Fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt. The fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt is prepared by uniformly mixing 50 parts of straw, 15 parts of camellia oleifera cake, 15 parts of distillers' grains, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of oil cake and 5 parts of livestock and poultry manure and then composting and fermenting. According to the fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt, the camellia oleifera cakes, the straw and the like are used as raw materials, the raw materials are easy to obtain and low in cost, and large-scale industrial application is easy. The fertilizer has a good prevention and treatment effect on banana wilt, the banana wilt can be prevented and treated by applying the fertilizer as a base fertilizer, the application method is simple, and the prevention and treatment effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt. Background Art

[0002] Banana wilt, also known as Banana Panama disease, is a very serious and devastating disease that occurs in banana producing areas. It is an infectious disease caused by fungal infection. The fungus is Fusarium wilt, a soil-dwelling fungus that can survive in the soil for 8 to 10 years. Main characteristics: highly contagious, destructive, and difficult to effectively control, it is figuratively likened to "banana cancer" and "banana AIDS."

[0003] Banana wilt disease is mainly spread through contaminated running water, soil and farm tools. The pathogen invades through young roots and injured underground corms, and spreads along the vascular bundle to the pseudostem and leaves. This affects the healthy growth of bananas, reduces yield and quality, and reduces the income of banana farmers or even causes a total crop failure.

[0004] Therefore, providing a fertilizer that can prevent and treat banana wilt disease and solve the losses caused to banana farmers by banana wilt disease is of great significance to banana farmers. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the above content, the present invention provides a fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a method for preparing a fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt, comprising the following steps:

[0008] According to the weight ratio, 50 parts of straw, 15 parts of camellia oleifera cake, 15 parts of distiller's grains, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of camellia oleifera cake and 5 parts of livestock and poultry manure are mixed evenly and then composted and fermented to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and controlling banana wilt disease.

[0009] A second technical solution of the present invention is a fertilizer prepared according to the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0010] The third technical solution of the present invention is the application of the above-mentioned fertilizer in preventing and treating banana wilt disease.

[0011] A fourth technical solution of the present invention is a method for preventing and treating banana wilt disease, wherein the above-mentioned fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer during banana planting.

[0012] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0013] The invention provides a fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt disease. The fertilizer uses oil tea wilt, straw and the like as raw materials. The raw materials are easily available, low in cost and easy to be applied in large-scale industrialization.

[0014] The fertilizer of the invention has good control effect on banana wilt disease, and can be used as base fertilizer to control banana wilt disease, with simple application method and good control effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a photo of bananas grown and treated in Example 1 in Effect Example 1.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a photo of bananas grown in the control group in Effect Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0020] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0021] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0022] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0023] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt, comprising the following steps:

[0024] According to the weight ratio, 50 parts of straw, 15 parts of camellia oleifera cake, 15 parts of distiller's grains, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of camellia oleifera cake and 5 parts of livestock and poultry manure are mixed evenly and then composted and fermented to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and controlling banana wilt disease.

[0025] In the present invention, the straw contains a relatively high amount of cellulose carbohydrates, which can be used to increase the organic matter of the fermentation material and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0026] In the present invention, oil tea ash is the residue left after the oil tea seeds are squeezed to extract tea oil; the current existing technology focuses on the research of oil tea ash on the prevention and control of insect pests, and does not disclose its application in banana wilt. There are 350,000 mu of oil tea planting bases in Ceheng County, Guizhou Province, and the oil tea ash resources are rich. The inventor of the present invention holds a trial mentality and uses oil tea ash as an organic fertilizer raw material for the preparation of organic fertilizer. It is unexpectedly found that the incidence of banana wilt in the plot where the organic fertilizer prepared by adding oil tea ash is applied is significantly reduced. Therefore, the optimal ratio of each raw material and its application time and application amount are further verified by orthogonal experiments and single factor experiments. The results show that applying it as a base fertilizer can better prevent and control wilt than applying it as a topdressing later. This may be because banana wilt fungus (Fusarium wilt fungus) is a soil-habiting fungus. Applying fertilizer as a base fertilizer can block the infection of banana plants by Fusarium wilt fungus in the soil from the root, thereby reducing the incidence of banana wilt.

[0027] In the present invention, the wine lees are rich in nutrients such as protein, fat, cellulose, mineral elements and a small amount of starch. The wine lees undergo long-term fermentation during the winemaking process. Part of the organic matter will be converted into humic acid or its precursor during the fermentation process, which is used as a raw material for preparing organic fertilizer. In the composting fermentation process, the humic acid content of the organic fertilizer produced using the wine lees can reach more than 30%.

[0028] In the present invention, humic acid is a highly polymerized and stable organic substance with a complex chemical structure and environmental effects. It is rich in highly conjugated aromatic structures and can effectively improve the stress resistance of soil and improve the stability of soil.

[0029] In the present invention, oil cake can provide rich organic matter and nutrients during the composting fermentation process, and promote the growth and activity of microorganisms.

[0030] In the present invention, livestock and poultry excrement is a relatively primitive organic fertilizer raw material. It has a relatively high organic matter content, but a low fiber content and is not easy to decompose. Livestock and poultry excrement is converted into a class of humus products with stable properties and rich nutrients through composting and fermentation. After being applied to the soil, it can not only provide nutrients, but also help to restore and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compost fermentation is specifically: under ventilation conditions, the compost is turned over once every 7 days and fermented for 40 to 60 days.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the straw is corn straw or rice straw.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil cake is bean cake or sesame cake.

[0034] In the present invention, the bean cake is made from the residue after soybean oil is pressed; and the sesame cake is made from the residue after sesame oil is pressed.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the livestock and poultry manure is at least one of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compost fermentation further comprises the steps of crushing and screening.

[0037] A second aspect of the present invention provides a fertilizer prepared according to the above preparation method.

[0038] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned fertilizer in preventing and treating banana wilt.

[0039] The fertilizer prepared by the method of the present invention is used as base fertilizer in banana planting, which has a good control effect on banana wilt disease, improves banana yield and quality, enhances market competitiveness, and increases the income of banana farmers.

[0040] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling banana wilt disease, wherein the above-mentioned fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer during banana planting.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application amount of the fertilizer is 58 kg per banana plant.

[0042] The technical solutions described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional solutions in the art, and the reagents or raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, are purchased from commercial channels or have been disclosed.

[0043] The straw used in the embodiment of the present invention is corn straw.

[0044] The oil cake used in the embodiments of the present invention is bean cake.

[0045] The livestock and poultry excrement used in the embodiment of the present invention is cow excrement.

[0046] The detection method involved in the present invention is as follows:

[0047] The detection standard of organic matter in the fertilizer prepared in the embodiment of the present invention refers to the "Organic Fertilizer" NY / T 525-2021 standard.

[0048] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A method for preparing a fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt disease, comprising the following steps:

[0051] According to the mass proportion, 50 parts of straw, 15 parts of oil-tea cake, 15 parts of wine lees, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of oil cake and 5 parts of livestock and poultry manure are mixed evenly and then composted and fermented under ventilation conditions, and the compost is turned once every 7 days during the composting and fermentation process, and the fermentation lasts for 49 days in total. Then, the compost is crushed and sieved to obtain a fertilizer for preventing and controlling banana wilt with a particle size of no more than 2 cm.

[0052] After testing, the organic matter content of the fertilizer prepared in this embodiment is ≥30%, and the total nutrients (N-P2O5-K2O) is ≥4%.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of camellia oleifera kerosene is omitted; the remaining steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0055] Effect Example 1

[0056] The effects of the fertilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were verified as follows:

[0057] Banana variety: “Gold Powder No. 1” tissue culture seedlings.

[0058] Test plots:

[0059] The banana plantation in Gaozhai Village, Gaoluo Street, Ceheng County has an average altitude of about 450m, an average annual temperature of 20.9℃, an annual sunshine duration of 1514.6 hours, a frost-free period of 345 days, a flat bottom, and sandstone shale yellow loam.

[0060] Test method:

[0061] Three treatments were set up, namely, Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Control Group, and each treatment was repeated three times; the Example 1 treatment group applied the fertilizer prepared in Example 1 as base fertilizer, the Comparative Example 1 treatment group applied the organic fertilizer prepared in Comparative Example 1 as base fertilizer, and the Control Group applied compound fertilizer (N:P:K=20:5:20) as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer application rate of each treatment group was 5kg / banana plant. Banana planting density, watering, weeding, pest control, and topdressing were all carried out in accordance with local conventional planting management methods. Two months after the banana seedlings were planted, ten banana plants were selected from each treatment to grade the disease according to the browning area ratio of the longitudinal section of the bulb tissue, and the disease index and control effect of each treatment were calculated.

[0062] Grading standard: Grade 0 means no browning of the bulb; Grade 1 means browning area of ​​the bulb ≤ 25%; Grade 3 means 25%<browning area of ​​the bulb ≤ 50%; Grade 5 means 50%<browning area of ​​the bulb ≤ 75%; Grade 7 means browning area of ​​the bulb > 75%.

[0063] Disease index = Σ(number of diseased plants at each level × representative value of that level) / (total number of plants × highest level representative value) × 100;

[0064] Control effect (%) = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100

[0065] The results are summarized in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1

[0067] deal with Disease index Control effect (%) Example 1 5.62 91.16 Comparative Example 1 58.63 7.79 Control group 63.58 -

[0068] It can be seen from Table 1 that the disease index corresponding to the fertilizer prepared under the condition of omitting the addition of camellia oleifera kerogen in Comparative Example 1 is not much different from that of the control group, and the disease index corresponding to the fertilizer prepared by adding camellia oleifera kerogen in Example 1 is quite different from that of the control group, and the control effect reaches more than 90%, which has a good control effect of banana wilt.

[0069] Example 1: Photos of bananas grown Figure 1 The photos of bananas grown in the control group are shown in Figure 2 Compare Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the fertilizer prepared in Example 1 has a better control effect on banana wilt.

[0070] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: According to the weight ratio, 50 parts of straw, 15 parts of camellia oleifera cake, 15 parts of distiller's grains, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of camellia oleifera cake and 5 parts of livestock and poultry manure are mixed evenly and then composted and fermented to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and controlling banana wilt disease.

2. The method for preparing the fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compost fermentation is specifically as follows: under ventilation conditions, the compost is turned over once every 7 days and fermented for 40 to 60 days.

3. The method for preparing the fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the compost fermentation is completed, the steps of crushing and screening are also included.

4. The method for preparing the fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw is corn straw or rice straw.

5. The method for preparing the fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil cake is bean cake or sesame cake.

6. The method for preparing the fertilizer for preventing and treating banana wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The livestock and poultry manure is at least one of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.

7. The fertilizer prepared according to the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Use of the fertilizer as claimed in claim 7 in preventing and treating banana wilt.

9. A method for preventing and treating banana wilt, characterized in that: The fertilizer according to claim 7 is applied as base fertilizer during banana planting.

10. The method for preventing and controlling banana wilt according to claim 9, characterized in that: The application amount of the fertilizer is 5 kg / banana plant.

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