Internet of Things-based Real-time Monitoring and Data Fusion System for Power Grid Equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things, specifically related to the field of real-time monitoring, including a gas concentration detection module for power grid equipment, a parameter data acquisition module for power grid equipment, a data processing and calculation module, a power grid equipment loss value calculation module, and a data fusion and calculation module; the present invention measures the gas concentration through a laser, adjusts the laser wavelength to coincide with the gas absorption spectral line, calculates the absorbed radiation intensity and the gas absorption coefficient, calculates the harmonic ratio, and inversely obtains the gas concentration; then collects the insulator voltage and resistance, eliminates outliers and supplements missing values for the collected data, calculates the heating value, and compares it with the heating threshold to send out a signal; after receiving the signal, the power grid equipment loss value calculation module calculates the loss value; finally, according to the gas concentration, the heating value and the loss value, calculates the index value of the power grid equipment, compares it with the threshold and outputs a signal to ensure the safe operation of the power grid equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of real-time monitoring, and more specifically, to a real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] In today's society, electricity, as an essential basic energy source for modern industry and life, its stable supply and efficient utilization have a crucial impact on national economic development, social harmony, and the quality of people's lives; with the continuous growth of electricity demand and the continuous expansion of the power grid scale, the safe operation and efficient management of power grid equipment are facing unprecedented challenges.

[0003] With the continuous development of the power industry and the expansion of the power grid scale, the number and types of power grid equipment are also increasing continuously; various faults and abnormal conditions may occur during the operation of these equipment, such as equipment aging, damage, overload, etc. If these problems are not solved in time, it may lead to the occurrence of power grid accidents, bringing serious impacts to social production and life; therefore, real-time monitoring of power grid equipment and timely discovery and handling of potential problems are of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

[0004] However, when traditional power grid equipment monitoring is actually used, there are still some disadvantages. For example, in modern power maintenance, generally some regular preventive tests are carried out. Although to a certain extent, some faults can be detected and power accidents can be prevented, some faults of power equipment are often stage-related, and early faults are difficult to be detected in time. Eventually, these early faults deteriorate due to not being detected in time and evolve into serious power accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] Gas concentration detection module for power grid equipment: used to install a laser at the position where the power grid equipment emits the most gas times in historical events, and drive the laser to generate a light source with adjustable wavelength to measure the gas concentration;

[0008] Power grid equipment parameter data acquisition module: used to receive the preliminary warning signal sent by the gas concentration detection module for power grid equipment, and when the preliminary warning signal is received, collect the distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment.

[0009] Data processing and calculation module: It is set in the cloud data processing center, used to receive the data from the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, eliminate outliers and supplement missing values for the data; then calculate the calorific value from the processed data and transmit the calorific value to the data fusion and calculation module;

[0010] Power grid equipment loss value calculation module: It is used to receive the secondary warning signal in the data processing and calculation module, and immediately calculate the power grid equipment loss value when receiving the secondary warning signal;

[0011] Data fusion and calculation module: It is used to calculate the power grid equipment index value based on the calorific value, gas concentration and loss value.

[0012] Preferably, in the power grid equipment gas concentration detection module, when driving the semiconductor laser to generate a light source, the calculation method of the light intensity of the light source emitted by the laser is specifically:

[0013] , where D represents the light intensity emitted by the laser, represents the radiation intensity before modulation, represents the modulation frequency, a represents the light intensity modulation coefficient, and t represents the modulation time;

[0014] The calculation method of the instantaneous frequency of the laser is specifically:

[0015] , where E represents the instantaneous frequency of the laser, represents the center frequency of the laser, b represents the modulation amplitude of the laser, represents the modulation frequency, and t represents the modulation time;

[0016] By modulating the center frequency of the absorption peak of the laser to coincide with the gas absorption spectral line, the calculation method of the radiation intensity after being absorbed by gas molecules is specifically:

[0017] , where F represents the radiation intensity after being absorbed by gas molecules, represents the radiation intensity before modulation, a represents the light intensity modulation coefficient, represents the modulation frequency, t represents the modulation time, represents the natural frequency, represents the gas absorption coefficient, A represents the gas concentration value, and B represents the gas path length through which the laser beam passes;

[0018] Perform Fourier series expansion processing on the radiation intensity after being absorbed by gas molecules. After processing, the fundamental harmonic value and the second harmonic value are obtained. The calculation method of the fundamental harmonic value is specifically:

[0019] ,in, It is expressed as the first harmonic value, a is the light intensity modulation coefficient, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation;

[0020] ,in, Expressed as the second harmonic value, It is represented as the gas absorption coefficient, d is represented as a constant, A is represented as the gas concentration value, B is represented as the gas path length that the laser beam passes through, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation;

[0021] The harmonic ratio is calculated based on the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value. The specific calculation method of the harmonic ratio is:

[0022] , where K represents the harmonic ratio, Expressed as the second harmonic value, Expressed as the first harmonic value;

[0023] It can be seen from the harmonic ratio that the harmonic ratio is proportional to the gas concentration value. The gas concentration is inverted by the constant, and the inverted gas concentration is: , where A represents the gas concentration, K represents the harmonic ratio, and d represents a constant;

[0024] The gas concentration after inversion is compared with the preset gas concentration threshold. If the gas concentration after inversion is greater than the preset gas concentration threshold, a preliminary warning signal is issued and sent to the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module; if the gas concentration after inversion is less than the preset gas concentration threshold, a safety signal is issued and monitoring continues.

[0025] Preferably, in the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, after receiving the preliminary warning signal, the distributed voltage tester is started to collect the distributed voltage of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment; the resistance value is measured by collecting through the resistance divider rod, and the resistance of the insulator is calculated by measuring the potential difference between the two points and combining with the known resistance value; the collected distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment are transmitted to the data processing and calculation module through the wireless network for data processing.

[0026] Preferably, in the data processing and calculation module, the Z-score method is used to eliminate the received abnormal data, and the interpolation method is used to supplement the missing values;

[0027] The processed data is calculated to obtain the calorific value of the insulator of the power grid equipment. The specific method for calculating the calorific value is:

[0028] , where L represents the heating value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, represents the voltage borne by the g-th insulator, represents the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the g-th insulator, represents the power supply angular frequency, represents the equivalent impedance of the g-th insulator, represents the voltage correction factor of the g-th insulator, represents the temperature correction factor of the g-th insulator, represents the temperature borne by the g-th insulator.

[0029] Preferably, in the power grid equipment loss value calculation module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment loss value is specifically:

[0030] , where Q represents the power grid equipment loss value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, represents the current value of the g-th insulator, represents the resistance value of the g-th insulator, represents the voltage borne by the g-th insulator, represents the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the g-th insulator, represents the power supply angular frequency, represents the power grid equipment load factor, U represents the rated capacity of the voltage equipment, and V represents the average power factor on the load side of the power grid equipment.

[0031] Preferably, in the data fusion and analysis module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment index value is specifically:

[0032] , where Z represents the power grid equipment index value, A represents the gas concentration, L represents the heating value, Q represents the power grid equipment loss value, 、 、 represent the weight factors;

[0033] Compare the calculated power grid equipment index value with the preset power grid equipment index threshold. If the calculated power grid equipment index value is greater than the preset power grid equipment index threshold, output the final warning signal, transmit the final warning signal to the control end, and the control end notifies the relevant personnel for correction; if the calculated power grid equipment index value is less than the preset power grid equipment index threshold, output the safety signal and continue monitoring.

[0034] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0035] The present invention measures the gas concentration through a laser, then uses the harmonic ratio to invert the gas concentration and compares it with a threshold value to issue a warning; after receiving the warning, it collects the distributed voltage and resistance of the insulator, calculates the heating value, compares it with the threshold value, and issues a secondary warning; after receiving the secondary warning, it calculates the power grid equipment loss value, calculates the power grid equipment index value based on the heating value, gas concentration and loss value, and compares it with the threshold value to output a final warning or safety signal; through the above methods, it can cope with stage faults and detect early faults in time, preventing the occurrence of serious power accidents. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the module connection of the present invention. Detailed Embodiment

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things, which includes a gas concentration detection module for power grid equipment, a parameter data acquisition module for power grid equipment, a data processing and calculation module, a power grid equipment loss value calculation module, and a data fusion and calculation module.

[0039] Gas concentration detection module for power grid equipment: used to install the laser at the position where the power grid equipment emits the most gas times in historical events, and drive the laser to generate a light source with adjustable wavelength to measure the gas concentration;

[0040] In the gas concentration detection module for power grid equipment, when driving the semiconductor laser to generate a light source, the calculation method of the light intensity of the light source emitted by the laser is specifically:

[0041] , where D represents the light intensity emitted by the laser, represents the radiation intensity before modulation, represents the modulation frequency, a represents the light intensity modulation coefficient, and t represents the modulation time;

[0042] Among them, the modulation frequency is in the frequency modulation process, the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal changes according to the modulation signal, and the new frequency of the modulated carrier signal is the modulation frequency;

[0043] The calculation method of the instantaneous frequency of the laser is specifically:

[0044] , where E represents the instantaneous frequency of the laser, represents the center frequency of the laser, b represents the modulation amplitude of the laser, represents the modulation frequency, and t represents the modulation time;

[0045] By modulating the center frequency of the absorption peak of the laser to coincide with the gas absorption spectral line, the calculation method of the radiation intensity after passing through the gas molecules is specifically as follows:

[0046] , where F represents the radiation intensity after passing through the gas molecules, represents the radiation intensity before modulation, a represents the light intensity modulation coefficient, represents the modulation frequency, t represents the modulation time, represents the natural frequency, represents the gas absorption coefficient, A represents the gas concentration value, and B represents the gas path length through which the laser beam passes;

[0047] Among them, the calculation method of the gas absorption coefficient is specifically as follows:

[0048] , where represents the gas absorption coefficient, represents the absorption cross-section of the gas, and E represents the instantaneous frequency of the laser; represents the center frequency of the absorption peak, represents the half-width of the absorption line,

[0049] Among them, the center frequency of the absorption peak refers to the maximum absorption value corresponding to the center wavelength of the absorption degree versus wavelength curve in the absorption spectrum;

[0050] The calculation method of the natural frequency is specifically as follows:

[0051] , where represents the natural frequency, b represents the modulation amplitude of the laser, represents the half-width of the absorption line;

[0052] Fourier series expansion processing is performed on the radiation intensity after passing through the gas molecules. After processing, the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value are obtained. The calculation method of the first harmonic value is specifically as follows:

[0053] , where represents the first harmonic value, a represents the light intensity modulation coefficient, represents the radiation intensity before modulation;

[0054] , where is expressed as the second harmonic value, is expressed as the gas absorption coefficient, d is expressed as a constant, A is expressed as the gas concentration value, and B is expressed as the gas path length through which the laser beam passes. is expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation;

[0055] The harmonic ratio is calculated based on the fundamental harmonic value and the second harmonic value. The specific calculation method of the harmonic ratio is as follows:

[0056] , where K is expressed as the harmonic ratio, is expressed as the second harmonic value, is expressed as the fundamental harmonic value;

[0057] From the harmonic ratio, it can be seen that the harmonic ratio is proportional to the gas concentration value. By inverting the gas concentration with a constant, the inverted gas concentration is: , where A is expressed as the gas concentration, K is expressed as the harmonic ratio, and d is expressed as a constant;

[0058] Compare the inverted gas concentration with the preset gas concentration threshold. If the inverted gas concentration is greater than the preset gas concentration threshold, a preliminary warning signal is issued and sent to the grid equipment parameter acquisition module; if the inverted gas concentration is less than the preset gas concentration threshold, a safety signal is issued and monitoring continues.

[0059] Grid equipment parameter data acquisition module: used to receive the preliminary warning signal sent from the gas concentration detection module of the grid equipment. When the preliminary warning signal is received, collect the distributed voltage and resistance of the insulators on the surface of the grid equipment;

[0060] In the grid equipment parameter acquisition module, after receiving the preliminary warning signal, start the distributed voltage tester to collect the distributed voltage of the insulators on the surface of the grid equipment; the resistance value is measured by a resistance voltage dividing rod. By measuring the potential difference between two points and combining the known resistance value, the resistance of the insulator is calculated; the collected distributed voltage and resistance of the insulators on the surface of the grid equipment are transmitted to the data processing module through a wireless network for data processing;

[0061] The distributed voltage tester includes a short - circuit fork, a resistance voltage - dividing rod, a capacitance voltage - dividing rod, a spark - gap inspection rod, etc.; the short - circuit fork is used to detect damaged insulators, and judge the voltage borne by the insulators by observing the spark discharge situation; the resistance voltage - dividing rod and the capacitance voltage - dividing rod are used to measure the potential difference at each point on the insulator string. The resistance voltage - dividing rod is applicable to the measurement of insulator strings in substations and lines with high voltage levels, while the capacitance voltage - dividing rod is applicable to the measurement of low voltage levels; the spark - gap inspection rod is used to detect deteriorated insulators in the insulator string, and determine the voltage distribution of the insulators by observing the spark discharge situation.

[0062] Data processing and calculation module: It is set in the cloud data processing center, used to receive the data of the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, eliminate outliers and supplement missing values for the data; then calculate the calorific value from the processed data and transmit the calorific value to the data fusion and calculation module;

[0063] In the data processing and calculation module, the Z - score method is used to eliminate the received abnormal data, and the interpolation method is used to supplement the missing values;

[0064] The method of using the Z - score method to eliminate the received data is specifically as follows:

[0065] Step A1: Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the collected data set. The mean is the average of all data points, and the standard deviation is a measure of the degree to which data points deviate from the mean.

[0066] Step A2: For each data point x in the data set, apply the Z - score formula to calculate its Z value:

[0067] , where Y represents the Z - score value, X represents the data value, S is the mean of the data set, and σ is the standard deviation of the data set;

[0068] Step A3: Set the threshold range as , which means that the data point is more than 3 standard deviations away from the mean, then this data value is an outlier;

[0069] Calculate the calorific value of the power grid equipment insulator from the processed data. The specific calculation method of the calorific value is as follows:

[0070] , where L represents the calorific value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, represents the voltage borne by the g - th insulator, represents the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the g - th insulator, represents the power supply angular frequency, represents the equivalent impedance of the g - th insulator, It is expressed as the voltage correction factor for the g-th insulator sheet, It is expressed as the temperature correction factor for the g-th insulator sheet, It is expressed as the temperature endured by the g-th insulator sheet;

[0071] Compare the calculated heat generation value with the preset heat generation threshold. If the heat generation value is greater than the preset heat generation threshold, send a secondary warning signal and transmit the secondary warning signal to the power grid equipment loss value calculation module; if the heat generation value is less than the preset heat generation threshold, continue monitoring;

[0072] Among them, the power supply angular frequency represents the angular velocity corresponding to the sine wave frequency when the power supply outputs voltage, and it describes the number of radians of change of the alternating current signal per unit time;

[0073] Temperature is an important factor affecting the performance of insulating materials; an increase in temperature may lead to an increase in dielectric loss, thereby increasing heat generation. Introducing a temperature correction factor can reflect the temperature dependence and make the calculation of the heat generation value more in line with the actual situation;

[0074] The change in voltage will also affect the dielectric loss; in some cases, an increase in voltage may lead to a non-linear increase in dielectric loss. Introducing a voltage correction factor can take into account this influence of voltage on dielectric loss and make the calculation of the heat generation power more accurate;

[0075] The specific calculation method of the tangent value of the dielectric loss angle is as follows:

[0076] , where, It is expressed as the tangent value of the dielectric loss angle of the g-th sheet, It is expressed as the tangent value of the dielectric loss angle of the g-th insulator sheet at the reference temperature below, It is expressed as the temperature coefficient, It is expressed as the actual temperature, It is expressed as the reference temperature, It is expressed as the secondary temperature coefficient of the g-th insulator sheet;

[0077] Among them, the dielectric loss angle is an important index characterizing the electrical performance of insulating materials. It reflects the degree to which insulating materials convert electrical energy into heat energy under the action of an alternating electric field;

[0078] Among them, introducing the secondary temperature coefficient can accurately describe the non-linear characteristics of the tangent value of the dielectric loss angle changing with temperature.

[0079] Power grid equipment loss value calculation module: It is used to receive the secondary warning signal in the data processing and calculation module. When receiving the secondary warning signal, immediately calculate the power grid equipment loss value;

[0080] In the grid equipment loss value calculation module, the calculation method of the grid equipment loss value is specifically as follows:

[0081] , where Q represents the grid equipment loss value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, represents the current value of the g-th insulator, represents the resistance value of the g-th insulator, represents the voltage borne by the g-th insulator, represents the tangent value of the dielectric loss angle of the g-th insulator, represents the power supply angular frequency, represents the grid equipment load factor, U represents the rated capacity of the voltage equipment, and V represents the average power factor on the load side of the grid equipment;

[0082] Transmit the calculated grid equipment loss value to the data fusion and analysis module.

[0083] Data fusion and calculation module: used to calculate the grid equipment index value based on the heating value, gas concentration, and loss value;

[0084] In the data fusion and analysis module, the calculation method of the grid equipment index value is specifically as follows:

[0085] , where Z represents the grid equipment index value, A represents the gas concentration, L represents the heating value, and Q represents the grid equipment loss value, 、 、 represent weight factors;

[0086] Among them, takes a value of 50%, takes a value of 30%, the weight of takes a value of 20%;

[0087] The calculation method of the grid equipment index threshold is specifically as follows:

[0088] , where, represents the grid equipment index threshold, n represents the number of times of calculating the historical grid equipment index value. To reduce the error of the calculated value, the value of n is , represents the gas concentration of the i-th historical data, represents the heating value of the i-th historical data, represents the grid equipment loss value of the i-th historical data;

[0089] Compare the calculated power grid equipment index value with the preset power grid equipment index threshold. If the calculated power grid equipment index value is greater than the preset power grid equipment index threshold, output the final warning signal, transmit the final warning signal to the control end, and the control end notifies the relevant personnel to make corrections; if the calculated power grid equipment index value is less than the preset power grid equipment index threshold, output the safety signal and continue monitoring;

[0090] Finally, the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system of power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things is characterized by: include: Power grid equipment gas concentration detection module: used to install the laser at the location where the power grid equipment emits the most gas in historical events, and drive the laser to generate a wavelength-adjustable light source to measure the gas concentration; Power grid equipment parameter data acquisition module: used to receive the preliminary warning signal issued by the gas concentration detection module of the power grid equipment, and after receiving the preliminary warning signal, collect the distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulators of the power grid equipment; Data processing and calculation module: used to be set up in the cloud data processing center, used to receive the data from the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, and remove abnormal values ​​and supplement missing values ​​from the data; then calculate the calorific value of the processed data, and transmit the calorific value to the data fusion calculation module; Power grid equipment loss value calculation module: used to receive the secondary warning signal in the data processing calculation module, and immediately calculate the power grid equipment loss value after receiving the secondary warning signal; In the power grid equipment loss value calculation module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment loss value is specifically as follows: , where Q represents the power grid equipment loss value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, It is expressed as the current value of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the resistance value of the g-th insulator, It is expressed as the voltage borne by the g-th insulator. It is expressed as the dielectric loss tangent of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the power angular frequency, It is expressed as the load factor of the power grid equipment, U is expressed as the rated capacity of the voltage equipment, and V is expressed as the average power factor on the load side of the power grid equipment. Data fusion and calculation module: used to calculate the power grid equipment index value based on the heating value, gas concentration and loss value.

2. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the gas concentration detection module of the power grid equipment, a semiconductor laser is driven to generate a light source, and the calculation method of the light intensity of the light source emitted by the laser is specifically as follows: , where D represents the light intensity emitted by the laser, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation, It is expressed as modulation frequency, a is light intensity modulation coefficient, and t is modulation time; The instantaneous frequency calculation method of the laser is as follows: , where E represents the instantaneous frequency of the laser, represents the center frequency of the laser, b represents the modulation amplitude of the laser, It is expressed as the modulation frequency, and t is expressed as the modulation time; By modulating the absorption peak center frequency of the laser to make it coincide with the gas absorption spectrum, the calculation method of the radiation intensity after absorption by the gas molecules is as follows: , where F represents the radiation intensity after being absorbed by gas molecules, It is represented by the radiation intensity before modulation, a is represented by the light intensity modulation coefficient, represents the modulation frequency, t represents the modulation time, Expressed as the natural frequency, It is expressed as the gas absorption coefficient, A is the gas concentration value, and B is the gas path length that the laser beam passes through.

3. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The calculation method of gas absorption coefficient is as follows: ,in, Expressed as the gas absorption coefficient, It is represented by the absorption cross section of the gas, and E is represented by the instantaneous frequency of the laser; Expressed as the center frequency of the absorption peak, It is expressed as the half-width of the absorption line; The calculation method of natural frequency is as follows: ,in, is the natural frequency, b is the modulation amplitude of the laser, Expressed as the half-width of the absorption line.

4. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2 or 3 is characterized in that: The radiation intensity after being absorbed by the gas molecules is processed by Fourier series expansion, and the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value are obtained after processing. The calculation method of the first harmonic value is specifically as follows: ,in, It is expressed as the first harmonic value, a is the light intensity modulation coefficient, Expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation; ,in, Expressed as the second harmonic value, It is represented as the gas absorption coefficient, d is represented as a constant, A is represented as the gas concentration value, B is represented as the gas path length that the laser beam passes through, It is expressed as the radiation intensity before modulation; The harmonic ratio is calculated based on the first harmonic value and the second harmonic value. The specific calculation method of the harmonic ratio is: , where K represents the harmonic ratio, Expressed as the second harmonic value, Expressed as the first harmonic value; It can be seen from the harmonic ratio that the harmonic ratio is proportional to the gas concentration value. The gas concentration is inverted by the constant, and the inverted gas concentration is: , where A represents the gas concentration, K represents the harmonic ratio, and d represents a constant.

5. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the power grid equipment parameter acquisition module, after receiving the preliminary warning signal, the distributed voltage tester is started to collect the distributed voltage of the surface insulator of the power grid equipment; the resistance value is measured by collecting through the resistance divider rod, and the resistance of the insulator is calculated by measuring the potential difference between two points and combining with the known resistance value; the collected distributed voltage and resistance of the surface insulator of the power grid equipment are transmitted to the data processing and calculation module through the wireless network for data processing.

6. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the data processing and calculation module, the Z-score method is used to eliminate the received abnormal data, and the interpolation method is used to supplement the missing values; The processed data is calculated to obtain the calorific value of the insulator of the power grid equipment. The specific method for calculating the calorific value is: , where L represents the heating value, h represents the total number of insulators in the insulator string, It is expressed as the voltage borne by the g-th insulator. It is expressed as the dielectric loss tangent of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the power angular frequency, Expressed as the equivalent impedance of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the voltage correction factor of the g-th insulator, Expressed as the temperature correction factor for the g-th insulator, It is expressed as the temperature borne by the g-th insulator.

7. The real-time monitoring and data fusion system for power grid equipment based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the data fusion and analysis module, the calculation method of the power grid equipment index value is specifically as follows: , where Z represents the index value of the power grid equipment, A represents the gas concentration, L represents the calorific value, and Q represents the loss value of the power grid equipment. , , Expressed as a weight factor; The calculated grid equipment index value is compared with the preset grid equipment index threshold. If the calculated grid equipment index value is greater than the preset grid equipment index threshold, a final warning signal is output and transmitted to the control end, and the control end notifies relevant personnel to make corrections; if the calculated grid equipment index value is less than the preset grid equipment index threshold, a safety signal is output and monitoring continues.

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