Method and equipment for forecasting geological structure in front of tunnel face and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological engineering and digital modeling, and provides a tunnel face front geological structure forecasting method and device and a storage medium, geological element objects are drawn on a registration live-action three-dimensional model, each surface equation of a cavern BIM model is constructed, space intersection line parameters between a fitting plane equation and the surface equations are solved, and a tunnel face front geological structure forecasting result is obtained. Calculating a space Boolean operation result of the surface equation of the tunnel BIM model and the surface equation of the tunnel BIM model, so as to obtain all geological element objects intersected with the tunnel BIM model, an expression of a space intersection line and a corresponding starting point parameter, and obtaining a pile number section range of a to-be-blasted tunnel in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face; and searching all geological element objects intersected with the underground cavern within the range of the stake mark section of the cavern, and taking the geological element objects as a geological structure element set to be forecasted. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision and three-dimensional visualization, and dynamic forecasting of the geological structure in front of the tunnel face of the cavern is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological engineering and digital modeling, and in particular to a method, a device and a storage medium for predicting geological structure ahead of a tunnel face. Background Art

[0002] During the excavation of underground caverns, complex geological conditions may lead to geological disasters such as landslides and water gushing, posing major safety hazards to construction workers. The main purpose of geological structure prediction is to combine existing geological data and real-time monitoring data to predict the unexposed geological structure in front of the underground cavern face, identify potential faults, weak interlayers and other geological conditions and spatial distribution patterns, so as to reasonably predict the construction conditions and stability of the excavated cavern section ahead and reduce construction risks. In addition, accurate prediction of geological structures can provide a better data basis for construction blasting, support design parameters and other operations.

[0003] At present, the traditional method is to complete the geological structure prediction by analyzing the development law of the fault fracture zone based on the data of drilling and geological survey. However, the traditional geological survey is usually completed by compass, sketch paper, etc., which has problems such as low measurement efficiency and large error. For places that are beyond human reach such as the top of the cavern, the geological personnel can only rely on their experience to judge the occurrence of geological structures and other information, which greatly reduces the credibility of the geological structure prediction. Secondly, when encountering inclined shafts, vertical shafts and underground tunnels with slightly larger slopes, it is usually necessary to convert and locate the inclined length and horizontal distance on the longitudinal section and plan layout drawing according to the occurrence of the structural surface of the heading face and the pile number. When there is an unfixed scale due to the limitation of the design drawing, there are a lot of conversion processes, which consumes a lot of manpower and time costs, greatly reducing the effectiveness of the on-site construction geological forecast.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to propose a method, device and storage medium for predicting the geological structure in front of the tunnel face to solve or at least alleviate the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, device and storage medium for predicting geological structure ahead of a tunnel face, so as to solve the technical problems of low efficiency and low accuracy in geological structure prediction in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for predicting geological structure ahead of a tunnel face, comprising the following steps: S1, obtaining a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cave excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model; S2, obtaining the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of the pre-built cavern BIM model; S3, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and constructing equations for each surface; S4, obtaining the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extracting the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtaining the fitting plane equation of each geological element object according to the point parameter coordinates; S5, performing spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation to solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; S6, traversing all the fitted plane equations to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the fitting plane and the cave BIM model, thereby obtaining the expressions of all geological element objects and spatial intersection lines intersecting with the cave BIM model and their corresponding starting point parameters; S7, obtaining the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, searching for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the pile number segment range of the cavern, and using them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

[0007] Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, obtaining a three-dimensional spatial coordinate data set of characteristic points measured by a total station; wherein, during the underground cavern excavation and blasting operation, at least three characteristic points are drawn on the blasting excavation surface with paint; S12, acquiring image data of the blasting excavation surface of the underground cavern, and obtaining a preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface according to the image data of the underground cavern; S13, registering the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model according to the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model.

[0008] Preferably, the step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21, obtaining a CAD plan view, a CAD cross-sectional view and a CAD longitudinal cross-sectional view of the underground cavern, and obtaining the plane coordinates of the cavern axis of the underground cavern in the horizontal XOY coordinate system and its corresponding pile number from the CAD plan view, and obtaining the elevation value of the cavern axis in elevation and its corresponding pile number from the CAD cross-sectional view; S22, interpolating the plane coordinates and the elevation values ​​to obtain the three-dimensional space coordinate values ​​of all the pile numbers on the cavern axis, and using the three-dimensional space coordinate values ​​of all the pile numbers as the cavern axis parameters; S23, then obtaining the chamber section parameters from the CAD longitudinal section.

[0009] Preferably, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, decomposing the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters into continuous straight line segments and curve segments according to the characteristics; wherein the straight line segment is composed of the coordinates of the first and last points, and the curve segment is composed of the coordinates of the center of the circle, the radius, and the starting arc; S32, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters; wherein a rectangular plane is formed by the straight line segment of the cavern axis and the straight line segment of the cavern section, a cylindrical surface is formed by the straight line segment of the cavern axis and the curved line segment of the cavern section, a cylindrical surface is formed by the curved line segment of the cavern axis and the straight line segment of the cavern section, and a circular surface is formed by the curved line segment of the cavern axis and the curved line segment of the cavern section; S33, constructing various surface equations and spatial range thresholds.

[0010] Preferably, the step S13 specifically includes the following steps: S131, obtaining a preliminary coordinate data set of the feature points in the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model, and performing matrix calculation on the preliminary coordinate data set and the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a rotation matrix of the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model; S132, performing registration calculation on the rotation matrix and the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model in a geographic coordinate system; S133, loading the registered real-scene three-dimensional model, and completing the drawing of the geological feature object by picking up a set of points where the geological feature object is located on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model.

[0011] Preferably, the step S7 further includes the following steps: S81, obtaining cavern BIM model parameters and tunnel face parameters, and generating a surface point cloud model of a cavern section to be blasted in front of the tunnel face of the underground cavern according to the cavern BIM model parameters and the tunnel face parameters, and representing it with a discrete white point cloud model; S82, if the geological structural elements to be predicted have faults, calculate and record the intersection number of the fault and the cave axis, and represent the fault with a red discrete point cloud; S83, traverse all the expressions of the spatial intersection lines and their corresponding starting point parameters, and project them onto the cavern axis, so as to obtain the intersection range of each geological element object and the axis of the cavern BIM model; then perform spatial Boolean operation on each fitting plane equation and the cavern axis to obtain the pile number where each geological element object intersects with the cavern axis; S84, obtaining the occurrence information of the corresponding geological element object according to the plane equation; wherein the occurrence information includes the strike, dip and inclination of the geological element object.

[0012] Preferably, the step S133 further includes the step of dividing the geological element objects into different geological element object types according to their characteristics, and storing them in a geological database.

[0013] Preferably, the geological element object types include one or more of faults, joints, fissures, and joint-dense zones.

[0014] The present invention also provides a geological structure prediction device in front of the tunnel face, comprising: A registration model acquisition unit is used to acquire a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cave excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and to draw geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model; A cavern parameter acquisition unit, used to acquire cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of a pre-built cavern BIM model; A surface equation construction unit is used to split the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and to construct respective surface equations; A fitting plane equation determination unit is used to obtain the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extract the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtain the fitting plane equations of all the geological element objects according to the point parameter coordinates; The intersection element determination unit is used to perform spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation, and solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; all the fitted plane equations are traversed to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equation of the cave BIM model, so as to obtain all the geological element objects intersecting with the cave BIM model, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters; The forecast element determination unit is used to obtain the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, search for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and use them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

[0015] The present invention also provides a storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for predicting geological structure in front of a tunnel face are implemented.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method, device and storage medium for predicting geological structures in front of a tunnel face. By drawing the geological element objects obtained on the real-scene three-dimensional model after registration, the geological element objects have real geographic coordinates and high-precision occurrence information, and the structural distribution of the tunnel face of the cavern can be obtained quickly and accurately. Compared with traditional measurement methods, it has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision and three-dimensional visualization. Secondly, the present invention obtains the range of the tunnel pile number segment to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, searches for all geological element objects that intersect with the underground cavern within the range of the tunnel pile number segment, and uses them as the geological structure element set to be predicted, combines the geological element objects generated with excavation and blasting and the geological information obtained in the survey stage to predict the geological structure, realizes the dynamic prediction of the geological structure in front of the tunnel face, and improves the timeliness of geological prediction by at least 2 to 3 times, providing favorable data support for the safe construction of the cavern in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a real-scene three-dimensional model after registration in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the results of geological cataloging on a tunnel face aligned with a real-scene three-dimensional model in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the spatial position of the drawn fitting plane of the confrontation element object and its name identification in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of geological prediction ahead of the tunnel face based on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a trend rose diagram of a set of geological structural elements to be predicted in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0023] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 The present invention provides a method for predicting geological structure in front of a tunnel face, comprising the following steps: S1, obtaining a registered real-life three-dimensional model of the underground cave excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological element objects on the registered real-life three-dimensional model; preferably, the geological element object types include one or more of faults, joints, fissures, and joint-dense zones.

[0025] S2, obtaining the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of the pre-built cavern BIM model; S3, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and constructing equations for each surface; S4, obtaining the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extracting the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtaining the fitting plane equation of each geological element object according to the point parameter coordinates; Specifically, the point parameter coordinates and names of the geological feature objects can be used to obtain the fitting plane equations of all geological feature objects based on the least squares method; for example, the plane equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 is obtained by the least squares method; wherein A, B, and C are not 0 at the same time; A, B, and C are the coordinate components of the plane normal vector, A is the component of the normal vector on the x-axis, B is the component of the normal vector on the y-axis, C is the component of the normal vector on the z-axis, and D is the constant term in the plane equation.

[0026] Furthermore, if the cataloged joints, faults, etc. of this underground cavern, as well as the faults and other geological element objects obtained from drilling in the early geological survey stage can be obtained from the database, these geological element objects can be incorporated into the geological element objects drawn as mentioned above, thereby increasing the effective number of geological element objects.

[0027] S5, perform spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation, solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation, and if there is a solution, record the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters; by performing spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation, it can be determined whether the geological element object intersects with a certain surface of the cavern BIM model. If the geological element object intersects with a certain surface of the cavern BIM model, then record the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters. The spatial intersection line parameters describe the position, direction and shape of the intersection line in space, and are the key to determining the spatial relationship between the geological element object and the underground cavern.

[0028] S6, traversing all the fitted plane equations to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the fitting plane and the cave BIM model, thereby obtaining the expressions of all geological element objects and spatial intersection lines intersecting with the cave BIM model and their corresponding starting point parameters; By traversing all the fitted plane equations (each equation represents a drawn geological element object, such as faults, joints, fissures, etc.) and performing spatial Boolean operations on them and the surface equations of the cavern BIM model, it is possible to systematically check whether each geological element object intersects with the cavern model, thereby obtaining all the geological element objects intersecting with the cavern BIM model, the expressions of the spatial intersection lines and their corresponding starting point parameters.

[0029] S7, obtaining the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, searching for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the pile number segment range of the cavern, and using them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

[0030] The geological element objects drawn by this application on the real-life three-dimensional model after registration have real geographic coordinates and high-precision occurrence information, which can quickly and accurately obtain the structural distribution of the cavern face. Compared with traditional measurement methods, it has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision and three-dimensional visualization. Secondly, this application combines the geological element objects generated by excavation and blasting with the geological information obtained during the survey phase to predict the geological structure, realizing the dynamic prediction of the geological structure in front of the cavern face. The timeliness of the geological prediction is improved by at least 2 to 3 times, providing favorable data support for the safe construction of the cavern in real time.

[0031] As a preferred implementation, step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, obtaining a three-dimensional spatial coordinate data set of characteristic points measured by a total station; wherein, during the underground cavern excavation and blasting operation, at least three characteristic points are drawn on the blasting excavation surface with paint; S12, acquiring image data of the blasting excavation surface of the underground cavern, and obtaining a preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface according to the image data of the underground cavern; S13, registering the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model according to the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model.

[0032] Specifically, for the blasting excavation surface of the underground cavern, the image data can be collected using a mobile phone / camera. Based on the axis of the underground cavern, stand on the axis to complete the image collection of the current blasting excavation surface from the left wall to the right wall, and ensure that the overlap rate of the two images before and after reaches 60%. Then move along the axis to the next shooting point, and ensure that the images of the two shooting points before and after on the same horizontal line overlap in the horizontal direction by 60%. For high slope excavation surfaces, drones can be used to complete image data collection. The drone can be started from the upper left of the slope excavation surface, first flying horizontally along the horizontal line to take pictures, and ensuring that the overlap rate of two adjacent horizontal photos reaches 60%. When it reaches the rightmost side, it moves vertically downward one layer, and ensures that the image overlap rate of two adjacent vertical photos when taking pictures facing the wall after the movement reaches 60%. This cycle forms an S-shaped shooting process; It should be noted that during the image data collection process, it is necessary to ensure that the focal length of the mobile phone, camera or drone does not change, and the distance to the wall is not much different, so as to improve the success rate of modeling.

[0033] As a specific example, the collected image data can be constructed into a preliminary real-scene 3D model based on the SFM algorithm. For example, the software Bentley Context Capture is used to obtain a model with pixel-level accuracy. That is, when the actual distance represented by one pixel in the above-mentioned captured image is 1 cm, the generated model has a centimeter-level accuracy. In addition, a laser scanner equipped with a camera can also be used to collect data on the blasting excavation surface and generate a real-life 3D model. First, multiple stations are set up for laser scanner data collection according to the on-site excavation surface conditions. Based on the SLAM algorithm, the point cloud data collected at each station can be spliced ​​to generate a 3D point cloud model, and then the 3D point cloud model is converted into a triangulated network model. At the same time, the corresponding image photos are attached to the corresponding triangular facets to obtain a real-life 3D model with texture.

[0034] As a preferred implementation, step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21, obtaining a CAD plan view, a CAD cross-sectional view and a CAD longitudinal cross-sectional view of the underground cavern, and obtaining the plane coordinates of the cavern axis of the underground cavern in the horizontal XOY coordinate system and its corresponding pile number from the CAD plan view, and obtaining the elevation value of the cavern axis in elevation and its corresponding pile number from the CAD cross-sectional view; S22, interpolating the plane coordinates and the elevation values ​​to obtain the three-dimensional space coordinate values ​​of all the pile numbers on the cavern axis, and using the three-dimensional space coordinate values ​​of all the pile numbers as the cavern axis parameters; S23, then obtaining the chamber section parameters from the CAD longitudinal section.

[0035] Specifically, from the CAD plan view, the plane coordinates (such as X, Y coordinates) of the cave axis in the horizontal XOY coordinate system and the stake numbers corresponding to these coordinates are identified and extracted. From the CAD cross-section view, the values ​​of the cave axis at different elevations (Z coordinates) and the stake numbers corresponding to these elevation values ​​are extracted. For each stake number, the plane coordinates are combined with the corresponding elevation value to form a three-dimensional space coordinate.

[0036] If some pile numbers do not have corresponding elevation or plane coordinates directly given in the plan or section diagram, the three-dimensional space coordinates of these pile numbers can be calculated by interpolation methods (such as linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc.); The cavern section parameters are obtained from the CAD longitudinal section. For example, the cavern section can be split into a number of straight line segments and / or curved line segments according to the features, thereby obtaining the coordinates of the first and last points of the straight line segment, the center coordinates of the curved line segment, the radius and starting arc and other parameters.

[0037] In this embodiment, by extracting the geometric parameters of the cavern axis and cross section from the CAD drawings, the accuracy and precision of the information are ensured, and the automated extraction and interpolation calculation process greatly improves the efficiency of data processing and reduces the time and workload of manual intervention. In addition, since many underground caverns do not have three-dimensional BIM models during construction, but only CAD construction drawings, this embodiment provides a BIM model reconstruction method based on CAD drawings, which enhances the practicality in actual engineering.

[0038] As a preferred implementation, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, decomposing the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters into continuous straight line segments and curve segments according to the characteristics; wherein the straight line segment is composed of the coordinates of the first and last points, and the curve segment is composed of the coordinates of the center of the circle, the radius, and the starting arc; S32, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters; wherein a rectangular plane is formed by the straight line segment of the cavern axis and the straight line segment of the cavern section, a cylindrical surface is formed by the straight line segment of the cavern axis and the curved line segment of the cavern section, a cylindrical surface is formed by the curved line segment of the cavern axis and the straight line segment of the cavern section, and a circular surface is formed by the curved line segment of the cavern axis and the curved line segment of the cavern section; S33, constructing each surface equation and a spatial range threshold. The spatial range threshold is used to define the boundaries of each surface.

[0039] Specifically, the cavern axis parameters are decomposed into continuous straight segments and curve segments according to their geometric characteristics. The straight segment consists of the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the first and last points, indicating the starting and ending points of the straight part of the cavern axis. The curve segment consists of the coordinates of the center of the circle, the radius, and the starting arc, indicating the geometric characteristics of the arc or curve part of the cavern axis. Similarly, the cavern section parameters are processed similarly and decomposed into straight segments (such as the sides of a rectangular section) and curve segments (such as the arc of a circular section).

[0040] Construct mathematical equations for each surface to describe its geometric shape and location. For example, a rectangular plane can be represented by the coordinate equations of its four vertices, and cylindrical and torus surfaces can be represented by equations of their axis, radius, and arc. Determine the spatial range threshold of each surface to clarify its boundaries. The spatial range threshold can be the minimum and maximum coordinate values ​​of the surface, or a parameter range that defines the shape and location of the surface.

[0041] This embodiment realizes the refined modeling of the cavern structure by splitting the cavern BIM model into a set of multiple surfaces and constructing a mathematical equation and a spatial range threshold for each surface. This modeling method can more accurately describe the geometric characteristics and spatial relationships of the cavern.

[0042] As a preferred implementation, the step S13 specifically includes the following steps: S131, obtaining a preliminary coordinate data set of the feature points in the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model, and performing matrix calculation on the preliminary coordinate data set and the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a rotation matrix of the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model; by performing matrix calculation on the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model and the three-dimensional space coordinate data set, a more accurate rotation matrix can be obtained, thereby ensuring the alignment accuracy of the model with the geographic coordinate system, and the real-scene three-dimensional model after registration can more realistically reflect the actual position and shape of the underground cavern.

[0043] S132, performing registration calculation on the rotation matrix and the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model in a geographic coordinate system; there are mature solutions for registering the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model according to the rotation matrix, which will not be elaborated here.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the length of the current 3D reconstructed underground cavern model (aligned with the real-scene 3D model) is 25 meters, the pile number range is K0+502~K0+527, and the pile number position of the tunnel face is K0+502.

[0045] S133, loading the registered real-scene 3D model, and completing the drawing of the geological element object by picking up a set of points where the geological element object is located on the registered real-scene 3D model. For example, by picking up multiple points on the registered real-scene 3D model, connecting the multiple points into lines in sequence, thereby completing the drawing of the geological element object expressed by the geological line element, or by connecting the multiple points into a polygonal surface in sequence, thereby completing the drawing of the geological element object expressed by the geological surface element.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the geological logging results on the tunnel face of the registered real-life 3D model. The figure shows the visualization effect of the completed logging results on the registered real-life 3D model from the front of the tunnel face. The red line on the model is the logged geological structure. The element logged in the upper right corner of the tunnel face in the figure is a small fault, and the other logged elements are joints.

[0047] As another preferred embodiment, the step S7 further includes the following steps: S81, obtaining cavern BIM model parameters and tunnel face parameters, and generating a surface point cloud model of a cavern section to be blasted in front of the tunnel face of the underground cavern according to the cavern BIM model parameters and the tunnel face parameters, and representing it with a discrete white point cloud model; like Figure 4As shown in the figure, a spatial schematic diagram of the fitting plane and name identification of the small fault structure f20 is marked. The structure fitting plane is represented by a sparse point cloud, and the structure name is identified by dense point cloud text, and the two are located in the same plane space, so that when geologists rotate and browse the model, they can distinguish multiple structural information to be predicted according to the adjacent positions in space and the planes they are located on.

[0048] By generating a surface point cloud model of the section of the underground cavern that is about to be blasted in front of the tunnel face, the distribution of geological structures in front of the tunnel face can be viewed more clearly. This three-dimensional visualization method is more intuitive than traditional two-dimensional drawings or text descriptions, and helps technicians in the field to more accurately understand the spatial location and morphology of geological structures.

[0049] S82, if the geological structural elements to be predicted have faults, calculate and record the intersection number of the fault and the cave axis, and represent the fault with a red discrete point cloud; Specifically, if the geological structural elements that may be revealed have faults, the intersection stake numbers of the faults and the cave axis are calculated and recorded, the geological structures that may be revealed are represented by red discrete point clouds, and the structure names are visualized in the form of discrete point clouds at adjacent positions on the geological structural surface.

[0050] S83, traverse all the expressions of the spatial intersection lines and their corresponding starting point parameters, and project them onto the cavern axis, so as to obtain the intersection range of each geological element object and the axis of the cavern BIM model; then perform spatial Boolean operation on each fitting plane equation and the cavern axis to obtain the pile number where each geological element object intersects with the cavern axis; like Figure 5 As shown, the cavern BIM model and intersecting geological element objects in front of the tunnel face are visualized with discrete point clouds. The white point cloud represents the surface of the cavern BIM model, which makes it convenient for operators to see the geological structure inside the cavern excavation through the cavern BIM surface model. The red point cloud represents the fitting plane where the geological element object is located, indicating that it intersects with the cavern BIM model space after passing through the tunnel face. From the perspective of the figure, it can be seen that the fault in the upper right corner of the tunnel face extends along the fitting plane and intersects with the cavern axis at the first pile number, and it can be clearly seen that the fault intersects with the second pile number at the top of the right wall of the cavern BIM model and extends to the third pile number of the left wall top arch, which can provide a reference for the blasting excavation in front of the tunnel face.

[0051] S84, obtaining the occurrence information of the corresponding geological element object according to the plane equation; wherein the occurrence information includes the strike, dip and inclination of the geological element object.

[0052] There are mature technical means to obtain the strike, dip and inclination according to the above-mentioned fitting plane equation expression, which will not be elaborated here.

[0053] After obtaining the strike, dip, inclination, intersection range of each geological element object with the axis of the cavern BIM model, and the pile number where each geological element object intersects with the cavern axis, operators can directly read the specific parameter information that may reveal the geological structure.

[0054] Furthermore, a strike rose diagram can be drawn based on the strike parameters of all geological structures, and the dominant joint group can be obtained in combination with the strike of the cave axis.

[0055] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the results of geological logging are statistically analyzed to obtain a trend rose diagram. The rays radiating outward from the center of the circle represent the geological structures to be predicted in the trend interval, and the length of the rays represents the number of structures that fall into the structure, such as Figure 6 As shown, the direction of the cave axis is 3 degrees, and the direction of the dominant joint group is 340° to 360°, intersecting with the direction of the cave axis at a small angle. By analyzing the spatial combination of the dominant joint group and the excavated cave, predicted faults and other structures, it can provide a basis for block stability analysis and remind of possible safety hazards during construction.

[0056] Preferably, the step S133 further includes the step of dividing the geological element objects into different geological element object types according to their characteristics, and storing them in a geological database.

[0057] The present invention also provides a geological structure prediction device in front of the tunnel face, comprising: A registration model acquisition unit is used to acquire a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cave excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and to draw geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model; A cavern parameter acquisition unit, used to acquire cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of a pre-built cavern BIM model; A surface equation construction unit is used to split the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and to construct respective surface equations; A fitting plane equation determination unit is used to obtain the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extract the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtain the fitting plane equations of all the geological element objects according to the point parameter coordinates; The intersection element determination unit is used to perform spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation, and solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; all the fitted plane equations are traversed to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equation of the cave BIM model, so as to obtain all the geological element objects intersecting with the cave BIM model, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters; The forecast element determination unit is used to obtain the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, search for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and use them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

[0058] The present invention also provides a storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for predicting geological structures in front of a tunnel face are implemented. It can be understood that when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method for predicting geological structures in front of a tunnel face is implemented, so all embodiments of the method are applicable to the storage medium, and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects.

[0059] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting geological structure in front of a tunnel face, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, obtaining a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cave excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model; S2, obtaining the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of the pre-built cavern BIM model; S3, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and constructing equations for each surface; S4, acquiring the geological element object of the underground cave, extracting the point parameter coordinates of the geological element object, and obtaining the fitting plane equation of each geological element object according to the point parameter coordinates; S5, performing spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation to solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; S6, traversing all the fitted plane equations to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the fitting plane and the cave BIM model, thereby obtaining the expressions of all geological element objects and spatial intersection lines intersecting with the cave BIM model and their corresponding starting point parameters; S7, obtaining the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, searching for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the pile number segment range of the cavern, and using them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

2. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, obtaining a three-dimensional spatial coordinate data set of characteristic points measured by a total station; wherein, during the underground cavern excavation and blasting operation, at least three characteristic points are drawn on the blasting excavation surface with paint; S12, acquiring image data of the blasting excavation surface of the underground cavern, and obtaining a preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cavern excavation surface according to the image data of the underground cavern; S13, registering the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model according to the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model in a geographic coordinate system, and drawing geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model.

3. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21, obtaining a CAD plan view, a CAD cross-sectional view and a CAD longitudinal cross-sectional view of the underground cavern, and obtaining the plane coordinates of the cavern axis of the underground cavern in the horizontal XOY coordinate system and its corresponding pile number from the CAD plan view, and obtaining the elevation value of the cavern axis in elevation and its corresponding pile number from the CAD cross-sectional view; S22, interpolating the plane coordinates and the elevation values ​​to obtain the three-dimensional space coordinate values ​​of all the pile numbers on the cavern axis, and using the three-dimensional space coordinate values ​​of all the pile numbers as the cavern axis parameters; S23, then obtaining the chamber section parameters from the CAD longitudinal section.

4. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: S31, decomposing the cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters into continuous straight line segments and curve segments according to the characteristics; wherein the straight line segment is composed of the coordinates of the first and last points, and the curve segment is composed of the coordinates of the center of the circle, the radius, and the starting arc; S32, splitting the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of a plurality of surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters; wherein a rectangular plane is formed by the straight line segment of the cavern axis and the straight line segment of the cavern section, a cylindrical surface is formed by the straight line segment of the cavern axis and the curved line segment of the cavern section, a cylindrical surface is formed by the curved line segment of the cavern axis and the straight line segment of the cavern section, and a circular surface is formed by the curved line segment of the cavern axis and the curved line segment of the cavern section; S33, constructing various surface equations and spatial range thresholds.

5. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S13 specifically includes the following steps: S131, obtaining a preliminary coordinate data set of the feature points in the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model, and performing matrix calculation on the preliminary coordinate data set and the three-dimensional space coordinate data set to obtain a rotation matrix of the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model; S132, performing registration calculation on the rotation matrix and the preliminary real-scene three-dimensional model to obtain a registered real-scene three-dimensional model in a geographic coordinate system; S133, loading the registered real-scene three-dimensional model, and completing the drawing of the geological feature object by picking up a set of points where the geological feature object is located on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model.

6. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S7 further includes the following steps: S81, obtaining cavern BIM model parameters and tunnel face parameters, and generating a surface point cloud model of a cavern section to be blasted in front of the tunnel face of the underground cavern according to the cavern BIM model parameters and the tunnel face parameters, and representing it with a discrete white point cloud model; S82, if the geological structural elements to be predicted have faults, calculate and record the intersection number of the fault and the cave axis, and represent the fault with a red discrete point cloud; S83, traverse all the expressions of the spatial intersection lines and their corresponding starting point parameters, and project them onto the cavern axis, so as to obtain the intersection range of each geological element object and the axis of the cavern BIM model; then perform spatial Boolean operation on each fitting plane equation and the cavern axis to obtain the pile number where each geological element object intersects with the cavern axis; S84, obtaining the occurrence information of the corresponding geological element object according to the plane equation; wherein the occurrence information includes the strike, dip and inclination of the geological element object.

7. The method for predicting geological structure in front of the tunnel face according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S133 also includes the step of dividing the geological element objects into different geological element object types according to their characteristics, and storing them in a geological database.

8. The method for predicting geological structure ahead of the tunnel face according to claim 7, characterized in that: The geological element object types include one or more of faults, joints, fissures, and joint-dense zones.

9. A geological structure prediction device in front of the tunnel face, characterized in that: include: A registration model acquisition unit is used to acquire a registered real-scene three-dimensional model of the underground cave excavation surface in a geographic coordinate system, and to draw geological element objects on the registered real-scene three-dimensional model; A cavern parameter acquisition unit, used to acquire cavern axis parameters and cavern section parameters of a pre-built cavern BIM model; A surface equation construction unit is used to split the cavern BIM model into a set consisting of multiple surfaces according to different segments of the cavern axis parameters and the cavern section parameters, and to construct respective surface equations; A fitting plane equation determination unit is used to obtain the geological element objects of the underground cavern, extract the point parameter coordinates of the geological element objects, and obtain the fitting plane equations of all the geological element objects according to the point parameter coordinates; The intersection element determination unit is used to perform spatial Boolean operations on the fitted plane equation and each surface equation, and solve the spatial intersection line parameters between the fitted plane equation and the surface equation. If a solution exists, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters are recorded; all the fitted plane equations are traversed to obtain the spatial Boolean operation results of the surface equations of the cave BIM model, so as to obtain all the geological element objects intersecting with the cave BIM model, the expression of the spatial intersection line and its corresponding starting point parameters; The forecast element determination unit is used to obtain the pile number segment range of the cavern to be blasted in front of the tunnel face according to the pile number of the tunnel face, search for all geological element objects intersecting with the underground cavern within the cavern pile number segment range, and use them as the geological structure element set to be predicted.

10. A storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for predicting geological structure in front of the tunnel face as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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