Rapid supporting method suitable for large-gradient inclined shaft

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid supporting method suitable for a large-gradient inclined shaft. The rapid supporting method comprises the following steps: (1) optimizing labor organization and selecting and optimizing construction equipment and mechanical equipment; and (2) selecting and optimizing inclined shaft construction equipment and mechanical equipment. And (3) rapid construction and reasonable configuration of the excavator and the dump truck. And (4) an optimal calculation method of the slag tapping time of the highway tunnel and the inclined shaft under the trackless transportation condition. And (5) optimizing the sequence of the construction sections under the multi-working-face condition. (6) basic steps of construction section sequencing optimization: firstly, respectively solving various possible basic sequence intervals; then listing a basic sequencing intermittent matrix table; and finally, determining an optimal project sorting mode. And (7) optimizing the tunnel construction sequence under the multi-working-face condition. According to the method, through optimization of labor and mechanical configuration, accurate calculation of the deslagging time under the trackless transportation condition and the like, the construction efficiency of the large-gradient inclined shaft is remarkably improved, and a new thought is provided for solving the tunnel construction problem under the complex geological condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of inclined shaft support, and in particular to a rapid support method suitable for large-slope inclined shafts. Background Art

[0002] In terms of construction organization, existing technologies mostly rely on experience to configure personnel and equipment, and slag transportation plans and multi-face construction arrangements are usually based on traditional methods and lack systematic optimization. In view of the characteristics of large-slope inclined shafts, such as difficulty in slag removal and high requirements for ventilation and smoke exhaust, the engineering community also has some improvement measures, such as step-by-step excavation and improved ventilation equipment, but these measures often target single problems and lack overall solutions.

[0003] The experience-based construction organization method is difficult to achieve refined management, which easily leads to waste of resources and delays in construction period. This problem is more prominent in complex inclined shaft projects with large slopes and multiple working faces. The existing improvement measures for large-slope inclined shafts are relatively scattered, lacking in systematization and pertinence, and it is difficult to effectively solve the comprehensive problems faced by large-slope inclined shaft construction. This is because: (1) Inclined shafts are underground building structures. Restricted by geological and hydrogeological conditions, the construction environment is poor, the difficulty is high, the technology is complex, and the requirements are high. (2) Inclined shaft construction is an underground operation involving multiple processes and multiple types of work. The working face is narrow and has a certain slope. The slag and feed transportation volume is large, drainage is difficult, and construction interference is large. (3) Most of the tunnel inclined shafts are located in mountains and have small sites. A variety of mechanical equipment must be used, and a considerable number of facilities outside the tunnel are required to ensure the construction inside the tunnel. However, the terrain outside the tunnel is often restricted, and site layout is difficult. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a rapid support method suitable for steep inclined shafts, which significantly improves the construction efficiency of steep inclined shafts, shortens the construction period, reduces costs, and improves the refined management level of steep inclined shaft construction, providing a new idea for solving tunnel construction problems under complex geological conditions. Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0005] A rapid support method suitable for a large-slope inclined shaft comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Optimization of labor organization and selection of construction machinery and equipment.

[0007] (2) Selection and optimization of inclined shaft construction machinery and equipment.

[0008] (3) Reasonable configuration of excavators and dump trucks for rapid construction.

[0009] (4) Optimal calculation method for slag discharge time in highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions.

[0010] (5) Optimization of construction section sequencing under multiple working face conditions.

[0011] (6) Basic steps for optimizing construction sequence: First, find out all possible basic sequence intervals. Then list the basic sequence interval matrix. Finally, determine the optimal engineering sequence mode.

[0012] (7) Optimization of tunnel construction sequence under multiple working face conditions.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (4), the calculation method is as follows:

[0014] 1. Slag discharge in one cycle Q: Q = S·L·Kr;

[0015] Where: S—slant shaft cross-sectional area, m 2 ; L—cycle footage, m; Kr—rock looseness coefficient.

[0016] 2. The loading time T for the loading equipment to fill a truck with slag 装 :

[0017]

[0018] Where: V 车 —Dump truck volume, m 3 ; W—loading equipment hourly capacity, m 3 / h.

[0019] 3. The pure travel time T of a dump truck for a round trip 往返 :

[0020]

[0021] Where: T 洞内 、T 洞外 —Walking time inside the cave, walking time outside the cave, min; L 洞内 , L 洞外 — Walking distance inside the cave, walking distance outside the cave, km; v 洞内 、v 洞外 —Walking speed inside the cave, walking speed outside the cave, km / h.

[0022] 4. The total time T for a dump truck to unload a load of slag 总 :

[0023] T 总 =T 装 +T 卸 +T 往返

[0024] Where: T卸 —Dump truck unloading time, min;

[0025] 5. The total number of dump trucks required to clean up all the rock debris from a blasting is N':

[0026]

[0027] 6. The time required to use a dump truck to clean up all the rock debris from a blasting operation T':

[0028] T′=N′×T 总

[0029] 7. When the total number of dump trucks put into construction is N, the time required to clean the working surface is T:

[0030]

[0031] Where: N is the total number of dump trucks to be deployed.

[0032] The time to complete all the slag discharge, that is, the time T to clean the working face, is related to the total footage of the inclined shaft (the distance X from the inclined shaft mouth to the working face) and the total number of vehicles N to be put into use. It can be made into a table and the slag discharge vehicles can be determined based on the table.

[0033] Furthermore, in step (5), the present invention finds and confirms that the key to the calculation of the total construction period is the size of the basic sequencing interval Z. The basic sequencing flow step of the project is calculated based on the concept analysis, and the basic sequencing interval is calculated at the same time, and a basic sequencing interval matrix table is established. Then, the rules are determined according to the optimal engineering sequencing mode, and the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table.

[0034] First, the basic sequencing flow step of the project is analyzed and calculated. The concept of basic sequencing flow step is: due to the different sequencing of construction sections, any construction process passes through any two construction sections in succession, causing the waiting time of the next construction section. For construction process j to construction sections i and i+1, the waiting time of construction section i+1 is equal to the difference between the completion time of construction process j in construction section i and the possible start time in construction section i+1, so the following formula is established:

[0035]

[0036] Where: K i,i+1 —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; 1≤i≤m-1, 1≤j≤n-1, m is the total number of construction sections, n is the total number of construction processes; (T i j ) F—Completion time of construction process j on construction section i, and

[0037]

[0038] is the flow rhythm of construction section i; — the earliest possible start time of construction process j on project i+1, and

[0039]

[0040] It is the flow rhythm of construction section i+1.

[0041] Due to the requirements of the continuity of the construction process and the maximum overlap of the organization flow construction, the basic sequence flow step K of any two construction sections i and i+1 is i,i+1 Take the maximum value of the waiting time of construction section i+1 caused by all construction processes.

[0042]

[0043] After the basic sequencing step is determined, the basic sequencing interval can be obtained. According to the concept of basic sequencing interval: due to the different sequencing of construction sections, the total idle time of the latter construction section caused by the entire construction process passing through any two construction sections in succession. For construction process j to construction sections i and i+1, the idle time of construction section i+1 is equal to the difference between the start time of construction process j in construction section i+1 and the completion time in construction section i, so the following formula is established, namely:

[0044]

[0045] Where: —Water flow interval between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The start time of construction process j in construction section i+1, and

[0046]

[0047] Therefore, the basic sorting interval between any two construction sections i and i+1 is Z i,i+1 :

[0048]

[0049] After the basic sorting interval is calculated, a basic sorting interval matrix table is established, and then the rules are determined according to the optimal engineering sorting mode, and the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table.

[0050] Furthermore, in step (6), various possible basic sequence intervals are calculated according to the above formula (2) and formula (5).

[0051] Furthermore, in step (6), the optimal project sequencing mode is determined according to the following rules:

[0052] ① Find a relatively small number in the basic sorting interval matrix table, record its row number as the first construction section, record its column number as the second construction section, then find the relatively smallest number from the row where the second construction section number is located, record the column number as the third construction section, and so on, until the sorting of all construction sections is found.

[0053] ② Calculate the sum of the intervals of the found sequences respectively, and the sequence corresponding to the minimum value is taken as the optimal construction section sequence mode, which is determined by formula (6), and the total construction period is determined by formula (7).

[0054]

[0055] Furthermore, in step (7), the construction method of increasing the construction working surface by using auxiliary tunnels such as inclined shafts will encounter complex surrounding rock geological conditions. Different working surfaces may encounter surrounding rocks of different grades, and the construction methods of different grades of surrounding rocks are also different, so that the construction steps and construction time of each working surface are different. In the face of such complex construction conditions, it is necessary to use the method of construction section sorting optimization to optimize and obtain a relatively efficient construction sequence to ensure that the construction is carried out safely, quickly and orderly.

[0056] Although the construction methods for tunnels with different grades of surrounding rock are different, the general construction process is the same, which is the construction sequence of blasting, ventilation and smoke exhaust, slag removal, initial support, waterproof board, and secondary lining. The difference is that the time required to complete each construction process is different. Therefore, in view of the construction characteristics of the same construction process and different construction time, in order to minimize the construction sequencing intervals generated under the conditions of multi-working face construction, a calculation model is established, and the construction section sequencing optimization method introduced above is used to optimize the tunnel construction organization. The calculation model complies with the following rules: 1. Tunnel construction is multi-working face construction; 2. The construction of each working face is a flow construction operation; 3. The construction process of each working face must be consistent, and the construction time can be different; 4. The construction cycle of each working face is a calculation cycle, and the calculation purpose is to minimize the sequencing interval within a calculation cycle.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0058] (1) The method system of the present invention optimizes the labor organization and machinery configuration in the construction of steep inclined shafts, establishes a scientific labor organization model, clarifies the staffing standards and collaboration mode of personnel of various types of work, and realizes efficient coordination of personnel and machinery by optimizing the selection of construction machinery and mechanical equipment, thus providing solid manpower and equipment guarantees for the rapid support of steep inclined shafts.

[0059] (2) The present invention innovatively proposes an optimization calculation method for the slag discharge time of highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions: In view of the characteristics of trackless transportation, the present invention establishes an accurate slag discharge time calculation model, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the reasonable configuration of transportation vehicles and the optimization of slag discharge operation process. This method has been verified in actual projects. Through optimization calculation, the optimal number of slag discharge vehicles under specific working conditions can be obtained, ensuring that the blasting residues in the tunnel are transported out within the specified time, ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent construction.

[0060] (3) The present invention successfully constructed a method for "tunnel construction sequencing optimization under multi-working face conditions": The present invention proposed an optimized sequencing model for multi-working face construction of large-slope inclined shafts, which achieved orderly connection and efficient coordination between the working faces. This method has been applied in actual projects. By optimizing the sequencing, the construction cycle time has been significantly shortened, and process conflicts and resource waste have been effectively avoided.

[0061] (4) The method of the present invention significantly improves the construction speed of steep inclined shafts and effectively reduces construction costs. By optimizing labor organization, machinery configuration, slag discharge scheme and construction sequencing, the present invention effectively shortens the operation time of each process, reduces waiting and delays between processes, realizes rapid support of steep inclined shafts, and significantly improves construction speed. In actual engineering applications, after adopting the present invention, the construction cycle time is greatly shortened and the construction period is effectively controlled. At the same time, the present invention minimizes manpower, material and time costs by streamlining personnel configuration, improving machinery utilization and optimizing resource allocation. Scientific labor organization and machinery configuration avoid redundant personnel and idle machinery, and efficient slag discharge schemes and construction sequencing reduce unnecessary waiting and rework. Actual engineering applications show that after adopting the present invention, the overall cost of the project can be significantly reduced and good economic benefits can be achieved.

[0062] (5) The method of the present invention enhances the coordination and controllability of the construction process. The optimization sorting method proposed in the present invention makes the construction of multiple working surfaces more orderly, the connection between the various processes is closer, and the construction process is more controllable. Through the unified scheduling and management of personnel, machinery and materials, the chaos and disorder at the construction site are effectively avoided, and the efficiency and level of construction management are improved.

[0063] (6) The method of the present invention improves the safety and reliability of large-slope inclined shaft construction. Rapid support is the key to ensuring the safety of large-slope inclined shaft construction. By implementing rapid support, the present invention effectively controls the deformation of the surrounding rock, reduces the risk of collapse, provides a safer working environment for construction personnel and equipment, and ensures the smooth progress of the project.

[0064] (7) The method of the present invention promotes the development and progress of steep slope inclined shaft construction technology. The present invention proposes a systematic solution to the difficulties in steep slope inclined shaft construction, and has achieved innovative results in labor organization optimization, trackless transportation slag calculation, and multi-face construction sequencing, thus improving the technical level of steep slope inclined shaft construction and having a positive significance for promoting technological progress in the field of tunnels and underground engineering.

[0065] To sum up, the present invention "rapid support method suitable for large-slope inclined shafts" has achieved remarkable technical results, and has outstanding technical advantages in construction speed, construction cost, coordination, safety and technological progress, and has broad application prospects and significant economic and social benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0067] It should be noted that the terms used herein are for describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0068] Terminology explanation section: The terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fix" and the like in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. Now, the rapid support method of the present invention applicable to a large-slope inclined shaft is further described in conjunction with a specific embodiment. Specifically, the rapid support method includes the following steps:

[0069] 1. Optimization of labor organization and selection of construction machinery and equipment includes the following steps:

[0070] (I) Design of labor organization for inclined shaft construction: First, how to combine division of labor with cooperation; second, how to implement the division of labor in the operation organization, including:

[0071] 1. The organizational form of the construction team. The construction team is divided into comprehensive teams and professional teams. The choice of which form is related to the organizational form of the work. When the sequential work organization form is selected, it is more appropriate to choose a comprehensive team; if the work organization form is parallel overlap work, it is most appropriate to choose a professional team. In the construction of inclined shafts, the excavation process is undertaken by the excavation professional team, and the concrete lining process is undertaken by the concrete professional team. The team has a high degree of specialization and skilled technology, which is convenient for improving professional skills, thereby improving labor efficiency.

[0072] 2. The allocation of labor force reflects the "full load" work of each worker. To fully reflect the "full load" work of workers, the following four conditions must be met in the organization of workers:

[0073] ① Ensure the minimum working surface for each worker: Allocating labor with the minimum working surface can prevent interference between each labor process, give full play to the work efficiency of each labor, and improve labor productivity. Determine the number of people participating in the construction by ensuring the minimum working surface for each worker: the number of people that can be accommodated on the construction surface = minimum construction surface / minimum working surface required by each worker. The minimum working surface required by each worker is determined through actual measurement, according to different types of work and tools used. For example, the minimum working surface for drilling workers is 5m 2 / people.

[0074] ② When allocating workers, the technical level ratio is moderate: the reasonable matching of workers with different technical levels can give full play to everyone's work efficiency. Determine the ratio of technical levels according to the complexity of engineering technology. For example, fewer workers with high technical levels in concrete work and more workers with high technical levels in steel bar work. The reasonable and appropriate ratio of technical levels of workers in each work type and work shift can avoid workers doing technical work that does not match them, wasting talents and increasing labor costs, or workers with low technical levels doing high-tech work, which cannot guarantee quality and progress. Therefore, it is required to achieve a reasonable ratio of technical levels for each type of work in different types of work to reflect the optimization of labor organization.

[0075] ③ Reasonable ratio of laborers between different types of work: When determining the number of workers participating in the construction of each type of work, it is considered that during the tunnel construction process, the workload of workers in each type of work is "full load" so that each type of work can be constructed uninterruptedly and continuously during working hours. For example, the construction of inclined shafts is mainly divided into excavation shifts and concrete lining shifts. The allocation of the number of workers in these two shifts ensures that their work does not affect each other, and the subsequent process cannot be stopped because the previous process does not create a working surface. Therefore, when allocating the number of excavation shifts, the normal work of the lining shift is considered. When allocating the number of lining shifts, it is considered that once the working surface is formed, lining work can be carried out immediately, so that they can be constructed uninterruptedly and continuously during working hours, avoiding the phenomenon of incoordination between types of work and causing the subsequent process to stop.

[0076] ④ The number of construction teams and work groups meets the minimum number of operators for construction technology: The organization of workers takes into account the minimum number of operators for construction technology, in order to ensure quality and construction period. The excavation process during tunnel construction mainly includes air gun operators, blasters, initial support, etc. For example, the initial support must be equipped with at least machine operators, material loaders, sprayers and material transporters, and they must be fully equipped to work normally. This is a process requirement.

[0077] The above-mentioned optimization method of this embodiment effectively solves the problem in the prior art that poor labor organization and mechanical configuration lead to redundant or insufficient personnel and low mechanical operation efficiency, which in turn affects the construction progress. This innovation achieves scientific and efficient configuration of personnel and machinery by establishing a scientific labor organization model and optimizing mechanical configuration, ensuring the orderly progress of the construction process and providing manpower and equipment guarantees for the rapid support of large-slope inclined shafts.

[0078] (ii) Selection and optimization of inclined shaft construction machinery and equipment, including: the equipment commonly used in inclined shaft construction includes excavation machinery and equipment, lining machinery and equipment, ancillary machinery and equipment and machinery and equipment, etc.

[0079] 1. The excavation machinery and equipment include excavators, slag loading equipment, and transportation equipment. When drilling with a drilling trolley, the selection of slag loading equipment must meet the slag output of the drilling trolley, so that the drilling trolley can give full play to its production capacity. Generally, large-scale slag loading equipment is selected: the transportation equipment must also meet the production capacity of the slag discharge equipment.

[0080] 2. Optimization of the lining machinery and equipment. The speed of concrete lining construction is limited by the time of installation and removal of concrete lining formwork. In order to speed up the concrete construction, a lining trolley is generally used. In order to give full play to the capacity of the lining trolley, the speed of concrete supply, lifting and tamping should be accelerated. When using a trolley for lining concrete construction, it is best to use a concrete pump for lifting, a concrete mixer for transportation, and a concrete mixing station for concrete supply. We call this configuration and optimization of machinery and equipment a "one-stop" mechanized operation for lining concrete, which has high production efficiency, fast construction progress and good quality. However, the selection of several concrete transport pumps and concrete transport vehicles during the optimization process needs to be based on the production capacity of the concrete mixing station.

[0081] 3. Optimization of local auxiliary machinery and equipment. The auxiliary machinery, equipment and equipment mainly include air compressors, water pumps, transformers, lathes, charging equipment, air ducts and mechanical equipment required for construction auxiliary facilities. Configuration and optimization are mainly based on the requirements of the construction progress and the requirements of tunneling equipment, slag loading equipment, slag transportation equipment and lining equipment.

[0082] 4. The various mechanical matching on each operation line of inclined shaft construction can form production capacity and promote the construction progress of each operation line.

[0083] 5. The mechanical equipment between each operation line should be matched. For example, the mechanical equipment for excavation and lining should be matched, so as to form a new production capacity to promote inclined shaft construction.

[0084] 6. Make a decision after economic comparison between the purchase of machinery and equipment and local leasing. If the inclined shaft construction period is short and the rock is good, consider local leasing as much as possible. If the inclined shaft construction period is long, consider purchasing as much as possible. The purpose of selecting and optimizing inclined shaft construction equipment is to ensure that all machinery and equipment on site can work at "full load", give full play to the production efficiency of each machinery and equipment invested, and reduce the cost of inclined shaft construction.

[0085] (III) Reasonable configuration of excavators and dump trucks for rapid construction: In mechanized construction, whether the selection and combination of construction machinery are reasonable will directly affect the construction progress, quality and cost. It is the key to completing construction production tasks with high quality, high yield and low consumption and giving full play to the efficiency of machinery. Mechanized construction usually involves the joint operation of multiple machines. Only by reasonable combination and matching can the efficiency of each machine be maximized. There is not only the selection of machine types, but also the selection of machine models and specifications. On the premise of meeting the construction production requirements, different types of mechanical construction plans are analyzed and compared from the perspective of economy. During the operation of the excavator, it is usually coordinated with an excavator and a dump truck to form an operating machine group system. The reasonable selection of the excavator and the rationality of the configuration with the dump truck have an important impact on the productivity of the system and the benefits of the project. Specifically:

[0086] 1. Reasonable selection of excavators: The bucket capacity and number of excavators should be adapted to the project volume and progress; the structural type of the excavator should be adapted to the soil conditions and project characteristics; it should have a high performance-price ratio, work reliability and driving comfort. The choice of excavator bucket capacity depends first on the size of the project and the project progress requirements. Choosing a reasonable bucket capacity for different project volumes will greatly reduce the construction cost. The larger the project volume, the lower the unit construction cost can be by choosing a larger bucket capacity.

[0087] 2. Reasonable configuration of dump trucks: When the earth excavated by the excavator needs to be transported by a transport vehicle, the productivity of the excavator depends not only on the technical performance of the excavator itself, but also on the rationality of the configuration of the excavator and the dump truck, which is the basic factor that determines the construction productivity and economic benefits. At this time, the load capacity and number of dump trucks should meet the requirements of the excavator productivity and the project transportation distance.

[0088] 3. Dump truck load selection: In order to fully utilize the production capacity of the excavator, the dump truck load Q should maintain a certain ratio relationship with the weight of each bucket of soil of the excavator, and there should be a sufficient number of vehicles to ensure the continuous operation of the excavator. From the perspective of the excavator, the larger the load of the car, the better, which can reduce the time waiting for the vehicle to turn around. Relevant test studies have shown that the basic requirements for the reasonable configuration of the excavator bucket capacity and load are: an excavator with a bucket capacity of 1 to 2.5m is equipped with a dump truck with a load of 10 to 25t.

[0089] (IV) Optimal calculation method for slag discharge time in highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions: The number of dump trucks directly affects the construction efficiency of the slag discharge process. A small number requires more cycles to discharge slag, while a large number may lead to idle work. Therefore, the number of slag discharge vehicles needs to be determined by calculation. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0090] 1. Slag discharge in one cycle Q: Q = S·L·Kr;

[0091] Where: S—slant shaft cross-sectional area, m 2 ; L—cycle footage, m; Kr—rock looseness coefficient.

[0092] 2. The loading time T for the loading equipment to fill a truck with slag 装 The calculation is done using the following formula:

[0093]

[0094] Where: V 车 —Dump truck volume, m 3 ; W—loading equipment hourly capacity, m 3 / h.

[0095] 3. The pure travel time T of a dump truck for a round trip 往返 The calculation is done using the following formula:

[0096]

[0097] Where: T 洞内 、T 洞外 —Walking time inside the cave, walking time outside the cave, min; L 洞内 , L 洞外 — Walking distance inside the cave, walking distance outside the cave, km; v 洞内 、v 洞外 —Walking speed inside the cave, walking speed outside the cave, km / h.

[0098] 4. The total time T for a dump truck to unload a load of slag 总 The calculation is done using the following formula:

[0099] T 总 =T装 +T 卸 +T 往返 ;

[0100] Where: T 卸 —Dump truck unloading time, min;

[0101] 5. The total number of dump truck trips N' required to clean up all the rock debris from a blast is calculated using the following formula:

[0102]

[0103] 6. The time T' required to use a dump truck to clean up all the rock debris from a blast is calculated using the following formula:

[0104] T′=N′×T 总 .

[0105] 7. When the total number of dump trucks put into construction is N, the time T required to complete the cleaning of the working surface is calculated using the following formula:

[0106]

[0107] Where: N is the total number of dump trucks to be deployed.

[0108] The time to complete all the slag discharge, that is, the time T to clean the working face, is related to the total footage of the inclined shaft (the distance X from the inclined shaft mouth to the working face) and the total number of vehicles N to be put into use. It can be made into a table and the slag discharge vehicles can be determined based on the table.

[0109] The above-mentioned "optimization calculation method for slag discharge time in highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transportation conditions" of this embodiment effectively solves the problem that the prior art lacks an optimization calculation method for slag discharge time under trackless transportation conditions, and is difficult to guide vehicle configuration in actual construction. This innovation establishes an accurate slag discharge time calculation model based on the characteristics of trackless transportation, and proposes a reasonable vehicle configuration method, which makes the configuration of slag discharge vehicles more reasonable, improves slag discharge efficiency, and avoids construction delays caused by poor slag discharge.

[0110] 2. Optimization of construction section sequencing under multi-working face conditions

[0111] (I) Basic principles of construction section sequencing optimization

[0112] This embodiment starts from the basic principle of flow construction, and after in-depth research on the project sequencing problem, it is found and confirmed that the key to the calculation of the total construction period is the size of the basic sequencing interval Z. According to the concept analysis, the basic sequencing flow step of the project is calculated, and the basic sequencing interval is calculated at the same time, and the basic sequencing interval matrix table is established. Then, the rules are determined according to the optimal project sequencing mode, and the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table.

[0113] First, the basic sequencing flow step of the project is analyzed and calculated. The concept of basic sequencing flow step is: due to the different sequencing of construction sections, any construction process passes through any two construction sections in succession, causing the waiting time of the next construction section. For construction process j to construction sections i and i+1, the waiting time of construction section i+1 is equal to the difference between the completion time of construction process j in construction section i and the possible start time in construction section i+1, so the following formula is established:

[0114]

[0115] Where: K i,i+1 —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; 1≤i≤m-1, 1≤j≤n-1, m is the total number of construction sections, n is the total number of construction processes; (T i j ) F —Completion time of construction process j on construction section i, and

[0116]

[0117] In the formula, is the flow rhythm of construction section i; — the earliest possible start time of construction process j on project i+1, and

[0118]

[0119] In the formula, It is the flow rhythm of construction section i+1.

[0120] Due to the requirements of the continuity of the construction process and the maximum overlap of the organization flow construction, the basic sequence flow step K of any two construction sections i and i+1 is i,i+1 Take the maximum value of the waiting time of construction section i+1 caused by all construction processes. That is:

[0121]

[0122] Where: the construction process enters the flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1; other symbols are the same as before.

[0123] After the basic sequencing step is determined, the basic sequencing interval can be obtained. According to the concept of basic sequencing interval: due to the different sequencing of construction sections, the total idle time of the latter construction section caused by the entire construction process passing through any two construction sections in succession. For construction process j to construction sections i and i+1, the idle time of construction section i+1 is equal to the difference between the start time of construction process j in construction section i+1 and the completion time in construction section i, so the following formula is established, that is,

[0124]

[0125] Where: —Water flow interval between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The start time of construction process j in construction section i+1, and

[0126]

[0127] Therefore, the basic sorting interval between any two construction sections i and i+1 is Z i,i+1 :

[0128]

[0129] After the basic sorting interval is calculated, a basic sorting interval matrix table is established, and then the rules are determined according to the optimal engineering sorting mode, and the most effective solution is sought from the matrix table.

[0130] (II) Basic steps for optimizing construction section sequencing

[0131] 1. According to formula (2) and formula (5), various possible basic sequence intervals are calculated respectively.

[0132] 2. List the basic sorting interval matrix table.

[0133] 3. Determine the optimal project sequencing mode according to the following rules:

[0134] ① Find a relatively small number (there may be more than one) in the basic sorting interval matrix table, record its row number as the first construction section to be carried out, record its column number as the second construction section to be carried out, then, find the relatively smallest number (there may be more than one) from the row where the second construction section number (there may be more than one) is located, record the starting column number as the third construction section to be carried out, and so on, until the sorting of all construction sections is found.

[0135] ② Calculate the sum of the intervals of the found sequences respectively, and the sequence corresponding to the minimum value is taken as the optimal construction section sequence mode, which can be determined by formula (6), and the total construction period can be determined by formula (7).

[0136]

[0137] 3. Optimization of tunnel construction sequence under multi-working face conditions

[0138] The construction method of increasing the construction working surface by using auxiliary tunnels such as inclined shafts will encounter complex surrounding rock geological conditions. Different working surfaces may encounter different grades of surrounding rocks, and the construction methods of different grades of surrounding rocks are also different, which makes the construction steps and construction time of each working surface different. Faced with such complex construction conditions, it is necessary to use the method of construction section sorting optimization to optimize and obtain a relatively efficient construction sequence to ensure that the construction is carried out safely, quickly and orderly.

[0139] Although the construction methods for tunnels with different grades of surrounding rock are different, the general construction process is the same, which is the construction sequence of blasting ventilation and smoke exhaust, slag removal, initial support, waterproof board, and secondary lining. The difference is that the time required to complete each construction process is different. Therefore, in view of the construction characteristics of the same construction process and different construction time, in order to minimize the construction sequence intervals caused by multi-working face construction conditions, a calculation model is established, and the construction section sequence optimization method introduced above is used to optimize the tunnel construction organization. The calculation model follows the following rules:

[0140] 1. Tunnel construction is multi-working face construction;

[0141] 2. Each working surface shall be constructed in a continuous flow manner;

[0142] 3. The construction process of each working surface should be consistent, but the construction time can be different;

[0143] 4. Each construction cycle of each working surface is a calculation cycle. The calculation purpose is to minimize the sorting interval within a calculation cycle.

[0144] The above-mentioned method for "tunnel construction sequencing optimization under multi-working face conditions" in this embodiment solves the problem that the prior art lacks a multi-working face construction sequencing optimization method, resulting in poor coordination between the working faces, which easily causes process conflicts and resource waste. This innovation clarifies the construction sequence and connection relationship of each working face by establishing an optimization sequencing model, realizes the orderly connection and efficient coordination of multi-working face construction, effectively avoids process conflicts and resource waste, and improves construction efficiency and management level.

[0145] Finally, it should be noted that any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the above describes the specific implementation of the present invention, it is not a limitation of the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or deformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid support method suitable for large-slope inclined shafts, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Optimization of labor organization and selection of construction machinery and equipment; (2) Selection and optimization of inclined shaft construction machinery and equipment; (3) Reasonable configuration of excavators and dump trucks for rapid construction; (4) Optimal calculation method for slag discharge time in highway tunnels and inclined shafts under trackless transport conditions; (5) Optimization of construction section sequencing under multiple working face conditions; (6) Basic steps for optimizing construction sequence: First, find out all possible basic sequence intervals; then list the basic sequence interval matrix; finally, determine the optimal engineering sequence mode; (7) Optimization of tunnel construction sequence under multiple working face conditions.

2. The rapid support method for steeply inclined shafts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (4), the calculation method is as follows: (1) Slag discharge in one cycle Q: Q = S·L·Kr; Where: S—slant shaft cross-sectional area, m 2 ; L—circulation footage, m; Kr—rock looseness coefficient; (2) The loading time T for the loading equipment to fill a truck with slag 装 : Where: V 车 —Dump truck volume, m 3 ; W—loading equipment hourly capacity, m 3 / h; (3) Pure travel time T of a dump truck for one round trip 往返 : Where: T 洞内 , T 洞外 —Walking time inside the cave, walking time outside the cave, min; L 洞内 , L 洞外 — Walking distance inside the cave, walking distance outside the cave, km; v 洞内 、v 洞外 — Walking speed inside the cave, walking speed outside the cave, km / h; (4) The total time T for a dump truck to unload a load of slag 总 : T 总 =T 装 +T 卸 +T 往返 Where: T 卸 —Dump truck unloading time, min; (5) The total number of dump trucks required to clean up all the rock debris from a blasting operation is N': (6) The time required to use a dump truck to clean up all the rock debris from a blasting operation T': T′=N′×T 总 (7) When the total number of dump trucks used in the construction is N, the time required to clean the working surface is T: Where: N—the total number of dump trucks to be deployed; The time to complete all the slag discharge, that is, the time T to clean the working face, is related to the total footage of the inclined shaft and the total number of vehicles N to be put into use. It can be made into a table and the slag discharge vehicles can be determined based on the table.

3. The rapid support method applicable to a steeply inclined shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (5), the basic sequencing flow step of the project is calculated, and the basic sequencing interval is calculated at the same time, and a basic sequencing interval matrix table is established. Then, the rules are determined according to the optimal project sequencing mode, and the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table.

4. The rapid support method applicable to a steeply inclined shaft according to claim 3 is characterized in that: First, the basic sequencing flow step of the project is analyzed and calculated. The concept of the basic sequencing flow step is: due to the different sequencing of construction sections, any construction process passes through any two construction sections in succession, causing the waiting time of the next construction section; for construction process j to construction sections i and i+1, the waiting time of construction section i+1 is equal to the difference between the completion time of construction process j in construction section i and the start time in construction section i+1. The following formula is established: Where: K i,i+1 —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The flow step distance between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; 1≤i≤m-1, 1≤j≤n-1, m is the total number of construction sections, n is the total number of construction processes; (T i j ) F —Completion time of construction process j on construction section i, and is the flow rhythm of construction section i; — the earliest possible start time of construction process j on project i+1, and is the flow rhythm of construction section i+1; Due to the requirements of the continuity of the construction process and the maximum overlap of the organization flow construction, the basic sequence flow step K of any two construction sections i and i+1 is i,i+1 Take the maximum value of the waiting time of construction section i+1 caused by all construction processes; that is 5. The rapid support method applicable to a steeply inclined shaft according to claim 3 is characterized in that: After the basic sorting step is determined, the basic sorting interval is obtained. Due to the different sorting of construction sections, the total idle time of the latter construction section caused by the entire construction process passing through any two construction sections in succession is the sum of the idle time of the latter construction section; for construction process j for construction sections i and i+1, the idle time of construction section i+1 is equal to the difference between the start time of construction process j in construction section i+1 and the completion time in construction section i, so the following formula is established, that is, Where: —Water flow interval between two adjacent construction sections i and i+1 caused by construction process j; —The start time of construction process j in construction section i+1, and Therefore, the basic sorting interval between any two construction sections i and i+1 is Z i,i+1 : After the basic sorting interval is calculated, a basic sorting interval matrix table is established, and then the rules are determined according to the optimal engineering sorting mode, and the optimal solution is sought from the matrix table.

6. The rapid support method for steeply inclined shafts according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step (6), various possible basic sequence intervals are calculated according to the above formulas (2) and (5).

7. The rapid support method for steeply inclined shafts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (6), the optimal project sorting mode is determined according to the following rules: ① Find a relatively small number in the basic sorting interval matrix table, record its row number as the first construction section, record its column number as the second construction section, then find the relatively smallest number from the row where the second construction section number is located, record the column number as the third construction section, and so on, until the sorting of all construction sections is found; ② Calculate the interval sum of the found sequences respectively, and the sequence corresponding to the minimum value is taken as the optimal construction section sequence mode, which is determined by formula (6), and the total construction period is determined by formula (7); 8. The rapid support method for steeply inclined shafts according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In step (7), in view of the construction characteristics of the same construction process but different construction time, in order to minimize the construction sequencing interruptions caused by multi-working surface construction conditions, a calculation model is established, and the previous construction section sequencing optimization method is used to optimize the tunnel construction organization.

9. The rapid support method applicable to a steeply inclined shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation model follows the following rules:

1. Tunnel construction is multi-working face construction; 2. The construction of each working surface shall be flow-line construction; 3. The construction procedures of each working surface shall be consistent, but the construction time may be different; 4. Each construction cycle of each working surface is a calculation cycle, and the calculation purpose is to minimize the sorting interval within a calculation cycle.

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