Electric power-traffic system cooperative load recovery method considering building response

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric power-traffic system collaborative load recovery method considering building response, which comprises the following steps of: collecting electric power system information and traffic system information through a terminal sensor; the method comprises the steps of constructing a thermodynamic model and a power distribution network reconstruction model of an intelligent building IB powered and operated by a power distribution network, calculating power loads at nodes of the power distribution network, constructing an electric bus EB path planning model and a first-aid repair team path planning model, establishing a collaborative load recovery function, and solving to obtain an optimal power distribution network recovery method. When the power distribution network DN breaks down, the EB is dispatched to run to the charging station to provide electric energy, power is supplied to the DN in cooperation with the emergency power supply equipment, energy supply of the power distribution network to the access load is recovered, the flexibility of an air conditioner system in the IB is fully excavated, the comfort state of a user in the IB is met, meanwhile, the operation power of an air conditioner is reduced, and the user experience is improved. And therefore, the energy consumption required by the responsive load can be reduced, and the energy consumption can be saved and distributed to important loads in the access loads of the power distribution network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution network emergency repair, and in particular to a method for coordinating load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account. Background Art

[0002] As global climate change intensifies, the frequency of extreme events increases year by year. Key urban infrastructure, such as distribution networks, are vulnerable to disasters, resulting in severe interruptions in energy supply and the inability of buildings and loads in buildings to work properly. Therefore, it is necessary to use emergency repair teams to promptly restore faulty distribution networks. However, the existing distribution network restoration methods do not fully utilize the interactive and collaborative capabilities of the power system and the transportation system, ignore the flexible utilization of existing resources, and do not consider the impact of various possible factors on the distribution network restoration process, resulting in the proposed distribution network restoration method being too ideal.

[0003] The defects of existing power system restoration methods are: 1. Patent document CN115275999A mainly considers the impact of time-varying road impedance of electric locomotives on the optimal dispatch and restoration of distribution networks, but does not consider how to use idle resources in the traffic network to assist in the restoration of distribution networks and the impact of various factors on the restoration plan of distribution networks; 2. Patent document CN112837172B mainly considers reducing the impact of damaged roads faced by the repair team in the process of restoring the distribution network on the restoration plan, but does not consider the impact of building thermal inertia and the adjustability of flexible responsive loads in the building on the distribution network restoration plan. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for coordinated load restoration of an electric power-transportation system taking building response into account and a method for using the same to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for coordinated load restoration of power-transportation system taking building response into account, comprising the following steps: S1, collecting power system information and transportation system information through terminal sensors, wherein the power system information includes distribution network (DN) fault information, distribution network access load information, and emergency power supply equipment (EPSE) available capacity, and the transportation system information includes transportation network (TN) fault information, available electric bus (EB) quantity and location information, repair team (RT) information and charging station (CS) location information, wherein the distribution network access load information includes primary load, secondary load and tertiary load, and the secondary load is the intelligent building (IB) load; S2, construct the thermodynamic model of intelligent building and calculate the energy consumption of intelligent building load considering the thermal inertia of IB building; S3. After a DN fault occurs, the faulty branch of the distribution network is connected by reconstructing the topology of the distribution network according to the DN information; S4. Based on the thermodynamic model of intelligent buildings, the responsive load in the intelligent building (IB) load is considered to calculate the power load at the distribution network node; S5. Construct an electric bus path planning model and a repair team path planning model according to the traffic system information, and plan the moving path of the electric bus and the moving path of the repair team; S6. Power is supplied to the distribution network through CS and EPSE. The provided electric energy is provided to the loads connected to the distribution network through connecting branches. A collaborative load recovery model taking into account building response and road repair is established to solve the optimal distribution network recovery method.

[0006] Preferably, the power system information in S1 is managed by a power operator (PO), the traffic system information is managed by a traffic operator (TO), and the charging station is a coupling point between the traffic system and the power system.

[0007] Preferably, S2 includes the following steps: S21. Construct a thermodynamic model of the IB powered by the distribution network, specifically including constructing a thermodynamic model of the indoor and outdoor walls of the IB based on a thermal resistance-capacitance network model, and the thermodynamic model includes four wall nodes and one indoor node, each group of nodes is connected to the ground through a thermal capacitor, and the two groups of nodes are connected through a thermal resistance, wherein the thermal resistance and the thermal capacitance are used for heat transfer and heat storage, respectively, and the indoor temperature of the IB is maintained by the air conditioning system; S22. Establish a load energy consumption model considering the thermal inertia of IB buildings and calculate the energy consumption of loads within IB, where the loads within IB include conventional power loads. and responsive load .

[0008] Preferably, S3 includes the following steps: S31, setting distribution network topology constraints so that the topology structure of the distribution network satisfies the radial topology structure of the distribution network; S32: Reconstruct the distribution network model to obtain the distribution network power flow model.

[0009] Preferably, S4 includes the following steps: S41, for the distribution network power flow model in S32, setting flow constraints in the distribution network branches; S42, after the distribution network branches are connected, the power load at the node i of the connected branch is calculated, wherein the power load at the node i includes the IB load and the conventional load; S43, calculate the electric energy that EB and EPSE can provide to the faulty DN; S44, calculating the power injected into node i; S45 . Set a power balance constraint for the DN so that the power flowing into and out of the node i satisfies a balanced state.

[0010] Preferably, the S5 further includes: S51, the EB drives to a charging station (CS), where the CS provides power services through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, so that the EB provides power to the faulty DN; The S51 specifically includes: S511, establish an electric bus (EB) driving model and an EB path planning model in the traffic network to optimize the driving route of the EB to the CS; Set anti-traffic constraints for the EB driving model; S512, calculating the EB driving energy consumption taking into account the driving speed; S513: The initial energy state of EB and the driving energy consumption of EB satisfy the following constraints: ; S514, calculating the available energy provided by EB at the recommended charging station i (CSi); Calculate the total number of EBs that supply power to the faulty DN through the CS and travel to the CS to supply power within the time when the faulty DN is restored. ; Calculate the time required for EB driving.

[0011] Preferably, the S5 further includes: S52, when EB is driving to CS, the repair team (RT) repairs the damaged road in the driving path; The S52 specifically includes: S521, establish a repair path planning model for the repair team to optimize the driving path of the RT repair process; A repair team driving path model is established according to the repair team's driving path, and the repair team's driving path is RT site-damaged road-RT site; Setting repair conditions for damaged roads; Generate a repair path model for the repair team based on the repair team's driving path model and repair conditions; Calculate the time required for RT to reach the damaged road and repair the damaged road.

[0012] Preferably, S6 includes: S61. Establish a coordinated load restoration function to solve a coordinated load restoration method that minimizes DN losses and maximizes TN benefits during DN failure and restoration.

[0013] Preferably, the S6 also includes: S62, solving the coordinated load recovery function by using the ADMM algorithm to obtain the optimal coordinated load recovery method; S621, decoupling TN and DN coupled by CS by using a node tearing method, decomposing the problem of solving the coordinated load recovery function into solving a sub-problem of TN and solving a sub-problem of DN; S622, solve the sub-problems of TN; S623. Solve the sub-problem of DN.

[0014] Preferably, the S6 also includes: S63. Solve the collaborative load recovery function by using the AD-ADMM algorithm to obtain the optimal collaborative load recovery method.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention proposes a method for coordinated load recovery of power-transportation system taking building response into account. When the distribution network DN fails and is waiting to be restored, demand information is sent to the transportation network TN, so that the TN dispatcher EB drives to the CS to provide power, and at the same time cooperates with the emergency power supply equipment EPSE to supply power to the faulty DN, so as to restore the energy supply of the distribution network to the load connected to the distribution network. In addition, the present invention combines the thermodynamic model of IB to fully explore the flexibility of the air-conditioning system in IB, so as to achieve the reduction of the operating power of the air-conditioning while satisfying the comfort state of users in IB, thereby reducing the required energy consumption of the responsive load, and facilitating the allocation of energy saving to the important loads in the distribution network access load.

[0016] 2. The present invention establishes a load energy consumption model that takes into account the thermal inertia of IB buildings to calculate the energy consumption required for IB, and takes into account the impact of the thermal inertia of the intelligent building itself on the required energy consumption, so that the energy consumption calculation result is more accurate. By reconstructing the distribution network model and connecting the damaged branches of the distribution network, the distribution network is convenient for transmitting electric energy to loads at all levels through the new connected branches, thereby restoring the normal operation of the damaged loads.

[0017] 3. The present invention is implemented by TO sending power demand information and subsidy price to PO, so that TO can dispatch EB to drive to CS to provide available power to DN according to the power demand information, and optimize the driving routes of electric buses and repair teams through electric bus path planning models and repair team path planning models, thereby shortening the time and energy consumption of electric buses to reach the target charging station, so that electric buses can provide more available power to the distribution network in time.

[0018] 4. The present invention solves the collaborative load recovery function by using an accelerated asynchronous decentralized algorithm, so that each subsystem can be solved continuously without waiting for other subsystems, avoiding communication delays and information loss problems, while improving the overall solution efficiency, and dynamically adjusting the step size in each iteration to enhance convergence performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the collaborative load recovery method of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flow chart of step S4 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a framework diagram of the coordinated restoration of the power system and traffic of the present invention; Figure 4 It is the IB thermodynamic model diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a solution time diagram using the ADMM algorithm of the present invention; Figure 6 It is the solution time diagram of the AD-ADMM algorithm of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect power system information and traffic system information through terminal sensors, where power system information includes distribution network (DN) fault information, distribution network access load information, and emergency power supply equipment (EPSE) available capacity; traffic system information includes traffic network (TN) fault information, available electric bus (EB) quantity and location information, repair team (RT) information, and charging station (CS) location information; where distribution network access load information includes primary load, secondary load, and tertiary load. The secondary load is the intelligent building (IB) load, i.e., the general building site load; the primary load is the load of important places such as hospitals.

[0022] Furthermore, the circuit system and the traffic system are coupled through the charging station (CS). When a sudden failure occurs in the DN, it is convenient to use the idle EB to move to the CS and supply the electric energy in the EB to the DN. During the recovery of the DN, the electric energy supplied by the CS and the electric energy provided by the emergency power supply equipment (EPSE) in the power system can be used to maintain the normal operation of each level of load in the distribution network, thereby improving the flexible utilization of energy and reducing the economic loss in the DN recovery process.

[0023] See also Figure 1 and Figure 4 The present invention provides an embodiment: a method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking into account building response, comprising the following steps: S2, construct the thermodynamic model of intelligent building and calculate the energy consumption of intelligent building load considering the thermal inertia of IB building; S2 includes the following steps: S21. Construct a thermodynamic model of the IB powered by the distribution network, specifically including constructing a thermodynamic model of the indoor and outdoor walls of the IB based on a thermal resistance-capacitance network model, and the thermodynamic model includes four wall nodes and one indoor node, each group of nodes is connected to the ground through a thermal capacitor, and the two groups of nodes are connected through a thermal resistance, wherein the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance are used for heat transfer and heat storage, respectively, and the indoor temperature of the IB is maintained by the air-conditioning system, which is a responsive load in the intelligent building load; According to the IB thermodynamic model, the heat balance equation of the IB wall surface ij is obtained as follows: , (1); in, is the wall heat capacity, is the wall temperature at time t, is the node adjacent to the wall, is the temperature of node j at time t, is the wall thermal resistance, For sunlight-exposed wall identifiers, is the heat absorption coefficient of the wall, is the area of ​​the wall, is the light intensity on the wall, is the duration of each time period, It is the collection of nodes connected to the building; The heat balance equation of indoor node i is as follows: , (2); in, is the heat capacity of the room, is the indoor temperature at time t, is the node adjacent to the room, is the node adjacent to the window, is the operating power of the air conditioner in the i-th room, is the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner, is the heat gain inside the room, For window marking, is the transmittance of the window, is the area of ​​the window, is the thermal resistance of the window; The responsive load in IB load is air conditioning, and the air conditioning operation constraint expression is as follows: , (3); in , They are the minimum and maximum working power of the AC in IB respectively; The comfortable temperature range constraints for IB indoor users are as follows: , (4); in , are the lower and upper limits of user comfort temperature in IB respectively; S22. Establish a load energy consumption model considering the thermal inertia of IB buildings and calculate the energy consumption of loads within IB, where the loads within IB include conventional power loads. and responsive load , the load energy consumption model considering the thermal inertia of IB building is as follows: , (5); , (6); in, is the active load in IB, is the reactive load in IB, is the power factor of IB.

[0024] Furthermore, by establishing a load energy consumption model that considers the thermal inertia of IB buildings to calculate the energy consumption required for IB, and taking into account the impact of the thermal inertia of the intelligent building itself on the required energy consumption, the energy consumption calculation results are more accurate, and the flexibility of the responsive load in the intelligent building load is fully tapped, so that the responsive load in the intelligent building, that is, the air-conditioning system, can reduce the operating power of the responsive load while meeting the comfort of IB indoor users, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the responsive load and the energy consumption required for the IB load, and the saved energy is used to provide to the primary load in the distribution network access load.

[0025] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account, comprising the following steps: S3. After a DN fault occurs, the faulty branch of the distribution network is connected by reconstructing the topology of the distribution network according to the DN information; S3 includes the following steps: S31. Set the distribution network topology constraints so that the topology structure of the distribution network satisfies the radial topology structure of the distribution network. The distribution network topology constraints are as follows: , (7); , (8) (8); , (9); in, A Boolean variable representing the connection status of a distribution network branch. When the branch is connected, , A Boolean variable representing the parent-child relationship of nodes in a branch, and when , it means i is the parent node of j. represents the set of nodes connected to node i, is the distribution network route collection, is a set of distribution network nodes; S32, reconstruct the distribution network model to obtain the distribution network power flow model. The distribution network power flow model can be expressed as follows: (10); (11); (12); in, is the square of the voltage at node i; is the square of the voltage at node j; M is a large real number; and are the resistance and reactance of branch ij respectively; is the square of the current flowing through ij; and are the active power and reactive power of distribution network branch ij respectively; The square term in (12) is processed by the SOCR method, and the expression after processing is as follows: , (13).

[0026] Furthermore, by reconstructing the distribution network model, when a DN fault occurs and causes the branch ij in the distribution network to be disconnected, a new branch-connected distribution network model is generated, so that the distribution network can supply power to the load connected to the distribution network through the new connected branch, thereby restoring the normal operation of the important loads affected by the disaster.

[0027] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an embodiment: a method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking into account building response, comprising the following steps: S4. Based on the thermodynamic model of intelligent buildings, the responsive load in the intelligent building (IB) load is considered to calculate the power load at the distribution network node; S4 includes the following steps: S41. For the distribution network flow model in S32, flow constraints in the distribution network branches are set, and the constraint conditions are as follows: (14); (15); (16); (17); in, , is the minimum and maximum square of voltage; , is the minimum and maximum square of the current; , is the minimum and maximum active power allowed to pass through branch ij; , is the minimum and maximum reactive power allowed to pass through branch ij; S42, after the distribution network branches are connected, the power load at the connected branch node i is calculated, wherein the power load at the node i includes the IB load and the conventional load, and the power load calculation method at the node i is as follows: , (18); , (19); in, are the active and reactive loads connected to node i respectively; , are the conventional active and reactive loads connected to node i respectively; S43, calculate the electric energy provided by EB and EPSE to the faulty DN, and the electric energy provided to the distribution network is used by the distribution network to supply the distribution network access load. The calculation method of the provided electric energy is as follows: (20); (twenty one); in, is the total active power generated by the power supply resources EB and EPSE at node i, is the total reactive power generated by the power supply resources EB and EPSE at node i, , are the active and reactive outputs of the EPSE connected to node i, is the EB discharge efficiency; The output of the emergency power supply equipment (EPSE) meets the following constraints: (twenty two) (twenty three); in, , They are the minimum and maximum active output of EPSE respectively; , They are the minimum and maximum reactive output of EPSE respectively; S44, calculate the power injected into node i, and the calculation method is as follows: (twenty four); (25); in, is the active power injected into node i, is the reactive power injected into node i, represents the load status of node i, When , it means that the load of node i has been restored; In order to improve computational efficiency, piecewise linearization technology is used to transform nonlinear constraints involving Boolean variables into linear constraints. For example, constraints are added to (24): Convert to linear terms , the conversion results are as follows: ; ; ; To ensure the user's power consumption experience, once the load is restored, DN will maintain continuous power supply, and the load state of node i satisfies the following constraints: (26); S45. Set the power balance constraint of DN so that the power flowing into and out of node i of DN satisfies the balance state, and the power balance constraint of DN is as follows: (27) (28); in, is a Boolean variable of the parent-child relationship of nodes in the branch, and when , it means i is the parent node of h. is the resistance of line hi, and are the active power and reactive power of distribution network branch hi respectively; is the square of the current flowing through the distribution network branch hi; The active power loss in DN is calculated as follows: (29); in, is the active power loss in the distribution network branch, is the square of the current flowing through the distribution network branch ij, is the resistance of the distribution network branch ij.

[0028] Furthermore, the distribution network model is reconstructed to achieve connectivity of the faulty branches in the distribution network, so that the distribution network can restore the power supply to important loads, and then restore the normal operation of the loads connected to the distribution network affected by the disaster. The EB travels to the CS to transmit power to the distribution network, and cooperates with the emergency power supply equipment to jointly provide power to the distribution network to restore the use of the loads connected to the distribution network. The EB and the emergency power supply equipment provide power support for the restoration of the faulty DN, which is conducive to improving the energy utilization effect and reducing the economic losses during the DN restoration process.

[0029] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account, comprising the following steps: S5. Construct an electric bus path planning model and a repair team path planning model according to the traffic system information, and plan the moving path of the electric bus and the moving path of the repair team; S51 specifically includes: S511. Establish an electric bus (EB) driving model and an EB path planning model available in the traffic network to optimize the driving route from EB to CS. The EB driving model is as follows: , , (30); , (31); , (32); in, is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. represents the set of transportation network nodes, represents the set of electric buses EB, which are nodes in the transportation network; Set constraints on the EB driving model so that EB can pass through any node in the traffic network smoothly and will not get stuck at a node in the traffic network when driving. The constraints on the EB driving model are as follows: , , (33); The EB path planning model is as follows: (34) in, is the starting point of the first section of the EBk driving route. is the starting point of the hth section in the EBk driving route, is the end point of the hth section of the EBk driving route, is the end point of EBk, EBk travels to The total number of nodes to pass through; S512. The calculation method of EB driving energy consumption considering driving speed is as follows: , (35); in, is the driving energy consumption of EB, is the driving speed on road ij, is the length of road ij, is a collection of traffic network segments; S513: Constrain the driving energy consumption of the EB to ensure that the EB can drive smoothly to the charging station. The initial energy state of the EB and the driving energy consumption of the EB satisfy the following constraints: (36); in, is a Boolean variable indicating whether EBk passes through road ij during driving, which is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is the initial state of charge (SOC) of the battery of EBk, is the battery capacity of the battery; When EBk reaches the recommended CS, the available energy of the EB battery is calculated by the following relationship: (37); in is the available energy of the EB battery when EBk reaches the recommended CS, EB battery SOC after DN completes recovery; S514. Calculate the available energy provided by EB at the recommended charging station i (CSi), and the calculation method of the available energy is as follows: , (38); in, is the discharge power of the EB battery at CSi at time t, is the EB discharge efficiency, is a Boolean variable indicating whether EBk enters charging station i (CSi) at time t. If so, , , …, is 1, otherwise it is 0; The power supply capacity of the EB at CSi meets the following constraints: , (39); in , are the maximum power of EB charging and discharging respectively; The total number of EBs that supply power to the faulty DN through the CS and travel to the CS to supply power within the time when the faulty DN is restored Satisfies the following relationship: (40); The time required for EB driving satisfies the following relationship: , , (41); , (42) (43); in is the time required for EB to cross the road ij during driving, is the time required to reach road ij during driving, is the waiting time required by EB when the road ij is damaged and needs to be repaired by the repair team (RT), The time it takes for RT to repair the damaged road ij, is the starting point of the hth section in the EBk driving route, is the end point of the hth section of the EBk driving route, A collection of damaged roads.

[0030] S5 also includes: S52, when EB is driving to CS, the repair team (RT) repairs the damaged road in the driving path; S52 specifically includes: S521, establish a repair path planning model for the repair team to optimize the driving path of the RT repair process; The repair team driving path model is established according to the repair team's driving path, and the repair team's driving path is RT site-damaged road-RT site. The repair team's driving path model is as follows: , , (44); (45); , (46); , , (47); in, Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. for the assembly of the maintenance team; Repair conditions are set for damaged roads to ensure that one damaged road is repaired by one repair team, and the total number of roads repaired by the repair team is the total number of damaged roads, and the repair conditions are as follows: , (48); (49); in, It is a Boolean variable indicating whether RTk passes through a damaged road. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0. The number of damaged roads that need to be repaired for RT; Based on the repair team driving path model and repair conditions, the repair team repair path model is generated as follows: (50); in, is the starting point of the first road segment that RTk passes through when moving from the (m-1)th damaged road to the mth damaged road, , They represent the starting point and end point of the hth road segment that RTk passes through when it moves from the (m-1)th damaged road to the mth damaged road. is the total number of nodes that RTk needs to pass through when moving from the (m-1)th damaged road to the mth damaged road; The time required for RT to reach the damaged road and repair the damaged road is calculated as follows: , , , (51); (52); in, is the time it takes for RTk to reach the mth damaged road, is the total time required for RT to repair the mth damaged road, is the driving speed of RT on road ij, The time required to repair damaged roads for RT; By summing (51) and (52), we get the following calculation formula: , (53); in It is the time required for RTk to repair the damaged road in the EB driving path.

[0031] Furthermore, according to the power load information required in the process of restoring the faulty DN, the demand information is sent to the PO, and the electric bus path planning model is used to plan the driving path of the electric vehicle in combination with the location and quantity information of the available electric buses and the location information of the charging station. In addition, the maintenance team information and the damaged road information are combined to plan the maintenance driving path so that the maintenance team can reach the damaged road to repair it. The electric vehicle path is further combined to shorten the time and energy consumption of the electric bus to reach the target charging station, so that the electric bus can provide more available power to the distribution network in time. This realizes the comprehensive influence of the number of EBs dispatched, the driving time of EBs, the path selection of EBs and the repair of damaged paths on the restoration of the faulty DN in the process of restoring the faulty DN, so as to obtain an accurate coordinated restoration plan for the power system and the transportation system and restore the faulty DN.

[0032] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The present invention provides an embodiment: a method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking into account building response, comprising the following steps: S6. Power is supplied to the distribution network through CS and EPSE. The provided power is supplied to the loads connected to the distribution network through the connecting branches. A collaborative load restoration model taking into account building response and road repair is established to solve and obtain the optimal distribution network restoration method. S6 includes: S61. Establish a coordinated load recovery function to solve the coordinated load recovery method that minimizes DN loss and maximizes TN benefit during DN failure and recovery. The coordinated load recovery function expression is as follows: (54); in is the DN operating cost, is the TN income, and , The calculation method is as follows: (55); in, is the outage cost of load level z in IB, is the operating cost of EPSE, The subsidy price paid by the power operator (PO) managing the DN to the transport operator (TO) managing the TN, is the penalty cost for network loss, The active output of the EPSE connected to node i, is the EB discharge efficiency; (56); in, is the time cost coefficient of EB, is the cost coefficient of RT.

[0033] Also included in S6: S62, solving the coordinated load recovery function by using the ADMM algorithm to obtain the optimal coordinated load recovery method; S621, decoupling TN and DN coupled by CS by using a node tearing method, decomposing the problem of solving the coordinated load recovery function into solving a sub-problem of TN and solving a sub-problem of DN; Specifically, it involves introducing auxiliary variables to decouple the power system: ; (57) in, and are boundary variables in the power system, and is the electric energy provided by EB to DN, solved by PO, It represents the electrical output of EB in TN, which is solved by TO, and then the original cooperative recovery function is decomposed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) subproblem of TN and a mixed integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) subproblem of PN.

[0034] S622, solve the sub-problem of TN. The sub-problem solving process is as follows: Lagrange multipliers and penalty terms are added to the original objective function to enhance the stability of the iterative process. The objective function of TN is expressed as: , (58); st (1)-(5), (7)-(9), (11)-(13), (18)-(53), (35)-(26); in, represents the Lagrange multiplier on TN, Represents a global variable, represents the step length; S623. Solve the sub-problem of DN. The sub-problem solving process is as follows: , (59); st(6),(11)-(13),(35)-(48),(50)-(51); in, represents the Lagrange multiplier on TN; In order to ensure the consistency between the distributed solution and the global optimization result, the boundary information should be as consistent as possible. Therefore, we need to update the global variable z and the Lagrange multiplier to coordinate the boundary information between TN and DN: (60); (62); The criteria for determining iterative convergence are as follows: (63); (64); Among them, and are the primal and dual residuals, respectively; and is the maximum allowable convergence error.

[0035] Also included in S6: S63, solving the collaborative load recovery function by using the AD-ADMM algorithm to obtain the optimal collaborative load recovery method; An AD-ADMM is designed to dynamically adjust the step size according to the original residual and the dual residual, which is described as: (65); Furthermore, the collaborative load recovery function is solved by the AD-ADMM algorithm. While adopting a parallel solution mechanism, when a subproblem in DN or TN is completed, the latest boundary output in TN or DN is sent to the network that has completed the calculation. ADMM can continue to solve without waiting for a long time, avoiding the problem of information loss caused by communication delays, greatly reducing idle time, and improving the overall solution efficiency. In addition, the step size is dynamically adjusted in each iteration to enhance the convergence performance.

[0036] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect power system information and traffic system information through terminal sensors, where power system information includes distribution network (DN) fault information, distribution network access load information, and emergency power supply equipment (EPSE) available capacity; traffic system information includes traffic network (TN) fault information, available electric bus (EB) quantity and location information, repair team (RT) information, and charging station (CS) location information; where distribution network access load information includes primary load, secondary load, and tertiary load, and secondary load is intelligent building (IB) load; S2, construct the thermodynamic model of intelligent building and calculate the energy consumption of intelligent building load considering the thermal inertia of IB building; S3. After a DN fault occurs, the faulty branch of the distribution network is connected by reconstructing the topology of the distribution network according to the DN information; S4. Based on the thermodynamic model of intelligent buildings, the responsive load in the intelligent building (IB) load is considered to calculate the power load at the distribution network node; S5. Construct an electric bus path planning model and a repair team path planning model according to the traffic system information, and plan the moving path of the electric bus and the moving path of the repair team; S6. Power is supplied to the distribution network through CS and EPSE. The provided electric energy is provided to the loads connected to the distribution network through connecting branches. A collaborative load recovery model taking into account building response and road repair is established to solve the optimal distribution network recovery method.

2. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the power system information is managed by the power operator (PO), the traffic system information is managed by the traffic operator (TO), and the charging station is the coupling point between the traffic system and the power system.

3. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S2 includes the following steps: S21. Construct a thermodynamic model of the IB powered by the distribution network, specifically including constructing a thermodynamic model of the indoor and outdoor walls of the IB based on a thermal resistance-capacitance network model, and the thermodynamic model includes four wall nodes and one indoor node, each group of nodes is connected to the ground through a thermal capacitor, and the two groups of nodes are connected through a thermal resistance, wherein the thermal resistance and the thermal capacitance are used for heat transfer and heat storage, respectively, and the indoor temperature of the IB is maintained by the air conditioning system; According to the IB thermodynamic model, the heat balance equation of the IB wall surface ij is obtained as follows: , (1)； in, is the wall heat capacity, is the wall temperature at time t, is the node adjacent to the wall, is the temperature of node j at time t, is the wall thermal resistance, For sunlight-exposed wall identifiers, is the heat absorption coefficient of the wall, is the area of ​​the wall, is the light intensity on the wall, is the duration of each time period, It is the collection of nodes connected to the building; The heat balance equation of indoor node i is as follows: ， （2）； in, is the heat capacity of the room, is the indoor temperature at time t, are nodes adjacent to the room, is the node adjacent to the window, is the operating power of the air conditioner in the i-th room, is the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner, is the heat gain inside the room, For window marking, is the transmittance of the window, is the area of ​​the window, is the thermal resistance of the window; The responsive load in IB load is air conditioning, and the air conditioning operation constraint expression is as follows: ， （3）； in , are the minimum and maximum operating power of the air conditioner in IB respectively; The comfortable temperature range constraints for IB indoor users are as follows: ， （4）； in , are the lower and upper limits of user comfort temperature in IB respectively; S22. Establish a load energy consumption model considering the thermal inertia of IB buildings and calculate the energy consumption of loads within IB, where the loads within IB include conventional power loads. and responsive load , the load energy consumption model considering the thermal inertia of IB building is as follows: ， （5）； ， （6）； in, is the active load in IB, is the reactive load in IB, is the power factor of IB.

4. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S3 includes the following steps: S31. Set the distribution network topology constraints so that the topology structure of the distribution network satisfies the radial topology structure of the distribution network. The distribution network topology constraints are as follows: ， （7）； （8）, ； ， （9）； in, A Boolean variable representing the connection status of a distribution network branch. When the branch is connected, , A Boolean variable representing the parent-child relationship of nodes in a branch, and when , it means i is the parent node of j. represents the set of nodes connected to node i, is the distribution network route set, is a set of distribution network nodes; S32, reconstruct the distribution network model to obtain the distribution network power flow model. The distribution network power flow model can be expressed as follows: （10）； （11）； （12）； in, is the square of the voltage at node i; is the square of the voltage at node j; M is a large real number; and are the resistance and reactance of branch ij respectively; is the square of the current flowing through ij; and are the active power and reactive power of distribution network branch ij respectively; The square term in (12) is processed by the SOCR method, and the processed expression is as follows: ， （13）。 5. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 4, characterized in that: The S4 includes the following steps: S41. For the distribution network flow model in S32, flow constraints in the distribution network branches are set, and the constraint conditions are as follows: （14）； （15）； （16）； （17）； in, , is the minimum and maximum square of voltage; , is the minimum and maximum square of the current; , is the minimum and maximum active power allowed to pass through branch ij; , is the minimum and maximum reactive power allowed to pass through branch ij; S42, after the distribution network branches are connected, the power load at the connected branch node i is calculated, wherein the power load at the node i includes the IB load and the conventional load, and the power load calculation method at the node i is as follows: ， （18）； ， （19）； in, are the active and reactive loads connected to node i respectively; , are the conventional active and reactive loads connected to node i respectively; S43. Calculate the electric energy that EB and EPSE can provide to the faulty DN, and the calculation method is as follows: （20）； （21）； in, is the total active power generated by the power supply resources EB and EPSE at node i, is the total reactive power generated by the power supply resources EB and EPSE at node i, , are the active and reactive outputs of the EPSE connected to node i, is the EB discharge efficiency; The output of the emergency power supply equipment (EPSE) meets the following constraints: （22） （23）； in, , They are the minimum and maximum active output of EPSE respectively; , They are the minimum and maximum reactive output of EPSE respectively; S44, calculate the power injected into node i, and the calculation method is as follows: （24）； （25）； in, is the active power injected into node i, is the reactive power injected into node i, represents the load status of node i, When , it means that the load of node i has been restored; To ensure the user's power consumption experience, once the load is restored, DN will maintain continuous power supply, and the load state of node i satisfies the following constraints: （26）； S45. Set the power balance constraint of DN so that the power flowing into and out of node i of DN satisfies the balance state, and the power balance constraint of DN is as follows: （27） （28）； in, is a Boolean variable of the parent-child relationship of nodes in the branch, and when , it means i is the parent node of h. is the resistance of line hi, and are the active power and reactive power of distribution network branch hi respectively; is the square of the current flowing through the distribution network branch hi; The active power loss in DN is calculated as follows: （29）； in, is the active power loss in the distribution network branch, is the square of the current flowing through the distribution network branch ij, is the resistance of the distribution network branch ij.

6. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S5 also includes: S51, the EB drives to a charging station (CS), where a power service is provided by vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, so that the EB provides power to the faulty DN; The S51 specifically includes: S511. Establish an electric bus (EB) driving model and an EB path planning model in the traffic network to optimize the driving route from EB to CS. The EB driving model is as follows: ， ， （30）； ， （31）； ， （32）； in, is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is whether the available electric bus k (EBk) passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. represents the set of transportation network nodes, represents the set of electric buses EB, which are nodes in the transportation network; Set constraints on the EB driving model so that EB can smoothly pass through any node in the traffic network. The constraints on the EB driving model are as follows: ， ， （33）； The EB path planning model is as follows: （34）； in, is the starting point of the first section of the EBk driving route. is the starting point of the hth section in the EBk driving route, is the end point of the hth section of the EBk driving route, is the end point of EBk, EBk travels to The total number of nodes to pass through; S512. The calculation method of EB driving energy consumption considering driving speed is as follows: ， （35）； in, is the driving energy consumption of EB, is the driving speed on road ij, is the length of road ij, is a collection of traffic network segments; S513: The initial energy state of EB and the EB driving energy consumption satisfy the following constraints: （36）； in, is a Boolean variable indicating whether EBk passes through road ij during driving, which is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. is the initial state of charge (SOC) of the battery of EBk, is the battery capacity of the battery; When EBk reaches the recommended CS, the available energy of the EB battery is calculated by the following relationship: （37）； in is the available energy of the EB battery when EBk reaches the specified CS, The EB battery SOC after DN completes recovery; S514, calculating the available energy provided by the EB at the designated charging station i (CSi), and the calculation method of the available energy is as follows: ， （38）； in, is the discharge power of the EB battery at CSi at time t, is the time period duration, is the EB discharge efficiency, is a Boolean variable indicating whether EBk enters charging station i (CSi) at time t. If so, , , …, is 1, otherwise it is 0. is a collection of charging station nodes; The power supply capacity of the EB at CSi meets the following constraints: ， （39）； in , are the maximum power of EB charging and discharging respectively; The total number of EBs that supply power to the faulty DN through the CS and travel to the CS to supply power within the time when the faulty DN is restored Satisfies the following relationship: （40）； The time required for EB driving satisfies the following relationship: ， ， （41）； ， （42） （43）； in is the time required for EB to cross the road ij during driving, is the time required to reach road ij during driving, is the waiting time required by EB when the road ij is damaged and needs to be repaired by the repair team (RT), The time it takes for RT to repair the damaged road ij, is the starting point of the hth section in the EBk driving route, is the end point of the hth section of the EBk driving route, A collection of damaged roads.

7. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S5 also includes: S52, when the EB is driving to the CS, the repair team (RT) repairs the damaged road in the driving path; The S52 specifically includes: S521. Establish a repair path planning model for the repair team to optimize and recommend the driving path of the RT repair process; The repair team driving path model is established according to the repair team's driving path, and the repair team's driving path is RT site-damaged road-RT site. The repair team's driving path model is as follows: ， ， （44）； （45）； ， （46）； ， ， （47）； in, Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable that is 1 if yes and 0 otherwise. for the assembly of the maintenance team; Restoration conditions are set for damaged roads, and the restoration conditions are as follows: ， （48）； （49）； in, It is a Boolean variable indicating whether RTk passes through a damaged road. If yes, it is 1, otherwise it is 0. The number of damaged roads that need to be repaired for RT; Based on the repair team driving path model and repair conditions, the repair team repair path model is generated as follows: （50）； in, is the starting point of the first road segment that RTk passes through when moving from the (m-1)th damaged road to the mth damaged road, , They represent the starting point and end point of the hth road segment that RTk passes through when it moves from the (m-1)th damaged road to the mth damaged road. is the total number of nodes that RTk needs to pass through when moving from the (m-1)th damaged road to the mth damaged road; The time required for RT to reach the damaged road and repair the damaged road is calculated as follows: ， ， ， （51）； （52）； in, is the time it takes for RTk to reach the mth damaged road, is the total time required for RT to repair the mth damaged road, is the driving speed of RT on road ij, The time required for RT to repair damaged roads, Whether RT passes through the route during driving A Boolean variable, which is 1 if yes, and 0 otherwise; By summing (51) and (52), we get the following calculation formula: ， （53）； in It is the time required for RTk to repair the damaged road in the EB driving path.

8. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S6 includes: S61. Establish a coordinated load recovery function to solve the coordinated load recovery method that minimizes DN loss and maximizes TN benefit during DN failure and recovery. The coordinated load recovery function expression is as follows: （54）； in is the DN operating cost, is the TN income, and , The calculation method is as follows: （55）； in, is the outage cost of load level z in IB, is the operating cost of EPSE, The subsidy price paid by the power operator (PO) managing the DN to the transport operator (TO) managing the TN, is the penalty cost for network loss, The active output of the EPSE connected to node i, is the EB discharge efficiency; （56）； in, is the time cost coefficient of EB, is the cost coefficient of RT.

9. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 8, characterized in that: The S6 also includes: S62, solving the coordinated load recovery function by using the ADMM algorithm to obtain the optimal coordinated load recovery method; S621, decoupling TN and DN coupled by CS by using a node tearing method, decomposing the problem of solving the coordinated load recovery function into solving a sub-problem of TN and solving a sub-problem of DN; S622, solve the sub-problems of TN; S623. Solve the sub-problem of DN.

10. The method for coordinated load restoration of a power-transportation system taking building response into account according to claim 8, characterized in that: The S6 also includes: S63. Solve the collaborative load recovery function by using the AD-ADMM algorithm to obtain the optimal collaborative load recovery method.

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