Method for treating and detecting polluted land through aerial photography of unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating and detecting polluted land through aerial photography of an unmanned aerial vehicle. S1, unmanned aerial vehicle equipment preparation: the unmanned aerial vehicle is equipped with a GPS module and an environment monitoring sensor; s2, flight path planning: designing the flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the terrain, pollution source distribution and target pollutant type of the monitoring area; s3, multispectral imaging and data acquisition: the unmanned aerial vehicle executes a task on a preset flight path, and acquires spectral reflection data, temperature change data and pollutant distribution characteristics of a monitoring area in real time through a carried multispectral camera and a sensor; s4, pollution source identification and positioning; s5, data analysis and pollution assessment; and S6, report generation and decision support. According to the method, the land pollution condition can be rapidly and accurately monitored in real time, the method is particularly suitable for large-area and multi-dimensional land pollution assessment, the monitoring efficiency can be effectively improved, the monitoring cost can be effectively reduced, and more comprehensive pollution data can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of land detection, and in particular relates to a method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography. Background Art

[0002] Land pollution has become an important part of global environmental issues, especially due to the excessive use of industrial waste, pesticides, fertilizers and other chemicals, which has led to a decline in land quality, affecting the ecological environment and crop safety. However, traditional land pollution monitoring methods rely on manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, costly, and often cannot reflect the dynamic changes of large-scale pollution in a timely manner.

[0003] With the development of drone technology, drones are widely used in many fields due to their flexibility, high efficiency and low cost. However, existing drone monitoring methods are mainly focused on air pollution and water resources monitoring, and special methods for land pollution are still relatively scarce, especially in the efficient monitoring of large-scale polluted plots. Existing methods still cannot meet actual needs.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide a method for the management and detection of contaminated land using drone aerial photography.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting and treating contaminated land using drone aerial photography, which can monitor the land pollution status in real time, quickly and accurately, and is particularly suitable for large-scale and multi-dimensional land pollution assessment. Through this method, the monitoring efficiency can be effectively improved, the monitoring cost can be reduced, and more comprehensive pollution data can be obtained.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, a technical solution provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography comprises the following steps;

[0009] S1. UAV equipment preparation: equip the UAV with GPS module and environmental monitoring sensor;

[0010] S2. Flight path planning: Design the flight path of the drone based on the topography of the monitoring area, the distribution of pollution sources and the type of target pollutants;

[0011] S3, Multispectral imaging and data collection: The drone performs tasks on the preset flight path, and uses the multispectral camera and sensors on board to collect spectral reflectance data, temperature change data, and distribution characteristics of pollutants in the monitoring area in real time;

[0012] S4. Pollution source identification and location: Through the images and data collected by drones, combined with the geographic information system for analysis, the location of the pollution source and the scope of pollution spread can be identified;

[0013] S5. Data analysis and pollution assessment: Use machine learning algorithms to process data collected by drones, analyze the type, severity and types of pollutants of land pollution, and generate pollution distribution maps and dynamic change reports of pollution sources;

[0014] S6. Report generation and decision support: Generate land pollution analysis report based on drone monitoring data.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the flight path planning designed in step S2 includes route setting, flight altitude and speed, ensuring uniform coverage and effective monitoring of different areas.

[0016] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the multispectral imaging in step S3 is mainly used to detect vegetation changes, soil anomalies, and identify potential contaminated areas.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, various sensor data are used to further identify and classify different types of pollutants.

[0018] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of sensor data includes VOC, heavy metals, and soil moisture.

[0019] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the report content in step S6 includes pollutant types, pollution concentrations, spatial distribution and development trends.

[0020] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a pair of opposite end surfaces of the drone body are each provided with a cutting mechanism, and the bottom end surface of the cutting mechanism is sequentially provided with a second sampling mechanism and a first sampling mechanism.

[0021] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the cutting mechanism includes a first automatic lifting rod, a second automatic lifting rod and an automatic rotating cutter, the first automatic lifting rod is fixedly connected to a side end face of the drone body, the second automatic lifting rod is fixedly connected to a bottom end face of the first automatic lifting rod, the automatic rotating cutter is fixedly connected to the bottom end face of the second automatic lifting rod, and the upper end face of the automatic rotating cutter is fixedly connected to a motor.

[0022] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a storage mechanism is provided on one side end face of the drone body, the first sampling mechanism includes a suction cup and a straw, a plurality of straws are provided on the bottom end face of the suction cup, and the suction cup is connected to the storage mechanism.

[0023] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the second sampling mechanism includes a chassis and a delivery pipe, a plurality of delivery pipes are arranged on the bottom end face of the chassis, a vacuum pump is arranged on the inner end face of the storage mechanism, the vacuum pump includes a negative pressure port and an output port, the negative pressure port is connected to a negative pressure main pipe, the negative pressure main pipe is connected to a plurality of negative pressure branch pipes, the plurality of negative pressure branch pipes are respectively connected to a suction cup, a chassis and a storage mechanism, the output port is connected to an output pipe, and a part of the end face of the output pipe is located on the inner wall end face of the chassis.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography of the present invention has the following benefits:

[0025] 1) It can monitor land pollution in real time, quickly and accurately, and is especially suitable for large-scale and multi-dimensional land pollution assessment.

[0026] 2) It can effectively improve monitoring efficiency, reduce monitoring costs, and obtain more comprehensive pollution data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 The structure of the UAV in one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a first use state of a drone in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure at A;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a second use state of a drone in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 The structure of the UAV in one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .

[0034] Description of main reference numerals:

[0035] 1-UAV body, 2-arm, 201-propeller, 3-cutting mechanism, 301-first automatic lifting rod, 302-second automatic lifting rod, 303-automatic rotating cutter, 4-first sampling mechanism, 401-suction cup, 402-suction tube, 5-storage mechanism, 6-second sampling mechanism, 601-chassis, 602-transport pipe, 7-spectral camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography in one embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. Preparation of UAV equipment: Select UAV equipment with multi-spectral imaging, infrared imaging, lidar and other functions, and equip it with high-precision GPS modules and environmental monitoring sensors.

[0039] S2. Flight path planning: Design the flight path of the drone based on the terrain of the monitoring area, the distribution of pollution sources and the type of target pollutants. Path planning includes parameters such as route setting, flight altitude, speed, etc. to ensure uniform coverage and effective monitoring of different areas.

[0040] S3. Multispectral imaging and data collection: The drone performs tasks on the preset flight path, and uses the multispectral camera7 and sensors on board to collect real-time spectral reflectance data, temperature change data, and distribution characteristics of pollutants in the monitoring area. Multispectral imaging is mainly used to detect vegetation changes, soil anomalies, and identify potential pollution areas.

[0041] S4. Pollution source identification and location: The images and data collected by drones are analyzed in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify the location of pollution sources and the scope of pollution spread. For different types of pollutants, sensor data such as VOC, heavy metals, soil moisture, etc. are used for further identification and classification.

[0042] S5. Data analysis and pollution assessment: Use machine learning algorithms to process data collected by drones, analyze the type, severity and types of pollutants of land pollution, and generate pollution distribution maps and dynamic change reports of pollution sources.

[0043] S6. Report generation and decision support: Based on the data monitored by drones, an analysis report on land pollution is generated. The report includes the types of pollutants, pollution concentrations, spatial distribution and development trends. At the same time, the report provides governance suggestions based on the pollution situation and provides decision support for land restoration and management.

[0044] like Figure 2-Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of arms 2 are arranged on the drone body 1, and propellers 201 are connected to the arms 2. A spectral camera 7 is arranged on the bottom end surface of the drone body 1 to detect land pollution through the drone body 1.

[0045] Electrochemical sensors, spectrometers, humidity sensors, and temperature sensors are provided on multiple end surfaces of the drone body 1 for detecting data such as VOC, heavy metals, soil humidity, and temperature.

[0046] A pair of opposite end faces of the drone body 1 are both provided with cutting mechanisms 3, and the bottom end faces of the cutting mechanisms 3 are sequentially provided with second sampling mechanisms 6 and first sampling mechanisms 4. When the drone encounters obstacles such as branches at the position to be inspected during the inspection process, and other paths cannot be changed, the cutting mechanism 3 can be started to rotate and cut to eliminate obstacles for easy inspection, and the gas can be sampled through the second sampling mechanism 6. The first sampling mechanism 4 is used to sample liquids and land.

[0047] like Figure 3-Figure 6 As shown, the cutting mechanism 3 includes a first automatic lifting rod 301, a second automatic lifting rod 302 and an automatic rotating cutter 303. The first automatic lifting rod 301 is fixedly connected to one side end face of the UAV body 1, the second automatic lifting rod 302 is fixedly connected to the bottom end face of the first automatic lifting rod 301, the automatic rotating cutter 303 is fixedly connected to the bottom end face of the second automatic lifting rod 302, and the upper side end face of the automatic rotating cutter 303 is fixedly connected to a motor, and the automatic rotating cutter 303 is controlled to move forward and backward by the first automatic lifting rod 301, and to move up and down by the second automatic lifting rod 302 to adapt. When the UAV encounters obstacles such as branches during descent, the first automatic lifting rod 301 and the second automatic lifting rod 302 can be controlled to move up and down to move the automatic rotating cutter 303 to the adaptation position, and the obstacles are rotated and cut off so that they do not affect the normal detection of the UAV.

[0048] When the cutting mechanism 3 is moving, distance sensors are provided on the second automatic lifting rod 302 and the cutting mechanism 3 to detect the real-time position of the cutting mechanism 3, thereby ensuring the normal movement of the cutting mechanism 3 without touching surrounding parts.

[0049] A storage mechanism 5 is provided on one side of the drone body 1. The first sampling mechanism 4 includes a suction cup 401 and a suction tube 402. A plurality of suction tubes 402 are provided on the bottom end of the suction cup 401. The suction cup 401 is connected to the storage mechanism 5. A temporary storage bin is provided in the chassis 601. A sealing cover is provided above the temporary storage bin. Sampling is performed through the plurality of suction tubes 402 under the first sampling mechanism 4. When the drone is testing and needs to sample the tested land, the vacuum pump can be started to output negative pressure, and a small amount of sample is adsorbed through the plurality of suction tubes 402 to be stored in the temporary storage bin of the chassis 601. When it is needed to be taken later, the sealing cover can be opened to take it out.

[0050] It is worth noting that when liquid needs to be sampled, the liquid can be directly transported to the storage mechanism 5 for storage. The storage mechanism 5 is provided with multiple liquid storage bins and gas storage bins. The multiple liquid storage bins and gas storage bins are all connected to the sample delivery pipe, and the sample delivery pipe is connected to the negative pressure branch pipe, so that different samples can be stored in the liquid storage bins of multiple storage mechanisms 5 according to needs.

[0051] The second sampling mechanism 6 includes a chassis 601 and a delivery pipe 602. A plurality of delivery pipes 602 are arranged on the bottom end face of the chassis 601. A vacuum pump is arranged on the inner end face of the storage mechanism 5. The vacuum pump includes a negative pressure port and an output port. The negative pressure port is connected to a negative pressure main pipe. The negative pressure main pipe is connected to a plurality of negative pressure branch pipes. The plurality of negative pressure branch pipes are respectively connected to the suction cup 401, the chassis 601 and the storage mechanism 5, so as to absorb the sample to be sampled by the suction cup 401 and deliver it to the temporary storage bin of the chassis 601 or the liquid storage bin of the storage mechanism 5.

[0052] The output port is connected to the output pipe, and part of the end face of the output pipe is located on the inner wall end face of the chassis 601, so as to output the airflow through the delivery pipe 602, clear the obstacles below that affect the detection, and facilitate the detection of the UAV.

[0053] It should be noted that part of the multiple delivery pipes 602 are connected to the output pipe, and the delivery pipes 602 connected to the output pipes are internally connected to nozzles, and another part of the delivery pipes 602 are connected to the negative pressure branch pipes. The delivery pipes 602 connected to the negative pressure branch pipes can output negative pressure. When the drone encounters smog weather or the air in polluted areas contains a variety of polluted chemical gases during the inspection process, the chemical gases in the current environment can be adsorbed through the delivery pipes 602 for sampling, and then transported to the gas storage bin in the storage mechanism 5 for storage.

[0054] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, when the UAV is cruising, it needs to descend to conduct a detailed survey of the current land pollution situation. However, because there are many branches below and other paths cannot be selected for descending and detection, the first automatic lifting rod 301 and the second automatic lifting rod 302 can be started to descend and move left and right to make the automatic rotating cutter 303 descend to a position where branches can be cut, and the branches can be cut by rotating to cut a space so that the UAV can descend to a suitable distance for surveying. After the cutting is completed, the first automatic lifting rod 301 and the second automatic lifting rod 302 are reset.

[0055] When it is necessary to sample the land to be tested, if the sample is liquid or land, the sample can be adsorbed through the straw 402 and transported to the storage mechanism 5 or the chassis 601 for storage. When it is necessary to sample the gas in the environment, the transport pipe 602 can be started for adsorption sampling.

[0056] This application has the following benefits;

[0057] Efficient monitoring: The use of drone technology eliminates the need for large amounts of manpower and material resources for manual sampling, greatly improving the efficiency of large-scale land pollution monitoring.

[0058] Strong real-time performance: UAVs can quickly obtain real-time data on large-scale pollution, which is especially suitable for areas that require frequent monitoring.

[0059] Multi-dimensional data integration: Multispectral imaging, LiDAR and other equipment can provide multi-dimensional data, which helps to comprehensively assess the extent and scope of pollution.

[0060] High degree of automation: Through automated flight path planning and data processing, human intervention is reduced, ensuring the accuracy of data acquisition and analysis.

[0061] Low cost: Compared with traditional monitoring methods, drones have lower operating costs and are suitable for long-term monitoring needs.

[0062] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0063] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. UAV equipment preparation: equip the UAV with GPS module and environmental monitoring sensor; S2. Flight path planning: Design the flight path of the drone based on the topography of the monitoring area, the distribution of pollution sources and the type of target pollutants; S3, Multispectral imaging and data collection: The drone performs tasks on the preset flight path, and uses the multispectral camera and sensors on board to collect spectral reflectance data, temperature change data, and distribution characteristics of pollutants in the monitoring area in real time; S4. Pollution source identification and location: Through the images and data collected by drones, combined with the geographic information system for analysis, the location of the pollution source and the scope of pollution spread can be identified; S5. Data analysis and pollution assessment: Use machine learning algorithms to process data collected by drones, analyze the type, severity and types of pollutants of land pollution, and generate pollution distribution maps and dynamic change reports of pollution sources; S6. Report generation and decision support: Generate land pollution analysis report based on drone monitoring data.

2. The method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flight path planning designed in step S2 includes route setting, flight altitude and speed, ensuring uniform coverage and effective monitoring of different areas.

3. The method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multispectral imaging in step S3 is mainly used to detect vegetation changes, soil anomalies, and identify potential contaminated areas.

4. A method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: In the step S4, various sensor data are used to further identify and classify different types of pollutants.

5. The method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The various sensor data include VOC, heavy metals, and soil moisture.

6. The method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 5, characterized in that: The report content in step S6 includes pollutant types, pollution concentrations, spatial distribution and development trends.

7. The method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of opposite end surfaces of the UAV body are both provided with cutting mechanisms, and the bottom end surface of the cutting mechanism is sequentially provided with a second sampling mechanism and a first sampling mechanism.

8. The method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism comprises: A first automatic lifting rod is fixedly connected to one end surface of the UAV body; A second automatic lifting rod, fixedly connected to the bottom end surface of the first automatic lifting rod; The automatic rotating cutter is fixedly connected to the bottom end surface of the second automatic lifting rod, and the upper end surface of the automatic rotating cutter is fixedly connected to a motor.

9. The method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 8, characterized in that: A storage mechanism is arranged on one side end surface of the UAV body, the first sampling mechanism comprises a suction cup and a straw, a plurality of straws are arranged on the bottom end surface of the suction cup, and the suction cup is connected to the storage mechanism.

10. The method for detecting and treating contaminated land by using drone aerial photography according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second sampling mechanism includes a chassis and a delivery pipe. A plurality of delivery pipes are arranged on the bottom end face of the chassis. A vacuum pump is arranged on the inner end face of the storage mechanism. The vacuum pump includes a negative pressure port and an output port. The negative pressure port is connected to a negative pressure main pipe. The negative pressure main pipe is connected to a plurality of negative pressure branch pipes. The plurality of negative pressure branch pipes are respectively connected to a suction cup, a chassis and a storage mechanism. The output port is connected to an output pipe. Part of the end face of the output pipe is located on the inner wall end face of the chassis.

Images