An adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions;Belong to the technical field of ocean engineering facilities, including wave system, floating capsule, anchoring system, control center, draft adjusting mechanism and floating body posture adjusting mechanism;The top of the wave system is fixedly installed with wind direction sensor, sea wave height sensor and control center, and the side of the wave system is fixedly installed with flow rate sensor.The adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions, by integrating multiple sensors, such as radar type sea wave height sensor, wind cup type wind direction sensor and electromagnetic type flow rate sensor, can accurately obtain key sea condition information such as sea wave height, wind direction and water flow speed, and accurately calculate with the help of a preset formula.The draft adjusting mechanism and the floating body posture adjusting mechanism can quickly and accurately adjust the draft and the floating body posture of the breakwater according to the sensor data and the control center instructions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering facilities, and relates to a self-adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand for renewable energy, the development and utilization of the ocean is imperative. Among numerous ocean equipment, breakwaters, which are hydraulic structures capable of defending against wave invasion and forming a sheltered water area, are widely used. Breakwaters are divided into bottom-mounted breakwaters and floating breakwaters. Compared with traditional bottom-mounted breakwaters, floating breakwaters have more significant advantages. Floating breakwaters are convenient to construct, install and disassemble, have better economy, are widely arranged in sea areas, are not limited by water depth, and have better adaptability. Therefore, floating breakwaters have become widely used equipment in ocean development equipment in recent years.

[0003] A floating breakwater for a sea photovoltaic power plant is disclosed in Chinese Patent (Publication No. CN117779684A). The application provides a floating breakwater for a sea photovoltaic power plant and a construction method, which can fully protect the sea photovoltaic equipment by adjusting the attitude of the floating box as a whole, and has high flexibility in adjustment. In the device, the attitude of the floating box can be adjusted as a whole to fully protect the sea photovoltaic equipment, and the flexibility of adjustment is high. However, the device mainly protects the photovoltaic equipment by adjusting the attitude of the floating box, but the sea condition factors it responds to are relatively single. Therefore, a self-adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the application aims to provide a self-adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions, which can always maintain the best wave protection effect by automatically adjusting the draft depth and the attitude of the floating body, effectively protect marine facilities from wave invasion, and has other advantages, solving the problem that the traditional breakwater is usually a fixed structure with fixed draft depth and structure attitude, which is difficult to adapt to complex and changeable sea conditions.

[0005] The technical scheme of the application is as follows: the self-adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions comprises a wave system, a floating capsule, an anchoring system, a control center, a draft depth adjusting mechanism and a floating body attitude adjusting mechanism.

[0006] A draft depth adjusting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the wave system, the draft depth adjusting mechanism comprises a base fixed at the center of the bottom of the wave system, a water pump is fixed in the base, a main conveying pipe is fixed at the water outlet of the water pump, and a water pressure sensor is fixed at each corner of the bottom of the wave system.

[0007] Further, at least six floating body posture adjusting mechanisms are evenly arranged at the bottom of the wave system, the floating body posture adjusting mechanism comprises a connecting frame fixed at the bottom of the wave system, a matched hydraulic cylinder is fixed inside the connecting frame, and a stabilizing fin is connected to the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder;

[0008] A flange is arranged at the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder and the top of the adjacent stabilizing fin, and the two flanges are connected by fastening bolts.

[0009] Further, an installation cavity is formed at the top end of the connecting frame, and an oil storage tank and a hydraulic pump are fixed inside the installation cavity and are in communication with each other.

[0010] Further, a hydraulic pipe is arranged at one end of the hydraulic pump and penetrates the hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic valve is fixed to the outer surface of the hydraulic pipe.

[0011] An oil return pipe is in communication between the hydraulic cylinder and the oil storage tank, and a filter screen is arranged inside the oil return pipe.

[0012] Further, the wave system adopts a modular design and is composed of a plurality of wave floating piles.

[0013] A ballast water cavity is formed in each wave floating pile, a shunt pipe is fixedly connected between the main conveying pipe and each ballast water cavity, and a valve is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of each shunt pipe.

[0014] Further, a group of floating capsules is fixedly arranged around the wave system, each group of floating capsules is composed of a plurality of floating capsules, and the bottom of each group of floating capsules is lower than the bottom of the wave system.

[0015] Further, a wind direction sensor, a sea wave height sensor, and a control center are fixedly arranged at the top of the wave system, and a flow rate sensor is fixedly arranged on the side of the wave system.

[0016] The flow rate sensor, the wind direction sensor, the sea wave height sensor, and the water pressure sensor are connected to the control center through a wireless signal module.

[0017] Further, the control center is connected to the water pump, the hydraulic valve, the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic pump.

[0018] Further, the wave floating pile is made of fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0019] An anchoring system is also arranged at the four corners of the wave system, the anchoring system adopts high-strength corrosion-resistant cable, one end of which is connected to the evenly distributed anchoring points at the periphery of the bottom of the wave system, and the other end is fixed to the anchor on the seabed.

[0020] Further, the stabilizing fin is made of high-strength and corrosion-resistant metal material.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. By integrating multiple sensors such as radar wave height sensors, wind cup wind direction sensors and electromagnetic flow rate sensors, key sea state information such as wave height, wind direction and water flow speed can be accurately obtained, and accurate calculation can be performed with the aid of preset formulas; the draft depth adjusting mechanism and the floating body posture adjusting mechanism can quickly and accurately adjust the draft depth and the floating body posture of the breakwater according to sensor data and control center instructions when facing complex sea conditions; when the wave height increases, the draft depth can be immediately deepened to strengthen the stability and wave protection capability; when the water flow direction changes or the wave force causes the breakwater to roll, the floating body posture adjusting mechanism can flexibly adjust the angle and length of the stabilizing fin to effectively offset the moment and ensure that the breakwater always maintains a stable posture, continuously achieving efficient wave protection effect; compared with other devices that can only adjust the posture of the floating box, the all-round adjustment mechanism has obvious advantages in harsh environments where multiple sea state factors change simultaneously, and can effectively make up for the shortcomings of single adjustment method; 2. The sensor collects data in real time and transmits it quickly to the control center, the control center uses preset algorithms and dynamic models to comprehensively analyze and judge complex sea conditions, and then accurately calculates the adjustment parameters of the draft depth and the stabilizing fin, which are converted into control instructions to drive the corresponding mechanism to act; this intelligent control process realizes real-time and accurate control of the state of the breakwater, effectively protects various marine facilities such as ports, coastal facilities and offshore operation platforms, greatly reduces the risk of damage to these facilities caused by sea wave invasion, and builds a solid and reliable protection for marine development and engineering construction, which is unmatched by other devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is the overall structure of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 is the structure of the draft depth adjusting mechanism of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 is the structure of the floating body posture adjusting mechanism of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 is the structure of the floating body posture adjusting mechanism of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 is the structure of the floating body posture adjusting mechanism of the present application;

[0027] In the figure: 1 is a wave system, 101 is a wave float pile;

[0028] 2 is a floating capsule; 3 is an anchoring system; 4 is a flow rate sensor; 5 is a wind direction sensor; 6 is a sea wave height sensor; 7 is a control center;

[0029] 8 is a water depth adjusting mechanism, 801 is a base, 802 is a water pump, 803 is a main conveying pipe, and 804 is a water pressure sensor;

[0030] 9 is a floating body posture adjusting mechanism, 901 is a connecting frame, 902 is a hydraulic cylinder, 903 is a flange, 904 is a stabilizing fin, 905 is a mounting cavity, 906 is an oil tank, 907 is a hydraulic pump, 908 is a hydraulic pipe, 909 is a hydraulic valve, and 910 is an oil return pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The specific technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific examples.

[0032] As shown in the figure, the self-adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions comprises a wave system 1, a floating capsule 2, an anchoring system 3, a control center 7, a water depth adjusting mechanism 8, and a floating body posture adjusting mechanism 9.

[0033] A wind direction sensor 5, a sea wave height sensor 6, and a control center 7 are fixed on the top of the wave system 1, and a flow rate sensor 4 is fixed on the side of the wave system 1.

[0034] In the development and construction of marine engineering, the breakwater is an important structure for protecting the safety of port, coastal facilities, and offshore operation platform; the water depth adjusting mechanism 8 and the floating body posture adjusting mechanism 9 can automatically adjust the water depth and the floating body posture, always maintain the best breakwater effect, and effectively protect the marine facilities from sea wave invasion.

[0035] Further, the anchoring system 3 is arranged at the four corners of the wave system 1, the anchoring system 3 adopts high-strength corrosion-resistant cables, one end of the cable is connected with the evenly distributed anchoring points at the bottom periphery of the wave system 1, and the other end is fixed on the anchor pieces preset on the seabed.

[0036] Further, the wave system 1 is composed of a plurality of wave floating piles 101, and the wave system 1 adopts a modular design.

[0037] A group of floating capsules 2 is fixedly arranged around the wave system 1, each group of floating capsules 2 is composed of a plurality of floating capsules, and the bottom of each group of floating capsules 2 is lower than the bottom of the wave system 1.

[0038] Further, the water depth adjusting mechanism 8 comprises a base 801 fixedly arranged at the center of the bottom of the wave system 1, a water pump 802 fixedly arranged in the base 801, and a main conveying pipe 803 fixedly arranged at the water outlet of the water pump 802;

[0039] A water pressure sensor 804 is fixedly arranged at each corner of the bottom of the wave system 1;

[0040] A ballast water cavity is formed in each wave float pile 101, a branch pipe is fixedly and communicatively arranged between the main conveying pipe 803 and each ballast water cavity, and a valve is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of each branch pipe;

[0041] When the water pressure sensor 804 detects the change of the sea state, data is transmitted to the control center 7, the control center 7 comprehensively analyzes the current sea state and calculates the water depth to be adjusted according to the preset algorithm and program combined with the data of various sensors;

[0042] The water depth adjustment is realized by the instruction of the control center 7 to control the opening and closing of the valve and the operation of the water pump 802. When the water depth needs to be deepened, the control center 7 opens the valve connected to the ballast water tank and starts the water pump 802 to inject water into the ballast water tank. With the injection of water, the weight of the breakwater increases, and the water depth gradually deepens. During the water injection process, the data of the water pressure sensor 804 is continuously monitored. When the target water depth is reached, the control center 7 closes the water pump 802 and the corresponding valve. When the water depth needs to be reduced, the control center 7 controls the water pump 802 to discharge the water in the ballast water tank, so that the water depth of the breakwater is reduced, and the energy consumption and water power resistance are reduced.

[0043] The water pressure sensor 804 can real-time perceive the change of seawater pressure, and the liquid pressure formula is P=ρgh, wherein P is the pressure, ρ is the seawater density, g is the acceleration of gravity, and h is the water depth. The change of the measured pressure can indirectly calculate the information of the wave height and the flow velocity.

[0044] The floating body posture adjusting mechanism 9 comprises a connecting frame 901 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the wave system 1, a hydraulic cylinder 902 fixedly arranged at the inner top wall of the connecting frame 901, a flange 903 fixedly arranged at the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder 902, a stabilizing fin 904 connected to the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder 902, an installation cavity 905 formed in the connecting frame 901, an oil tank 906 fixedly arranged in the installation cavity 905, a hydraulic pump 907 fixedly arranged in the installation cavity 905, a hydraulic pipe 908 fixedly arranged at one end of the hydraulic pump 907, a hydraulic valve 909 fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the hydraulic pipe 908, and a return oil pipe 910 communicated between the hydraulic cylinder 902 and the oil tank 906;

[0045] A plurality of adjustable stabilizing fins 904 are installed at the bottom of the breakwater, which are generally made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant metal materials such as aluminum alloy, and their shape and size are optimized according to the design requirements of the breakwater and the expected sea conditions.

[0046] When the direction of water flow changes or the sea wave generates a large roll and pitch force, the sensors in the sea condition sensing system, such as the wind direction sensor 5, the sea wave height sensor 6, and the flow rate sensor 4, transmit the collected data to the control center 7. The control center 7 calculates the required adjustment parameters of the stabilizing fins 904, including the angle and extension length of the stabilizing fins 904, based on these data, combined with the dynamic model of the breakwater and the preset control algorithm.

[0047] During adjustment, the control center 7 converts the calculated adjustment parameters into control instructions and sends them to the hydraulic system. The hydraulic valve 909 in the hydraulic system controls the flow direction and flow rate of hydraulic oil according to the instructions to drive the hydraulic cylinder 902 to act. For example, when the control center 7 calculates that the left stabilizing fin 904 needs to be extended downward at a certain angle to counteract the right roll moment, the hydraulic system controls the corresponding hydraulic cylinder 902 piston rod to extend, driving the stabilizing fin 904 to rotate downward to the specified angle.

[0048] After the stabilizing fin 904 acts, the direction of the water flow force on the breakwater changes, thereby counteracting part of the roll and pitch moment, causing the floating body posture of the breakwater to change. In this process, the wind direction sensor 5, the sea wave height sensor 6, and the flow rate sensor 4 continuously monitor the change in the posture of the breakwater and feed back the data to the control center 7. The control center 7 adjusts the adjustment parameters of the stabilizing fin 904 in real time based on the feedback data to ensure that the breakwater always maintains a stable floating body posture and improves the breakwater effect.

[0049] The control center 7 is built-in with a complex sea condition adaptive algorithm model; the model takes sea wave height, wind direction, water flow speed, and water pressure as input variables.

[0050] For sea wave height, based on the echo time data obtained by the sea wave height sensor, the radar type sea wave height sensor is selected according to the sea wave height sensor 6, and its calculation method is as follows: the propagation speed of radar wave in air is approximately equal to the speed of light c0=3×10 8 m / s, the time interval between radar wave emission and reception is Δt1 (unit: seconds), and since the radar type sensor is generally installed at a height H (unit: meters) above the sea surface, the sea wave height h1 calculation formula is The sensor records Δt1 and obtains the installation height information, and the sea wave height can be calculated.

[0051] For the wind direction, the wind direction sensor 5 selects the wind cup type wind direction sensor, and the calculation method is: wind speed Wherein r is the wind cup rotation radius (unit: meter), which can be determined by measuring the distance from the center of the wind cup to the edge of the cup; n is the rotation speed of the wind cup per minute (unit: revolutions / minute), which is obtained by the rotation speed measuring device inside the sensor; the wind direction is determined by the angle between the wind vane and the compass reference direction, and the angle is θ, and the north direction is 0°, and the clockwise direction is positive, and the wind direction angle can be obtained by the corresponding relationship between the wind vane and the angle measuring device inside the sensor, such as θ = 30°, which indicates that the wind direction is north by east 30°;

[0052] For the water flow speed, the flow speed sensor 4 selects the electromagnetic flow speed sensor, and the calculation method is: according to the electromagnetic induction law, the relationship between the induced electromotive force E and the water flow speed v1 is E = BLv1, wherein B is the magnetic field intensity (unit: Tesla), which is generated by the excitation device inside the sensor and can be measured; L is the effective length of the water flow cutting magnetic force line (unit: meter), which is determined by the structure size of the sensor; E is the induced electromotive force (unit: volt), which is obtained by the voltage measuring circuit inside the sensor, and then the water flow speed

[0053] On this basis, the algorithm combining multiple linear regression and neural network is used to establish the sea condition comprehensive evaluation model; the sea wave height, wind direction, water flow speed and water pressure and other parameters are taken as the independent variables of multiple linear regression, and the complex degree evaluation results corresponding to the historical sea condition data are taken as the dependent variable, and the multiple linear regression equation y = β0+ β1x1+ β2x2+ … + β n x n + ∈ (wherein y is the sea condition complex degree evaluation value, β i is the regression coefficient, x i is each sea condition parameter, and ∈ is the error term), and meanwhile, the parameters are taken as the input layer neurons, the non-linear transformation is carried out through the multiple hidden layers, and finally the sea condition complex degree index is output; a large amount of historical sea condition data is used to train the model, the regression coefficient and the weight and threshold value of the neural network are adjusted, and the accuracy of the model is improved.

[0054] The control center 7 judges the current sea condition and calculates the water depth to be adjusted according to the preset algorithm and program combined with the comprehensive analysis of various sensor data;

[0055] The control center 7 uses the above sea condition comprehensive evaluation model to input the data collected by the sensor into the model:

[0056] For example, at a certain moment, the radar type sea wave height sensor 6 measures t = 0.001 s, the sensor installation height H0 = 5 m, and the sea wave height h = 3 × 10 8× 0.001 / 2-5 = 145m; the raw wind speed data collected by the wind cup type wind direction sensor 5 is 15m / s, and after Kalman filtering processing, it is determined that the wind direction is north by east 45°; the electromagnetic type flow rate sensor measures the induced electromotive force E = 0.05V, the magnetic field strength B = 0.01T is known, the effective length L = 2m of the water flow cutting magnetic force line is measured, and the water flow velocity v = 2.5m / s is calculated; the water pressure sensor 804 measures the pressure P = 1.05 × 10 5 Pa, and according to the liquid pressure formula, the corresponding water depth h = 10.7m is calculated.

[0057] The model outputs the complexity score of the current sea state according to the sea wave height index, the wind direction deviation angle, the water flow velocity change rate and the water pressure fluctuation range, etc. key parameters, through multi-layer neuron network calculation; assuming that the sea state complexity score output by the model reaches 80 points (full score 100 points), which exceeds the set threshold of 60 points, indicating that the sea state is severe; the model further calculates the required adjustment of the draft depth value for maintaining the stability of the breakwater according to the pre-trained decision tree model, combined with the dynamic equation F = ma (where F is the external force, m is the mass of the breakwater, and a is the acceleration), as well as the structural parameters and mechanical properties of the breakwater; assuming that the calculation result is that the draft depth needs to be increased by 0.5m.

[0058] At the same time, for the floating body posture adjustment, the model is based on the sea state complexity score, combined with the real-time roll and pitch angle data of the breakwater (for example, the current roll angle is 5° and the pitch angle is 3°), and uses optimal control algorithms such as linear quadratic optimal control algorithm to determine the angle and extension length required for the adjustment of the stabilizing fin 904, with the minimum roll and pitch moment as the objective function; assuming that the calculation result is that the stabilizing fin 904 needs to be extended downward by 20° and the extension length is increased by 0.3m, so as to effectively offset the roll and pitch moment and ensure that the breakwater always maintains a stable floating body posture.

[0059] In summary, the self-adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions can accurately obtain key sea state information such as sea wave height, wind direction and water flow velocity by integrating various sensors such as radar type sea wave height sensor, wind cup type wind direction sensor and electromagnetic type flow rate sensor, and can accurately calculate the water depth adjustment mechanism 8 and the floating body posture adjustment mechanism 9 according to the sensor data and the instruction of the control center 7, which can quickly and accurately adjust the water depth and floating body posture of the breakwater; for example, when the sea wave height increases, the water depth adjustment mechanism 8 can timely deepen the water depth to enhance the stability and wave protection ability; when the water flow direction or sea wave force changes, causing the breakwater to roll and pitch, the floating body posture adjustment mechanism 9 adjusts the angle and extension length of the stabilizing fin 904 to effectively offset the moment and maintain a stable posture, so as to maintain efficient wave protection effect in complex sea conditions.

[0060] Moreover, the adaptive floating breakwater builds an intelligent sea state perception and regulation system. The sensors collect data in real time and transmit them to the control center 7. The control center 7 uses preset algorithms and dynamic models to comprehensively analyze and judge the sea state, and then accurately calculates the water depth and the adjustment parameters of the stabilizing fin 904, and converts them into control instructions to drive the corresponding mechanisms. This intelligent regulation process realizes real-time and accurate control of the breakwater state, effectively protects the port, coastal facilities, and offshore operation platforms and other marine facilities, greatly reduces the risk of damage caused by sea waves to these facilities, and provides reliable protection for marine development and engineering construction.

Claims

1. An adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions, characterized in that, The wave system (1) is provided with a draft adjusting mechanism (8) at the bottom of the wave system (1), the draft adjusting mechanism (8) comprises a base (801) fixed at the center of the bottom of the wave system (1), a water pump (802) is fixed in the base (801), a main conveying pipe (803) is fixed at the water outlet of the water pump (802), and a water pressure sensor (804) is fixed at each corner of the bottom of the wave system (1); At least six floating body posture adjusting mechanisms (9) are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the wave system (1), the floating body posture adjusting mechanism (9) comprises a connecting frame (901) fixed at the bottom of the wave system (1), a matched hydraulic cylinder (902) is fixed in the connecting frame (901), and a stabilizing fin (904) is connected to the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder (902); A flange (903) is arranged at the driving end of the hydraulic cylinder (902) and the top of the adjacent stabilizing fin (904), and the two flanges (903) are connected by fastening bolts; An installation cavity (905) is formed at the top of the connecting frame (901), and a storage tank (906) and a hydraulic pump (907) are fixed in the installation cavity (905) and are in communication with each other; A hydraulic pipe (908) is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder (902) and is connected to one end of the hydraulic pump (907), and a hydraulic valve (909) is fixed on the outer surface of the hydraulic pipe (908); An oil return pipe (910) is arranged in communication between the hydraulic cylinder (902) and the storage tank (906), and a filter screen is arranged in the oil return pipe (910); The wave system (1) is designed in a modular manner and is composed of a plurality of wave floating piles (101); A ballast water cavity is formed in each wave floating pile (101), a shunt pipe is fixedly connected in communication between the main conveying pipe (803) and each ballast water cavity, and a valve is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of each shunt pipe; A wind direction sensor (5), a sea wave height sensor (6) and a control center (7) are fixedly arranged at the top of the wave system (1), and a flow rate sensor (4) is fixedly arranged on the side of the wave system (1); The flow rate sensor (4), the wind direction sensor (5), the sea wave height sensor (6) and the water pressure sensor (804) are connected to the control center (7) through a wireless signal module; The control center (7) is connected to the water pump (802), the hydraulic valve (909), the hydraulic cylinder (902) and the hydraulic pump (907).

2. A self adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, A group of floating capsules (2) are fixedly arranged around the wave system (1), each group of floating capsules (2) is composed of a plurality of floating capsules, and the bottom of each group of floating capsules (2) is lower than the bottom of the wave system (1).

3. A self adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wave floating pile (101) is made of fiber reinforced composite material. In the four corners of the wave system (1) is also provided with anchoring system (3), the anchoring system (3) uses high strength corrosion resistant cable, one end is connected with the wave system (1) bottom periphery evenly distributed anchor point, the other end is fixed in the seabed preset anchor.

4. An adaptive floating breakwater suitable for complex sea conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizing fin (904) is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant metal material.

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