Rapid normal vector alignment device for assisting manual drilling and use method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation aircraft component machining, and discloses a normal vector rapid alignment device assisting manual hole forming and a using method. The normal vector quick alignment device comprises a distance sensing mechanism, a central control mechanism and a normal vector alignment execution mechanism; wherein the distance sensing mechanism is mounted on the inner circumference of the front end surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device main body, and is responsible for collecting distance parameters from a laser distance measuring sensor to a corresponding point position of a curved surface and transmitting the distance parameters to the central control mechanism; the central control mechanism is installed at the bottom end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body and is responsible for receiving and processing corresponding parameters, solving projection point coordinates, a curved surface normal vector, cutter feeding direction deviation and the target length of the electric telescopic rod and transmitting the target length of the electric telescopic rod into the normal vector alignment executing mechanism. The normal vector alignment executing mechanism is installed on the outer side circumference of the front end of the rapid normal vector alignment device body, and an electric telescopic rod is driven by a servo motor to extend to the target length to achieve rapid normal vector alignment of the curved surface component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation vehicle component processing, and relates to a normal vector rapid alignment device for assisting manual hole making and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's aviation industry, the importance of the aircraft manufacturing field has increased significantly. In the manufacturing process of aircraft components, tens of thousands of high-quality connecting holes need to be processed to achieve high-precision assembly with other components. The verticality of hole making is one of the key factors affecting the quality of hole making, which is directly related to the performance and service life of the aircraft. For aircraft components with complex structures and limited processing space, large machine tools, robotic arms and other CNC equipment are difficult to meet the actual processing needs. Therefore, the method of manual hole making using a handheld drill is still difficult to be completely replaced. However, due to the technical maturity of the operator and other reasons, it is difficult to accurately and quickly perform normal vector alignment during manual hole making, and the vertical accuracy requirements of hole making cannot be met, which can easily cause assembly stress concentration and affect the service performance and service life of the component. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a normal vector quick alignment device to assist manual hole making.

[0003] In engineering practice, in order to solve the problem of low manual hole-making accuracy of aircraft components, domestic and foreign researchers currently mainly choose to install a normal vector auxiliary alignment device in front of the handheld drill to improve the hole-making quality and vertical accuracy of the components to be processed. Li Jinzhong and others from Chengdu Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. invented a hole-making drill cup with patent number CN201520826511.9. The invention uses drill sleeves and cup holders with different apertures to achieve rapid normal vector alignment of planar components. However, its scope of use is limited and it is only applicable to the alignment of planar components, not to the alignment of curved components. Hu Xiangfeng and others from the 38th Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation invented a pneumatic drill that can assist in adjusting the accuracy of drilling posture. The patent number is CN201911081452.6. The invention improves the vertical accuracy of hole-making by installing a detachable grooved collar and a horizontal level gauge on the pneumatic drill. However, it is limited by the working scenario and is only applicable to the alignment of horizontal and vertical surfaces. It cannot perform adaptive alignment on inclined and curved surfaces.

[0004] In summary, in order to improve the processing quality and efficiency of manual hole making in composite components, it is urgent to develop a normal vector rapid alignment device to assist manual hole making in order to solve the problems of difficulty in normal vector alignment and poor hole making accuracy during the hole making process of hand-held drills. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims at the problem of low vertical precision of hole making caused by difficulty in normal vector alignment when making holes manually in aircraft components, and invents a device for quick normal vector alignment to assist manual hole making. The distance sensing mechanism realizes the surface parameter measurement function through a laser distance sensor and an angle adjuster, etc., the normal vector alignment actuator realizes the normal vector alignment function of different curved surface components through an electric telescopic rod, etc., and the central control mechanism realizes the digital control function of the device through a single-chip microcomputer, an indicator light, etc., which together constitute a solution for quick and accurate normal vector alignment of curved surface components.

[0006] Technical solution of the present invention

[0007] A normal vector quick alignment device for assisting manual hole making, comprising a distance sensing mechanism A1, a central control mechanism A2 and a normal vector alignment actuator A3; wherein the distance sensing mechanism A1 is installed on the inner circumference of the front end surface of a main body A of the normal vector quick alignment device, and is responsible for collecting distance parameters from a laser distance measuring sensor A101 to a corresponding point on the curved surface and transmitting the distance parameters to the central control mechanism A2; the central control mechanism A2 is installed on the bottom end of the main body A of the normal vector quick alignment device, and is responsible for receiving and processing corresponding parameters, solving the projection point coordinates, the curved surface normal vector, the tool feed direction deviation and the target length of the electric telescopic rod, and transmitting the target length of the electric telescopic rod to the normal vector alignment actuator A3; the normal vector alignment actuator A3 is installed on the outer circumference of the front end of the main body A of the normal vector quick alignment device, and drives the electric telescopic rod to extend to the target length through a servo motor to realize the quick normal vector alignment of the curved surface component;

[0008] The distance sensing mechanism A1 includes a laser distance sensor A101 and an angle adjuster; the angle adjuster includes an angle adjustment inner gear A102, a center axis A103, an angle adjustment outer gear A104 and an adjustment handle A105; the laser distance sensor A101 is embedded in a reserved groove at the top of the angle adjustment inner gear A102 through a screw, and the angle adjustment inner gear A102 and the angle adjustment outer gear A104 are connected through the center axis A103; the adjustment handle A105 is installed at the tail end of the center axis A103 through a plug screw; four laser distance sensors A101 respectively measure the distance between the corresponding projection point on the curved surface and the laser distance sensor A101, so as to realize the rapid measurement of the geometric parameters of the curved surface;

[0009] The central control mechanism A2 includes an indicator light A201, a serial port screen A202, a switch A203, a single-chip microcomputer A204 and a lithium battery A205; the indicator light A201 and the serial port screen A202 are installed on the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, and are responsible for displaying the operating status and related parameters of the normal vector rapid alignment device; the switch A203 is embedded in the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, and is responsible for controlling the start and stop of the normal vector rapid alignment device; the single-chip microcomputer A204 and the lithium battery A205 are fixed inside the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, the lithium battery A205 is responsible for supplying power to the normal vector rapid alignment device, and the single-chip microcomputer A204 is responsible for receiving and processing the signal sent back by the distance sensor mechanism A1, and calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the projection point on the surface, the surface normal vector and the target length of the electric telescopic rod;

[0010] The normal vector alignment actuator A3 includes a normal vector alignment positioning claw A301, an electric telescopic rod A302 and a servo motor A303; the electric telescopic rod A302 is fixed to the groove reserved at the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A by a hexagon socket screw, the servo motor A303 is placed inside the electric telescopic rod A302, and the normal vector alignment positioning claw A301 is connected to the front end ring of the electric telescopic rod A302 by a plug screw; according to the parameters measured by the distance sensing mechanism A1 and the target length of the electric telescopic rod calculated by the central control mechanism A3, the three electric telescopic rods A302 are respectively extended to the preset target length under the drive of the servo motor A303, and the feed direction of the hole-making tool is adjusted and corrected by the length difference of the three electric telescopic rods A302, so that the difference between the feed direction of the hole-making tool and the surface normal vector is less than the allowable error range, thereby realizing the normal vector alignment of the curved surface component.

[0011] The angle adjustment inner gear A102 and the angle adjustment outer gear A103 both have 24 teeth, and the two mesh with each other, so that the laser ranging sensor A101 meets the inclination adjustment range of 15n°, 0≤n≤6.

[0012] The indicator light A201 is yellow when it is in working state, green when the angle difference is less than 0.5°, and red when the angle difference exceeds the tolerance.

[0013] A method for using a normal vector quick alignment device for assisting manual hole making is as follows:

[0014] Step 1: Connect the normal vector quick alignment device to sleeve B, and further connect it to the handheld drill C;

[0015] Step 2: Keep the electric telescopic rod A302 at the original length, fit the normal vector alignment positioning claw A301 at the front end tightly onto the surface to be drilled, adjust the four laser distance measuring sensors A101 to the appropriate angle, and complete the preparation work before normal vector alignment;

[0016] Step 3: Turn on the switch A203, the indicator light A201 lights up and turns yellow, indicating that the device is performing normal alignment, and the four laser distance measuring sensors A101 start working to collect the distance of the corresponding projection point of the laser distance measuring sensor A101 on the curved surface, and transmit the collected data to the single chip computer A204 to obtain the coordinates of the projection point;

[0017] Step 4: The single chip computer A204 calculates the normal vector of the surface to be drilled, and compares it with the feeding direction of the drilling tool when the electric telescopic rod A302 is at the original length position, and obtains the target length of the three electric telescopic rods A302 according to the difference between the two;

[0018] Step 5: The servo motor A303 drives the three electric telescopic rods A302 to extend to the target length respectively, adjusts and corrects the feed direction of the hole-making tool, so that the difference between the feed direction of the hole-making tool and the surface normal vector is less than the error range, and the surface normal vector is quickly aligned;

[0019] Step 6: After the length adjustment of the electric telescopic rod A302 is completed, the laser distance sensor A101 measures the angle difference between the surface normal vector and the feeding direction of the hole-making tool again. When the angle difference is less than 0.5°, the indicator light A201 turns green, indicating that the device has completed the normal vector alignment; if the angle difference is still greater than the allowable error range, the indicator light A201 turns red, and the device will re-align the normal vector;

[0020] Step 7: After observing that the indicator light A201 turns green, the operator pushes the pneumatic handheld drill C along the axial direction of the inner and outer connecting sleeves B. The cutter head of the handheld drill C feeds along the normal vector of the curved surface and drills the surface of the component to be drilled, thereby achieving high-precision drilling of the curved surface component.

[0021] The beneficial effect of the present invention is to provide a device for quickly aligning the normal vector to assist manual hole making. The geometric parameters of the curved surface component are quickly measured by a distance measuring sensor; the angle adjustment device drives the laser distance measuring sensor to achieve inclination adjustment according to the accuracy requirements and algorithm requirements derived under different working conditions; the surface normal vector, the tool feed direction deviation and the target length of the electric telescopic rod are accurately calculated by the central control mechanism, and the feed direction of the device and the hole making tool is adjusted and corrected by the length difference of the three electric telescopic rods, so as to achieve fast and accurate normal vector alignment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The utility model is a device for quickly aligning the normal vector to assist manual hole making.

[0023] Figure 2 Exploded diagram of the central control mechanism and the actuator for normal vector identification.

[0024] Figure 3 This is an exploded diagram of the distance sensor mechanism.

[0025] In the figure: A-main body of the normal vector quick alignment device, B-internal and external connecting sleeves, C-handheld drill, A1-distance sensing mechanism, A2-central control mechanism, A3-normal vector alignment actuator, A101-laser distance sensor, A102-angle adjustment inner gear, A103-center axis, A104-angle adjustment outer gear, A105-adjustment handle, A201-indicator light, A202-serial port screen, A203-switch, A204-single chip microcomputer, A205-lithium battery, A301-normal vector alignment positioning claw, A302-electric telescopic rod, A303-servo motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0027] The distance sensing mechanism A1 is installed on the inner circumference of the front end surface of the body A of the normal vector rapid alignment device. The laser distance sensor A101 is embedded in the reserved groove at the top of the angle adjustment inner gear A102. The angle adjustment inner gear A102 is connected to the angle adjustment outer gear A104 through the central axis A103. The adjustment handle A105 is connected to the tail end of the central axis A103 through a Seda screw. The central control mechanism A2 is installed at the bottom of the body A of the normal vector rapid alignment device. The indicator light A201 and the serial port screen A202 are installed on the side surface of the body A of the normal vector rapid alignment device through screws. A switch A203 is embedded in the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, and a single-chip computer A204 and a lithium battery A205 are fixed inside the normal vector rapid alignment device body A by screws; a normal vector alignment actuator A3 is installed on the outer circumference of the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, an electric telescopic rod A302 is fixed in a reserved groove at the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A by screws, a servo motor A303 is placed inside the electric telescopic rod A302, and a normal vector alignment positioning claw A301 is connected to the front end ring of the electric telescopic rod A302 by a plug screw.

[0028] In actual use, a hand-held drill is selected according to the specific processing conditions, so that the hand-held drill C is matched with the inner and outer connecting sleeves B of the device. For drilling holes in planar components, it is only necessary to keep the electric telescopic rod A302 at its original length and fit the normal vector alignment positioning claw A301 at the front end tightly on the plane to be drilled to complete the normal vector alignment; for drilling holes in curved components, first keep the electric telescopic rod A302 at its original length, fit the normal vector alignment positioning claw A301 at the front end tightly on the curved surface to be drilled, adjust the four laser ranging sensors A101 to the corresponding angles, and complete the preparations before normal vector alignment. Then start the device switch, and the four laser ranging sensors A101 start working, respectively measuring the distance between the sensor and its corresponding projection point on the curved surface, and transmit the measured parameters to the single-chip microcomputer A204, so as to obtain the coordinates of the four projection points corresponding to the four sensors. By dividing each three projection points into a group and performing a plane normal vector calculation, the four projection point coordinates are divided into four groups to obtain four plane normal vectors, and the average value is taken to obtain the surface normal vector of the hole to be drilled. The result is compared with the feeding direction of the hole-making tool, and the target lengths of the three electric telescopic rods A302 are calculated according to the feeding direction deviation of the hole-making tool. The servo motor drives the electric telescopic rod A302 to the target length and then locks it. By controlling the three electric telescopic rods A302 to different lengths, the difference between the feeding direction of the hole-making tool and the surface normal vector is made less than the error range, so as to achieve the processing requirements of fast and accurate alignment of the normal vector. After the length of the electric telescopic rod A302 is adjusted, the laser rangefinder sensor measures the angle difference between the surface normal vector and the feeding direction of the hole-making tool again. After determining that it is within the error range, the control device status indicator A201 turns green, indicating that the normal vector alignment has been completed.

[0029] After the operator observes that the green indicator light is on, he pushes the handheld drill C along the axial direction of the inner and outer connecting sleeves B. The hole-making tool mounted on the handheld drill will drill the surface of the component to be drilled along the normal vector of the curved surface. The verticality of the hole made is high and the quality is good. The distance sensing mechanism, central control mechanism, and normal vector alignment actuator proposed in the present invention can be modified in many ways. In short, all modifications that do not depart from the innovative scope of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for quickly aligning a normal vector to assist manual hole making, characterized in that: The normal vector quick alignment device comprises a distance sensing mechanism (A1), a central control mechanism (A2) and a normal vector alignment actuator (A3); wherein the distance sensing mechanism (A1) is installed on the inner circumference of the front end surface of the normal vector quick alignment device body (A), and is responsible for collecting the distance parameters from the laser distance measuring sensor (A101) to the corresponding point on the curved surface and transmitting the distance parameters to the central control mechanism (A2); the central control mechanism (A2) is installed on the bottom end of the normal vector quick alignment device body (A), and is responsible for receiving and processing the corresponding parameters, solving the projection point coordinates, the curved surface normal vector, the tool feed direction deviation and the target length of the electric telescopic rod, and transmitting the target length of the electric telescopic rod to the normal vector alignment actuator (A3); the normal vector alignment actuator (A3) is installed on the outer circumference of the front end of the normal vector quick alignment device body (A), and drives the electric telescopic rod to extend to the target length through a servo motor to realize the rapid normal vector alignment of the curved surface component; The distance sensing mechanism (A1) comprises a laser distance sensor (A101) and an angle adjuster; the angle adjuster comprises an angle adjustment inner gear (A102), a center shaft (A103), an angle adjustment outer gear (A104) and an adjustment handle (A105); the laser distance sensor (A101) is embedded in a reserved groove at the top of the angle adjustment inner gear (A102) by means of screws, and the angle adjustment inner gear (A102) and the angle adjustment outer gear (A104) are connected by means of the center shaft (A103); the adjustment handle (A105) is installed at the rear end of the center shaft (A103) by means of a screw; four laser distance sensors (A101) respectively measure the distance between the corresponding projection points on the curved surface and the laser distance sensors (A101), thereby realizing rapid measurement of the geometric parameters of the curved surface; The central control mechanism (A2) comprises an indicator light (A201), a serial port screen (A202), a switch (A203), a single chip microcomputer (A204) and a lithium battery (A205); the indicator light (A201) and the serial port screen (A202) are installed on the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), and are responsible for displaying the operating status and related parameters of the normal vector rapid alignment device; the switch (A203) is embedded in the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), and is responsible for controlling the start and stop of the normal vector rapid alignment device; the single chip microcomputer (A204) and the lithium battery (A205) are fixed inside the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), the lithium battery (A205) is responsible for supplying power to the normal vector rapid alignment device, and the single chip microcomputer (A204) is responsible for receiving and processing the signal sent back by the distance sensing mechanism (A1), and calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the projection point on the curved surface, the curved surface normal vector and the target length of the electric telescopic rod; The normal vector alignment actuator (A3) comprises a normal vector alignment positioning claw (A301), an electric telescopic rod (A302) and a servo motor (A303); the electric telescopic rod (A302) is fixed in a groove reserved at the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A) by means of an inner hexagon screw, the servo motor (A303) is arranged inside the electric telescopic rod (A302), and the normal vector alignment positioning claw (A301) is connected to the front end ring of the electric telescopic rod (A302) by means of a plug screw; according to the parameters measured by the distance sensing mechanism (A1) and the target length of the electric telescopic rod calculated by the central control mechanism (A3), the three electric telescopic rods (A302) are respectively extended to a preset target length under the drive of the servo motor (A303), and the feed direction of the hole-making tool is adjusted and corrected by means of the length difference of the three electric telescopic rods (A302), so that the difference between the feed direction of the hole-making tool and the normal vector of the curved surface is less than the allowable error range, thereby realizing the normal vector alignment of the curved surface component.

2. The device for quickly aligning the normal vector of the auxiliary manual hole making according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle adjustment inner gear (A102) and the angle adjustment outer gear (A103) both have 24 teeth, and the two mesh with each other, so that the laser ranging sensor (A101) meets the inclination adjustment range of 15n°, 0≤n≤6.

3. The device for quickly aligning the normal vector of the auxiliary manual hole making according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The indicator light (A201) is yellow when it is in working state, green when the angle difference is less than 0.5°, and red when the angle difference exceeds the tolerance.

4. A method for using a normal vector quick alignment device for assisting manual hole making, characterized in that: The details are as follows: Step 1: Connect the normal vector quick alignment device to the sleeve (B), and further connect it to the handheld drill (C); Step 2: Keep the electric telescopic rod (A302) at the original length, fit the normal vector alignment positioning claw (A301) at the front end tightly onto the surface to be drilled, adjust the four laser distance measuring sensors (A101) to the appropriate angle, and complete the preparation work before normal vector alignment; Step 3: Start the switch (A203), the indicator light (A201) lights up yellow, indicating that the device is performing normal vector alignment, and the four laser distance sensors (A101) start working to collect the distance of the laser distance sensor (A101) corresponding to the projection point on the curved surface, and transmit the collected data to the single chip microcomputer (A204) to obtain the coordinates of the projection point; Step 4: The single chip computer (A204) calculates the normal vector of the surface to be drilled, and compares it with the feeding direction of the drilling tool when the electric telescopic rod (A302) is at the original length position, and obtains the target lengths of the three electric telescopic rods (A302) according to the difference between the two; Step 5: The servo motor (A303) drives the three electric telescopic rods (A302) to extend to the target length respectively, and adjusts and corrects the feed direction of the hole-making tool so that the difference between the feed direction of the hole-making tool and the surface normal vector is less than the error range, thereby realizing rapid alignment of the surface normal vector; Step 6: After the length adjustment of the electric telescopic rod (A302) is completed, the laser distance sensor (A101) measures the angle difference between the surface normal vector and the feeding direction of the hole-making tool again. When the angle difference is less than 0.5°, the indicator light (A201) turns green, indicating that the device has completed the normal vector alignment; if the angle difference is still greater than the allowable error range, the indicator light (A201) turns red, and the device will re-align the normal vector; Step 7: After observing that the indicator light (A201) turns green, the operator pushes the pneumatic handheld drill (C) along the axial direction of the inner and outer connecting sleeves (B). The handheld drill (C) head feeds along the normal vector of the curved surface and drills the surface of the component to be drilled, thereby achieving high-precision drilling of the curved surface component.

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