Double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna, relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and is used for solving the problems that a scheme in the prior art can only realize beam forming on one side of a plane, beam coverage in a larger range is difficult to obtain, and large-scale communication data transmission is not facilitated. Comprising a first transmission array, a second transmission array and a feed source antenna array, each of the first transmission array and the second transmission array comprises a transmission unit with phase compensation capability; the feed source antenna array comprises a feed source antenna unit, and the feed source antenna array is integrated with the second transmission array. The array antenna combination with the bidirectional transmission function is adopted, the feed source antenna array is used for excitation, the double-face beam scanning function of the transmission array antenna is achieved, the beam scanning range is expanded, the performance of the antenna array is improved, and large-scale communication data transmission is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna. Background Art

[0002] In modern 5G wireless communication systems, array antennas have been widely used in satellite communications, deep space exploration, radar systems and other occasions due to their high gain and beam scanning capabilities. In recent years, electromagnetic metasurfaces have been widely studied and applied because they can effectively control the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves such as polarization, amplitude and phase. Electromagnetic metasurfaces are a series of two-dimensional structures with special functions composed of electromagnetic metasurface units with sub-wavelength thickness. Compared with three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterials, electromagnetic metasurfaces have the advantages of high integration, light weight, low loss, and reduced process difficulty. According to the Huygens principle, electromagnetic metasurfaces can be used as secondary wave sources to radiate electromagnetic waves, so that electromagnetic metasurfaces can be applied to the research and development of two-dimensional plane lenses.

[0003] In the prior art, both planar reflective arrays and planar transmissive arrays can only achieve beamforming on one side of the plane, making it difficult to obtain beam coverage over a larger range, which is not conducive to large-scale communication data transmission.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a more reliable double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna to solve the problem that the solutions in the prior art can only achieve beam shaping on one side of the plane, it is difficult to obtain beam coverage in a larger range, and it is not conducive to large-scale communication data transmission.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna, comprising at least:

[0008] A first transmission array, a second transmission array and a feed antenna array;

[0009] The first transmission array and the second transmission array both include transmission units with phase compensation capability; the feed antenna array includes a feed antenna unit, and the feed antenna array is integrated with the second transmission array.

[0010] Optionally, the transmission unit of the first transmission array includes a first dielectric plate, a first polarization grid, a second dielectric plate, a second polarization grid and a phase adjustment unit;

[0011] The first polarization grid is located on the first dielectric plate, the second polarization grid is located below the second dielectric plate, and the phase adjustment unit is located between the first polarization grid and the second polarization grid;

[0012] The transmission unit transmits electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is perpendicular to the first polarization grid and incident from the upper side, reflects electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is parallel to the first polarization grid and incident from the upper side, transmits electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is perpendicular to the second polarization grid and incident from the lower side, and reflects electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is parallel to the second polarization grid and incident from the lower side;

[0013] The phase adjustment unit in the transmission unit is used to adjust the phase of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.

[0014] Optionally, the feed antenna unit includes a third dielectric plate, a fourth dielectric plate, a metal floor, a central radiation patch, a ring-shaped artificial magnetic conductor structure, a first feeding probe and a second feeding probe;

[0015] The metal floor is located between the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate, the central radiation patch is located above the third dielectric plate, and the annular artificial magnetic conductor structure and the central radiation patch are located on the same layer; a through hole is provided on the metal floor; the through hole is used for the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe to pass through.

[0016] Optionally, the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe contact their respective central radiation patches for excitation feeding, and the working electric fields excited by the two feeding probes are in orthogonal directions;

[0017] The surface waves excited by the central radiation patch drive the annular artificial magnetic conductor structure to radiate. The annular artificial magnetic conductor is an outer ring of square patch units and is located at the center of the double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna.

[0018] Optionally, the ports of the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe of the feed antenna unit located at the center of the second transmission array are excited simultaneously to generate pencil beams perpendicular to the first transmission array and the second transmission array respectively, and the polarized electric fields generated by the two feeding probes are electromagnetic waves in a horizontal direction that pass through the first transmission array, and the polarized electric fields generated by the two feeding probes are electromagnetic waves in a vertical direction that pass through the second transmission array.

[0019] Optionally, ports of the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe of the feed antenna unit located at a non-central position of the second transmission array are excited simultaneously to generate pencil beams inclined to the normals of the first transmission array surface and the second transmission array surface, respectively; and feed antenna units at different positions are excited to generate beams of different angles.

[0020] Optionally, the second transmission array includes two groups of transmission units distributed on both sides of the feed antenna array.

[0021] Optionally, microstrip feed lines at the bottom of the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe in the feed antenna array are led out to both sides of the feed antenna array to control the excitation signal so as to control the on and off of the excitation;

[0022] When the first feeding probe excites the feed antenna array, an electromagnetic wave having a polarized electric field perpendicular to the second polarization grid is generated, and the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the first transmission array;

[0023] When the second feeding probe excites the feed antenna array, an electromagnetic wave with a polarized electric field perpendicular to the first polarization grid is generated, which is transmitted from the second transmission array.

[0024] Optionally, the feed line of the feed antenna array is led out to both sides of the feed antenna array and is controlled by an external interface.

[0025] Optionally, centers of the first transmission array, the second transmission array and the feed antenna array are located at the same vertical position.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna, which at least includes: a first transmission array, a second transmission array and a feed antenna array; the first transmission array and the second transmission array both include a transmission unit with phase compensation capability; the feed antenna array includes a feed antenna unit, and the feed antenna array is integrated with the second transmission array. By using an array antenna combination with a bidirectional transmission function and using the feed antenna array for excitation, the dual-sided beam scanning function of the transmission array antenna is realized, the range of beam scanning is expanded, the performance of the antenna array is improved, and large-scale communication data transmission is facilitated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the first layer of the transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second-layer planar structure of the transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the third layer of the transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of a feeding antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a feeding antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the top structure of a first transmission array provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a first transmission array provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a first transmission array provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the top structure of a second transmission array and a feed antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the second transmission array and feed antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a second transmission array and a feed antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of phase compensation for a transmission array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the vertical transmission of a double-sided beam of a transmission array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the dual-beam tilted transmission of a transmission array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Reference numerals:

[0044] 1-first dielectric plate, 2-first polarization grid, 3-diagonal arrow, 4-second dielectric plate, 5-second polarization grid, 6-central radiation patch, 7-annular artificial magnetic conductor structure, 8-third dielectric plate, 9-metal floor, 10-first feeding probe, 11-second feeding probe, 12-fourth dielectric plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and effects. For example, the first threshold and the second threshold are only used to distinguish different thresholds, and their order is not limited. Those skilled in the art can understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit them to be different.

[0046] It should be noted that, in the present invention, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0047] In the present invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, the combination of a and b, the combination of a and c, the combination of b and c, or the combination of a, b and c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0048] With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, wireless communication systems have increasingly higher performance requirements for high-gain antennas. In order to meet the beam scanning requirements of high-gain antennas, researchers at home and abroad have done a lot of work. However, at this stage, the development of high-gain antennas still faces many problems that need to be urgently solved. Traditional high-gain antennas include active phased array antennas, parabolic antennas, and lens antennas. Active phased array antennas require the use of complex feeding networks to achieve beamforming, which increases the cost and power consumption of the system; parabolic antennas are relatively bulky and must rotate the direction of the parabola to achieve beam scanning; traditional cylindrical or spherical lens antennas such as Luneburg lens antennas have more complex manufacturing processes and are more expensive.

[0049] Passive planar array antennas that have appeared in recent years, such as planar reflective array antennas and planar transmission array antennas, have developed rapidly. By designing a planar phase compensation unit to compensate the phase of the wavefront passing through the planar array, a plane wavefront with a uniform phase is formed to achieve high gain characteristics. However, both the planar reflective array and the planar transmission array can only achieve beamforming on one side of the plane, making it difficult to obtain a larger range of beam coverage, which is not conducive to large-scale communication data transmission.

[0050] In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna. Next, combined with Figure 1-Figure 15 The solution provided in the embodiments of this specification is described as follows:

[0051] A double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna provided by the present invention may at least include: a first transmission array, a second transmission array and a feed antenna array;

[0052] The first transmission array and the second transmission array both include transmission units with phase compensation capability; the feed antenna array includes a feed antenna unit, and the feed antenna array is integrated with the second transmission array.

[0053] Next, the transmission array and the feed antenna array are described in detail:

[0054] For the transmission arrays, the first transmission array is an upper transmission array, and the second transmission array is a lower transmission array.

[0055] As an optional implementation, the first transmission array may be composed of m1×n1 transmission units. The surface of the first transmission array is arranged with transmission units having a certain phase compensation capability, so that the transmission array can convert electromagnetic waves with spherical wavefronts into electromagnetic waves with plane wavefronts, forming a high-gain pencil beam.

[0056] The second transmission array may be composed of two groups of m2×n2 transmission units, which are distributed on both sides of the m3×n3 feed antenna array. The second transmission array surface is arranged with transmission units having a certain phase compensation capability, which converts electromagnetic waves with spherical wavefronts into electromagnetic waves with plane wavefronts, forming a high-gain pencil beam.

[0057] The transmission unit of the first transmission array may include a first dielectric plate 1, a first polarization grid 2, a second dielectric plate 4, a second polarization grid 5 and a phase adjustment unit;

[0058] The first polarization grid 2 is located on the first dielectric plate 1, the second polarization grid 5 is located below the second dielectric plate 4, and the phase adjustment unit is located between the first polarization grid 2 and the second polarization grid 5;

[0059] The transmission unit transmits electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is perpendicular to the first polarization grid 2 incident from the upper side, reflects electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is parallel to the first polarization grid 2 incident from the upper side, transmits electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is perpendicular to the second polarization grid 5 incident from the lower side, and reflects electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is parallel to the second polarization grid 5 incident from the lower side;

[0060] The phase adjustment unit in the transmission unit is used to adjust the phase of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.

[0061] In the above structure, the transmission unit in the transmission array can transmit electromagnetic waves with a polarization electric field incident on the upper side perpendicular to the first polarization grid 2, reflect electromagnetic waves with a polarization electric field incident on the upper side parallel to the first polarization grid 2, transmit electromagnetic waves with a polarization electric field incident on the lower side perpendicular to the second polarization grid 5, and reflect electromagnetic waves with a polarization electric field incident on the lower side parallel to the second polarization grid 5.

[0062] More specifically, the structure of the transmission unit of the transmission array can be described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0063] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first-layer planar structure of a double-sided beam scanning transmission array unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the first layer structure of the transmission unit includes a first dielectric plate 1 and a first polarization grid 2.

[0064] The first dielectric plate 1 may be a high frequency dielectric plate, and a first polarization grid 2 is disposed above the first dielectric plate 1. The first polarization grid 2 may be in a horizontal direction and is composed of four metal strips arranged horizontally at equal intervals.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second-layer planar structure of the transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the second layer structure of the transmission unit includes a diagonal arrow 3 and a second dielectric plate 4.

[0066] The diagonal arrow 3 is used as a phase adjustment unit, and its structural parameters determine the electromagnetic wave transmission phase of the transmission unit. The second dielectric plate 4 is a high-frequency dielectric plate, and a metal diagonal arrow 3 structure is provided above the second dielectric plate 4 .

[0067] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third-layer planar structure of the transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the third layer structure of the transmission unit includes a second dielectric plate 4 and a second polarization grid 5.

[0068] A second polarization grid 5 is provided below the second dielectric plate 4. The second polarization grid 5 may be in a vertical direction and is composed of four metal strips arranged vertically at equal intervals.

[0069] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the transmission unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the cross-sectional structure of the transmission unit may include a first dielectric plate 1 , a first polarization grid 2 , a metal diagonal arrow 3 , a second dielectric plate 4 and a second polarization grid 5 .

[0070] Among them, the angle between the first polarization grid 2 and the diagonal metal strip in the diagonal arrow 3 is 45°, the angle between the first polarization grid 2 and the second polarization grid 5 is 90°, and the angle between the diagonal metal strip in the diagonal arrow 3 and the second polarization grid 5 is 45°.

[0071] The transmission unit can transmit the electromagnetic wave incident from above with a polarization electric field perpendicular to the first polarization grid 2 into an electromagnetic wave with a polarization electric field perpendicular to the second polarization grid 5. The transmission unit can also reflect the electromagnetic wave incident from above with a polarization electric field parallel to the first polarization grid 2 into an electromagnetic wave with a polarization electric field parallel to the first polarization grid 2.

[0072] Further, the transmission unit can transmit the electromagnetic wave with the polarization electric field perpendicular to the second polarization grid 5 incident from below into the electromagnetic wave with the polarization electric field perpendicular to the first polarization grid 2. The transmission unit can also reflect the electromagnetic wave with the polarization electric field parallel to the second polarization grid 5 incident from below into the electromagnetic wave with the polarization electric field parallel to the second polarization grid 5.

[0073] The double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna provided by the present invention is based on the transmission unit structure of the above-mentioned transmission array. The adopted transmission unit has a phase adjustment function for the transmitted electromagnetic wave. Transmission units with certain phase compensation are arranged in the first transmission array and the second transmission array to realize the conversion of spherical wavefront electromagnetic wave to plane wavefront electromagnetic wave.

[0074] The feed antenna array is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0075] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the feeding antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the feed antenna unit in the feed antenna array may include a third dielectric plate 8, a fourth dielectric plate 12, a metal floor 9, a central radiation patch 6, a ring-shaped artificial magnetic conductor structure 7, a first feed probe 10 and a second feed probe 11;

[0076] The metal floor 9 is located between the third dielectric plate 8 and the fourth dielectric plate 12, the central radiation patch 6 is located above the third dielectric plate 8, and the annular artificial magnetic conductor structure 7 and the central radiation patch 6 are located on the same layer; a through hole is provided on the metal floor 9; the through hole is used for the first feeding probe 10 and the second feeding probe 11 to pass through.

[0077] Furthermore, the first feeding probe 10 and the second feeding probe 11 contact the central radiation patch 6 for excitation feeding, and the working electric fields excited by the two feeding probes are in orthogonal directions.

[0078] The surface waves excited by the central radiation patch 6 drive the annular artificial magnetic conductor structure 7 to radiate.

[0079] The annular artificial magnetic conductor can be composed of the outermost circle of a×b square patch units, located at the center of the antenna, and there is no electrical connection between the square patch units, and there is no electrical connection between the annular artificial magnetic conductor structure 7 and the central radiation patch 6. Among them, the annular artificial magnetic conductor is the outermost circle of the square patch unit.

[0080] Furthermore, the microstrip feed lines are led out from the bottom of the first feeding probe 10 and the second feeding probe 11 to control the on and off of the excitation. That is, the microstrip feed lines at the bottom of the first feeding probe 10 and the second feeding probe 11 in the feed antenna array are led out to both sides of the feed antenna array to control the excitation signal.

[0081] When the first feeding probe 10 excites the feed antenna array, an electromagnetic wave with a polarized electric field perpendicular to the second polarization grid 5 is generated, which is transmitted from the first transmission array.

[0082] When the second feeding probe 11 excites the feed antenna array, an electromagnetic wave with a polarized electric field perpendicular to the first polarization grid 2 is generated, which is transmitted from the second transmission array.

[0083] When the two probes of the central unit of the feed antenna array are excited, a transmission beam perpendicular to the first transmission array surface and the second transmission array surface will be generated. When the antenna unit offset from the center of the feed antenna array is excited, a transmission beam deviating from the normal direction of the first transmission array and the second transmission array surface will be generated, realizing a beam scanning function.

[0084] As an optional implementation, the centers of the first transmission array, the second transmission array and the feed antenna array are located at the same vertical position.

[0085] Furthermore, the antenna radiator may include the central radiation patch 6 and the annular artificial magnetic conductor.

[0086] The third dielectric plate 8 may be a high-frequency substrate. The central radiation patch 6 and the annular artificial magnetic conductor are located above the third dielectric plate 8. The central radiation patch 6 may be a square metal sheet. The central radiation patch 6 is located at the center of the antenna.

[0087] Furthermore, the artificial magnetic conductor structure can be composed of an array outer ring composed of 4×4 square metal patch units, with a total of 12 square small patch units. The artificial magnetic conductor structure is symmetrically distributed around the center of the antenna. There is no electrical connection between the square small patches in the artificial magnetic conductor structure. The central radiation patch 6 has no electrical connection with the artificial magnetic conductor structure.

[0088] As an optional embodiment, the first feeding probe 10 contacts the central radiating patch 6 for feeding. The first feeding probe 10 excites a polarized electric field perpendicular to the second polarization grid 5. The second feeding probe 11 contacts the central radiating patch 6 for feeding. The second feeding probe 11 excites a polarized electric field parallel to the second polarization grid 5.

[0089] Preferably, the central radiation patch 6 excites surface waves to drive the annular artificial magnetic conductor to radiate. The working mode of the central radiation patch 6 driving the annular artificial magnetic conductor enables the feed antenna to have a wide-band characteristic.

[0090] Further, Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the feed antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, among the central radiation patch 6 , the annular artificial magnetic conductor, the third dielectric plate 8 , the metal floor 9 , the first feeding probe 10 , the second feeding probe 11 and the fourth dielectric plate 12 , the third dielectric plate 8 is located above the metal floor 9 .

[0091] The fourth dielectric plate 12 may be a high-frequency substrate. The metal floor 9 is located above the fourth dielectric plate 12. Further, the first feeding probe 10 and the second feeding probe 11 pass through the third dielectric plate 8, and the metal floor 9 and the fourth dielectric plate 12 respectively excite the central radiation patch 6. The metal floor 9 has a hole for passing the first feeding probe 10 and the second feeding probe 11, and the metal floor 9 has no electrical connection with the feeding probe.

[0092] Furthermore, the central radiation patch 6 and the annular artificial magnetic conductor share the metal floor 9 as a reflection ground plane.

[0093] The double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna provided by the present invention, the feed antenna unit structure of the feed antenna array, combined with the transmission array, has the following technical effects:

[0094] A feeding probe is used to excite the central radiating patch 6. The surface wave generated by the central radiating patch 6 excites the annular artificial magnetic conductor to radiate, thereby increasing the radiation mode and expanding the working bandwidth of the antenna. The artificial magnetic conductor structure increases the radiation aperture of the antenna and improves the gain of the antenna. The two probes of the feed antenna excite mutually orthogonal polarized electromagnetic waves, which are transmitted from the first transmission array and the second transmission array respectively, to achieve bidirectional electromagnetic signal transmission. Microstrip feed lines are used to excite feed antennas at different positions on both sides of the feed antenna array. The electromagnetic waves of the two orthogonal modes radiated by the feed source generate electromagnetic beams with different transmission angles in the first transmission array and the second transmission array, thereby achieving the scanning function of the double-sided electromagnetic beam and greatly increasing the coverage of the high-gain beam.

[0095] For the specific implementation process of the present invention, it can be combined with Figure 7-15 Herein, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the first transmission array according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the first transmission array according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the first transmission array according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.10 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the second transmission array and the feed antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7-10 The first transmission array is composed of 14×14 transmission units arranged periodically. The center of the second transmission array is a 1×7 feed antenna array, which is equivalent to the size of a 2×14 transmission unit array, and there are 6×14 transmission unit arrays on both sides of the feed array.

[0096] Fig.11 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the second transmission array and the feed antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.11 As shown, the feed line of the feed antenna array is led out to both sides of the feed antenna array and is controlled by an external interface.

[0097] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the second transmission array and feed antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.13 Schematic diagram of phase compensation of transmission array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 to Figure 13 As shown, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the focus has a spherical wavefront. The phase difference caused by the path difference is compensated by the transmission unit on the transmission array, and an electromagnetic wave with a plane wavefront is transmitted, thereby realizing a high-gain pencil beam.

[0098] Next, combine Figure 14 to Figure 15 Explain the realization of vertical transmission of two-sided beam of transmission array antenna and oblique transmission of two-sided beam of transmission array antenna:

[0099] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of vertical transmission of two-sided beam of transmission array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.14As shown, the two probe ports of the feed antenna unit located at the center of the second transmission array are excited simultaneously to generate pencil beams perpendicular to the first transmission array and the second transmission array respectively. The polarized electric field generated by the feed probe is an electromagnetic wave in the horizontal direction that passes through the first transmission array, and the polarized electric field generated is an electromagnetic wave in the vertical direction that passes through the second transmission array.

[0100] Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the double-sided beam tilted transmission of the transmission array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.15 As shown, the two probe ports of the feed antenna unit located at the non-central position of the second transmission array are excited simultaneously to generate pencil beams inclined to the normal lines of the first transmission array surface and the second transmission array surface respectively. Exciting the feed antenna units at different positions will generate beams at different angles, thereby realizing a double-sided beam scanning function.

[0101] In summary, the dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna provided by the present invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0102] 1) The present invention utilizes the polarization selection characteristics of the transmission unit to achieve the regulation of the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves.

[0103] 2) The surface waves generated by the central radiating patch of the present invention excite the annular artificial magnetic conductor to radiate, thereby increasing the radiation mode, that is, utilizing the central radiating patch to drive the working mode of the annular artificial magnetic conductor, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the feed antenna unit.

[0104] 3) The artificial magnetic conductor structure of the radiator increases the radiation aperture and improves the gain of the antenna, which is conducive to achieving the high gain characteristics of the antenna.

[0105] 4) The upper and lower transmission array surfaces of the present invention are both arranged with transmission units having a certain phase compensation capability, so that the transmission array can convert electromagnetic waves with a spherical wavefront into electromagnetic waves with a plane wavefront, forming a high-gain pencil beam. That is, the transmission array surface is composed of transmission units with polarization selection characteristics, and the electromagnetic waves with a spherical wavefront are converted into a pencil beam with a plane wavefront.

[0106] 5) In the present invention, the feeding probes at two positions can excite electromagnetic waves of two polarization modes, that is, the two probes of the feed antenna excite mutually orthogonal polarized electromagnetic waves that are transmitted from the first transmission array and the second transmission array respectively, thereby realizing bidirectional electromagnetic signal transmission. The feed antennas at different positions are excited by microstrip feed lines on both sides of the feed antenna array, and the electromagnetic waves of the two orthogonal modes radiated by the feed source generate electromagnetic beams with different transmission angles in the first transmission array and the second transmission array, thereby realizing the scanning function of the double-sided electromagnetic beam and greatly increasing the coverage range of the high-gain beam. The scanning function of the electromagnetic beam is realized by using the feed antenna array, and the beam scanning at different angles on both sides can be realized by turning on the feed sources at different positions, and the simultaneous coverage of double-sided multi-beams can be realized by cooperating to turn on several feed antenna units.

[0107] Although the present invention is described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, in the process of implementing the claimed invention, those skilled in the art may understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments by viewing the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "one" or "an" does not exclude multiple situations. A single processor or other unit may implement several functions listed in the claims. Certain measures are recorded in different dependent claims, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0108] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it is apparent that various modifications and combinations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, this specification and the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the present invention as defined by the appended claims and are deemed to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations if they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna, characterized in that: At least: A first transmission array, a second transmission array and a feed antenna array; The first transmission array and the second transmission array both include transmission units with phase compensation capability; the feed antenna array includes a feed antenna unit, and the feed antenna array is integrated with the second transmission array.

2. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission unit of the first transmission array includes a first dielectric plate, a first polarization grid, a second dielectric plate, a second polarization grid and a phase adjustment unit; The first polarization grid is located on the first dielectric plate, the second polarization grid is located below the second dielectric plate, and the phase adjustment unit is located between the first polarization grid and the second polarization grid; The transmission unit transmits electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is perpendicular to the first polarization grid and incident from the upper side, reflects electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is parallel to the first polarization grid and incident from the upper side, transmits electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is perpendicular to the second polarization grid and incident from the lower side, and reflects electromagnetic waves whose polarization electric field is parallel to the second polarization grid and incident from the lower side; The phase adjustment unit in the transmission unit is used to adjust the phase of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.

3. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feed antenna unit includes a third dielectric plate, a fourth dielectric plate, a metal floor, a central radiation patch, a ring-shaped artificial magnetic conductor structure, a first feed probe and a second feed probe; The metal floor is located between the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate, the central radiation patch is located above the third dielectric plate, and the annular artificial magnetic conductor structure and the central radiation patch are located on the same layer; a through hole is provided on the metal floor; the through hole is used for the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe to pass through.

4. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first feeding probe and the second feeding probe contact their respective central radiation patches for excitation feeding, and the working electric fields excited by the two feeding probes are in orthogonal directions; The surface waves excited by the central radiation patch drive the annular artificial magnetic conductor structure to radiate. The annular artificial magnetic conductor is an outer ring of square patch units and is located at the center of the double-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna.

5. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ports of the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe of the feed antenna unit located at the center of the second transmission array are excited simultaneously to generate pencil beams perpendicular to the first transmission array and the second transmission array respectively. The polarized electric fields generated by the two feeding probes are electromagnetic waves in a horizontal direction that pass through the first transmission array, and the polarized electric fields generated by the two feeding probes are electromagnetic waves in a vertical direction that pass through the second transmission array.

6. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ports of the first feeding probe and the second feeding probe of the feed antenna unit located at a non-central position of the second transmission array are excited simultaneously to generate pencil beams inclined to the normals of the first transmission array surface and the second transmission array surface respectively; the feed antenna units at different positions are excited to generate beams at different angles.

7. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second transmission array includes two groups of transmission units distributed on both sides of the feed antenna array.

8. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microstrip feed lines at the bottom of the first feed probe and the second feed probe in the feed antenna array are led out to both sides of the feed antenna array to control the excitation signal so as to control the on and off of the excitation; When the first feeding probe excites the feed antenna array, an electromagnetic wave having a polarized electric field perpendicular to the second polarization grid is generated, and the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the first transmission array; When the second feeding probe excites the feed antenna array, an electromagnetic wave with a polarized electric field perpendicular to the first polarization grid is generated, which is transmitted from the second transmission array.

9. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed antenna array feed line is led out to both sides of the feed antenna array and is controlled by an external interface.

10. The dual-sided beam scanning transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centers of the first transmission array, the second transmission array and the feed antenna array are located at the same vertical position.

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