High efficiency low power consumption large voltage range power harvesting circuit and device for magnetoelectric transducers

Abstract

The application provides a high-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy acquisition circuit and device of a magnetoelectric transducer, comprising: a magnetoelectric transducer output equivalent circuit, which is used for simulating the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric transducer; a frequency conversion matching impedance conversion circuit, which is used for conjugate matching the magnetoelectric transducer and an energy storage element when the impedance difference of the magnetoelectric transducer is greater than a preset threshold; the energy storage element, which is used for storing weak energy; a voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit, which is used for instantaneously outputting high power of the energy stored for a long time; and a self-powered control circuit, which is powered by the magnetoelectric transducer by using a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network, so that the voltage output from the magnetoelectric transducer to the control circuit is maintained at a preset value only near the peak point, and is rapidly attenuated at other times, thereby reducing energy consumption. The circuit has the advantages of high efficiency, low power consumption, no cold start and intermittent driving of large loads, and can be used for energy acquisition and management in many fields such as low-power-consumption self-powered sensor networks, Internet of Things and smart grids.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of self-powered sensing technology, in particular, to a high-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy extraction circuit and device of a magnetoelectric transducer. BACKGROUND

[0002] The magnetoelectric transducer is used in the field of high-sensitivity magnetic field detection due to its high magnetic-mechanical-electric conversion efficiency. It shows great advantages in network topology and fault diagnosis of power systems. When using its high-resolution sensing, it can also achieve high energy conversion to realize self-powered sensing and monitoring of power lines. Obviously, using the magnetoelectric transducer to obtain more energy efficiently is the key to realizing a self-powered sensor. Therefore, an energy extraction circuit that can capture the magnetic energy around the power line through the magnetoelectric transducer and convert it into electrical energy efficiently and with low power consumption is of great significance for the long-term and maintenance-free operation of self-powered sensor and monitoring systems.

[0003] The magnetoelectric transducer can be equivalent to a voltage source with capacitive internal resistance. It is very difficult to overcome the reactive power of the internal capacitance. Only when the energy extraction circuit is matched with the conjugate impedance of the magnetoelectric transducer can the maximum power output be obtained. The currently widely used energy extraction circuits mainly include three types: the first type is a standard circuit that converts alternating current signals into direct current through a full-bridge rectifier. Since no inductive element is used for matching, the conversion efficiency is very low. The second type is a combination of a switch and an inductive element. At this time, there is circuit resonance, but there is no conjugate impedance matching, and the efficiency still needs to be improved. The third type is to use a maximum power point circuit (MPPT). Since the control module has a large power consumption (usually more than several milliwatts), it is difficult to apply to energy collection and self-powered systems in small current (about 1-5 A) power lines. Therefore, a low-power-consumption conjugate impedance matching energy extraction circuit is needed to maximize the internal energy of the magnetoelectric transducer and supply power to the sensor and other electronic components.

[0004] The current alternating current power line operates at a frequency of 50 Hz, and the internal capacitance of the magnetoelectric transducer is relatively small (1-10 nF). To achieve impedance matching, the inductance of the energy extraction circuit needs to reach 1000-10000 H. Increasing the inductance directly not only increases the size, but also increases the distribution capacitance far beyond the internal capacitance of the magnetoelectric transducer, making it impossible to achieve efficient output. Therefore, the operating frequency needs to be increased to reduce the inductance value and achieve conjugate impedance matching. The control circuit of the usual energy extraction circuit has a large power consumption, which means that the energy extraction circuit has a high operating threshold. For usual small-current power line energy extraction, the high control circuit power consumption makes the energy extraction efficiency low, and the starting power threshold is also very high, which limits its application. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a super-low-power-consumption (below 10 μW) and high-efficiency (more than 80%) magnetoelectric self-powered energy extraction circuit to extract the magnetic field energy around the power line in a small current environment and power the power line sensing, detection, and monitoring system.

[0005] Patent application document CN104578786A discloses a kind of magnetic energy self-conversion electric energy AC-DC interconversion circuit, main structure includes output circuit, rectifier, frequency converter, input circuit and input multi-output transformer etc. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a high-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy extraction circuit and device for magneto-electric transducers.

[0007] According to the present application, a high-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy extraction circuit for magneto-electric transducers is provided, comprising:

[0008] A magneto-electric transducer output equivalent circuit is used to simulate the output characteristics of the magneto-electric transducer.

[0009] A frequency-matching impedance conversion circuit is used to perform conjugate matching between the magneto-electric transducer and the energy storage element when the impedance difference between them is greater than a preset threshold.

[0010] An energy storage element is used to store weak energy.

[0011] A voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit is used to output high power instantaneously from the stored energy over a long period of time.

[0012] A self-powered control circuit is powered by a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network, so that the voltage output by the magneto-electric transducer to the control circuit is maintained at a preset value only near the peak point, and rapidly decays at other times, reducing energy consumption.

[0013] The magneto-electric transducer is connected to the frequency-matching impedance conversion circuit and the self-powered control circuit; the frequency-matching impedance conversion circuit is connected to the energy storage element; the energy storage element is connected to the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit; and the self-powered control circuit is connected to the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit.

[0014] Preferably, the frequency-matching impedance conversion circuit comprises a frequency-matching circuit and a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit; the frequency-matching circuit is connected to the magneto-electric transducer output equivalent circuit and the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, and the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit is connected to the energy storage element; so that the small internal capacitance of the magneto-electric transducer and the large energy storage supercapacitor are conjugately matched.

[0015] Preferably, the self-powered control circuit comprises a high-impedance circuit, a peak point circuit, a differential circuit, a delay circuit, and a threshold control circuit connected in sequence.

[0016] The high impedance circuit is connected with an equivalent circuit of a magneto-electric transducer output, the differential circuit is connected with a frequency conversion matching circuit, the delay circuit is connected with a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, and the threshold control circuit is connected with a voltage-stabilized momentary discharge circuit.

[0017] The high impedance circuit is used to output the magneto-electric transducer to provide a low-power supply for the self-powered control circuit.

[0018] The peak point circuit is used to determine the accurate time of the peak value.

[0019] The differential circuit is used to output a pulse to the frequency conversion matching circuit.

[0020] The delay circuit is used to provide a control signal for the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit.

[0021] The threshold control circuit is used to generate a gate signal according to the output voltage of the energy storage element, control the voltage-stabilized momentary discharge circuit to perform DC-DC conversion, and provide a power supply output for the load.

[0022] Preferably, the magneto-electric transducer comprises a capacitor and a voltage source connected in series with an inductor and a switch, and the low-frequency signal is tuned to the resonant frequency of the capacitor and the inductor by turning on and off the switch, so as to realize frequency conversion matching.

[0023] Preferably, the inductor is replaced by a transformer for impedance conversion; a full-bridge rectifier is added to the input end of the transformer and the switch, and after frequency conversion matching, the energy is temporarily stored on the capacitor through the diode, and when the voltage of the capacitor reaches the maximum, a narrow pulse signal controls the switch to be turned on, and the capacitor energy is converted to the energy storage super capacitor through the transformer and the rectifier diode.

[0024] Preferably, the resistor and the capacitor are connected to form an integration circuit; the resistor, the capacitor and the voltage stabilizing tube are connected in sequence to form a reference circuit; the output voltage of the integration circuit and the reference voltage form a delay circuit through a comparator to generate a delay pulse for controlling the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit.

[0025] Preferably, the voltage on the energy storage element and the reference voltage form a threshold circuit through a comparator, and when the voltage on the energy storage element is lower than the reference voltage, the output voltage of the comparator is high; and when the voltage on the energy storage element is higher than the reference voltage, the output voltage of the comparator is low, and the voltage-stabilized momentary discharge circuit is started.

[0026] Preferably, the comparator adopts an open output with a pull-up resistor.

[0027] Preferably, the threshold circuit output is connected with the external control through a resistor, when the voltage of the threshold circuit output at the automatic control end is low, the voltage stabilizing transient discharge circuit works, so that the voltage on the energy storage element outputs a stable voltage through the DC-DC conversion circuit; even if the voltage on the energy storage element does not reach the threshold, as long as the external control is low, the DC-DC conversion circuit is still started.

[0028] The application provides a high-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy taking device of a magneto-electric transducer.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The circuit of the application adopts a high-efficiency frequency conversion conjugate impedance matching working mode, converts 50Hz power frequency energy into high-frequency energy, thereby greatly reducing the volume of the matching inductor, and through impedance conversion of the transformer, the conjugate impedance matching of the magneto-electric transducer and the energy taking circuit is realized, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.

[0031] (2) According to the energy conversion characteristics of the magneto-electric transducer, the circuit of the application can obtain all energy only in a very short time range at the maximum voltage point of the magneto-electric transducer, and the control circuit only needs to work at the peak point for a very short time, thereby greatly reducing the power consumption of the circuit and greatly reducing the threshold value of the circuit.

[0032] (3) The circuit of the application adopts an ultra-low-power-consumption high-efficiency energy conversion method, avoids the defects of large power consumption and low efficiency of the traditional energy taking circuit, can be integrated into a small, single-chip, low-power-consumption energy taking integrated circuit, and is applied to many fields such as ultra-low-power-consumption self-powered sensor networks, Internet of Things and smart grids. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the application will become more apparent through reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 The application is a high-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy taking circuit of a magneto-electric transducer;

[0035] Figure 2 The application is a typical frequency conversion matching circuit schematic diagram provided by the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 3 The application is a frequency conversion matching circuit and a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit schematic diagram provided by the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 4 The application is a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network schematic diagram provided by the embodiment;

[0038] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the peak point circuit, the differential circuit and the delay circuit in the control circuit provided for the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the threshold circuit provided for the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the voltage-stabilized transient circuit provided for the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] The present application utilizes a variable frequency matching impedance conversion circuit composed of a variable frequency matching circuit and a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit to conjugately match a magnetoelectric transducer and an energy storage element with a very large impedance difference, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency from the magnetoelectric transducer to the energy storage element; the variable frequency matching circuit generates a pulse signal V C The control electronic switch is intermittently turned on and off, and the inductance is tuned and matched, so that the low-frequency magnetoelectric signal (such as 50Hz) becomes a higher frequency signal; the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit can reduce the loss caused by the large difference between the capacitance in the signal source and the load capacitance; the control circuit is powered by a self-powered mode, and the energy source is derived from the magnetoelectric transducer; in order to reduce the power loss caused by the control circuit, the control circuit adopts a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network for power supply, so that the voltage output from the magnetoelectric transducer to the control circuit only maintains a preset value near the peak point, and rapidly decays at other times, reducing the overall control circuit loss; since the energy of the magnetoelectric transducer is converted to the internal capacitance C P Output, when the open-circuit voltage is highest, the power is maximum, only the energy at this point is output efficiently, and the energy of the magnetoelectric transducer at other times is gradually converted to the capacitance C P stores energy, maintaining the output energy for the next time, and the control voltage V CThe narrow pulse signal is at the maximum point of the output voltage of the magneto-electric transducer, and the duty cycle is usually less than 1%; the peak point circuit is used to determine the position of the maximum point of the output voltage of the magneto-electric transducer; the differential circuit is used to output a very narrow pulse signal at the point, so that the energy output of the high-efficiency magneto-electric transducer is ensured; the delay circuit is used to efficiently convert the energy of the intermediate capacitor in the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit to the energy storage element; the energy storage element can be a super capacitor or a rechargeable battery; considering the number of repeated charging of the energy source and the possibility that the input signal is very weak, a super capacitor with a large capacitance value is selected to store the weak energy; in order to provide the weak energy to the electronic device, a long time is needed to store energy in the energy storage element, and the energy is intermittently output in a high power, so that the voltage on the energy storage element is monitored by the threshold control circuit, and when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, the threshold control circuit automatically controls the work of the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit, and the high-efficiency output fixed voltage is used to drive the high-power load to work; for some special requirements, the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit can also be controlled by an external control V h The principle block diagram of the high-efficiency, low-power-consumption and large-voltage-range energy taking circuit of the magneto-electric transducer is shown in Figure 1 .

[0043] The energy taking method adopts frequency conversion matching and multi-stage impedance conversion, so that the small internal capacitor of the magneto-electric transducer and the large energy storage super capacitor are conjugate matched, and the efficiency of the output to the large energy storage super capacitor is higher than that of the traditional energy taking circuit. The control circuit adopts a very narrow pulse, which can not only efficiently control the frequency conversion matching, but also greatly reduce the power consumption of the control circuit and reduce the starting threshold of the whole circuit. The high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network is used to supply power to the control circuit, so that the control circuit has strong driving ability only near the peak value, the power consumption is reduced and the efficiency is improved, and the circuit does not need cold start. For weak magneto-electric transducer signals, the energy is stored for a long time and released instantaneously, so that the output power is greatly improved, and the weak magneto-electric energy can also drive a load with large current. Due to the high efficiency, low power consumption and no cold start, the circuit can also intermittently drive a larger load, and can be used for energy collection and management in many fields such as low-power self-powered sensor network, Internet of Things and smart grid.

[0044] The technical solutions of the present application are as follows:

[0045] The high-efficiency, low-power-consumption and large-voltage-range energy taking circuit of the magneto-electric transducer comprises a frequency conversion matching circuit connected with the magneto-electric transducer, a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, an energy storage element and a voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit. -8 ~10 -9), the general matching circuit can not realize the conjugate matching, so the variable frequency matching and multi-stage impedance conversion circuit controlled by narrow pulse are adopted to realize the high efficiency and low power consumption energy conversion. The voltage stabilizing and instantaneous discharge circuit improves the driving capacity of the energy extraction circuit through long time energy storage and instantaneous high power output;

[0046] The magnetic-electric transducer outputs a low power supply for the self-powered control circuit through the high impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network. The power supply is also an alternating current signal. The control circuit generates a peak narrow pulse only when working near the voltage maximum point, thereby reducing the power consumption. The peak point circuit determines the accurate peak time, and the differential circuit outputs a very narrow pulse V C , which is provided to the variable frequency matching circuit. The delay circuit provides a control signal V D to the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit. The threshold control circuit generates a gate signal according to the output voltage of the energy storage element to control the DC-DC conversion of the voltage stabilizing and instantaneous discharge circuit, thereby providing a high efficiency and large power supply output for the load. Since the control circuit only works near the peak point, the power consumption is extremely low, and cold start is not needed, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of the energy extraction circuit and reducing the starting threshold.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] In the energy extraction circuit Figure 1 , a matching circuit needs to be connected to maximize the extraction of the energy of the magnetic-electric transducer. Since the magnetic-electric transducer is placed near the power line and works at a frequency of 50 Hz, a nearly ten thousand henry inductor needs to be connected for direct matching. Obviously, the distribution capacitance brought by the nearly ten thousand henry inductor is much larger than the internal capacitance of the magnetic-electric transducer, causing huge loss. Therefore, the matching frequency needs to be increased (such as above 1 kHz) to reduce the matching inductance value, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency. A typical variable frequency matching circuit is shown in Figure 2 . The low frequency signal is tuned to the resonance frequency of C P and L1 by switching K1, thereby realizing variable frequency matching. Since the capacitance of the magnetic-electric transducer C P is too different from that of the energy storage element, even if the inductor in Figure 2 is replaced by a transformer, it is difficult to meet the impedance conversion of such a large difference. Therefore, the variable frequency matching circuit is combined with a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, as shown in Figure 3 . The difference from Figure 2 is that the inductor L1 is replaced by a transformer T1 to perform the first impedance conversion, and a full-bridge rectifier is added to make the control circuit simpler. After the first variable frequency matching, the energy is temporarily stored on the capacitor C1 through the diode D5. When the voltage of the capacitor C1 reaches the maximum, the narrow pulse signal V D controls the switch K2 to be turned on, and the energy of the capacitor C1 is converted to the energy storage super capacitor C stAbove. Due to the addition of intermediate capacitor C1, the original C P and C st Large capacitance difference (e.g., C) P =1nF,C st =0.1F, a difference of 10 -8 ), respectively become C P and C1 (e.g., C) P =1nF, C1=10μF, a difference of 10 -4 C1 and C st (For example, C1 = 10 μF, C st =0.1F, a difference of 10 -4 The matching of the two sets of capacitors can be achieved efficiently due to the reduced impedance difference and the use of a transformer for impedance transformation. Of course, for cases where the capacitance difference between the magnetoelectric transducer and the energy storage element is even greater, an additional impedance transformation circuit can be added to reduce losses caused by excessive capacitance difference during impedance matching.

[0049] The control circuit is powered by a magnetoelectric transducer. Figure 3 Because a full-bridge rectifier circuit is used, only V needs to be output from the full-bridge rectifier. RECT The power supply to the control circuit avoids further rectification of the AC signal. To reduce the power consumption of the control circuit, the voltage divider impedance needs to be increased. However, too small a current is insufficient for the comparator to operate. Therefore, a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network is designed, such as... Figure 4 As shown. Due to the presence of capacitor C3, there is some driving capability at the peak point, but the overall power consumption is not increased. The entire circuit, after reasonable design, has an input voltage V... RECT and output voltage V A With zero phase shift, the impedance is significantly improved, enhancing both impedance and peak instantaneous drive capability. R3 represents the input impedance of the control circuit. Because this circuit has a very high impedance while simultaneously driving the control circuit with a very weak current—a capability that resistor dividers lack—it can accommodate a very wide range of voltage variations, ensuring sufficient energy is provided to the control circuit without damaging its active components.

[0050] Since the control circuit only operates near the peak point, the power supply for the peak point circuit is an AC signal, and near the peak point, comparator U1 outputs V. B This is the pulse signal at the peak point. V B The pulse signal passes through a differentiating circuit constructed with capacitor C5 and resistor R4, outputting a very narrow pulse signal V. C This signal enables the frequency conversion matching circuit to achieve efficient output, such as the peak point circuit and the differentiating circuit. Figure 5 As shown.

[0051] The resistor R5 and the capacitor C6 constitute an integration circuit, the resistor R6, the capacitor C7 and the voltage stabilizer D8 constitute a reference circuit, the output voltage of the integration circuit and the reference voltage pass through the comparator U2 to constitute a delay circuit, generating a delay pulse V D , to control the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, as shown in Figure 5 . Since Figure 3 C1 is small, the voltage on it quickly reaches the maximum, thus the delay time of the pulse V D is short, and the power supply is also provided by the series-parallel network output voltage V A . Since the control circuit only works near the peak point, it is also why the high impedance circuit of Figure 4 is used to supply weak power, so that the total power consumption of the control circuit is greatly reduced.

[0052] The threshold circuit is shown in Figure 6 . The resistor R7, the capacitor C8 and the voltage stabilizer D9 constitute a reference circuit, and the voltage V Cst on the energy storage element and the reference voltage pass through the comparator U3 to constitute a threshold circuit. When V Cst is lower than the reference voltage, the output voltage V G of the comparator is high; when V Cst is higher than the reference voltage, the output voltage V G of the comparator is low, starting the transient circuit. The output voltage V G of the comparator automatically starts the voltage-stabilized transient circuit. Considering that there is also an external circuit to control the start of the voltage-stabilized transient circuit, the comparator U3 is used in the output open circuit with an upper pull resistor R8.

[0053] The voltage-stabilized transient circuit is composed of a DC-DC conversion circuit, as shown in Figure 7 . The output V G of the threshold circuit is connected with the external control through the resistor R 10 . When the voltage of the automatic control end V G is low, the transient circuit works, so that the voltage V Cst on the energy storage element is output as a stable voltage (such as 3.3V) through the DC-DC conversion circuit; even if the voltage on the energy storage element does not reach the threshold, as long as the external control is low, the DC-DC conversion circuit is still started.

[0054] The power line of the magneto-electric transducer is efficient, low-power and large-voltage-range, and the taking power circuit is controlled by a very narrow pulse control signal and a special resistor-capacitor series-parallel network, with a power consumption reduced by more than two orders of magnitude compared with the usual circuit, a greatly reduced starting power, and a ensured taking power in a weak energy environment. The voltage range of its work is also improved by several times, improving the adaptability of the circuit to the large change of the power taking environment in the power system.

[0055] Embodiment 2

[0056] Embodiment 1 Figure 3 The multiple transformers in the above embodiment 1 can be replaced by multiple tapped transformers, and the same result can be obtained. Since the input and output of the tapped transformer are not electrically isolated, although the same high energy conversion is obtained, the magnetic-electric transducer will also be affected if a higher voltage appears, especially the output ground which can be directly connected to the magnetic-electric transducer. The impact on the load must be considered.

[0057] Embodiment 3

[0058] Embodiment 1 Figure 3 The multiple transformers in the above embodiment 1 can be replaced by piezoelectric transformers, which can also isolate the magnetic-electric transducer and the load as the isolation transformer, and the volume can be reduced. However, the energy conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer is far lower than that of the transformer with coil winding, so the energy conversion efficiency of the energy harvesting circuit will be reduced.

[0059] Embodiment 4

[0060] Embodiment 1 Figure 7 The DC-DC conversion circuit in the above embodiment 1 can be replaced by a low dropout linear regulator (LDO), which can obtain an output with smaller harmonics, but the voltage on the energy storage element must be higher than the output voltage, and the efficiency of the low dropout linear regulator is low, the energy loss is large, which will cause a large waste of energy harvesting, reduce the size of the load to obtain energy, and reduce the energy conversion efficiency of the entire circuit.

[0061] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0062] Those skilled in the art know that in addition to implementing the system, device and each module thereof provided by the present application in a pure computer readable program code manner, the same program can also be realized in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers and embedded microcontrollers by logically programming the method steps. Therefore, the system, device and each module thereof provided by the present application can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included therein for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures within the hardware component; the modules for implementing various functions can also be considered as both software programs for implementing methods and structures within hardware components.

[0063] The specific embodiments of the present application are described above. It needs to be understood that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and various changes or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essential content of the present application. The embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other at will without conflict.

Claims

1. A high efficiency low power consumption large voltage range power extraction circuit for a magneto-electric transducer, characterized by, The application relates to a magnetic-electric transducer output equivalent circuit for simulating the output characteristics of a magnetic-electric transducer, a variable-frequency matching impedance conversion circuit for conjugately matching the magnetic-electric transducer with an energy storage element when the impedance difference is greater than a preset threshold, an energy storage element for storing weak energy, a voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit for long-time energy storage and instantaneous high-power output, and a self-powered control circuit powered by a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network, so that the voltage output by the magnetic-electric transducer to the control circuit is maintained at a preset value only near the peak point and rapidly attenuated at other times, thereby reducing the power consumption of the control circuit. The magnetic-electric transducer is connected with the variable-frequency matching impedance conversion circuit and the self-powered control circuit; the variable-frequency matching impedance conversion circuit is connected with the energy storage element; the energy storage element is connected with the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit; and the self-powered control circuit is connected with the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit. The variable-frequency matching impedance conversion circuit comprises a variable-frequency matching circuit and a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit; the variable-frequency matching circuit is connected with the magnetic-electric transducer and the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, and the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit is connected with the energy storage element; so that the small internal capacitance of the magnetic-electric transducer and the large energy storage super capacitor are conjugately matched. Each stage of the impedance conversion circuit comprises a transformer, a switch, a rectifier diode and a capacitor, wherein the primary side of the transformer is connected with the switch in series, and the secondary side stores energy on the capacitor through the rectifier diode. The self-powered control circuit comprises a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network circuit, a peak point circuit, a differential circuit, a delay circuit and a threshold control circuit connected in sequence. The high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network circuit is connected with the magnetic-electric transducer, the differential circuit is connected with the variable-frequency matching circuit, the delay circuit is connected with the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, and the threshold control circuit is connected with the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit. The high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network circuit is used for outputting the magnetic-electric transducer to provide a low-power power supply for the self-powered control circuit. The peak point circuit is used for determining the accurate time of the peak value. The differential circuit is used for outputting a pulse to the variable-frequency matching circuit.

2. The high efficient low power consumption large voltage range energy harvesting circuit of magneto-electric transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delay circuit is used for providing a control signal for the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit. The threshold control circuit is used for generating a gate signal according to the output voltage of the energy storage element to control the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit to perform DC-DC conversion and provide a power supply output for a load. The resistor and the capacitor are connected to form an integration circuit; the resistor, the capacitor and a voltage stabilizing tube are connected in sequence to form a reference circuit. The output voltage of the integration circuit and the reference voltage form a delay circuit through a comparator to generate a delay pulse for controlling the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit. The voltage on the energy storage element and the reference voltage form a threshold control circuit through a comparator; when the voltage on the energy storage element is lower than the reference voltage, the output voltage of the comparator is high; and when the voltage on the energy storage element is higher than the reference voltage, the output voltage of the comparator is low to start the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit. The comparator adopts an open-circuit output with a pull-up resistor. ​ 3. The high efficient low power consumption large voltage range energy harvesting circuit of magneto-electric transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, ​ ​ 4. The high efficient low power consumption large voltage range energy harvesting circuit of magneto-electric transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, ​ 5. The high efficient low power consumption large voltage range energy harvesting circuit of magneto-electric transducer according to claim 4, characterized in that, ​ 6. The high efficient low power consumption large voltage range energy harvesting circuit of magneto-electric transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The threshold control circuit output is connected with external control through a resistor, when the voltage output of the threshold control circuit at the automatic control end is low, the voltage on the energy storage element is outputted through the DC-DC conversion circuit to make the voltage stable; even if the voltage on the energy storage element does not reach the threshold, as long as the external control is low, the DC-DC conversion circuit is still started.

7. A high efficiency low power consumption large voltage range power taking device of a magneto-electric transducer, characterized in that, The high-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy-taking circuit comprising the magnetoelectric transducer of any one of claims 1 to 6.

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