potassium ion real-time detection regulation and control instrument which comprises a sampling end rotary clamping valve, a sampling end liquid combiner, a detection end rotary clamping valve, a detection end liquid combiner, a potassium ion electrode assembly and a peristaltic pump which are connected in sequence, each of the sampling end clamping valve and the detection end rotary clamping valve comprises a valve cover, a valve core and a steering engine, the valve core can be rotatably arranged in the valve cover, the steering engine is connected with the valve cover, the output end of the steering engine is connected with the valve core, the valve cover comprises a plurality of rubber tube channels along the vertical direction, the valve core comprises an opening along the edge, and the opening is communicated with the rubber tube channels. And only when the opening is overlapped with the rubber tube channel, the rubber tube channel is opened. The hemodialysis potassium ion real-time detection system and the hemodialysis potassium ion real-time detection method have the advantages that the problem of liquid cross contamination in the blood potassium detection process is solved, the whole structural design is compact, the integration degree is high, the anti-interference capacity is high, and the detection precision is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of medical devices, and in particular to a real-time detection and control instrument for potassium ions in hemodialysis. Background Art

[0002] Fluctuations in blood potassium levels in hemodialysis patients will further increase the risk of arrhythmias, emergency hospitalization and death. If the patient's blood potassium level can be monitored in real time during dialysis, it will be of great significance to the clinical treatment of existing hemodialysis patients.

[0003] As in CN217697453U, a real-time monitoring device for whole blood potassium ions in a hemodialysis machine includes a box, a controller is provided at the top of the inner side of the box, an electrode measuring tube for monitoring whole blood potassium ions is provided below the controller, an electrode lead is provided at the top of the electrode measuring tube, the electrode lead is electrically connected to the controller, and one end of the electrode lead located inside the electrode measuring tube is electrically connected to the electrode assembly located inside the electrode measuring tube; the side wall of the electrode measuring tube is connected to an inner liquid filling tube, the electrode measuring tube is connected to a liquid inlet tube at a position corresponding to the inner liquid filling tube, the liquid inlet tube is connected to a stirring box at one end away from the electrode measuring tube, and a stirring shaft is rotatably connected inside the stirring box; an electrolytic cell is connected to one side of the stirring box, and the electrolytic cell is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box; a waste liquid tank is fixedly provided at the bottom of the box, and the waste liquid tank is connected to the electrode measuring tube. The liquid in the real-time detection process of potassium ions may have the problem of cross contamination.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to solve the problem of cross-infection of liquids in the existing real-time potassium ion detection process.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical means:

[0007] A real-time hemodialysis potassium ion detection and control instrument comprises a sampling end rotary clamping valve, a sampling end liquid collector, a detection end rotary clamping valve, a detection end liquid collector, a potassium ion electrode assembly, and a peristaltic pump which are connected in sequence;

[0008] The sampling end clamping valve and the detection end rotary clamping valve both include a valve cover, a valve core, and a servo. The valve core is rotatably placed in the valve cover, the servo is connected to the valve cover and the output end of the servo is connected to the valve core. The valve cover includes multiple hose channels along the vertical direction, and the valve core includes an opening along the edge. The hose channel is opened only when the opening coincides with the hose channel.

[0009] Preferably, the valve cover includes a lower cover, an upper cover, and a side cover, the upper cover is connected to the top of the lower cover, and a flat circular space is formed between the upper cover and the lower cover, the valve core is placed in the flat circular space, and the hose channel runs through the lower cover, the upper cover and the flat circular space; the side cover connects the lower cover and the side of the upper cover.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of first hose mounting holes are opened along the circumferential direction of the lower cover, a plurality of second hose mounting holes are opened along the circumferential direction of the upper cover, the first hose mounting holes are aligned with the second hose mounting holes along the axis, and hose inlets are opened on the sides of the first hose mounting holes and the second hose mounting holes; the side cover is an arc-shaped plate, and a plurality of protrusions extend inward from the inner side of the arc-shaped plate, and the protrusions are stuck in the hose inlets.

[0011] Preferably, the opening of the valve core is a V-shaped opening, the included angle of the V-shaped opening is greater than 120 degrees, and the inner angle of the V-shaped opening is an arc shape.

[0012] Preferably, the clamping valve at the sampling end includes three hose channels, which are respectively connected to blood, protein cleaning solution, and air;

[0013] The detection end rotary clamping valve includes six hose channels, which are respectively connected to the blood sample, protein cleaning solution, air, A standard solution, B standard solution, and electrode activation solution from the sampling end liquid manifold 2.

[0014] Preferably, the sampling end liquid combiner and the detection end liquid combiner both include an intermediate tube and a plurality of liquid pipes, the top end of the intermediate tube is an outlet, the bottom ends of the plurality of liquid pipes are arranged at the bottom of the sampling end liquid combiner and the detection end liquid combiner, the top ends of the liquid pipes merge with the intermediate tube, and the merging points of the liquid pipes and the intermediate tube are staggered along the height direction of the intermediate tube.

[0015] Preferably, the sampling end liquid manifold comprises an intermediate tube and three liquid pipelines, and the confluences of the three liquid pipelines and the intermediate tube are, from top to bottom, a blood confluence, a protein cleaning liquid confluence, and an air confluence;

[0016] The detection end liquid manifold includes an intermediate tube and six liquid pipelines, and the confluence of the six liquid pipelines and the intermediate tube is, from top to bottom, a blood sample confluence port, an A standard solution confluence port, a B standard solution confluence port, a protein cleaning solution confluence port, an electrode activation solution confluence port and an air confluence port.

[0017] Preferably, the potassium ion electrode assembly comprises a mounting frame, a potassium ion electrode, a reference electrode, and a grounding end cap; the potassium ion electrode and the reference electrode are arranged side by side, and the potassium ion electrode is connected to the grounding end cap and then mounted on the mounting frame; capillaries are provided inside the potassium ion electrode and the reference electrode, and both ends of the capillary are respectively connected to a detection end liquid combiner and a peristaltic pump.

[0018] The present invention also discloses a method for real-time detection of potassium ions in hemodialysis, which uses the real-time detection and control instrument for potassium ions in hemodialysis, and comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step S1: Calibration through a potassium ion electrode assembly;

[0020] Step S2: sampling and testing process;

[0021] Step S3: cleaning and activation process.

[0022] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step S1: Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V1 air to empty the residual liquid in the detection end liquid collector pipeline; switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to A standard solution, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V2A standard solution to the potassium ion electrode, and flushes the potassium ion electrode;

[0024] The rotary clamping valve at the detection end is switched to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V1 air to empty the A standard solution in the test end manifold pipeline; the rotary clamping valve at the detection end is switched to B standard solution, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V3B standard solution, and the front V3 / 2B standard solution is used to flush the A standard solution remaining in the potassium ion electrode, and the rear V3 / 2B standard solution is used to flush the potassium ion electrode back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode quickly reaches a steady state and reads the potential, and the potassium ion electrode is calibrated using the known potassium ion concentrations and measurement potentials of the A standard solution and the B standard solution, and the slope and intercept of the calibration line are calculated;

[0025] Switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to air, use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V1 air, and empty the B standard solution in the test end manifold pipeline; switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to A standard solution, use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V3A standard solution, use the front V3 / 2A standard solution to flush the B standard solution remaining in the potassium ion electrode, and use the rear V3 / 2A standard solution to flush the potassium ion electrode back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode quickly reaches a steady state and reads the potential, use the potential at this time to calculate the potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution, and compare it with the known amount to ensure the accuracy of the calibration;

[0026] Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V1 air to empty the A standard liquid in the pipeline, thus completing the calibration process;

[0027] Step S2: The detection end rotary clamping valve is switched to the blood sample, the sampling end rotary clamping valve is switched to the air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V4 air to exhaust the air in the pipeline from the sampling end to the detection end;

[0028] Switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to the A standard solution, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V5A standard solution to the potassium ion electrode, and flush the potassium ion electrode, so that the potassium ion electrode quickly reaches a steady state, and calculate the concentration of the A standard solution before the blood sample is tested; switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to the air, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V1 air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline; switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to the blood sample, switch the rotary clamping valve at the sampling end to the blood, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V6 blood, then switch the rotary clamping valve at the sampling end to the air, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V7 air, and then switch the rotary clamping valve at the sampling end to the blood, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V8 blood to complete the two-stage sampling, and use the front V6 blood to take away the residual liquid in the pipeline to ensure the accuracy of the rear V8 blood sample, and calculate the potassium ion concentration of the blood sample;

[0029] The rotary clamping valve at the sampling end is switched to the protein cleaning solution, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws the V9 protein cleaning solution to flush the residual blood sample in the pipeline;

[0030] Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to standard solution A, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V 10 A standard solution, before use V 10 / 2A standard solution is used to flush the blood sample remaining in the potassium ion electrode, and then V 10 / 2A standard solution is used to flush the potassium ion electrode back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode quickly reaches a steady state and reads the potential, and the potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution at this time is calculated. If the calculated potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution is correct before and after the blood sample is tested, it is considered that the blood sample test is accurate;

[0031] Switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V1 air to empty the A standard liquid in the pipeline, thus completing the sampling and testing process;

[0032] Step S3: Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V1 air to empty the residual liquid in the pipeline; switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V 11 Add electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution to the electrode and wait for at least 100 seconds; switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to A standard solution, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively absorb V 12A standard solution is used to flush out the residual electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution in the pipeline; the rotary clamping valve at the detection end is switched to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V1 air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline, thus completing the cleaning and activation process.

[0033] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0034] In the present invention, the sampling end rotary clamping valve, the sampling end liquid manifold, the detection end rotary clamping valve, and the detection end liquid manifold realize the separate control of each liquid pipeline, can realize the selective absorption of multiple liquids during the whole detection, and the liquid unidirectionally circulates without backflow, which is used to solve the problem of liquid cross contamination in the process of blood potassium detection. The whole structural design is compact, the integration is high, and the anti-interference ability is strong and the detection accuracy is high.

[0035] The valve core will not come into direct contact with various liquids, thus avoiding the situation in which multiple liquids are contaminated with each other due to direct contact between the liquid and the valve core 35 in traditional valves;

[0036] In the process of merging multiple liquids, the present invention adopts a design of longitudinal distribution and alternating merging, which can reduce the problem of mutual contamination in the process of merging multiple liquids. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a real-time hemodialysis potassium ion detection and control instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary clamping valve at a detection end according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is an exploded view of a rotary clamping valve at a detection end according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a top view of the rotary clamping valve at the detection end (without the upper cover) of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Explosion diagram of

[0042] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection end liquid collector of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a potassium ion electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a potassium ion electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Numbers in the figure:

[0046] 1. Rotate the clamping valve at the sampling end;

[0047] 2. Liquid collector at the sampling end;

[0048] 3. Rotary clamping valve at the detection end; 31. Lower cover; 32. Upper cover; 33. Side cover; 34. Servo; 35. Valve core;

[0049] 4. Liquid manifold at the detection end; 41. Blood sample confluence port; 42. A standard solution confluence port; 43. B standard solution confluence port; 44. Protein cleaning solution confluence port; 45. Electrode activation solution confluence port; 46. Air confluence port; 47. Detection inlet; 48. Detection outlet;

[0050] 5. Potassium ion electrode assembly; 51. Mounting frame; 52. Potassium ion electrode; 53. Reference electrode; 54. Grounding end cap; 55. Capillary line;

[0051] 6. Peristaltic pump;

[0052] 7. Waste liquid barrel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Embodiment 1:

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the hemodialysis potassium ion real-time detection and control instrument includes a sampling end rotary clamping valve 1, a sampling end liquid collector 2, a detection end rotary clamping valve 3, a detection end liquid collector 4, a potassium ion electrode assembly 5, a peristaltic pump 6, and a waste liquid barrel 7, which are connected in sequence. The waste liquid barrel 7 is used to collect waste liquid.

[0056] In the blood potassium ion real-time detection and control instrument, valves are required to control the opening and closing of the absorption of multiple liquids, so as to achieve the purpose of absorbing only one of the liquids. The sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 and the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 in this embodiment can open and close multiple liquids, and the function is similar to that of the traditional multi-position one-way valve. The sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 can realize the opening and closing of three substances, and the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 can realize the opening and closing of six substances.

[0057] The sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 includes three inlet ports, which are connected to blood, protein cleaning solution, and air respectively, and the sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 outlet is connected to the sampling end liquid manifold 2. The sampling end liquid manifold 2 has only one outlet port.

[0058] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 includes six inlet ends, which are respectively connected to the blood sample, protein cleaning solution, air, A standard solution, B standard solution, and electrode activation solution from the outlet end of the sampling end liquid manifold 2. The outlet end of the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is connected to the detection end liquid manifold 4. The detection end liquid manifold 4 has only one outlet end. The outlet end of the detection end liquid manifold 4 is connected to the potassium ion electrode assembly 5, the potassium ion electrode assembly 5 is connected to the peristaltic pump 6, and the peristaltic pump 6 is connected to the waste liquid bucket 7.

[0059] In this embodiment, the detection end rotating clamping valve 3 is used as an example for explanation. Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 includes a lower cover 31, an upper cover 32, a side cover 33, a steering gear 34, and a valve core 35; a center hole is opened in the middle of the lower cover 31, the steering gear 34 is connected to the bottom of the lower cover 31, and the output shaft of the steering gear 34 extends out of the center hole. The middle of the lower cover 31 includes a circular flat groove, and the valve core 35 is placed in the groove. The valve core 35 is connected to the output shaft of the steering gear 34 through a spline, and the steering gear 34 can drive the valve core 35 to rotate.

[0060] The upper cover 32 is connected to the upper part of the lower cover 31, and the valve core 35 is enclosed in the space between the lower cover 31 and the upper cover 32, but the valve core 35 can still rotate. The upper cover 32, the lower cover 31 and the side cover 33 together form a valve cover. Six first hose mounting holes 311 are opened along the circumferential direction of the lower cover 31, and six second hose mounting holes are opened along the circumferential direction of the upper cover 32. The first hose mounting holes and the second hose mounting holes are aligned along the axis. The hose inlet is opened on the side of the first hose mounting hole and the second hose mounting hole. There are two side covers 33, one end of the side cover 33 is rotatably connected with the upper cover 32 and the lower cover 31 through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the side cover 33 can be fixed together with another side cover 33 by bolts. The side cover 33 is an arc plate, and three protrusions 331 extend inward from the inner side of the arc plate. When the side cover 33 surrounds the outside of the upper cover 32 and the lower cover 31, the protrusions just fit into the hose inlet. Therefore, six hose channels 36 are formed along the vertical direction on the entire detection end rotating clamping valve, and the silicone tube can be placed in the hose channels 36 .

[0061] During installation, if Figure 5 As shown, the bolts can be loosened, the side cover 33 can be rotated to one side, the hose can be placed in the hose passage 36 from the hose inlet, and then the side cover 33 can be closed to fix the two side covers 33 together.

[0062] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the valve core 35 is a flat disc-shaped structure, and the middle part thereof is connected to the output shaft of the steering gear 34 through a spline, so as to ensure the stability of the connection between the valve core 35 and the output shaft of the steering gear 34 and avoid slippage or margin.

[0063] The edge of the valve core 35 includes a gradual opening. When the valve core 35 rotates to a different hose channel 36, the hose channel 36 at that location can be fully exposed, so that the hose channels 36 at that location are connected, and the liquid in the hose channels 36 is connected. Figure 4 As shown, the rubber hose channel 36' on the left does not overlap with the gradual opening, and the silicone tube is compressed to achieve closure; the rubber hose channel 36 on the right overlaps with the gradual opening to achieve opening.

[0064] The gradual opening of the circular valve core 35 is roughly V-shaped, and the angle of the V-shaped structure is preferably greater than 120 degrees, and the inner angle of the V-shaped structure is arc-shaped to ensure the natural transition between the opening and the silicone tube during rotation, avoiding jamming, insufficient torque or damage to the silicone tube. The edge where the circular valve core 35 is squeezed with the silicone tube adopts a fillet design with a radius of 1mm, which reduces the squeeze area and increases the pressure while ensuring the structural strength of the valve core 35, thereby ensuring the airtightness of the silicone tube when it is closed.

[0065] Specifically, the outer circle of the valve core 35 is a fixed bracket for the silicone tube, and the silicone tube is evenly distributed in the six rubber tube channels around the valve core 35 and fits tightly with the circular valve core 35. Since the silicone tube is elastic, when it is squeezed in a small range by the circular valve core 35, the inner wall of the silicone tube is compressed to fit tightly, completing the blocking of the liquid. And since the valve core 35 is circular in shape, the silicone tubes evenly distributed around the valve core 35 can be squeezed and closed by the valve core 35. When it is necessary to open a certain liquid, it is only necessary to rotate the circular valve core 35 so that its gradual opening is aligned with the silicone tube of the liquid that needs to be opened. At this time, the silicone tube is no longer affected by the squeezing force, and the tightly fitting inner wall opens and conducts, while other silicone tubes are still squeezed by the valve core 35, thereby realizing the function of six-position one-way. During the above-mentioned squeezing and clamping process, the valve core 35 will not come into direct contact with various liquids, avoiding the situation in which multiple liquids are contaminated with each other due to direct contact between the liquid and the valve core 35 in traditional valves.

[0066] Using a silicone tube with an inner diameter of 1mm in combination with a peristaltic pump 6 can accurately absorb liquid.

[0067] During the use of the detection end rotary clamping valve 3, a large amount of lubricating silicone grease needs to be applied to the circular valve core 35 to avoid excessive sliding friction with the silicone tube during rotation, insufficient torque of the steering gear 34, or a large amount of heat generated, which damages the silicone tube, and ensures smoothness during rotation. During the installation or replacement of the silicone tube, the left and right side panels need to be opened, the silicone tube is inserted into the fixing groove, and the side panels are pressed and fixed to make the silicone tube fit tightly with the circular valve core 35.

[0068] The lower cover 31, upper cover 32, and side cover 33 are modeled using SolidWorks and made using a light-curing 3D printer. This ensures that all parts can be installed smoothly without interfering with the installation sequence, and facilitates 3D printing and replacement of parts. The rotary actuator of the rotary clamping valve is completed using a closed-loop servo. The closed-loop servo has a magnetic encoder inside. Combined with the internal control algorithm and chip, the angle accuracy can reach 0.1 degrees. It also supports serial communication, so the host computer can easily control it, such as controlling the angular velocity and rotation angle of the servo 34, shutting down the torque output of the servo 34, reading the current angle, etc.

[0069] Since the sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 has only three inlets, its structure is the same as that of the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 and its principle is also the same. It is only necessary to remove three of the hose channels.

[0070] The sampling end liquid manifold 2 includes three inlets and one outlet, and the detection end liquid manifold 4 includes six inlets and one outlet. The principles of the two are the same, and this embodiment is described with reference to the detection end liquid manifold 4.

[0071] like Figure 6 As shown, the detection end manifold 4 is conical, with the bottom as the inlet end and the top as the outlet end, and has a total of seven interfaces (six detection inlets 47 and one detection outlet 48), all of which are used to connect with the silicone tube of the detection pipeline, of which six inlets are evenly distributed at the bottom of the detection end manifold 4, and are the inlets of the detection end manifold 4, and one outlet is at the top of the detection end manifold 4, and is the outlet of the detection end manifold 4. A section of intermediate pipe is arranged at the central axis position of the detection end manifold 4, and six liquid pipelines are respectively connected to the intermediate pipe, and the confluence of each pipeline with the intermediate pipe is distributed and arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the bottom of the liquid pipeline is respectively at the bottom of the detection end manifold 4. Since the six liquid pipelines are respectively connected to the outlet end of the sampling end liquid combiner 2, the protein cleaning solution, the air, the A standard solution, the B standard solution, and the electrode activation solution, and the six liquid pipelines are connected to the middle tube at different heights, from top to bottom, they are the blood sample confluence port 41, the A standard solution confluence port 42, the B standard solution confluence port 43, the protein cleaning solution confluence port 44, the electrode activation solution confluence port 45 and the air confluence port 46.

[0072] During the use of the control instrument, the liquid levels of the A standard solution, the B standard solution, the protein cleaning solution, and the electrode activation solution are always maintained at their respective confluence ports, and there is air at the blood sample confluence port 41 and the air confluence port 46. The liquid levels of the A standard solution, the B standard solution, the protein cleaning solution, and the electrode activation solution are "always maintained at the confluence port" in the following manner: at the initial moment, that is, when all the pipelines of the detection end liquid manifold 4 are just connected, the detection end liquid manifold 4 and the pipelines are empty, that is, air. Before use, it is necessary to use a peristaltic pump 6 in conjunction with the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 to extract the A standard solution, B standard solution, protein cleaning solution, and electrode activation solution into the detection end liquid collector 4 in sequence. For each liquid, the detailed absorption process is as follows. Taking the A standard solution as an example, first switch the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 to the A standard, and use the peristaltic pump 6 to absorb. When the A standard solution level exceeds its confluence, it flows out from the detection outlet 48. At this time, stop the peristaltic pump 6 to absorb, and then switch the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 to air, and then absorb. After the absorption is completed, the excess A standard solution exceeding the A standard solution confluence 42 is emptied. Therefore, during the use of the A standard solution, the liquid level is maintained at its confluence, and the same is true for other B standard solutions, protein cleaning solutions, and electrode activation solutions. For the air confluence 46, it is natural that it is always air.

[0073] Only during sampling and testing will the blood sample flow through the blood sample confluence port 41. After the sampling and testing is completed, the blood sample confluence port 41 will be restored to air. As for the "restoration to air" of the blood sample confluence port 41, since the blood sampled each time is different, it is meaningless to keep the blood level at the confluence port. In this way, on the one hand, the blood sample collected is not the latest sample just extracted from the patient's body, and there are errors in the test. On the other hand, the amount of sample collected is too large, which wastes blood. Therefore, only during sampling, the confluence port will briefly flow with a blood sample, and the rest of the time it is air.

[0074] The working principle of the detection end liquid manifold 4 is that when the peristaltic pump 6 needs to absorb a certain liquid, the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 will open the pipeline of the liquid and close the pipelines of other liquids. At this time, the other five detection inlets 47 of the detection end liquid manifold 4 cannot circulate liquid, and only the liquid opened by the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 can enter the detection end liquid manifold 4, completing the purpose of the peristaltic pump 6 absorbing the liquid. If the peristaltic pump 6 needs to absorb another liquid, similarly, only the liquid can enter the detection end liquid manifold 4 under the control of the opening and closing of the detection end rotary clamping valve 3. Through the above behavior, the purpose of merging multiple liquid pipelines into one pipeline and then being absorbed by the peristaltic pump 6 is achieved.

[0075] In this embodiment, the blood sample confluence 41 is closest to the detection outlet 48. When the blood sample is drawn, the blood sample will not flow through other liquid confluences to avoid slight mixing with other liquids, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the blood sample. Standard solution A is the liquid with the highest frequency and amount of absorption during the use of the regulator. Considering that a section of the blood sample confluence 41 is air when the standard solution A is drawn, it is placed at the second closest position to the detection outlet 48 to avoid slight contamination caused by flowing through other confluences, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of standard solution A. Standard solution B is the liquid with the second highest frequency and amount of absorption during the use of the regulator, therefore it is placed at the third closest position to the detection outlet 48. During the absorption process, it only slightly mixes with standard solution A to ensure the effectiveness of standard solution B. Slight mixing of the protein cleaning solution and the electrode activation solution with other liquids will not affect their functions, therefore they are placed at the fourth and fifth positions. Air will not cause slight mixing to any liquid, therefore it is placed at the last position.

[0076] In this embodiment, the liquid combiner is modeled using SolidWorks and manufactured using a light-curing 3D printer. The detection end liquid combiner 4 does not use a design that uses two-way or three-way joints to merge all pipelines into one center. In the process of merging multiple liquids, there will inevitably be a problem of mutual contamination between liquids. The design of longitudinal distribution and alternating merging can reduce the problem of mutual contamination in the process of merging multiple liquids.

[0077] Secondly, since the rotary clamping valve 1 at the sampling end is only connected to blood, protein cleaning solution and air, the confluence of air and the middle tube is the lowest, the confluence of blood and the middle tube is the highest, and the confluence of protein cleaning solution and the middle tube is in the middle.

[0078] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the potassium ion electrode assembly 5 is responsible for completing the core potassium ion detection task in the hemodialysis potassium ion real-time detection and control instrument. Figure 5 As shown, potassium ion electrode assembly 5 comprises mounting frame 51, potassium ion electrode 52, reference electrode 53, grounding end cap 54. Electrode lead is connected with potassium ion electrode 52, reference electrode 53, and is connected with controller. Potassium ion electrode 52 and reference electrode 53 contain 0.8mm capillary line 55 in the horizontal direction inside, the detection outlet 48 of detection end liquid combiner 4 is connected with the left end of capillary line 55, the connection mode is that the detection outlet 48 of detection end liquid combiner 4 and the entrance of electrode module will be plugged with a section of metal tube with an outer diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of silicone tube, only need to plug in silicone tube to realize connection, the right end of capillary line 55 is connected with peristaltic pump 6, and the connection mode is as mentioned above. Adopt PVC ion selective sensitive membrane and flow cell design, measurement is more accurate.

[0079] The grounding end cap 54 is connected with the potassium ion electrode 52 and the reference electrode 53 by bolts to form an electrode group, which is then installed on the mounting frame 51. The outer surface of the mounting frame 51 is affixed with copper foil to shield electromagnetic interference and ensure the stability of the electrode potential reading. A spring-preloaded brass conductive column is installed on the top of the mounting frame 51, which is connected to the potassium ion electrode 52 and the reference electrode 53 and fixed. When the electrode needs to be installed or removed, it is only necessary to lift the electrode group as a whole upward with force and compress the brass conductive column to complete the installation or removal, which is convenient for the replacement and maintenance of the electrode. The grounding end cap 54 in the electrode group can conduct the electrode with the analog ground signal. During the detection process, the potential of the blood sample is pulled to the ground potential to ensure the accuracy of the electrode potential reading.

[0080] The mounting frame 51 of the potassium ion electrode assembly 5 is modeled using SolidWorks and manufactured using a light-curing 3D printer.

[0081] In this embodiment, the sampling end rotary clamping valve 1, the sampling end liquid manifold 2, the detection end rotary clamping valve 3, and the detection end liquid manifold 4 realize the separate control of each liquid pipeline, and can realize the selective absorption of multiple liquids during the entire detection, and the liquid unidirectional circulation does not flow back, which is used to solve the problem of liquid cross contamination in the process of blood potassium detection. The whole structural design is compact, highly integrated, and has strong anti-interference ability and high detection accuracy.

[0082] Embodiment 2:

[0083] This embodiment also discloses a method for real-time detection of potassium ions in hemodialysis, comprising the following steps:

[0084] Step S1: Potassium ion electrode 52 calibration process.

[0085] Purpose of calibration: Because the detection principle of the electrode is to convert the measured potential (that is, the voltage value) into concentration, the coefficients or parameters used in this conversion process will change with the changes in the external environment, so they are not fixed. Therefore, it is necessary to recalibrate the electrode after a period of time or when certain conditions are met. This calibration is actually calculating the coefficients or parameters required for the conversion at this time, so the purpose of calibration is to enable the electrode to detect accurately.

[0086] Specifically, the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively absorbs 200ul of air, and the residual liquid in the pipeline of the detection end liquid collector 4 is emptied; the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to the A standard solution, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively absorbs 100ul of the A standard solution to the potassium ion electrode 52, and the peristaltic pump 6 rotates left and right to flush the potassium ion electrode 52, so that the potassium ion electrode 52 quickly reaches a steady state and performs potential reading;

[0087] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline of the detection end liquid collector 4; the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to the B standard solution, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of B standard solution, and the first 100ul of B standard solution is used to flush the A standard solution remaining in the potassium ion electrode 52, and the last 100ul of B standard solution is used to flush the potassium ion electrode 52 back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode 52 quickly reaches a steady state and performs potential reading, and the potassium ion electrode 52 is calibrated using the known potassium ion concentrations and measured potentials of the A standard solution and the B standard solution, and the slope and intercept of the calibration line are calculated (the conversion relationship from potential to concentration is actually a linear relationship, so two standard solutions are required, and two points determine a straight line);

[0088] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of air to empty the B standard solution in the pipeline of the detection end liquid collector 4; the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to the A standard solution, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of the A standard solution, and the first 100ul of the A standard solution is used to flush the B standard solution remaining in the potassium ion electrode 52, and the last 100ul of the A standard solution is used to flush the potassium ion electrode 52 back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode 52 quickly reaches a steady state and reads the potential, and the potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution is calculated using the potential at this time, and compared with the known amount to ensure the accuracy of the calibration;

[0089] Switch the detection end rotary clamp valve 3 to air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline. This completes the calibration process.

[0090] It should be noted that: A standard solution is usually used first and then B standard solution, because of the two standard solutions available for purchase, A standard solution usually has a much larger volume, such as A bottle is 500ml, B bottle is 250ml, so A can be used more, and at the same time, the concentration of potassium ions in A standard solution is closer to the concentration in human blood, so retesting A standard solution at the end of calibration can be closer to the actual situation. The known amount refers to the potassium ion concentration of A standard solution 4mmol / l, and B is 8mmol / l.

[0091] Step 2: Sampling and testing process. The purpose of this step is to take samples for testing.

[0092] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to the blood sample, the sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 is switched to the air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 800ul of air to exhaust the air in the pipeline from the sampling end to the detection end;

[0093] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to the A standard solution, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 100ul of the A standard solution to the potassium ion electrode 52. The peristaltic pump 6 rotates left and right to flush the potassium ion electrode 52, so that the potassium ion electrode 52 quickly reaches a steady state, and the concentration of the A standard solution before the blood sample is tested is calculated;

[0094] Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 to air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline;

[0095] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to the blood sample, the sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 is switched to the blood, the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively absorbs 60ul of blood, and then the sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 is switched to the air, the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively absorbs 60ul of air, and then the sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 is switched to the blood, the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively absorbs 80ul of blood, and the two-stage sampling is completed. The first 60ul of blood is used to take away the residual liquid in the pipeline to ensure the accuracy of the last 80ul blood sample, and the potassium ion concentration of the blood sample is calculated; the first section of the sample can flush out the residual cleaning fluid in the pipeline, and the second section is cleaner, and the detection accuracy is higher.

[0096] The sampling end rotary clamping valve 1 is switched to the protein cleaning solution, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 100ul of the protein cleaning solution to flush the blood sample remaining in the pipeline;

[0097] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to the A standard solution, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of the A standard solution, and the first 100ul of the A standard solution is used to flush the blood sample remaining in the potassium ion electrode 52, and the second 100ul of the A standard solution is used to flush the potassium ion electrode 52 back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode 52 quickly reaches a steady state and reads the potential, and the potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution at this time is calculated. If the calculated potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution is correct before and after the blood sample is tested, it is considered that the blood sample test is accurate;

[0098] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline. The sampling and detection process is now completed.

[0099] Step 3: Cleaning and activation process.

[0100] After the electrode has been used for a period of time, proteins or other substances in the blood may adhere to the electrode surface, causing the electrode to respond more slowly. Therefore, activation is required to restore the response and clean off the proteins and other impurities attached to the electrode.

[0101] Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve 3 to air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of air to empty the residual liquid in the pipeline;

[0102] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to the electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of the electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution to the electrode, and waits for 120 seconds to allow the liquid to act on the potassium ion electrode 52;

[0103] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to standard solution A, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 500ul of standard solution A to flush out the electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution remaining in the pipeline;

[0104] The detection end rotary clamping valve 3 is switched to air, and the peristaltic pump 6 quantitatively draws 200ul of air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline. This completes the cleaning and activation process.

[0105] In the above sampling and testing process, only a section of the pipeline used to transmit blood before the sampling end liquid manifold needs to be replaced in each test (a section between the blood inlet and the sampling end liquid manifold, Figure 1 Between ab), the use cost can be effectively compressed.

[0106] It should be noted that the above-mentioned absorption amount, time, etc. are all optimal solutions. In actual use, some adaptive changes in these values ​​are all within the protection scope of this implementation.

[0107] This embodiment can efficiently complete the electrode calibration, sampling detection and cleaning and activation processes of the real-time detection process of blood potassium ions, realize the function of real-time detection of potassium ions during hemodialysis, and provide a new idea for the clinical application of potassium ion monitoring process of hemodialysis patients.

[0108] Any content not involved in this embodiment can be adopted from the prior art.

[0109] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time detection and control instrument for potassium ions in hemodialysis, characterized in that: It includes a sampling end rotary clamping valve, a sampling end liquid collector, a detection end rotary clamping valve, a detection end liquid collector, a potassium ion electrode assembly, and a peristaltic pump which are connected in sequence; The sampling end clamping valve and the detection end rotary clamping valve both include a valve cover, a valve core, and a servo. The valve core is rotatably placed in the valve cover, the servo is connected to the valve cover and the output end of the servo is connected to the valve core. The valve cover includes multiple hose channels along the vertical direction, and the valve core includes an opening along the edge. The hose channel is opened only when the opening coincides with the hose channel.

2. The real-time detection and control instrument for hemodialysis potassium ions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve cover includes a lower cover, an upper cover, and a side cover. The upper cover is connected to the top of the lower cover, and a flat circular space is formed between the upper cover and the lower cover. The valve core is placed in the flat circular space, and the hose channel runs through the lower cover, the upper cover and the flat circular space; the side cover connects the lower cover and the side of the upper cover.

3. The real-time detection and control instrument for hemodialysis potassium ions according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of first hose mounting holes are provided along the circumferential direction of the lower cover, and a plurality of second hose mounting holes are provided along the circumferential direction of the upper cover. The first hose mounting holes are aligned with the second hose mounting holes along the axis, and hose inlets are provided on the sides of the first hose mounting holes and the second hose mounting holes. The side cover is an arc-shaped plate, and a plurality of protrusions extend inwardly from the inner side of the arc-shaped plate, and the protrusions are inserted into the hose inlets.

4. The real-time detection and control instrument for hemodialysis potassium ions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening of the valve core is a V-shaped opening, the included angle of the V-shaped opening is greater than 120 degrees, and the inner angle of the V-shaped opening is an arc shape.

5. The real-time detection and control instrument for hemodialysis potassium ions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping valve at the sampling end includes three hose channels, which are respectively connected to blood, protein cleaning solution, and air; The detection end rotary clamping valve includes six hose channels, which are respectively connected to the blood sample, protein cleaning solution, air, A standard solution, B standard solution, and electrode activation solution from the sampling end liquid manifold 2.

6. The real-time detection and control instrument for hemodialysis potassium ions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling end liquid combiner and the detection end liquid combiner both include an intermediate tube and a plurality of liquid pipelines, the top end of the intermediate tube is an outlet, the bottom ends of the plurality of liquid pipelines are arranged at the bottom of the sampling end liquid combiner and the detection end liquid combiner, the top ends of the liquid pipelines merge with the intermediate tube, and the merging points of the liquid pipelines and the intermediate tube are staggered along the height direction of the intermediate tube.

7. The real-time detection and control instrument for hemodialysis potassium ions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sampling end liquid manifold comprises an intermediate tube and three liquid pipelines, and the confluences of the three liquid pipelines and the intermediate tube are, from top to bottom, a blood confluence, a protein cleaning liquid confluence, and an air confluence; The detection end liquid manifold includes an intermediate tube and six liquid pipelines, and the confluence of the six liquid pipelines and the intermediate tube is, from top to bottom, a blood sample confluence port, an A standard solution confluence port, a B standard solution confluence port, a protein cleaning solution confluence port, an electrode activation solution confluence port and an air confluence port.

8. The hemodialysis potassium ion real-time detection and control instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potassium ion electrode assembly comprises a mounting frame, a potassium ion electrode, a reference electrode, and a grounding end cap. The potassium ion electrode and the reference electrode are arranged side by side, and the potassium ion electrode is installed on the mounting frame after being connected to the grounding end cap. Capillaries are provided inside the potassium ion electrode and the reference electrode, and both ends of the capillary are respectively connected to a detection end liquid collector and a peristaltic pump.

9. A real-time detection method for potassium ions in hemodialysis, characterized in that: The hemodialysis potassium ion real-time detection and control device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: Step S1: Calibration through a potassium ion electrode assembly; Step S2: sampling and testing process; Step S3: cleaning and activation process.

10. The method for real-time detection of potassium ions in hemodialysis according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V1 air to empty the residual liquid in the detection end liquid collector pipeline; switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to A standard solution, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V2A standard solution to the potassium ion electrode, and flushes the potassium ion electrode; The rotary clamping valve at the detection end is switched to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V1 air to empty the A standard solution in the test end manifold pipeline; the rotary clamping valve at the detection end is switched to B standard solution, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V3B standard solution, and the front V3 / 2B standard solution is used to flush the A standard solution remaining in the potassium ion electrode, and the rear V3 / 2B standard solution is used to flush the potassium ion electrode back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode quickly reaches a steady state and reads the potential, and the potassium ion electrode is calibrated using the known potassium ion concentrations and measurement potentials of the A standard solution and the B standard solution, and the slope and intercept of the calibration line are calculated; Switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to air, use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V1 air, and empty the B standard solution in the test end manifold pipeline; switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to A standard solution, use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V3A standard solution, use the front V3 / 2A standard solution to flush the B standard solution remaining in the potassium ion electrode, and use the rear V3 / 2A standard solution to flush the potassium ion electrode back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode quickly reaches a steady state and reads the potential, use the potential at this time to calculate the potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution, and compare it with the known amount to ensure the accuracy of the calibration; Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V1 air to empty the A standard liquid in the pipeline, thus completing the calibration process; Step S2: The detection end rotary clamping valve is switched to the blood sample, the sampling end rotary clamping valve is switched to the air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V4 air to exhaust the air in the pipeline from the sampling end to the detection end; Switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to the A standard solution, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V5A standard solution to the potassium ion electrode, and flush the potassium ion electrode to make the potassium ion electrode quickly reach a steady state, and calculate the concentration of A standard solution before the blood sample is tested; switch the rotary clamping valve at the detection end to the air, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively draw V1 air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline; The detection end rotary clamping valve is switched to the blood sample, the sampling end rotary clamping valve is switched to the blood, the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws blood from V6, and then the sampling end rotary clamping valve is switched to the air, the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws air from V7, and then the sampling end rotary clamping valve is switched to the blood, the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws blood from V8, completing the two-stage sampling, using the front V6 blood to take away the residual liquid in the pipeline, ensuring the accuracy of the rear V8 blood sample, and calculating the potassium ion concentration of the blood sample; The rotary clamping valve at the sampling end is switched to the protein cleaning solution, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws the V9 protein cleaning solution to flush the residual blood sample in the pipeline; Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to standard solution A, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively draws V 10 A standard solution, before use V 10 / 2A standard solution is used to flush the blood sample remaining in the potassium ion electrode, and then V 10 / 2A standard solution is used to flush the potassium ion electrode back and forth, so that the potassium ion electrode quickly reaches a steady state and reads the potential, and the potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution at this time is calculated. If the calculated potassium ion concentration of the A standard solution is correct before and after the blood sample is tested, it is considered that the blood sample test is accurate; Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V1 air to empty the A standard liquid in the pipeline, thus completing the sampling and testing process; Step S3: Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V1 air to empty the residual liquid in the pipeline; switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V 11 Add electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution to the electrode and wait for at least 100 seconds; switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to A standard solution, and use the peristaltic pump to quantitatively absorb V 12 A standard solution, flush out the residual electrode activation solution or protein cleaning solution in the pipeline; Switch the detection end rotary clamping valve to air, and the peristaltic pump quantitatively absorbs V1 air to empty the A standard solution in the pipeline, thus completing the cleaning and activation process.

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