Self-powered pressure and shear penetrometer

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of soil mechanics measurement, and discloses a self-driven pressure-bearing and shearing penetration instrument, which comprises a shell, a drill bit, a penetration driving assembly, multiple shearing plates, a shearing driving assembly, a fixing assembly and a measurement sensor. An accommodating cavity is arranged in the shell. The bottom of the shell is rotatably provided with the drill bit. The penetration driving assembly is arranged in the accommodating cavity. The multiple shearing plates are slidably arranged in the drill bit. The shearing driving assembly and the fixing assembly are arranged in the accommodating cavity. The penetration driving assembly, the shearing driving assembly, the fixing assembly and the shearing plates are matched to realize the penetration and rotary shearing of the soil to be measured. The measurement sensor can collect the penetration resistance data and the rotary torque data of the shearing, so that the penetration pressure-bearing and rotary shearing measurement are realized. Compared with the prior art, the two measurement devices are integrated on one device, which is convenient to operate and carry, and saves time and labor.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil mechanics measurement, in particular to a self-driven pressure-bearing and shearing penetration instrument. BACKGROUND

[0002] The physical and mechanical properties of soil have a great influence on the traction control performance of vehicles. Research on the physical and mechanical properties of soil helps to evaluate the road passability of vehicles, optimize their driving performance, and plan safe paths. In order to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of soil in depth, the physical and mechanical parameters of soil need to be measured. The physical parameters of soil mainly include particle size distribution, particle specific gravity, bulk density, and void ratio, which can be measured and calculated more intuitively by soil mechanics. The mechanical parameters of soil mainly include cohesion c, internal friction angle, shear deformation modulus K, settlement index n, cohesion deformation modulus k c , and friction deformation modulus, among which c c and K are used to characterize the shear properties of soil, and k , and n are mainly used to characterize the pressure-bearing properties of soil.

[0003] Currently, the devices for measuring the mechanical properties of soil are generally limited to measuring single aspect of the mechanical properties of soil. The mechanical properties of soil can be comprehensively measured by using different measuring devices, but there is a lack of devices for comprehensively measuring the mechanical properties of soil. Even the devices that can comprehensively measure the pressure-bearing and shear properties of soil need to disassemble and install pressure-bearing plates or shear discs frequently during soil pressure-bearing experiment testing and shear experiment testing. The above two measurement methods for measuring the pressure-bearing and shear properties of soil not only make the operation more complicated, but also are more time-consuming and laborious.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art still needs to be improved and developed. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a self-driven pressure-bearing and shearing penetration instrument, which aims to solve the problems of complicated operation and time-consuming and laborious work in measuring pressure-bearing and shear properties.

[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve the technical problems is as follows:

[0007] A self-driven pressure-bearing and shearing penetration instrument, comprising:

[0008] a housing having an accommodation cavity inside;

[0009] a drill bit rotatably arranged at the bottom of the housing;

[0010] a penetration driving assembly arranged in the accommodation cavity for driving the drill bit to penetrate into a soil body to be measured;

[0011] a plurality of shearing plates, slidingly disposed inside the drill head;

[0012] a shearing driving assembly, disposed in the accommodating cavity; the shearing driving assembly cooperates with the shearing plates to slide the shearing plates out of the drill head and drive the shearing plates to rotate and shear the soil to be measured;

[0013] a fixing assembly, slidingly disposed in the accommodating cavity; the shearing driving assembly cooperates with the fixing assembly to fix the shell and the soil to be measured;

[0014] a measuring sensor, disposed inside the drill head, used to collect the data of the pressure penetration resistance and the rotating torque of the shearing.

[0015] According to the above technical means, the two measuring devices are integrated on one device, which is convenient to operate and carry, and saves time and effort.

[0016] Further, the penetration driving assembly comprises:

[0017] a drop hammer, slidingly disposed in the accommodating cavity;

[0018] an electromagnetic coil, annularly disposed on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; the electromagnetic coil cooperates with the drop hammer to drive the drop hammer to ascend and descend.

[0019] According to the above technical means, the ascending and descending of the drop hammer can be realized by passing different directions of current into the electromagnetic coil, so as to provide power for the penetration of the penetration instrument.

[0020] Further, the shearing driving assembly comprises:

[0021] a driving motor, disposed inside the accommodating cavity;

[0022] a flange, rotationally disposed inside the accommodating cavity; the driving motor is connected with the flange to drive the flange to rotate, and the measuring sensor is located at the bottom of the flange;

[0023] a cam assembly, disposed at the bottom of the measuring sensor; the cam assembly rotationally cooperates with the drill head, and the cam assembly cooperates with the shearing plates, so that the shearing plates can slide by rotating the cam assembly.

[0024] According to the above technical means, the shearing measurement of the soil to be measured can be realized by the driving motor, the flange and the cam assembly.

[0025] Further, the cam assembly comprises:

[0026] A rotating block is arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor;

[0027] An annular groove is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating block; an arc-shaped groove is arranged inside the annular groove, and the arc-shaped groove is matched with the shearing plate.

[0028] According to the above technical means, the rotating block and the arc-shaped groove on the annular groove can drive the shearing plate to extend out of the drill bit during the rotation of the rotating block, thereby effectively improving the work efficiency.

[0029] Further, the fixing assembly comprises:

[0030] A sliding plate is slidingly arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; a lead screw is coaxially arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor; the bottom of the lead screw is connected with the flange plate through a ratchet assembly; the sliding plate is threadedly matched with the lead screw;

[0031] A plurality of support rods are radially arranged at the bottom of the sliding plate;

[0032] A guide is arranged on the lead screw; the guide is matched with the plurality of support rods to guide the plurality of support rods to be spread out;

[0033] A plurality of extension ports are radially arranged on the shell to communicate the accommodating cavity with the outside; the extension ports correspond to the support rods, and are used for the support rods to extend out.

[0034] According to the above technical means, the sliding plate matched with the lead screw can move the plurality of support rods downward, and the guide and the extension port can spread out the plurality of support rods and slide out of the shell to be fixed in the to-be-measured soil body.

[0035] Further, the ratchet assembly comprises:

[0036] A fixing member is arranged on the outer surface of the lead screw;

[0037] A ratchet tooth is sleeved on the outer surface of the lead screw; the bottom of the fixing member is provided with a first spring, and one end of the first spring away from the fixing member is arranged at the top of the ratchet tooth;

[0038] A ratchet wheel is arranged on the flange plate; the inside of the ratchet wheel is provided with a rotating hole, and the bottom of the lead screw is rotatably arranged in the rotating hole; the ratchet wheel is matched with the ratchet tooth; when the lead screw rotates forward, the ratchet tooth and the ratchet wheel are in a non-engaged state, the ratchet tooth rotates, and the ratchet wheel does not rotate; when the lead screw reverses, the ratchet tooth and the ratchet wheel are in an engaged state, and the ratchet tooth and the ratchet wheel rotate synchronously.

[0039] According to the above technical means, the shell can be fixed, and the shear plate can be extended and rotated through the cooperation of the fixing part, the ratchet and the ratchet wheel.

[0040] Further, the outer surface of the rotating block is provided with an arc-shaped pull groove, the arc-shaped pull groove is provided with an elastic pull rope, and one end of the elastic pull rope away from the arc-shaped pull groove is arranged on the inner wall of the drill bit.

[0041] According to the above technical means, the shear plate can be reset under the action of the elastic pull rope after the experiment is completed through the arrangement of the arc-shaped pull groove and the elastic pull rope on the rotating block.

[0042] Further, the outer surface of the drill bit is provided with a plurality of shear holes in a radial manner, and the shear holes correspond to the shear plates one by one.

[0043] According to the above technical means, the shear plate can slide out of the drill bit through the arrangement of the plurality of shear holes on the outer surface of the drill bit.

[0044] Further, the inner wall of the shear hole is provided with a hinge to shield the shear hole.

[0045] According to the above technical means, the hinge arranged on the inner wall of the shear hole can be used to shield the shear hole, so as to avoid the soil or dust from entering the inside of the drill bit.

[0046] Further, the outer side of the sliding plate is provided with a sliding block, the inner wall of the accommodating cavity is provided with a sliding groove, and the sliding block is matched with the sliding groove.

[0047] According to the above technical means, the sliding block is arranged on the outer side of the sliding plate, and the sliding groove is arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, so as to provide a guiding effect for the sliding plate and avoid the rotation or deviation of the sliding plate.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0049] In the application, the inside of the shell is provided with a containing cavity, the bottom of the shell is rotationally provided with a drill bit, the inside of the containing cavity is provided with a penetration driving assembly to penetrate the drill bit into the inside of the soil to be measured, the inside of the drill bit is slidably provided with a plurality of shear plates, and the inside of the containing cavity is provided with a shearing driving assembly and a fixing assembly, the shearing driving assembly cooperates with the plurality of shear plates and the fixing assembly to slide the plurality of shear plates out of the drill bit, and the shell is fixed with the soil to be measured through the fixing assembly, and then the shear plates are driven to rotate through the shearing driving assembly; through the cooperation of the penetration driving assembly, the shearing driving assembly, the fixing assembly and the shear plates, the penetration and rotary shearing of the soil to be measured can be realized, and the bearing penetration resistance data and the rotary torque data of shearing can be collected through the measuring sensor, so that the penetration bearing and rotary shearing measurement are realized; compared with the prior art, the two measuring devices are integrated on one device, which is not only convenient to operate, but also convenient to carry, and more time and labor are saved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application.

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the shell cross-section structure of the application.

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the driving motor structure of the application.

[0053] Figure 4 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of A in Figure 3

[0054] Figure 5 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of B in Figure 3

[0055] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding groove structure of the application.

[0056] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the shear plate structure of the application.

[0057] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the rotating block structure of the application.

[0058] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the support rod in the open state structure of the application.

[0059] ​​The numbers in the figure are marked as: 1, shell; 11, containing cavity; 12, chute; 2, drill bit; 21, shearing hole; 3, penetration driving assembly; 31, drop hammer; 32, electromagnetic coil; 4, shearing plate; 5, shearing driving assembly; 51, driving motor; 52, flange plate; 53, cam assembly; 531, rotating block; 532, annular groove; 533, arc-shaped groove; 534, arc-shaped pull groove; 6, fixing assembly; 61, sliding plate; 62, support rod; 63, guide; 64, outlet; 65, sliding block; 7, measurement sensor; 8, ratchet assembly; 81, fixing piece; 82, ratchet tooth; 83, first spring; 84, ratchet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present application clearer, more explicit and more comprehensible, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and should not be used to limit the present application.

[0061] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0062] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0063] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present embodiment provides a self-driven pressure-bearing and shearing penetration instrument, which can be specifically referred to as follows:

[0064] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the self-driven pressure-bearing and shearing penetration instrument comprises a shell 1, a containing cavity 11, a chute 12, a drill bit 2, a shearing hole 21, a penetration driving assembly 3, a drop hammer 31, an electromagnetic coil 32, a shearing plate 4, a shearing driving assembly 5, a driving motor 51, a flange plate 52, a cam assembly 53, a rotating block 531, an annular groove 532, an arc-shaped groove 533, an arc-shaped pull groove 534, a fixing assembly 6, a sliding plate 61, a support rod 62, a guide 63, an outlet 64, a sliding block 65, a measurement sensor 7, a ratchet assembly 8, a fixing piece 81, a ratchet tooth 82, a first spring 83, and a ratchet 84. Figure 1 Figure 2 and FIG. 8​Figure 9 As shown in the figure, a self-driven pressure and shear penetration instrument includes a shell 1, a drill bit 2, a penetration driving assembly 3, a plurality of shear plates 4, a shear driving assembly 5, a fixing assembly 6 and a measurement sensor 7; the shell 1 is in a cylindrical shape, and an accommodating cavity 11 is arranged in the interior of the shell 1, the penetration driving assembly 3 is arranged in the interior of the accommodating cavity 11, and the drill bit 2 can be driven to penetrate into the interior of the soil to be measured through the penetration driving assembly 3; the drill bit 2 is rotationally arranged at the bottom of the shell 1, and a plurality of shear plates 4 are slidably arranged in the interior of the drill bit 2, and the shear plates 4 can slide out of or retract into the drill bit 2 under the action of an external force; the shear driving assembly 5 is arranged in the interior of the accommodating cavity 11, and the shear driving assembly 5 cooperates with the shear plates 4 to drive the shear plates 4 to slide out of the drill bit 2, and also drives the shear plates 4 to rotate after the shear plates 4 slide out of the drill bit 2, so as to rotate and shear the soil to be measured; the fixing assembly 6 is slidably arranged in the interior of the accommodating cavity 11, and the shear driving assembly 5 is connected with the fixing assembly 6 to drive the fixing assembly 6 to move, so as to fix the shell 1 and the soil to be measured, and provide support for the measurement of the soil to be measured; the measurement sensor 7 is arranged in the interior of the drill bit 2, and cooperates with the drill bit 2 and the shell 1 to collect the penetration resistance data of the penetration instrument when penetrating into the soil to be measured and the rotation torque data of the shear plates 4 when shearing the soil to be measured.

[0065] Specifically, the self-driven pressure and shear penetration instrument can realize automatic penetration into the soil to be measured in cooperation with a support cylinder, the support cylinder is used to keep the vertical state of the self-driven pressure and shear penetration instrument, the bottom of the drill bit 2 abuts against the surface of the soil to be measured, the penetration driving assembly 3 is started to drive the drill bit 2 to penetrate into the soil to be measured; in the pressure measurement of the penetration instrument, the penetration driving assembly 3 can be started multiple times to realize multiple penetrations of the penetration instrument, and the penetration resistance data of the penetration instrument received by the soil to be measured can be collected through the measurement sensor 7, so as to complete the pressure measurement of the soil to be measured;

[0066] Meanwhile, the penetration driving assembly 3 can be started multiple times to drive the drill bit 2 to penetrate into the soil to be measured to a certain depth, then the shear driving assembly 5 is started to fix the fixing assembly 6 in the interior of the soil to be measured, so as to fix the shell 1, then the shear driving assembly 5 cooperates with the shear plates 4 to drive the plurality of shear plates 4 to slide out of the drill bit 2 synchronously and form a cross shape outside the drill bit 2, then the shear driving assembly 5 drives the shear plates 4 and the drill bit 2 to rotate relative to the shell 1, at this time, the measurement sensor 7 can collect the rotation torque data of the soil to be measured when sheared, so as to complete the shear measurement of the soil to be measured; finally, the shear driving assembly 5 can retract the shear plates 4, so as to retract the penetration instrument.

[0067] Through the cooperation of the penetration driving assembly 3 and the drill bit 2 and the shell 1, the penetration action of the soil to be measured can be completed, and the pressure data of the soil to be measured can be collected through the measuring sensor 7, so that the penetration pressure measurement of the soil to be measured is completed; through the cooperation of the shear driving assembly 5, the fixing assembly 6 and the shear plate 4, the rotary shear of the soil to be measured can be realized, and the shear data can be collected through the measuring sensor 7, so that the penetration shear measurement of the soil to be measured is completed; compared with the prior art, the two measuring devices are integrated on one device, which is not only convenient to operate, but also convenient to carry, and more time and labor saving.

[0068] In the embodiment, the bottom of the shell 1 is provided with an annular groove, the top of the drill bit 2 is provided with a rotating groove, the rotating groove is sleeved on the outer surface of the annular groove, and the rotating groove and the annular groove are in interference fit; at the same time, the top wall of the rotating groove and the top wall of the annular groove are gap arranged, so as to facilitate the resistance of the soil to be measured acting on the measuring sensor 7 when the drill bit 2 penetrates the soil to be measured.

[0069] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in the accompanying drawings Figure 2 and the accompanying drawings Figure 6 As shown in the accompanying drawings, the penetration driving assembly 3 includes a drop hammer 31 and an electromagnetic coil 32, the drop hammer 31 is slidingly arranged inside the accommodating cavity 11 of the shell 1, and the electromagnetic coil 32 is arranged around the inside of the accommodating cavity 11, the electromagnetic coil 32 is connected with an external power supply device, when the electromagnetic coil 32 is electrified, the drop hammer 31 can have upward or downward force.

[0070] Further, the size and direction of the current in the electromagnetic coil 32, the electrification time and other parameters can be controlled to accurately adjust the size and action time of the downward force on the drop hammer 31, and then control the motion state of the drop hammer 31, such as the falling speed and acceleration.

[0071] The parameters of the electromagnetic coil 32 need to be reasonably designed according to the required force of the drop hammer 31 or the size of the accommodating cavity 11 and other factors, the parameters of the electromagnetic coil 32 include the number of turns, the wire diameter and the material, etc.; generally speaking, increasing the number of turns and the wire diameter can improve the magnetic field strength of the coil, but at the same time, the power consumption and cost will also increase.

[0072] The material of the drop hammer 31 should have good magnetic permeability or contain suitable magnetic elements to ensure that it can effectively interact with the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 32; in addition, the shape and mass distribution of the drop hammer 31 will also affect its force in the magnetic field and motion stability, which can be optimized according to the shape required by the measurement or the structure inside the accommodating cavity 11; under the premise of meeting the volume and conductivity requirements, a large density metal is selected as much as possible.

[0073] By charging a positive current into the electromagnetic coil 32, the drop hammer 31 can be moved upward. At the same time, the gravity of the drop hammer 31 acts on the outer shell 1 and the drill bit 2 through the magnetic field, so that the penetrator has a force to penetrate the soil to be tested. When the drop hammer 31 moves to the top of the electromagnetic coil 32, a reverse current can be charged into the electromagnetic coil 32. At this time, the electromagnetic coil 32 applies a downward force to the drop hammer 31, and the drop hammer 31 falls rapidly and strikes the drill bit 2, so that the drill bit 2 and the outer shell 1 penetrate into the soil to be tested.

[0074] One embodiment of this application is shown in the appendix. Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 As shown, the shearing drive assembly 5 includes a drive motor 51, a flange 52, and a cam assembly 53. The drive motor 51 is located inside the receiving cavity 11, and the flange 52 is rotatably located inside the receiving cavity 11. The drive motor 51 is connected to the flange 52 to drive the flange 52 to rotate. The measuring sensor 7 is located at the bottom of the flange 52 and rotates in cooperation with the drill bit 2. The bottom of the measuring sensor 7 is provided with the cam assembly 53, which rotates in cooperation with the drill bit 2 and cooperates with the shearing plate 4. When the drive motor 51 drives the flange 52 to rotate, the measuring sensor 53 rotates in cooperation with the shearing plate 4. The sensor 7 and the cam assembly 53 rotate synchronously. When the cam assembly 53 rotates, it can drive the shear plate 4 to slide towards the outside of the drill bit 2 until part of the shear plate 4 slides to the outside of the drill bit 2. The part of the shear plate 4 located inside the drill bit 2 abuts against the cam assembly 53. At this time, the shear plate 4 is in the open state, forming a cross shape. Then, the drive motor 51 and the measuring sensor 7 are started again. The drive motor 51 can drive the shear plate 4 and the drill bit 2 to rotate. The measuring sensor 7 can be used to collect the rotational torque data when the shear plate 4 shears the soil to be tested, thereby completing the measurement of the shearing of the soil to be tested.

[0075] In this embodiment, a connecting rod is coaxially provided on the output shaft of the drive motor 51, and the end of the connecting rod away from the drive motor 51 is coaxially connected to the flange 52, thereby realizing the connection between the drive motor 51 and the flange 52.

[0076] The flange 52 is fixed to the measuring sensor 7 by bolts, and the cam assembly 53 is also fixed to the measuring sensor 7 by bolts. As the drop hammer 31 penetrates, it strikes the surface of the flange 52. The force is applied to the drill bit 2 through the flange 52, the measuring sensor 7, and the cam assembly 53. The drill bit 2 can penetrate into the soil to be tested. The reaction force of the penetration is transmitted to the measuring sensor 7 through the cam assembly 53, so that the measuring sensor 7 can complete the pressure measurement of the penetration.

[0077] Furthermore, a limiting element is provided on the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11. The limiting element is an existing technology (for example, two annular groove plates are provided on the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11, and the flange 52 is located between the two annular groove plates and can rotate between the two annular groove plates; or a rotation groove is opened on the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11, and the flange 52 rotates in the rotation groove). This element is used to limit the vertical movement of the flange 52 in the receiving cavity 11, so as to prevent the flange 52 from moving together when the drill bit 2 moves towards the outer shell 1. At this time, the flange 52 and the drill bit 2 are in sliding engagement; at the same time, the flange 52 and the outer shell 1 are in relative rotational engagement, so that the flange 52 can still rotate relative to the outer shell 1 when it is limited.

[0078] In this embodiment, as shown in the appendix Figure 7 and attached Figure 8 As shown, the cam assembly 53 includes a rotating block 531 and an annular groove 532. The rotating block 531 is located at the bottom of the measuring sensor 7. The rotating block 531 is cylindrical, and an annular groove 532 is formed on the outer surface of the rotating block 531, so that the cross-section of the rotating block 531 is arranged in an "I" shape. The shearing plate 4 is slidably disposed in the annular groove 532. The top and bottom walls of the annular groove 532 are provided with mutually symmetrical arc grooves 533. Multiple arc grooves 533 are radially arranged on the top and bottom walls of the annular groove 532. The arc grooves 533 correspond to the shearing plate 4. A round rod is provided on the side of the shearing plate 4 away from the outer surface of the drill bit 2. The round rod is slidably disposed in the arc groove 533. The other end of the shearing plate 4 slides with the hole on the inner wall of the drill bit 2. At the same time, the hole on the inner wall of the drill bit 2 also provides a guiding function for the shearing plate 4, preventing the shearing plate 4 from tilting under the rotation of the rotating block 531.

[0079] Specifically, when the measuring sensor 7 drives the rotating block 531 to rotate, the arc groove 533 inside the rotating block 531 can rotate in the same direction. The arc groove 533 can squeeze the round rod on the shear plate 4 to slide out of the drill bit 2, thereby driving the shear plate 4 to slide out of the drill bit 2 and realize the extension of the shear plate 4. At this time, one end of the arc groove 533 abuts against the round rod. When the rotating block 531 rotates, the rotating block 531 and the arc groove 533 will drive the shear plate 4 to rotate.

[0080] Ball bearings may be provided on the top wall where the drill bit 2 contacts the bottom wall of the rotating block 531 to ensure that the rotating block 531 can rotate relative to the drill bit 2, thereby driving the shearing plate 4 to slide out.

[0081] In this embodiment, as shown in the appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 4As shown, the fixing assembly 6 comprises a sliding plate 61, a plurality of support rods 62, a guide 63 and a plurality of extension outlets 64. The sliding plate 61 is vertically slidably arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11. The connecting rod on the output shaft of the driving motor 51 is a screw rod. The bottom of the screw rod is connected with the flange plate 52 through the ratchet assembly 8. When the screw rod rotates forwardly, the ratchet 82 is not engaged with the ratchet wheel 84, and the screw rod cannot drive the flange plate 52 to rotate. When the screw rod rotates reversely, the ratchet 82 is engaged with the ratchet wheel 84, and the screw rod can drive the flange plate 52 to rotate. The center of the sliding plate 61 is provided with a threaded hole which is threadedly connected with the screw rod. The rotation of the screw rod can drive the vertical sliding of the sliding plate 61 in the accommodating cavity 11. The bottom of the sliding plate 61 is provided with a plurality of support rods 62 which are radially rotatably arranged. The plurality of support rods 62 can be spread to be umbrella-shaped or combined on the surface of the screw rod. The screw rod is further provided with the guide 63 which is located at the lower part of the screw rod. The guide 63 cooperates with the plurality of support rods 62. When the sliding plate 61 drives the plurality of support rods 62 to move downwardly, the plurality of support rods 62 can be spread under the action of the guide 63. The plurality of extension outlets 64 are radially arranged on the outer shell 1. The plurality of extension outlets 64 correspond to the plurality of support rods 62. When the plurality of support rods 62 are spread under the action of the guide 63, and continuously spread and move away from the center of the accommodating cavity 11 along with the downward movement of the sliding plate 61, the support rods 62 slide to the extension outlets 64, penetrate the extension outlets 64, are located outside the outer shell 1, and are inserted into the inside of the soil to be measured under the continuous downward movement of the sliding plate 61, and are fixed, so that the outer shell 1 is fixed with the soil to be measured, to facilitate the subsequent measurement of shearing the soil to be measured.

[0082] In the present embodiment, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the driving motor 51 is arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11. Figure 4 and Figs. 3 and 4, the sliding plate 61 is provided with a sliding block 65 on the outer side, and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11 is provided with a sliding groove 12 which cooperates with the sliding block 65 to provide a guide for the sliding plate 61. Figure 6 As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the sliding plate 61 is provided with a sliding block 65 on the outer side, and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11 is provided with a sliding groove 12 which cooperates with the sliding block 65 to provide a guide for the sliding plate 61.

[0083] In the present embodiment, the top of the guide 63 is provided with a chamfer for guiding the support rods 62 to spread.

[0084] In the present embodiment, the extension outlet 64 is provided with a hinge for shielding the extension outlet 64 to prevent the soil or dust outside from entering the inside of the accommodating cavity 11.

[0085] In the present embodiment, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the driving motor 51 is arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11. Figure 5As shown, the ratchet assembly 8 includes a fixed part 81, a ratchet 82 and a ratchet wheel 84, the fixed part 81 is arranged on the outer surface of the screw rod, the lower half of the screw rod is a light rod, and the fixed part 81 is fixed on the outer surface of the light rod, the ratchet 82 is sleeved on the outer surface of the light rod and located at the bottom of the fixed part 81, the ratchet 82 slides along the vertical direction of the light rod and rotates with the rotation of the light rod; the bottom of the fixed part 81 is provided with a first spring 83, the first spring 83 is sleeved on the light rod, and one end of the first spring 83 away from the fixed frame is arranged on the top wall of the ratchet 82; the ratchet wheel 84 is arranged on the flange plate 52, and the inside of the ratchet wheel 84 is provided with a rotating hole, the light rod is rotatably arranged in the rotating hole, and the ratchet wheel 84 cooperates with the ratchet 82; when the screw rod rotates forward, the ratchet 82 rotates relative to the ratchet wheel 84 and cannot drive the flange plate 52 to rotate, and the first spring 83 will be compressed under the rotation of the ratchet 82; when the screw rod reverses, the ratchet 82 can drive the ratchet wheel 84 and the flange plate 52 to rotate.

[0086] Since the screw rod and the flange plate 52 are connected through the ratchet assembly 8, the reverse rotation of the screw rod can drive the flange plate 52 and the rotating block 531 to rotate, that is, the rotating block 531 drives the shear plate 4 to slide out of the drill bit 2; when the screw rod rotates forward to retract the fixing assembly 6, the flange plate 52 and the rotating block 531 cannot be reversed, at this time part of the shear plate 4 is located outside the drill bit 2, and it is relatively difficult to pull out the penetration instrument directly.

[0087] In the embodiment, the outer surface of the rotating block 531 is provided with an arc-shaped pull groove 534, the arc-shaped pull groove 534 is provided with an elastic pull rope, and one end of the elastic pull rope away from the arc-shaped pull groove 534 is arranged on the inner wall of the drill bit 2; when the rotating block 531 rotates under the action of the reverse rotation of the screw rod, the rotating block 531 will pull the elastic pull rope, at this time the elastic pull rope has a certain elastic force; when the screw rod rotates forward to retract the fixing assembly 6, at this time the flange plate 52 is not subjected to the action force, and the rotating block 531 will reverse under the action of the elastic pull rope, the arc-shaped groove 533 in the rotating block 531 can drive the shear plate 4 to slide to the inside of the drill bit 2, so as to complete the reset of the shear plate 4.

[0088] Among them, the arc-shaped pull groove 534 is used for placing the elastic pull rope, and provides a containing space for the elastic pull rope when the rotating block 531 rotates.

[0089] In the embodiment, the hole on the inner wall of the drill bit 2 is a shear hole 21, the shear holes 21 are arranged on the outer surface of the drill bit 2 in a radial manner, and the shear holes 21 correspond to the shear plates 4 one by one; wherein the inner wall of the shear hole 21 is provided with a hinge, the hinge is a prior art; the hinge is used to shield the shear hole 21, so as to avoid the soil entering the shear hole 21 when the drill bit 2 penetrates into the soil to be measured, causing the shear hole 21 to be blocked.

[0090] In this embodiment, the drop hammer 31 has a through hole at its center, which is fitted onto the lead screw. When the drop hammer 31 rises under the action of the electromagnetic coil 32, the through hole can slide up and down on the outer surface of the multiple support rods 62 and the lead screw to avoid interference with the support rods 62 or the lead screw. At the same time, the top of the drop hammer 31 is chamfered. When the support rods 62 open, the chamfer of the drop hammer 31 can also provide a guiding effect for the opening of the support rods 62.

[0091] One embodiment of this application is shown in the appendix. Figure 2 As shown, the top of the outer casing 1 is provided with a rear end cover, and the top of the receiving cavity 11 is provided with a step. The drive motor 51 is located at the top of the step and cooperates with the top wall of the step. The rear end cover is connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11 by threads, and the rear end cover abuts against the top of the drive motor 51, thereby fixing the drive motor 51 inside the receiving cavity 11.

[0092] In this embodiment, the bottom of the rear cover is provided with barbs, which cooperate with the top of the drive motor 51 to prevent the drive motor 51 from sliding.

[0093] In this embodiment, the measuring sensor 7 is a tension-torsion sensor, which is a cylindrical resistance strain gauge sensor. The tension-torsion sensor has a bottom-out wire and is small in size, high in accuracy, and has a high response frequency.

[0094] This application provides a self-driven pressure and shear penetration tester, which includes a housing 1, a drill bit 2, a penetration drive assembly 3, multiple shear plates 4, a shear drive assembly 5, a fixing assembly 6, and a measuring sensor 7. Specifically, the penetration tester is vertically erected on the surface of the soil to be measured by a tripod. The tester is then activated, and an external power source energizes the electromagnetic coil 32 inside the tester, generating an upward electromagnetic field. Under the action of this electromagnetic force, the hammer 31 slowly rises. During the rising process, the electromagnetic force also exerts a downward reaction force on the tester, causing it to tend to move downwards. Once the hammer 31 reaches a designated height, the external power source energizes the electromagnetic coil 32 in the reverse direction, generating a downward electromagnetic field. Under the action of gravity and the electromagnetic force, the hammer 31 accelerates downwards. The hammer 31 strikes the flange 52 downwards, causing the drill bit 2 to penetrate the soil to be tested, and thus the entire penetrometer penetrates downwards. Depending on the required penetration impact force, the magnitude of the downward electromagnetic force can be controlled by adjusting the electromagnetic field, thereby controlling the penetration force. The penetrometer penetrates the soil to be tested, and the resistance of the soil to the penetrometer acts on the drill bit 2, which in turn acts on the measuring sensor 7. The measuring sensor 7 feeds back data to the computer, enabling data acquisition. By repeating the penetration action of the penetrometer, continuous hammering and penetration data, as well as the acquisition of penetration resistance data, can be achieved, thus completing the data acquisition work for the penetrometer's hammering and penetration resistance.

[0095] When the penetrometer is hammered to the specified depth, the electromagnetic coil 32 stops supplying power, and the penetrometer stops hammering; the driving motor 51 at the rear end of the penetrometer is started, and the driving motor 51 rotates in the forward direction to drive the screw rod to rotate in the forward direction, and with the rotation of the screw rod, the sliding plate 61 moves downward, thereby driving the plurality of support rods 62 to slowly move downward; when the support rods 62 contact the guide 63, the support rods 62 will slowly expand under the guidance of the guide 63, push away the hinges at the extension outlet 64, extend out of the extension outlet 64, and insert into the soil to be measured; with the downward movement of the sliding plate 61, the plurality of support rods 62 gradually expand and extend, and finally completely insert and fix in the soil to be measured;

[0096] After the fixing assembly 6 is fixed, the driving motor 51 reversely rotates to drive the screw rod to reversely rotate, and then drive the ratchet teeth 82 at the front end of the screw rod to reversely rotate and mesh with the ratchet wheel 84, so that the ratchet wheel 84 reversely rotates, the ratchet wheel 84 drives the rotating block 531 to rotate, the rotating block 531 meshes with the shearing plate 4, and with the rotation of the rotating block 531, the shearing plate 4 is pushed out, abuts against the hinges outside the drill bit 2, and extends out of the shearing hole 21 where the hinges are located, and inserts into the soil to be measured; with the expansion of the shearing plate 4, all of them are inserted into the soil to be measured; when the screw rod reversely rotates, the rotating block 531 only needs to rotate by 90 degrees or a smaller angle, and the screw rod also drives the sliding plate 61 to rotate upward; since the angle of the screw rod reversely rotating is small, the sliding plate 61 only moves a very small distance upward, so it will not affect the fixation of the support rods 62;

[0097] When the shearing plate 4 is completely expanded, the driving motor 51 continues to reversely rotate; at this time, since all mechanisms have been completely constrained, continuous rotation will drive the drill bit 2 to rotate, thereby driving the shearing plate 4 to rotate and shear the soil to be measured; at the same time, the support rods 62 of the fixing assembly 6 are inserted and fixed in the soil to be measured, and offset the reaction force generated by the shearing plate 4 shearing the soil to be measured, so that the penetrometer housing 1 will not rotate;

[0098] The torque data generated by the shearing plate 4 shearing the soil to be measured is transmitted to the computer end through the measurement sensor 7, the rotation torque data is collected, and the shearing measurement of the penetrometer is completed.

[0099] Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the aspects presented herein. Variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein can be made based on the information provided. It is intended that the application can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. The present application includes any and all steps, features, compositions and techniques contained within the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the claims. The specification and examples given herein are the most preferred embodiments of the application, which can be practiced in the absence of specific experimental data.

Claims

1. A self-powered pressure and shear penetrometer, characterized by, The utility model relates to a soil shear test device, including: a shell with a containing cavity inside; a drill bit rotatably arranged at the bottom of the shell; a penetration driving assembly arranged in the containing cavity for driving the drill bit to penetrate into the soil to be tested; a plurality of shear plates slidably arranged inside the drill bit; a shear driving assembly arranged in the containing cavity; the shear driving assembly cooperates with the shear plates to slide the shear plates out of the drill bit and rotate the shear plates to shear the soil to be tested; a fixing assembly slidably arranged in the containing cavity; the shear driving assembly cooperates with the fixing assembly to fix the shell and the soil to be tested; a measuring sensor arranged inside the drill bit for collecting the data of the penetration resistance and the data of the rotational torque of the shear; the shear driving assembly includes: a driving motor arranged inside the containing cavity; a flange disc rotatably arranged inside the containing cavity; the driving motor is connected with the flange disc to drive the flange disc to rotate, and the measuring sensor is arranged at the bottom of the flange disc; a cam assembly arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor; the cam assembly cooperates with the drill bit and the shear plates to slide the shear plates by rotating the cam assembly; the cam assembly includes: a rotating block arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor; an annular groove arranged on the outer surface of the rotating block; the annular groove is provided with an arc-shaped groove which cooperates with the shear plates; a round rod arranged on the side of the shear plate away from the outer surface of the drill bit; the round rod is slidably arranged in the arc-shaped groove, and the other end of the shear plate is slidably arranged in the hole on the inner wall of the drill bit; the fixing assembly includes: a sliding plate slidably arranged on the inner wall of the containing cavity; a lead screw is coaxially arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor, and the bottom of the lead screw is connected with the flange disc through a ratchet assembly; the sliding plate cooperates with the lead screw through screw threads; a plurality of support rods radially and rotatably arranged at the bottom of the sliding plate; a guide arranged on the lead screw; the guide cooperates with the plurality of support rods to guide the plurality of support rods to be spread out; a plurality of extension ports radially arranged on the shell to communicate the containing cavity with the outside; the extension ports correspond to the support rods respectively for the support rods to extend out; an arc-shaped pulling groove is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating block, and an elastic pulling rope is arranged in the arc-shaped pulling groove; one end of the elastic pulling rope away from the arc-shaped pulling groove is arranged on the inner wall of the drill bit, and a ball is arranged on the top wall of the drill bit in contact with the rotating block; the penetration driving assembly includes: a drop hammer slidably arranged in the containing cavity; an electromagnetic coil arranged on the inner wall of the containing cavity; the electromagnetic coil cooperates with the drop hammer to drive the drop hammer to ascend and descend. The guide and the top of the drop hammer are provided with chamfers, the bottom of the shell is provided with a ring groove, the top of the drill bit is provided with a rotating groove, the ring groove and the rotating groove are in interference fit, the top wall of the rotating groove and the top wall of the ring groove are in clearance fit, when the support rod and the shear plate are fully unfolded, the driving motor continues to rotate reversely, drives the drill bit and the shear plate to rotate, and the support rod offsets the reaction force generated by the shear plate shearing the soil, so that the penetration instrument shell is fixed.

2. A self-powered pressure-shearing penetrometer according to claim 1, wherein The ratchet assembly comprises: A fixing member is arranged on the outer surface of the lead screw; A ratchet is sleeved on the outer surface of the lead screw; the bottom of the fixing member is provided with a first spring, and one end of the first spring away from the fixing member is arranged on the top of the ratchet; A ratchet wheel is arranged on the flange plate; the inside of the ratchet wheel is provided with a rotating hole, and the bottom of the lead screw is rotatably arranged in the rotating hole; the ratchet wheel cooperates with the ratchet; when the lead screw rotates forward, the ratchet and the ratchet wheel are in a disengaged state, the ratchet rotates, and the ratchet wheel does not rotate; when the lead screw reverses, the ratchet and the ratchet wheel are in an engaged state, and the ratchet and the ratchet wheel rotate synchronously.

3. The self-powered pressure-shearing penetrometer of claim 1, wherein, The outer surface of the drill bit is provided with a plurality of shear holes in a radial manner, and the shear holes correspond one-to-one to the shear plates.

4. The self-powered pressure-shearing penetrometer of claim 3, wherein, The inner wall of the shear hole is provided with a hinge to shield the shear hole.

5. The self-powered pressure-shearing penetrometer of claim 1, wherein, The outer side of the sliding plate is provided with a sliding block, and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity is provided with a sliding groove, and the sliding block cooperates with the sliding groove. The outer surface of the drill bit is provided with a plurality of shear holes in a radial manner, and the shear holes correspond one-to-one to the shear plates.

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