Efficient and environment-friendly underwater dry type operation dredging device and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underwater dredging, in particular to an efficient and environment-friendly underwater dry type operation dredging device and a using method thereof. The efficient and environment-friendly underwater dry type operation dredging device comprises a barrel-shaped cover mechanism, the barrel-shaped cover mechanism comprises a cylindrical barrel-shaped cover, the top of the barrel-shaped cover is provided with a water suction pump and an air conveying pipe, a spiral material lifting mechanism penetrates through and is fixedly arranged in the center of the barrel-shaped cover, and the bottom of the spiral material lifting mechanism is connected with a dredging and ground breaking mechanism; the dredging and soil breaking mechanism comprises an annular connector rotationally connected with the spiral lifting mechanism, an annular sliding rail abutting against the inner wall of the barrel-shaped cover, a plough type soil breaker and a spiral scraper, wherein the plough type soil breaker is radially connected with the annular connector and the annular sliding rail. The plough type soil breaker meets the dual requirements of modern dredging engineering for environment protection and efficient operation, pollution of silt to surrounding water bodies in operation can be avoided, the plough type soil breaker can cut different soil bodies or rocks by replacing the flat teeth and the sharp teeth, the working capacity of the dredging engineering for coping with different soil textures is improved, and the working efficiency of the dredging engineering is improved. The method has high adaptability and wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underwater dredging, and in particular to an efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Dredging is an engineering activity to clean up sediment and repair waterways in seabed riverbeds, seaports, waterways and other waters. It is crucial to maintain marine water conservancy facilities, promote offshore economic development and protect the ecological environment. In particular, underwater dredging is directly related to the smooth progress of projects such as port construction, waterway dredging and offshore wind farm infrastructure construction. These projects usually require efficient cleaning of sediments, sand, mud, and debris to ensure smooth waterways, stable infrastructure, and meet the needs of underwater ecological protection. However, current underwater dredging operations face complex technical and environmental challenges.

[0003] The complexity of the underwater dredging environment is a key factor affecting the efficiency and quality of the operation. There are various types of riverbeds, including gravel riverbeds, silt riverbeds, and muddy riverbeds. Each type of riverbed has different technical challenges in dredging projects. For example, high-water content sediment and silt will reduce the working efficiency of dredging equipment. In addition, for riverbeds with serious organic pollutants such as silt beds, dredging projects will also face ecological challenges such as possible water quality deterioration.

[0004] In the current fields of port expansion and deep-water channel maintenance, the demand for underwater dredging operations has become increasingly complex. Modern underwater dredging projects usually have the following characteristics: (1) Efficient operation requirements: How to efficiently clean up a large amount of sediment and ensure the construction progress within a limited construction period has become the key to the success of the project; (2) Environmental protection requirements: When conducting underwater dredging, environmental protection requirements such as preventing water pollution and avoiding the spread of sediment are becoming more and more stringent. Especially today when the pressure of environmental protection is increasing, environmental protection dredging technology has become an indispensable choice.

[0005] However, although the existing underwater dredging devices can complete basic dredging tasks, there is still much room for improvement in terms of efficiency and environmental protection. For example, the Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN118581945B designs a dredging device, which consists of a dredging cylinder and a stirring device, which is convenient for stirring sludge to prevent siltation and blockage, but the dredged soil is still sucked as a mixture of mud and water, which affects the dredging efficiency; the Chinese utility model patent with the authorization announcement number CN222183503U designs a sludge dredging device, which can scrape the sludge through an arc-shaped plow blade to make the sludge move to the grab The center is gathered to improve construction efficiency. However, the device can be further improved in environmental protection construction, and the operating efficiency can also further release potential; the Chinese invention patent with authorization announcement number CN118273411B designs a dredging device for river management. The device can form a cover to cover the silt layer through the coordinated operation of different mechanisms to prevent the silt from spreading. The soil is cut by high-pressure water jet, and then the mud is pumped away through the pipe. The invention meets the requirements of environmental protection construction in terms of function, but the cover is formed by a combination of mechanisms, the sealing performance needs to be verified, and the operation is slightly cumbersome.

[0006] In summary, although the products currently on the market or the patents that have been disclosed have strong dredging capabilities, their dredging efficiency is not high; although some equipment can limit the spread of sediment, the working area is not sealed enough and may still cause pollution to the surrounding water bodies. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry operation dredging device. The device significantly improves the dredging output and efficiency through innovative design; in particular, during the operation process, it can avoid the pollution of the surrounding water body by sediment, which meets the dual requirements of modern dredging engineering for environmental protection and efficient operation, and has strong adaptability and broad application prospects.

[0008] The present invention provides an efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device, comprising a barrel cover mechanism, wherein the barrel cover mechanism comprises a cylindrical barrel cover, a water pump and an air pipe are arranged on the top of the barrel cover, a spiral material lifting mechanism passes through and is fixedly arranged at the center of the barrel cover, and a dredging breaking mechanism is connected to the bottom, wherein the dredging breaking mechanism comprises an annular connection rotatably connected to the spiral material lifting mechanism, an annular slide rail abutting against the inner wall of the barrel cover, and a plough-type breaking device and a spiral scraper radially connected to the annular connection and the annular slide rail.

[0009] Preferably, a lifting ring is provided on the upper end surface of the top of the barrel hood, a camera and a drain pipe connected to a water pump are provided on the lower end surface of the top, and a filter is provided at the bottom of the drain pipe; a tilt correction mechanism and a positioning device are provided on the barrel hood, the tilt correction mechanism includes a posture sensor arranged on the top of the barrel hood and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders equidistantly arranged on the side wall of the barrel hood, the positioning device includes an RTK positioner, and the RTK positioner is fixed to the barrel hood by an electromagnetic telescopic rod.

[0010] Preferably, the plow-type soil breaker comprises a cutter shaft connected to an annular connection and an annular slide rail, a plurality of arc-shaped cutter hubs are axially equidistantly provided on the cutter shaft, and cutter teeth are detachably provided on the lower end of the cutter hub.

[0011] Preferably, a second motor is provided on the back of the plow-type soil breaker, the rotating shaft of the second motor is connected to a gear, the spiral lifting mechanism is provided with a gear ring meshing with the gear, the annular slide rail is provided with a third motor, the rotating shaft of the third motor is connected to the first bevel gear, and the rotating shaft of the spiral scraper is provided with a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear.

[0012] Preferably, the dredging and earth-breaking mechanism further comprises an inner support frame fixedly mounted on the spiral lifting mechanism, wherein a plurality of radial rods are equidistantly arranged circumferentially on the inner support frame, a gear ring is arranged at the bottom, and block joints tangent to the inner wall of the barrel cover are arranged at the ends of the radial rods.

[0013] Preferably, the spiral lifting mechanism includes an internal spiral auger and an external lifting pipe, a conical protective shell is provided at the bottom of the lifting pipe, a soil inlet corresponding to the spiral scraper is provided below the side wall, and a first motor for driving the spiral auger to rotate is provided inside the conical protective shell; the conical protective shell includes a conical shell with the tip facing downward, a first motor is provided inside the conical shell, and a plurality of vertical connecting rods connected to the lifting pipe are equidistantly provided on the circumference of the upper end surface.

[0014] Preferably, the lifting pipe includes an upper tube fixed at the center of the barrel hood and a lower tube slidably mounted under the upper tube, the lower tube is provided with an inner support frame, one end of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the inner support frame, and the other end is connected to the top of the barrel hood; an annular interface extending downward is provided at the center of the top of the barrel hood, the upper tube includes an outer tube fixed to the upper end surface of the annular interface, an inner tube fixed to the lower end surface of the annular interface and a sliding tube fixed to the lower end surface of the inner tube.

[0015] Preferably, the spiral auger includes an auger shaft and spiral blades. The auger shaft is a hollow structure containing a water pipe, and a plurality of nozzles connected to the water pipe are equidistantly arranged axially. The spiral blades are radially provided with a plurality of long protrusions, and the side walls are provided with material-blocking flanges.

[0016] Preferably, a fixing frame is provided in the lifting tube, and the fixing frame includes a sleeve welded to the auger shaft, and a plurality of cross bars tangent to the inner wall of the lifting tube are equidistantly provided on the side wall of the sleeve, and the spiral auger is provided with a plurality of axial butt joints, and fixing frames are welded at the joints.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for using an efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step S100, the barrel cover mechanism, the spiral lifting mechanism, the dredging breaking mechanism, the tilt correction mechanism and the positioning device of the underwater dry dredging device are connected to the controller, and after the dredger travels to the area to be dredged, the underwater dry dredging device is hoisted and lowered to the mud bed to be dredged, and the penetration process is monitored by the camera on the top of the barrel cover;

[0019] Step S200: When the underwater dry dredging device can penetrate the mud bed to a predetermined depth by its own weight, the device is leveled by a tilt correction mechanism after being stabilized;

[0020] Step S300: When the underwater dry dredging device cannot penetrate the mud bed to a predetermined depth by its own weight, water is pumped out by a water pump, so that the barrel cover continues to penetrate into the mud bed under the action of negative pressure vacuum. During the penetration process, the tilt correction mechanism is used to perform leveling. When the dredging breaking mechanism reaches a predetermined depth, the pumping is terminated.

[0021] Step S400, start the water pump to pump water to create a waterless environment in the barrel-shaped cover, and simultaneously supply air to the barrel-shaped cover through the air supply pipe to prevent negative pressure from forming in the barrel-shaped cover. After the water pumping is completed, the water pumping and ventilation are terminated;

[0022] Step S500, turning on the first motor, the second motor and the third motor, driving the plow-type soil breaker and the spiral scraper to revolve through the second motor, and driving the spiral scraper to rotate through the third motor, the spiral scraper transports soil to the soil inlet of the spiral lifting mechanism while breaking the soil, and the spiral lifting mechanism transports the soil upward to the target position;

[0023] Step S600: When a hard obstacle is encountered during the earth-breaking process, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder in the barrel cover is controlled to retract, so as to lift up the dredging earth-breaking mechanism, and then lower the dredging earth-breaking mechanism after the obstacle is passed;

[0024] Step S600: after the dredging and breaking mechanism completes dredging of the soil at a specified depth through observation by the camera, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder in the barrel cover is controlled to extend, so that the lower pipe of the spiral lifting mechanism and the dredging and breaking mechanism move downward, so that the dredging and breaking mechanism sinks into the mud again, and a deeper dredging operation is performed;

[0025] Step S700, after one operation is completed, turn off the first motor, the second motor and the third motor, inject water into the barrel cover through the water pump, and simultaneously open the air pipe to exhaust air. After the barrel cover is filled with water, control the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder to extend, pull the barrel cover upward out of the mud bed, and then hoist and shift it to change the dredging area and continue construction.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0027] 1. The present invention adopts a closed barrel-shaped working space. The round barrel-shaped cover can be pressed into the seabed, ensuring the sealing of the working space, effectively preventing the diffusion of silt, and reducing the disturbance of the water body around the barrel-shaped cover;

[0028] 2. The barrel cover is connected to the water pump and the air pipe, which can take in air while pumping water, ensuring that the water inside the barrel cover is not affected by the vacuum inside the cover when draining water, reducing the water content of the dredged soil, thereby reducing the energy consumption of soil transportation and increasing the dredged soil output of a single operation;

[0029] 3. The dredging and earth-breaking mechanism includes a plow-type earth-breaker and a spiral scraper. The plow-type earth-breaker and the spiral scraper rotate together with the annular connection and the annular slide rail. The plow-type earth-breaker first destroys the soil, and the spiral scraper can transport the soil to the soil inlet of the spiral lifting mechanism while realizing the earth-breaking function, thereby improving the working efficiency;

[0030] 4. A tilt correction mechanism is provided on the barrel cover to adjust the barrel cover’s tilt. When the barrel cover tilts during the process of being pressed into the seabed, the attitude sensor transmits a signal to the controller, and the controller controls the second hydraulic cylinder to extend and retract to restore the sinking end to the horizontal level. By timely leveling the barrel cover, the safe and stable operation of the dredging operation can be ensured.

[0031] 5. The meshing transmission structure of the second motor, gear and gear ring drives the annular connection, annular slide rail, plow-type breaker and spiral scraper to rotate around the spiral lifting mechanism, with a compact structure;

[0032] 6. The inner support frame of the dredging and earth-breaking mechanism is fixed on the spiral lifting mechanism. A number of radial rods are arranged on the inner support frame. The block joints at the ends of the radial rods slide against the inner wall of the barrel cover, which can center the spiral lifting mechanism and improve the use stability of the spiral lifting mechanism.

[0033] 7. The spiral lifting mechanism includes a vertical spiral auger and a lifting pipe. The spiral auger rotates to transport the soil upward. The lifting pipe of the spiral lifting mechanism is divided into an upper pipe and a lower pipe. The sliding sleeve of the lower pipe is set below the upper pipe. When the first hydraulic cylinder drives the inner support frame to rise and fall, the lower pipe connected to the inner support frame rises and falls accordingly, which can not only realize the extension and retraction of the lifting pipe to a specified height, but also ensure the continuity of the earth-breaking-transportation process. The extension function can cooperate with the dredging earth-breaking mechanism to complete dredging operations at different depths, and can also bypass hard obstacles that suddenly appear on the seabed, ensuring the safe operation of the equipment and smooth construction;

[0034] 8. The upper tube of the spiral lifting mechanism is a split design, including an outer tube arranged on the upper end face of the annular interface of the barrel cover, an inner tube fixed on the lower end face of the annular interface, and a sliding tube fixed on the lower end face of the inner tube. The split design is easy to maintain. When any one of the outer tube, inner tube and sliding tube is damaged, a separate part can be replaced without replacing the entire upper tube. At the same time, the split design is also conducive to the disassembly, transportation and assembly of the equipment;

[0035] 9. The spiral blades of the spiral auger are provided with long protrusions and material-blocking flanges. The long protrusions can increase friction and improve the soil conveying capacity. The material-blocking flanges can prevent soil from falling from the gap between the spiral blades and the lifting pipe under the action of centrifugal force, thereby improving the conveying efficiency. The auger shaft contains a water pipe, which can spray water through the nozzle on the auger shaft to prevent soil from silting up and improve the ability to convey soil of different soil qualities.

[0036] 10. A fixed frame is provided inside the lifting pipe, which can center the auger shaft and improve the rotation stability of the spiral auger;

[0037] 11. The blade hub and blade teeth of the plow-type breaker are detachable. By replacing the flat teeth and sharp teeth, it can cut different soils or rocks, greatly improving the ability of dredging projects to cope with different soil types;

[0038] In summary, the present invention significantly improves the dredging output and efficiency through innovative design. During the operation, it can avoid the pollution of the surrounding water bodies by sediment and avoid the discharge of mud and water, which meets the dual requirements of modern dredging projects for environmental protection and efficient operation. In addition, the plow-type breaker can achieve the cutting of different soils or rocks by replacing flat teeth and pointed teeth, greatly improving the working ability of dredging projects to cope with different soil types, and has strong adaptability and broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 An exploded view of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a barrel cover mechanism;

[0042] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the spiral lifting mechanism;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dredging earth-breaking mechanism;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the connection state between the plow-type soil breaker and the second motor in Example 1;

[0045] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the plow-type soil breaker in Example 2.

[0046] Description of Reference Numerals

[0047] 1. Barrel cover mechanism, 11. Barrel cover, 111. Ring interface, 12. Water pump, 13. Air pipe, 14. Lifting ring, 15. Camera, 16. Drain pipe, 161. Filter, 2. Spiral lifting mechanism, 21. Spiral auger, 211. Auger shaft, 212. Spiral blade, 213. Nozzle, 214. Long protrusion, 215. Material blocking flange, 22. Lifting pipe, 221. Upper pipe, 2211. Outer pipe, 2212. Inner pipe, 2213. Sliding pipe, 222. Lower pipe, 2221. Soil inlet, 23. First motor, 24. Conical protective shell, 241. Conical shell, 242. Vertical connecting rod, 25. Fixed frame, 251. Shaft Sleeve, 252, cross bar, 3, dredging breaking mechanism, 31, annular connection, 32, annular slide rail, 33, plough breaker, 331, knife shaft, 332, knife hub, 333, knife teeth, 34, spiral scraper, 35, inner support frame, 351, radial rod, 352, block joint, 353, ring structure, 354, connecting rod, 36, first hydraulic cylinder, 37, second motor, 371, gear, 372, ring gear, 38, third motor, 381, first bevel gear, 382, ​​second bevel gear, 4, tilt correction mechanism, 41, attitude sensor, 42, second hydraulic cylinder, 5, positioning device, 51, RTK positioner, 52, electromagnetic telescopic rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The specific implementation of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0049] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so that people familiar with this technology can understand and read them, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship or adjustment of size should fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0050] At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships should be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] Combined with Figure 1-6 The present embodiment provides an efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device, including a barrel cover mechanism 1, wherein the barrel cover mechanism 1 includes a cylindrical barrel cover 11, a water pump 12 and an air pipe 13 are provided on the top of the barrel cover 11, a spiral material lifting mechanism 2 passes through and is fixedly arranged at the center of the barrel cover 11, and a dredging breaking mechanism 3 is connected to the bottom, wherein the dredging breaking mechanism 3 includes an annular connection 31 rotatably connected to the spiral material lifting mechanism 2, an annular slide rail 32 abutting against the inner wall of the barrel cover 11, and a plow-type breaker 33 and a spiral scraper 34 radially connecting the annular connection 31 and the annular slide rail 32.

[0053] In the above technical solution, the barrel-shaped cover mechanism 1 can form a closed barrel-shaped working space, and the barrel-shaped cover 11 is pressed into the seabed. The seabed and the barrel-shaped cover 11 with an opening at the bottom together form a closed working space, which can effectively prevent the diffusion of silt and reduce the disturbance of the water body around the barrel-shaped cover 11 during dredging operations; the water pump 12 is used to discharge the water inside the barrel-shaped cover 11 to form a dry environment, and the air pipe 13 is used to inject or extract air into the barrel-shaped cover 11 to adjust the internal pressure of the barrel-shaped cover 11. In this embodiment, the air pipe 13 is A valve is provided, and the valve opens and closes under control to open or close the gas pipeline. Of course, a valve can also be provided at the gas source supplying gas to the gas pipeline 13; the spiral lifting mechanism 2 is a spiral feeder in the prior art, which is used to transport the soil inside the barrel cover mechanism 1 from the bottom of the barrel cover 11 upward to the soil collection point; the dredging and breaking mechanism 3 includes a plow-type soil breaker 33 and a spiral scraper 34. The plow-type soil breaker 33 is a traditional soil breaking tool, which has evolved from the plow rake used for plowing in ancient times and can quickly destroy the soil. It has various forms Any suitable commercially available product is applicable to the present invention. The spiral scraper 34 is a common accessory in the prior art, which is composed of a spiral blade and a rotating shaft for fixing the spiral blade. It will not be repeated. In this embodiment, a radial connecting rod is also provided between the annular connection 31 and the annular slide rail 32. The plow-type soil breaker 33, the spiral scraper 34 and the radial connecting rod are arranged equidistantly around the circumference of the annular connection 31 (i.e., they form an angle of 120° with each other), so as to improve the connection stability between the annular connection 31 and the annular slide rail 32. Of course, It is also possible not to set the radial connecting rod, and arrange the plow-type breaker 33 and the spiral scraper 34 equidistantly around the circumference so that the two form a straight line in the radial direction. When in use, the plow-type breaker 33 and the spiral scraper 34 rotate together with the annular connection 31 and the annular slide rail 32. The plow-type breaker 33 first destroys the soil, and the spiral scraper 34 further scrapes the mud and completes the radial transportation of the soil through self-rotation. While realizing the soil breaking function, the soil can be transported to the direction of the spiral lifting mechanism 2 to achieve soil aggregation and improve work efficiency.

[0054] In a specific technical solution, a lifting ring 14 is provided on the top upper end surface of the barrel-shaped cover 11 , a camera 15 and a drainage pipe 16 connected to the water pump 12 are provided on the top lower end surface, and a filter screen 161 is provided at the bottom of the drainage pipe 16 .

[0055] In the above technical solution, the drain pipe 16 discharges the water inside the barrel cover 11 through the water pump 12, and the filter screen 161 is used to filter the sediment.

[0056] In a specific technical solution, a tilt correction mechanism 4 and a positioning device 5 are provided on the barrel hood 11. The tilt correction mechanism 4 includes a posture sensor 41 arranged on the top of the barrel hood 11 and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders 42 equidistantly arranged on the side wall of the barrel hood 11. The positioning device 5 includes an RTK positioner 51, and the RTK positioner 51 is fixed to the barrel hood 11 through an electromagnetic telescopic rod 52.

[0057] In the above technical solution, the tilt correction mechanism 4 is used for tilting and leveling the barrel cover 11. When the barrel cover 11 tilts during being pressed into the seabed, the attitude sensor 41 transmits a signal to the controller, and the controller controls the extension and retraction of the second hydraulic cylinder 42 to restore the sinking end to the horizontal state. For example, if one side of the barrel cover 11 tilts and sinks, leveling can be achieved by controlling the extension of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 42 on that side. By timely leveling the barrel cover 11, the safe and stable operation of the dredging operation can be guaranteed; the positioning device 5 is used to track the construction lowering position of the dredging device, and the signal strength of the RTK locator 51 is adjusted by controlling the extension and retraction of the electromagnetic telescopic rod 52.

[0058] In a specific technical solution, a second motor 37 is provided on the back of the plow-type soil breaker 33, and the rotating shaft of the second motor 37 is connected to a gear 371. The spiral lifting mechanism 2 is provided with a gear ring 372 meshing with the gear 371. The annular slide rail 32 is provided with a third motor 38, and the rotating shaft of the third motor 38 is connected to a first bevel gear 381. The rotating shaft of the spiral scraper 34 is provided with a second bevel gear 382 meshing with the first bevel gear 381.

[0059] In the above technical solution, the annular connection 31, the annular slide rail 32, the plow-type breaker 33 and the spiral scraper 34 are driven to rotate around the spiral lifting mechanism 2 through the meshing transmission structure of the second motor 37 with the gear 371 and the ring gear 372, and the structure is compact; the rotating shaft of the third motor 38 drives the rotating shaft of the spiral scraper 34 to rotate through the gear meshing transmission structure, and the spiral scraper 34 rotates around its own rotating shaft.

[0060] In a specific technical solution, the dredging and earth-breaking mechanism 3 also includes an inner support frame 35 fixed on the spiral lifting mechanism 2, and a plurality of radial rods 351 are equidistantly arranged circumferentially on the inner support frame 35, a gear ring 372 is arranged at the bottom, and a block joint 352 tangent to the inner wall of the barrel cover 11 is arranged at the end of the radial rod 351.

[0061] In the above technical scheme, the inner support frame 35 is preferably fixed to the spiral lifting mechanism 2 by welding, and a plurality of radial rods 351 are arranged on the inner support frame 35. The block joints 352 at the ends of the radial rods 351 slide against the inner wall of the barrel cover 11. The above structure can be used to center the spiral lifting mechanism 2 to improve the stability of the spiral lifting mechanism 2. The inner support frame 35 can adopt any suitable frame structure. In this embodiment, the inner support frame 35 includes a circular ring structure 353 welded to the spiral lifting mechanism 2, and four radial rods 351 are equidistantly arranged on the circumference of the outer wall of the circular ring structure 353. A connecting rod 354 is arranged between two adjacent radial rods 351. The four connecting rods 354 form a square frame structure. The inner support frame 35 adopting the above structure has a simple structure and high supporting strength.

[0062] In a specific technical solution, the spiral lifting mechanism 2 includes an internal spiral auger 21 and an external lifting pipe 22, a conical protective shell 24 is provided at the bottom of the lifting pipe 22, a soil inlet 2221 corresponding to the spiral scraper 34 is provided below the side wall, and a first motor 23 for driving the spiral auger 21 to rotate is provided inside the conical protective shell 24; the conical protective shell 24 includes a conical shell 241 with the tip facing downward, a first motor 23 is provided inside the conical shell 241, and a plurality of vertical connecting rods 242 connected to the lifting pipe 22 are equidistantly provided on the circumference of the upper end surface.

[0063] In the above technical solution, the first motor 23 is preferably connected to the auger shaft 211 of the auger 21 by a coupling or other connecting parts. When the soil transported by the spiral scraper 34 enters the soil inlet 2221, the first motor 23 drives the auger 21 to rotate, thereby realizing the upward transportation of the soil.

[0064] In a specific technical scheme, the lifting pipe 22 includes an upper tube 221 fixed at the center of the barrel hood 11 and a lower tube 222 slidably mounted under the upper tube 221, the lower tube 222 is provided with an inner support frame 35, one end of the first hydraulic cylinder 36 is connected to the inner support frame 35, and the other end is connected to the top of the barrel hood 11; a downwardly extending annular interface 111 is provided at the center of the top of the barrel hood 11, the upper tube 221 includes an outer tube 2211 fixed to the upper end surface of the annular interface 111, an inner tube 2212 fixed to the lower end surface of the annular interface 111 and a sliding tube 2213 fixed to the lower end surface of the inner tube 2212.

[0065] In the above technical solution, the lower tube 222 of the lifting tube 22 is slidably sleeved under the upper tube 221. When the first hydraulic cylinder 36 drives the inner support frame 35 to rise and fall, the lower tube 222 connected to the inner support frame 35 rises and falls accordingly, so that the lifting tube 22 can be extended and retracted to a specified height. The extension function can cooperate with the dredging and earth-breaking mechanism 3 to complete dredging operations at different depths, and can also bypass hard obstacles that suddenly appear on the seabed, so as to ensure the safe operation and smooth construction of the equipment. The upper tube 221 is not an integrated structure, but includes a setting The outer tube 2211 on the upper end surface of the annular interface 111 of the barrel cover 11, the inner tube 2212 fixed on the lower end surface of the annular interface and the slide tube 2213 fixed on the lower end surface of the inner tube 2212, the slide tube 2213 and the lower tube 222 are slidably matched. The split design is convenient for maintenance. When any one of the outer tube 2211, the inner tube 2212 and the slide tube 2213 is damaged, a separate part can be replaced without replacing the entire upper tube 221. At the same time, the split design is also conducive to the disassembly, transportation and assembly of the equipment;

[0066] In a specific technical solution, the spiral auger 21 includes an auger shaft 211 and a spiral blade 212. The auger shaft 211 is a hollow structure containing a water pipe (not shown in the figure). A plurality of nozzles 213 connected to the water pipe are axially equidistantly arranged. The spiral blade 212 is radially provided with a plurality of long protrusions 214, and a material blocking flange 215 is provided on the side wall.

[0067] In the above technical solution, the interior of the auger shaft 211 is a hollow structure containing a water pipe, and water can be sprayed through the nozzle 213 on the auger shaft 211 to prevent soil accumulation. The long protrusions 214 on the spiral blades 212 can increase the friction of the soil and facilitate transportation. The material blocking flange 215 can prevent the soil from falling from the gap between the spiral blades 212 and the lifting pipe 22 under the action of centrifugal force.

[0068] In a specific technical solution, a fixing frame 25 is provided inside the lifting tube 22, and the fixing frame 25 includes a sleeve 251 welded to the auger shaft 211, and a plurality of cross bars 252 tangent to the inner wall of the lifting tube 22 are equidistantly provided on the side wall of the sleeve 251, and the spiral auger 21 is axially connected with a plurality of fixing frames 25 welded at the connection points.

[0069] In the above technical scheme, the fixing frame 25 can center the auger shaft 211 to improve the rotational stability of the spiral auger 21. The cross bar 252 is tangent to the inner wall of the lifting tube 22, so the cross bar 252 can rotate along the inner wall of the lifting tube 22 and can also slide vertically along the inner wall of the lifting tube 22. The spiral auger 21 can be provided with multiple axial dockings according to the conveying stroke, which is convenient for installation and maintenance. The fixing frame 25 is welded at the docking point, which can improve the connection stability and the conveying stability. In this embodiment, the spiral augers 21 are provided with two axial dockings, and the fixing frames 25 welded to the auger shafts 211 of the two spiral augers 21 are located in the inner tube 2212.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Combined with Figure 7 This embodiment provides an efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device, and optimizes the structure of the plough-type earth-breaker 33 in Embodiment 1. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0072] The plow-type soil breaker 33 includes a knife shaft 331 connecting the annular connection 31 and the annular slide rail 32. The knife shaft 331 is axially equidistantly provided with a plurality of arc-shaped knife hubs 332. The lower end of the knife hub 332 is detachably provided with knife teeth 333.

[0073] The plough-type soil breaker 33 in this embodiment is modular in design. Figure 7 As shown, the blade hub 332 has an arc surface inclined from top to bottom on the side facing the digging, forming a structure similar to a shovel. The blade teeth 333 are arranged at the lower end of the blade hub 332, that is, at the free end below the arc surface, so as to be easily inserted into the soil. The blade hub 332 and the blade teeth 333 are detachably connected, and the blade teeth 333 can be replaced according to the soil conditions to meet the construction requirements under different soil conditions. For example, the flat teeth can dig clay and sand, and the pointed teeth can dig clay of considerable strength or some severely eroded rocks.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] This embodiment provides a method for using an efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device, comprising the following steps:

[0076] Step S100, the barrel cover mechanism 1, the spiral material lifting mechanism 2, the dredging and earth-breaking mechanism 3, the tilt correction mechanism 4 and the positioning device 5 of the underwater dry dredging device are connected to the controller. After the dredger travels to the area to be dredged, the underwater dry dredging device is hoisted and lowered to the mud bed to be dredged, and the penetration process is monitored by the camera 15 on the top of the barrel cover 11; the barrel cover mechanism 1, the spiral material lifting mechanism 2, the dredging and earth-breaking mechanism 3, the tilt correction mechanism 4 and the positioning device 5 are connected to the controller, which means that the electrical drive elements on the barrel cover mechanism 1, the spiral material lifting mechanism 2, the dredging and earth-breaking mechanism 3, the tilt correction mechanism 4 and the positioning device 5 are connected to the controller, such as the water pump 12, the air pipe 13, the first motor 23, the second motor 37, the third motor 38, the first hydraulic cylinder 36, the second hydraulic cylinder 42, the RTK positioner 51, the electromagnetic telescopic rod 52, etc. This is common knowledge and will not be repeated;

[0077] Step S200: When the underwater dry dredging device can penetrate the mud bed to a predetermined depth by its own weight, the device is leveled by the tilt correction mechanism 4 after being stabilized;

[0078] Step S300, when the underwater dry dredging device cannot penetrate the mud bed to a predetermined depth by its own weight, water is pumped by the water pump 12, so that the barrel cover 11 continues to penetrate into the mud bed under the action of negative pressure vacuum, and leveling is performed by the tilt correction mechanism 4 during the penetration process. When the dredging breaking mechanism 3 reaches a predetermined depth, the pumping is stopped;

[0079] Step S400, start the water pump 12 to pump water to create a waterless environment in the barrel cover 11, and simultaneously supply air to the barrel cover 11 through the air pipe 13 to prevent negative pressure from forming in the barrel cover 11. After the water pumping is completed, the water pumping and ventilation are terminated;

[0080] Step S500, turn on the first motor 23, the second motor 37 and the third motor 38, drive the plow-type soil breaker 33 and the spiral scraper 34 to revolve through the second motor 37, and drive the spiral scraper 34 to rotate through the third motor 38, the spiral scraper 34 transports soil to the soil inlet 2221 of the spiral lifting mechanism 2 while breaking the soil, and the spiral lifting mechanism 2 transports the soil upward to the target position;

[0081] Step S600: When a hard obstacle is encountered during the earth-breaking process, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 36 in the barrel cover 11 is controlled to contract, so as to lift the dredging earth-breaking mechanism 3, and then lower the dredging earth-breaking mechanism 3 after the obstacle is passed;

[0082] Step S600: After the dredging and breaking mechanism 3 has completed dredging the soil at a specified depth through observation by the camera 15, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 36 in the barrel cover 11 is controlled to extend, so that the lower pipe 222 of the spiral lifting mechanism 2 and the dredging and breaking mechanism 3 move downward, so that the dredging and breaking mechanism sinks into the mud again to perform a deeper dredging operation;

[0083] Step S700, after one operation is completed, turn off the first motor 23, the second motor 37 and the third motor 38, inject water into the barrel cover 11 through the water pump 12, and simultaneously open the air pipe 13 to exhaust air. After the barrel cover 11 is filled with water, control the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 42 to extend, pull the barrel cover 11 upward out of the mud bed, and then hoist and shift it to change the dredging area and continue construction.

[0084] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement modes and shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a barrel cover mechanism (1), wherein the barrel cover mechanism (1) comprises a cylindrical barrel cover (11), a water pump (12) and an air pipe (13) are arranged on the top of the barrel cover (11), a spiral material lifting mechanism (2) passes through and is fixedly arranged at the center of the barrel cover (11), and a dredging and breaking mechanism (3) is connected to the bottom thereof, wherein the dredging and breaking mechanism (3) comprises an annular connection (31) rotatably connected to the spiral material lifting mechanism (2), an annular slide rail (32) abutting against the inner wall of the barrel cover (11), and a plough-type breaking device (33) and a spiral scraper (34) radially connecting the annular connection (31) and the annular slide rail (32).

2. The efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper end surface of the barrel-shaped cover (11) is provided with a lifting ring (14), the lower end surface of the top is provided with a camera (15) and a drainage pipe (16) connected to a water pump (12), and the bottom of the drainage pipe (16) is provided with a filter net (161); the barrel-shaped cover (11) is provided with a tilt correction mechanism (4) and a positioning device (5), the tilt correction mechanism (4) comprises a posture sensor (41) arranged on the top of the barrel-shaped cover (11) and a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders (42) equidistantly arranged on the side wall of the barrel-shaped cover (11), and the positioning device (5) comprises an RTK positioner (51), and the RTK positioner (51) is fixed to the barrel-shaped cover (11) through an electromagnetic telescopic rod (52).

3. The efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plough-type soil breaker (33) comprises a knife shaft (331) connected to an annular connection (31) and an annular slide rail (32); a plurality of arc-shaped knife hubs (332) are equidistantly arranged axially on the knife shaft (331); and knife teeth (333) are detachably arranged at the lower end of the knife hub (332).

4. The efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A second motor (37) is provided on the back of the plow-type soil breaker (33); a rotating shaft of the second motor (37) is connected to a gear (371); a gear ring (372) meshing with the gear (371) is provided on the spiral material lifting mechanism (2); a third motor (38) is provided on the annular slide rail (32); a rotating shaft of the third motor (38) is connected to a first bevel gear (381); and a second bevel gear (382) meshing with the first bevel gear (381) is provided on the rotating shaft of the spiral scraper (34).

5. The efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The dredging and earth-breaking mechanism (3) further comprises an inner support frame (35) fixedly mounted on the spiral lifting mechanism (2), wherein a plurality of radial rods (351) are equidistantly arranged circumferentially on the inner support frame (35), a gear ring (372) is arranged at the bottom, and a block joint (352) tangent to the inner wall of the barrel cover (11) is arranged at the end of the radial rod (351).

6. The efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spiral material lifting mechanism (2) comprises an internal spiral auger (21) and an external material lifting pipe (22); a conical protective shell (24) is provided at the bottom of the material lifting pipe (22); a soil inlet (2221) corresponding to the spiral scraper (34) is provided below the side wall; a first motor (23) for driving the spiral auger (21) to rotate is provided inside the conical protective shell (24); the conical protective shell (24) comprises a conical shell (241) with a tip facing downward; a first motor (23) is provided inside the conical shell (241); and a plurality of vertical connecting rods (242) connected to the material lifting pipe (22) are provided equidistantly on the circumference of the upper end surface.

7. The efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The lifting pipe (22) comprises an upper pipe (221) fixed at the center of the barrel-shaped cover (11) and a lower pipe (222) slidably sleeved below the upper pipe (221); an inner support frame (35) is provided on the lower pipe (222); one end of a first hydraulic cylinder (36) is connected to the inner support frame (35), and the other end is connected to the top of the barrel-shaped cover (11); a downwardly extending annular interface (111) is provided at the center of the top of the barrel-shaped cover (11); the upper pipe (221) comprises an outer pipe (2211) fixed to the upper end surface of the annular interface (111), an inner pipe (2212) fixed to the lower end surface of the annular interface (111), and a sliding pipe (2213) fixed to the lower end surface of the inner pipe (2212).

8. The efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spiral auger (21) comprises an auger shaft (211) and a spiral blade (212). The auger shaft (211) is a hollow structure containing a water pipe, and a plurality of nozzles (213) connected to the water pipe are equidistantly arranged axially. The spiral blade (212) is radially provided with a plurality of long protrusions (214), and a material blocking flange (215) is provided on the side wall.

9. The efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A fixing frame (25) is provided inside the lifting tube (22), and the fixing frame (25) comprises a shaft sleeve (251) welded to the auger shaft (211). A plurality of cross bars (252) tangent to the inner wall of the lifting tube (22) are equidistantly provided on the circumference of the side wall of the shaft sleeve (251), and the spiral auger (21) is axially butt-jointed with a plurality of fixing frames (25) at the joints.

10. A method for using a highly efficient and environmentally friendly underwater dry dredging device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S100, the barrel cover mechanism (1), the spiral material lifting mechanism (2), the dredging and breaking mechanism (3), the tilt correction mechanism (4) and the positioning device (5) of the underwater dry dredging device are connected to the controller, and after the dredger travels to the area to be dredged, the underwater dry dredging device is hoisted and lowered to the mud bed to be dredged, and the penetration process is monitored by the camera (15) on the top of the barrel cover (11); Step S200: When the underwater dry dredging device can penetrate the mud bed to a predetermined depth by its own weight, the device is leveled by the tilt correction mechanism (4) after it becomes stable. Step S300: When the underwater dry dredging device cannot penetrate the mud bed to a predetermined depth by its own weight, water is pumped out by a water pump (12), so that the barrel cover (11) continues to penetrate into the mud bed under the action of negative pressure vacuum. During the penetration process, the tilt correction mechanism (4) is used to perform leveling. When the dredging breaking mechanism (3) reaches a predetermined depth, the pumping is terminated. Step S400, start the water pump (12) to pump water to create a waterless environment in the barrel-shaped cover (11), and simultaneously supply air to the barrel-shaped cover (11) through the air supply pipe (13) to prevent the formation of negative pressure in the barrel-shaped cover (11). After the water pumping is completed, the water pumping and ventilation are terminated; Step S500, turning on the first motor (23), the second motor (37) and the third motor (38), driving the plow-type soil breaker (33) and the spiral scraper (34) to revolve through the second motor (37), and driving the spiral scraper (34) to rotate through the third motor (38), so that the spiral scraper (34) delivers soil to the soil inlet (2221) of the spiral lifting mechanism (2) while breaking the soil, and the spiral lifting mechanism (2) transports the soil upward to the target position; Step S600: When a hard obstacle is encountered during the earth-breaking process, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (36) in the barrel-shaped cover (11) is controlled to retract, so as to lift the earth-breaking mechanism (3), and then lower the earth-breaking mechanism (3) after the obstacle is passed; Step S600: after the dredging and breaking mechanism (3) has completed dredging the soil at a specified depth through observation by the camera (15), the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (36) in the barrel cover (11) is controlled to extend, so that the lower tube (222) of the spiral lifting mechanism (2) and the dredging and breaking mechanism (3) move downward, so that the dredging and breaking mechanism sinks into the mud again, and a deeper dredging operation is performed; Step S700, after one operation is completed, the first motor (23), the second motor (37) and the third motor (38) are turned off, water is injected into the barrel cover (11) through the water pump (12), and the air pipe (13) is opened simultaneously to exhaust air. After the barrel cover (11) is filled with water, the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (42) is controlled to extend, and the barrel cover (11) is pulled upward out of the mud bed. After that, it is hoisted and moved, the dredging area is changed, and the construction continues.

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