Substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture as well as preparation method and application of substrate improvement tablet

Abstract

The invention provides a substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. The substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture, provided by the invention, comprises a strong oxidant, an organic additive and a bonding slow-release agent which are compounded to prepare the tablet for improving the substrate for aquaculture, and the strong oxidant is used for quickly oxidizing reductive harmful substances in a water body; the organic additive is used as a polydentate ligand and a colloid bridging agent to improve the removal efficiency through complexation, adsorption and flocculation, and the bonding sustained-release agent constructs a sustained-release system and regulates the disintegration rate of the tablet in a water body. The substrate improved tablet for aquaculture provided by the invention has the advantages of strong oxidation and sterilization capabilities, adsorption and purification effects, substrate structure improvement, heavy metal ion chelation, stability, long-term effect and the like, and provides healthier and safer growth conditions for bred animals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular to a substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] During aquaculture, a large amount of organic matter such as leftover bait, feces, and dead organisms easily accumulates in the water. The accumulation of these organic sludges causes serious pollution to the water, pond bottom, and the surrounding environment of aquaculture. These substances consume oxygen in the water during decomposition, and produce harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, which are toxic to aquatic animals. At the same time, the deterioration of water quality will also affect the balance of aquatic ecosystems, increase the incidence of diseases, and reduce aquaculture benefits.

[0003] Water bottom conditioners are used to improve and optimize the ecological environment of aquaculture bottom. According to the principle of action and source, water bottom conditioners are divided into three categories: physically active conditioners, chemically active conditioners and microecological preparations.

[0004] Physically active modifiers usually have the characteristics of large surface area and many pores. They rely on strong adsorption to adsorb toxic and harmful substances. Commonly used in aquaculture are zeolite powder, medical stone, activated carbon, oyster shells, etc. However, physically active modifiers only concentrate harmful substances and adsorb harmful substances in the water body to the surface or pores of the materials. They do not really change the properties of these substances or remove them from the water body. Therefore, when these adsorbent materials are saturated, they may release harmful substances into the water body again; and because the adsorbed materials will eventually settle to the bottom of the pool, they may also aggravate the odor and pollution at the bottom of the pool.

[0005] Chemically active improvers are represented by various ion exchangers, complexing agents, flocculants, oxidants, etc. Their mechanism of action is to degrade harmful substances in water bodies into compounds without secondary pollution through chemical reactions such as oxidation-reduction, complexation, flocculation, and ion exchange, thereby achieving the effect of improving water quality and bottom quality. Commonly used in aquaculture are calcium peroxide, alum, etc. However, existing chemically active improvers may cause certain irritation to aquatic animals during use, and may also destroy the ecological balance in the water body, leaving residues in the water body, which may cause long-term potential harm to aquatic animals.

[0006] Microecological preparations are the most common type of water body bottom improvers. They are a type of preparations made from live beneficial microorganisms or their growth factors. They can degrade organic matter, decompose corrupt sediments, sludge and excess bait in the water at the bottom of the pond, thereby reducing chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand, and increasing dissolved oxygen decomposition in the water; use harmful substances to synthesize beneficial substances such as sugars, amino acids, vitamins, etc., to avoid the toxic effects of harmful substances on fish and shrimp in the aquaculture water; stabilize the pH value of the water body, avoid the harm of pH value changes to fish and shrimp, and enhance the anti-stress response ability and endurance of fish and shrimp; inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, and inhibit the growth and reproduction of other harmful microorganisms by competing for nutrition, space and secreting biologically active substances, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases in aquaculture. Commonly used microecological preparations in aquaculture include photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, nitrifying bacteria, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and EM bacteria (beneficial microbial flora). However, microecological preparations usually take a long time to show significant effects, because they rely on the growth and reproduction of microorganisms to gradually decompose organic matter in the water. And their effects are affected by a variety of environmental factors such as water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen content, etc. In the case of poor environmental conditions, the growth and reproduction of microorganisms may be restricted, thus affecting the effect of bottom improvement. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture and a preparation method and application thereof, aiming to solve the problems existing in the existing water substrate improvers.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture, which comprises, by mass percentage, 20%-50% of a strong oxidant, 45%-75% of an organic additive and 1%-5% of a bonding slow-release agent.

[0009] In some embodiments, the strong oxidant is selected from potassium permanganate; the organic additive is selected from at least one of sodium humate, sodium fulvic acid, sodium alginate and biochar; the binding slow-release agent is selected from at least one of magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc distearate, polyethylene wax and talc.

[0010] In some embodiments, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 45%-75% sodium humate and 1%-5% magnesium stearate;

[0011] Optionally, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 30%-50% potassium permanganate, 45%-65% sodium humate and 5% magnesium stearate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the present invention further comprises, by mass percentage, 5%-20% of an ion bridge substance and 5%-50% of a polysilicic acid substance.

[0013] In some embodiments, the ion bridge material is selected from at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, dolomite powder, and sodium sulfate; the polysilicate material is selected from at least one of calcium polysilicate, sodium aluminum polysilicate, magnesium silicate, sodium fluorosilicate, calcium silicate, and sodium silicate.

[0014] In some embodiments, the invention further comprises, by mass percentage: 5%-20% magnesium sulfate and 5%-50% sodium silicate.

[0015] In some embodiments, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 30%-65% sodium humate, 1%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-20% magnesium sulfate and 5%-50% sodium silicate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 30%-50% sodium humate, 1%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-10% magnesium sulfate and 5%-40% sodium silicate;

[0017] Optionally, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 35%-40% potassium permanganate, 40%-50% sodium humate, 3%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-10% magnesium sulfate and 5%-12% sodium silicate.

[0018] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture, comprising: mixing the raw materials in proportion, and using a tablet press to press them into round or oval tablets with a diameter of 5-20 mm and a thickness of 2-10 mm.

[0019] The present application also provides the use of the above-mentioned substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture in aquaculture.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include:

[0021] The substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture provided by the present application include a strong oxidant, an organic additive and a bonding slow-release agent, which are compounded into tablets for use in aquaculture substrate improvement. The strong oxidant is used to quickly oxidize reducing harmful substances in the water body, the organic additive is used as a multidentate ligand and a colloidal bridging agent to improve the removal efficiency through complexation, adsorption and flocculation, and the bonding slow-release agent constructs a slow-release system and regulates the disintegration rate of the tablets in the water body. The substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture provided by the present application have the advantages of strong oxidation and sterilization ability, adsorption and purification effect, improvement of substrate structure, chelation of heavy metal ions, stability and long-term effect, etc., providing healthier and safer growth conditions for farmed animals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] As used herein:

[0023] "Prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising." As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the listed elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0024] The conjunction "consisting of excludes any unspecified element, step, or component. If used in a claim, this phrase renders the claim closed-ended so that it does not include materials other than those described, except for conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of" appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following the subject matter, it limits only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0025] When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper preferred values ​​and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pairing of any range upper limit or preferred value with any range lower limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed separately. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", etc. When a numerical range is described in this article, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its end values ​​and all integers and fractions within the range.

[0026] In these examples, parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.

[0027] "Parts by mass" refers to the basic unit of measurement for expressing the mass ratio of multiple components. 1 part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that the mass of component A is a parts and the mass of component B is b parts, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it means that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is bK (K is an arbitrary number, indicating a multiple factor). It should not be misunderstood that, unlike the mass parts, the sum of the mass of all components is not limited to 100 parts.

[0028] "And / or" is used to indicate that one or both of the stated situations may occur, for example, A and / or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).

[0029] The present application provides a substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture, which comprises, by mass percentage, 20%-50% of a strong oxidant, 45%-75% of an organic additive and 1%-5% of a bonding slow-release agent.

[0030] The substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture provided by the present application include a strong oxidant, an organic additive and a bonding slow-release agent, which are compounded into tablets for use in aquaculture substrate improvement. The strong oxidant is used to quickly oxidize reducing harmful substances in the water body, significantly reducing the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, COD and hydrogen sulfide. The organic additives are multidentate ligands and colloidal bridging agents. The removal efficiency is improved through complexation, adsorption and flocculation, further removing harmful substances and enhancing the overall purification effect. The bonding slow-release agent constructs a slow-release system and regulates the disintegration rate of the tablets in the water body. The substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture provided by the present application have the advantages of strong oxidation and sterilization ability, adsorption and purification effect, improvement of substrate structure, chelation of heavy metal ions, stability and long-term effect, etc., providing healthier and safer growth conditions for farmed animals.

[0031] The substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture provided in this application are in tablet form, which are convenient for fixed-point placement at the bottom of the water body, can achieve slow release and lasting effect, and are suitable for various aquaculture modes (such as pond farming, cage farming, etc.). Each component is a common industrial or agricultural raw material, which is relatively cheap and widely available, and has good economic and promotion value.

[0032] The mass percentage of the strong oxidant may be, for example, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50% or any value between 20% and 50%, and the mass percentage of the organic additive may be, for example, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, or any value between 20% and 50%. The mass percentage of the bonding sustained-release agent can be, for example, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75% or any value between 45% and 75%. The mass percentage of the bonding sustained-release agent can be, for example, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% or any value between 1% and 5%.

[0033] In some embodiments, the strong oxidant is selected from potassium permanganate. As a strong oxidant, potassium permanganate can rapidly oxidize organic matter in water, including organic matter in sediment. Through oxidation, potassium permanganate can reduce the organic matter content in sediment, reduce the oxygen consumption generated by the decomposition of organic matter, thereby improving the bottom environment, which helps to reduce the anaerobic environment in the sediment and reduce the production of harmful substances, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, etc. The strong oxidizing property of potassium permanganate also makes it have the effect of sterilization and disinfection. It can kill or inhibit harmful microorganisms in sediment and water bodies, such as bacteria, fungi, etc., thereby reducing the incidence of diseases in aquatic organisms. By reducing the number of pathogens, potassium permanganate helps to maintain the ecological balance of aquaculture water bodies and ensure the healthy growth of aquatic organisms. Potassium permanganate releases primary ecological oxygen in water, which can combine with water molecules to increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water body. At the same time, potassium permanganate can also oxidize harmful substances in water, such as nitrite, sulfide, etc., to further improve water quality. The increase in dissolved oxygen and the reduction of harmful substances help to create an environment more suitable for the growth of aquatic organisms. Potassium permanganate also improves the bottom soil by promoting the growth of benthic organisms. By improving the bottom soil environment and water quality, potassium permanganate provides more suitable living conditions for benthic organisms. The growth and reproduction of benthic organisms help maintain the ecological balance of aquaculture waters and improve the self-purification capacity of water bodies.

[0034] In aqueous solution, potassium permanganate is mainly present as MnO 4 - It is usually regarded as a strong oxidant with a positive standard electrode potential. 4 - To Mn 2+ The standard electrode potential of MnO is as high as E0 = +1.51V; under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, 4 - Often reduced to MnO 2 or Mn 4+ The specific reaction path is related to the pH of the water and the coordination environment (such as the presence of humic acid and silicate). When the pH of the water is high or there is a buffer system, potassium permanganate is more likely to produce MnO, which is more active. 4 - Free radical intermediates, MnO may also be precipitated 2 Colloidal particles.

[0035] Ammonia nitrogen oxidation mechanism: Under moderate oxidation conditions, potassium permanganate can convert NH 4 + Gradually oxidized to NO 2 - or NO 3 - However, it is difficult to achieve continuous and efficient oxidation of ammonia nitrogen to NO 3- Usually it is necessary to supplement sufficient oxidizing equivalents, as well as reasonable pH and temperature conditions.

[0036] Nitrite oxidation mechanism: On the one hand, nitrite was removed, and on the other hand, MnO 4 - In actual systems, NO or N 2 etc., but most of them are unstable in water and will be further transformed.

[0037] Hydrogen sulfide oxidation mechanism: H 2 S or HS - In MnO 4 - In the presence of 4 2- or elemental sulfur (S), accompanied by MnO 4 - Reduction to MnO 2 Formation of precipitation.

[0038] In some embodiments, the organic additive is selected from at least one of sodium humate, sodium fulvic acid, sodium alginate and biochar; optionally, the organic additive is selected from sodium humate.

[0039] The mesh and porous structure of sodium humate can loosen the soil and improve the air permeability and permeability of the bottom. Its strong adsorption capacity can absorb toxic substances in the bottom mud, such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, etc., effectively reducing the toxicity of these harmful substances to aquatic organisms. At the same time, sodium humate can also remove the odor of the bottom mud, providing a cleaner and healthier growth environment for aquatic organisms. The molecular structure of sodium humate is complex and has multiple functional groups. It can adsorb and complex impurities and suspended particles in the water, thereby purifying the water quality. For turbid water, bottom flooding, dead algae, oil film and other situations, sodium humate can assist in treatment to make the water quality clearer.

[0040] In addition, sodium humate can balance the pH value of water bodies, stabilize the water ecological environment, and reduce the stress response of farmed animals. The surface of sodium humate has a large negative charge and can react with heavy metal ions (such as mercury, zinc, copper, lead, etc.) in water to form a stable complex, thereby eliminating the toxicity of heavy metals to aquatic organisms. At the same time, sodium humate can also complex harmful substances such as algae toxins and drug residues, reduce the content of toxic substances at the bottom of the pond, and provide a safer growth environment for aquatic organisms. Sodium humate can supplement the carbon source in the water body and provide necessary nutrients for the growth of aquatic plants and algae. At the same time, the shading effect of sodium humate can prevent the growth of moss at the bottom and reduce the threat to aquatic organisms. In ponds for crabs and crayfish, the shading effect of sodium humate is particularly obvious, which helps to maintain the stability of the water environment.

[0041] Humic acid molecules contain quinone groups, phenolic hydroxyl groups and other groups that are easily oxidized; in the strong oxidizing environment of potassium permanganate, these groups may undergo partial oxidation, thereby changing the molecular weight distribution and structural characteristics of humic acid. This process can produce short-chain organic acids or free radical intermediates, which in turn affect the subsequent complexation, adsorption and flocculation effects.

[0042] Humic acid macromolecules usually contain a variety of functional groups, such as carboxyl (-COOH), phenolic hydroxyl (-PhOH), quinone (=O), amine (-NH 2 ) etc. These functional groups can be ionized at different pH values ​​and have different acid constants (Ka). When sodium humate is dissolved in water, due to Na + and humic acid anion (HA - ) is mainly electrostatic interaction, and humic acid itself exhibits strong ion exchange and coordination capabilities.

[0043] In solution, humic acid anions can react with metal ions (such as Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ The chelation mechanism usually relies on the coordinated coordination of multidentate ligands (such as those containing multiple carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups). 2+ , Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ Humic acid can reduce the biological toxicity and mobility of these ions through its "multi-site" complexation.

[0044] Humic acid, as a natural macromolecule, is sometimes considered an anionic polyelectrolyte. It has a large molecular radius and a "loose" three-dimensional structure in water. If Mg is present in the system 2+ , Ca 2+The humic acid molecules will produce an "ion bridging" effect (Ion bridging), which makes the humic acid molecules associate with each other and form larger molecular colloidal aggregates, thereby achieving flocculation and sedimentation of colloidal particles and suspended matter. 2 When the humic acid molecules interact with the colloids, they can also coat or embed these small particles into their network structure, further enhancing the bottom sedimentation effect.

[0045] In some embodiments, the binder is selected from at least one of magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc distearate, polyethylene wax and talc. Optionally, the binder is selected from magnesium stearate.

[0046] As a feed additive and water quality improver, magnesium stearate can improve the lubricity and fluidity of feed, while adsorbing and treating harmful substances in sewage, such as heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, to purify water quality. In addition, it has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, which helps reduce the risk of disease in aquatic organisms. Magnesium stearate can also play a role in lubrication and demolding. It can reduce the friction between particles, making it easier to form tablets during tableting, and can be smoothly removed from the mold to prevent the tablets from sticking to the mold. In addition, magnesium stearate can also enable tableting to slowly release active ingredients in the substrate, and can continuously exert oxidation, sterilization, adsorption and purification effects to ensure the long-term stability of the aquaculture environment.

[0047] Magnesium stearate is usually composed of stearate anion (C 17 H 35 COO - ) and Mg 2+ It forms ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions, and has significant hydrophobicity and plasticity. During tableting, magnesium stearate is often used for lubrication, filling and molding, which can reduce the adhesion between other powdered components and tableting molds, and improve tableting efficiency and tablet hardness.

[0048] When the tablet is put into water, magnesium stearate slowly disperses in water, and its long hydrophobic chain prevents water from quickly invading the interior, so that the active ingredients such as potassium permanganate and sodium humate are not released instantly. In the presence of other ingredients (such as sodium silicate), magnesium stearate may form a local "microemulsion" or "micelle" structure with hydrophilic components such as sodium silicate, which gradually breaks and dissolves in water to achieve the effect of controlled release.

[0049] In some embodiments, the composition comprises, by mass percentage, 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 30%-65% sodium humate and 1%-5% magnesium stearate.

[0050] Optionally, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 30%-50% potassium permanganate, 45%-65% sodium humate and 5% magnesium stearate.

[0051] In some embodiments, the present invention further comprises, by mass percentage, 5%-20% of an ion bridge substance and 5%-50% of a polysilicic acid substance.

[0052] Wherein, the mass percentage of the ion bridge material can be, for example, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20% or any value between 5% and 20%; the mass percentage of the polysilicic acid material can be, for example, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 27%, 29%, 30%, 32%, 33%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 45%, 47%, 50% or any value between 5% and 50%.

[0053] Among them, the ion bridge material provides an ion bridge and a precipitation carrier to strengthen flocculation and complexation. The polysilicic acid material forms a bonding network through polysilicic acid, precipitates with metal ions and oxidation products, and improves slow-release control and pH buffering.

[0054] In this multiphase and multi-process coupled system, the five chemical processes of "oxidation-adsorption-complexation-flocculation-sedimentation" complement each other. Through various pathways such as electron transfer, ion bridge, colloidal bridging, free radical reaction, etc., ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, heavy metal ions and high-molecular organic matter in the water body are efficiently removed or transformed, thereby achieving an overall improvement of the bottom environment of the aquaculture water body.

[0055] In some embodiments, the ion bridge material is selected from at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, dolomite powder, and sodium sulfate, preferably magnesium sulfate; the polysilicate material is selected from at least one of calcium polysilicate, sodium aluminum polysilicate, magnesium silicate, sodium fluorosilicate, calcium silicate, and sodium silicate, preferably sodium silicate.

[0056] Magnesium sulfate can be used as a magnesium source to increase the magnesium content in water. Magnesium is an important element in many biological processes and is essential for the health and growth of aquatic organisms. It is one of the essential elements in the growth and metabolism of aquatic organisms and is involved in many physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis, etc. Magnesium can also promote digestion and absorption of aquatic organisms and improve the utilization rate of feed. Magnesium sulfate can improve water quality in aquaculture. On the one hand, it can reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body, reduce the accumulation of harmful substances, and thus create an environment more suitable for the growth of aquatic organisms. On the other hand, magnesium sulfate can also increase the buffering capacity of the water body, stabilize the pH value of the water body, and prevent the pH of the water body from being too high or too low, which affects the health of aquatic organisms. Magnesium sulfate has the effect of preventing aquatic diseases. It can regulate the ion balance in aquatic animals, improve immunity, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, magnesium sulfate can also inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens, reduce the number of pathogens, and further reduce the risk of disease in aquatic organisms. The magnesium element in magnesium sulfate is very important for the formation of bones and shells of aquatic organisms, and helps to improve the growth rate and health of aquatic organisms. At the same time, magnesium sulfate can also promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, providing a richer ecological environment for aquatic organisms.

[0057] Magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) dissociates into Mg in water 2+ and SO 4 2- Mg 2+ Has a higher hydration energy (ΔHhydration) and forms [Mg(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ When complexing ions, a certain amount of hydration energy will be released, which is conducive to dissolution.

[0058] Mg 2+ It can act as a "multivalent cation bridge" in the system to connect negatively charged humic acid anions or other colloidal particles, similar to the common Ca 2+ Flocculation role in water treatment. If Mg is combined with high concentration of OH - or CO 3 2- When anions meet, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ) or magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ) sedimentation, taking away some organic pollutants, heavy metal ions or oxidation product particles while settling at the bottom of the water body.

[0059] When Mg 2+ When combined with the carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group and other functional groups in humic acid or its oxidized derivatives, an internal coordination complex (Mg -O bond). The stability of this type of complex is affected by solution pH, humic acid concentration, and competing ions (such as Na + , Ca 2+ ) etc. This coordination complex can sometimes accelerate the cross-linking between humic acid macromolecules, thereby promoting the formation of large particle flocs.

[0060] Sodium silicate can provide algae in the water with the required silicon element. Silicon is one of the main components of algae cell walls and is essential for the growth and reproduction of algae. By promoting the growth of algae, sodium silicate can increase the number of algae in aquaculture water, provide more food sources for aquatic organisms, and thus help maintain the ecological balance in aquaculture water. Sodium silicate has adsorption and precipitation effects, which can adsorb and precipitate impurities such as arsenic, iron, and manganese in water, effectively reduce the content of pollutants in water, and purify aquaculture water. At the same time, sodium silicate can also increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water, provide sufficient oxygen for aquatic organisms, and further improve water quality conditions. Sodium silicate can increase the hardness and alkalinity of the water, help stabilize the water quality, and create a more suitable living environment for aquatic organisms. The increase in hardness and alkalinity can prevent the acidification and corruption of water bodies, reduce the impact of heavy metal ions on water quality, and thus keep the water clean and transparent. Sodium silicate can accelerate the sedimentation rate of sediments, form turbulence, and increase the coverage of bottom sediments. This helps reduce the release of harmful gases in the bottom sediments, lower the content of harmful substances in the water, and further improve the bottom conditions. At the same time, sodium silicate can also react chemically with cations such as calcium ions and magnesium ions in the soil to produce gelling substances such as calcium silicate and magnesium silicate. These substances can effectively bond soil particles into aggregates, thereby improving the integrity and strength of the bottom.

[0061] Sodium silicate is easily hydrolyzed in water to generate various forms of silicate anions (SiO 3 2- ,HSiO 3 - etc.), and these anions will further condense into polysilicic acid (H 2 SiO 3 Polymer). Polysilicic acid can undergo polycondensation reaction at appropriate pH and temperature to form high molecular weight silica gel or sol, which makes the whole system have certain adhesion and complexing characteristics.

[0062] Na 2 SiO 3 SiO produced by hydrolysis 3 2- or HSiO 3 - Ions can be combined with Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+Plasma forms silicate-containing precipitates or gel compounds, which usually have good adsorption and capture capabilities for suspended particles and organic matter in water. 2 or Mn 3+ When the intermediates come into contact, surface adsorption or cooperative coagulation may also occur, making MnO 2 The colloid becomes more viscous, carrying organic matter or heavy metals with it to settle.

[0063] In the tableting process, sodium silicate and magnesium stearate can interact with each other. The hydrophobic chain of magnesium stearate and the hydrophilic colloid part of sodium silicate form a certain phase interface, which can enhance the structure and strength of the tablets and the controllability of sustained release in water. When gradually dissolving in water, the OH released by sodium silicate - It will also buffer or increase the pH of the water, thereby affecting the oxidizing capacity of potassium permanganate and the ionization state of humic acid.

[0064] In some embodiments, the invention further comprises, by mass percentage: 5%-20% magnesium sulfate and 5%-50% sodium silicate.

[0065] In some embodiments, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 30%-65% sodium humate, 1%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-20% magnesium sulfate and 5%-50% sodium silicate.

[0066] In some embodiments, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 30%-50% sodium humate, 1%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-10% magnesium sulfate and 5%-40% sodium silicate.

[0067] Optionally, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 35%-40% potassium permanganate, 40%-50% sodium humate, 3%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-10% magnesium sulfate and 5%-12% sodium silicate.

[0068] When potassium permanganate, sodium humate, magnesium stearate, magnesium sulfate and sodium silicate exist simultaneously in water or form a "multiphase system" in tableting, the overall chemical behavior is more complicated, often involving multiple processes such as electron transfer, ion bridges, coordination complexation, colloidal flocculation, free radical intermediates, etc., forming a synergistic effect.

[0069] The synergistic mechanism of multiple components is as follows:

[0070] Ⅰ. Triple coupling of oxidation-adsorption-flocculation

[0071] A. Oxidation: Potassium permanganate first oxidizes and decomposes some organic matter (including the macromolecular structure of humic acid) as well as nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, etc. to produce MnO 2or Mn 3+ etc. precipitates or intermediates.

[0072] B. Adsorption: generated MnO 2 Colloidal particles can combine with humic acid molecules through surface adsorption or coordination, or associate with humic acid metal complexes, thereby capturing more colloidal pollutants, heavy metal ions, etc. in water.

[0073] C. Flocculation: Mg 2+ and silicate (SiO 3 2- ) in humic acid polymer or MnO 2 Aggregation bridges are formed on the surface, accelerating the aggregation of particles, and eventually forming large flocs that sink to the bottom of the water.

[0074] II. The role of metal ions in redox "electron shuttling"

[0075] A. Humic acid molecules and metal ions can often participate in some form of "electron shuttling" process:

[0076]

[0077] Here "HA·" or "MnO 4 ·-" represents an intermediate containing a free radical.

[0078] B. If there is Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ Or other metal ions provide a new complexing environment, these free radical intermediates may quickly capture additional electrons or react with other oxides to generate more stable products instead of undergoing a disordered chain reaction.

[0079] C. This makes the oxidation process more controllable and can continuously promote the decomposition of organic matter and the removal of harmful ions.

[0080] III. Network reconstruction after partial oxidation of humic acid

[0081] A. In the strong oxidant KMnO 4 Under the action of humic acid, some aromatic rings or quinone structures are broken or oxidized, forming 2+ 、SiO 3 2- Small molecules or partially modified humic acid chains combined with other substances.

[0082] B. These chain, sheet or small molecular products can form new aggregates through multi-dentate complexation and react with MnO 2 The colloids are tightly bound, thereby improving the removal capacity of heavy metals and toxic anions.

[0083] C. At the same time, smaller molecules generated by oxidation (such as some short-chain organic acids) can also undergo coordination or specific secondary reactions with ammonia nitrogen / nitrite in the water, further reducing ammonia nitrogen or promoting the assimilation of ammonia nitrogen by microorganisms.

[0084] IV. Synergistic sustained release and structural stability of magnesium stearate and sodium silicate

[0085] A. In tablets: magnesium stearate forms an internal hydrophobic layer; sodium silicate reacts with water on the surface or inside of the tablet, gradually releasing SiO 3 2- The combination of the two blocks the instantaneous release of potassium permanganate, making the oxidation process smoother and more sustainable.

[0086] B. Due to the mixture of magnesium stearate and humate, there is an interpenetrating network (IPN) type dispersion structure between some organic phases and inorganic phases. After being put into water, new active surfaces will be gradually exposed as magnesium stearate disintegrates, achieving different stages of oxidation, adsorption and flocculation.

[0087] V. Acid-base buffering and stability of multiphase systems

[0088] A. The hydrolysis of sodium silicate will release OH - , which increases the local pH, which is beneficial to the MnO 4 - It exerts a stable and high oxidation capacity under neutral or alkaline conditions and promotes the oxidation of MnO 2 generation and cohesion.

[0089] B. Sulfate (SO 4 2- ) and Mg 2+ Can form MgSO 4 Soluble pairs, but may also react with OH as the pH or local concentration changes in the system - Produces slightly soluble or poorly soluble Mg(OH) 2 , further capturing harmful anions and cations at the solid-liquid interface.

[0090] C. The whole process involves the nucleation, particle growth, agglomeration, precipitation and other dynamic processes of the multiphase system (solid-liquid interface), and finally forms a relatively stable sedimentation layer at the bottom of the water body, effectively reducing indicators such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and COD.

[0091] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture, comprising:

[0092] The raw materials are mixed in proportion and compressed into round or oval tablets with a diameter of 5-20 mm and a thickness of 2-10 mm using a tablet press.

[0093] The present application also provides the use of the above-mentioned substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture in aquaculture.

[0094] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application. If specific conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to normal conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] Example 1 provides a substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture, which includes, by mass percentage, 20% potassium permanganate, 30% sodium humate, 1% magnesium stearate, 10% magnesium sulfate and 39% sodium silicate.

[0097] Example 1 also provides a method for preparing a substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture, comprising: mixing the raw materials in proportion, and using a tablet press to press them into round or oval tablets with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.

[0098] The components of the substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture of Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1, and are prepared respectively with reference to the preparation method of Example 1.

[0099] Table 1 Components of the substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture in each embodiment and comparative example

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] Note: “-” means the component is not added.

[0103] In order to verify the efficacy of the substrate improvement tablets for aquaculture of each embodiment and comparative example, 11 fish ponds (pond area 2-5 mu, water depth 1-2 meters) were selected, and the breeding species were common freshwater fish such as grass carp and California bass, and the average stocking density was equivalent. The tablets prepared in each embodiment or comparative example were evenly scattered into the pond at a dosage of 1 kg per mu, and the water quality indicators were tested one day after the release, including ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and hydrogen sulfide, and the improvement rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0104] Table 2 Improvement rate of water quality of the bottom quality improvement tablets for aquaculture in various embodiments and comparative examples

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Note: Negative numbers represent percentage decreases, positive numbers represent percentage increases.

[0108] According to Table 2, when the bottom soil improvement tablets for aquaculture of the present application contain only three substances, namely potassium permanganate, sodium humate and magnesium stearate, a good improvement rate can be achieved. On this basis, adding magnesium sulfate and sodium silicate and adjusting the appropriate dosage ratio can further improve the water quality improvement rate.

[0109] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0110] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, the combination of features of different embodiments is meant to be within the scope of the present application and form different embodiments. For example, in the above claims, any one of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background technology section is intended only to deepen the understanding of the overall background technology of the present application and should not be regarded as an admission or in any form of implication that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it comprises: 20%-50% of a strong oxidant, 45%-75% of an organic additive and 1%-5% of a bonding slow-release agent.

2. The substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strong oxidant is selected from potassium permanganate; the organic additive is selected from at least one of sodium humate, sodium fulvic acid, sodium alginate and biochar; the bonding slow-release agent is selected from at least one of magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc distearate, polyethylene wax and talc.

3. The substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it comprises: 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 45%-75% sodium humate and 1%-5% magnesium stearate; Optionally, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 30%-50% potassium permanganate, 45%-65% sodium humate and 5% magnesium stearate.

4. The substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to claim 3, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, it also includes: 5%-20% of ion bridge material and 5%-50% of polysilicic acid material.

5. The substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ion bridge material is selected from at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, dolomite powder, and sodium sulfate; the polysilicic acid material is selected from at least one of calcium polysilicate, sodium aluminum polysilicate, magnesium silicate, sodium fluorosilicate, calcium silicate, and sodium silicate.

6. The substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to claim 5, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, it also includes: 5%-20% of magnesium sulfate and 5%-50% of sodium silicate.

7. The substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to claim 6, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it comprises: 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 30%-65% sodium humate, 1%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-20% magnesium sulfate and 5%-50% sodium silicate.

8. The substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to claim 7, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, it comprises: 20%-50% potassium permanganate, 30%-50% sodium humate, 1%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-10% magnesium sulfate and 5%-40% sodium silicate; Optionally, the composition comprises, by mass percentage: 35%-40% potassium permanganate, 40%-50% sodium humate, 3%-5% magnesium stearate, 5%-10% magnesium sulfate and 5%-12% sodium silicate.

9. A method for preparing a substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: The raw materials are mixed in proportion and compressed into round or oval tablets with a diameter of 5-20 mm and a thickness of 2-10 mm using a tablet press.

10. Use of the substrate improvement tablet for aquaculture according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in aquaculture.

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