Fertilizing method for stabilizing yield of late-sowing dry land winter wheat

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing method for stabilizing the yield of winter wheat in late-sowing dry land, and belongs to the field of winter wheat planting.The fertilizing method comprises the following steps that 1, a planting area is divided into three groups, each group comprises three land parcels, and the three groups of land parcels are sown at different time; (2) before winter wheat is sown, land preparation is conducted on a land parcel; (3) after soil preparation, no fertilizer is applied to one land parcel in each group of land parcels, pure inorganic fertilizer is applied to one land parcel, and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied to the other land parcel; (4) sowing winter wheat on the land parcels; (5) applying pesticide and weeding; 6) performing pest control; the winter wheat cultivation method has the advantages that winter wheat cultivation is achieved through different late sowing conditions of winter wheat and an organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application method, the problems of dysplasia, yield reduction and the like after late sowing of winter wheat can be reduced, and soil fertility can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of winter wheat planting, and in particular to a fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat. Background Art

[0002] The sowing date has a great influence on the growth process of wheat. Proper sowing is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in the early growth stage of wheat, reduces ineffective tillering, improves the quality of the group, and thus increases the yield, which is of great significance for achieving stable and high yields of wheat. However, due to human or bad weather reasons, late sowing is inevitable. If the sowing date is too late, the accumulated temperature of wheat before wintering is too low, resulting in restricted tillering. The group is weak and easily affected by low temperatures in winter. In the late growth stage, the temperature rises sharply, the wheat is not fully filled, and is easily ripened by high temperature, which is not conducive to the good development of the grain, thus affecting the yield and thousand-grain quality.

[0003] Fertilizer is the main way to increase food production, but long-term application of fertilizer can easily cause soil compaction. When excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer exceeds the soil's retention capacity, it will cause agricultural non-point source pollution, cause eutrophication of water bodies, and damage the water environment.

[0004] The application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase soil nutrients, reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and thus improve soil fertility. However, compared with chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers have the disadvantages of low nutrient content, slow release rate, and incomplete nutrient release in the season, which is not conducive to the early absorption of nutrients by crops and ultimately affects yields.

[0005] The use of a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is one of the important measures to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to stabilize wheat yields. It can improve the soil nitrogen supply process, release soil nutrients smoothly, and reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in farmland. It has many functions, such as fertilizing the soil, preventing soil acidification and salinization, and increasing yields and economic benefits. However, there is still a gap in the research on the specific ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers for winter wheat yields and soil fertility improvement. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat, which is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0007] A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Select areas with suitable light conditions, soil types, terrain conditions, and altitudes for planting winter wheat, divide the planting areas into three groups, each group includes three plots, determine the sowing time of winter wheat planting in the area, and sow winter wheat in the three groups of plots at the sowing time, ten days after the sowing time, and twenty days after the sowing time respectively;

[0009] 2) Before sowing winter wheat, prepare the land;

[0010] 3) After land preparation, one of the plots in each group was not fertilized, one of the plots was fertilized with pure inorganic fertilizer, and the other plot was fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers. The fertilizers fertilized on the plots were turned into the soil by a rotary tiller;

[0011] 4) Dig furrows on the plots to sow winter wheat, with a row spacing of 20 cm and a sowing rate of 187.5 kg / ha;

[0012] 5) Apply pesticides to control weeds after winter wheat reaches the three-leaf stage;

[0013] 6) After 40 days of weeding, spray 20 ml of Bayer WenTeng, 40 ml of biphenyl. Ambroxan and 4 grams of Ambroxan per mu for pest control. The composition of Bayer WenTeng sprayed is 10% oxime + 20% tebuconazole;

[0014] 7) Harvest winter wheat, collect statistics, and draw conclusions.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1), the lighting condition is 8-10 hours of lighting time per day; the soil type is mainly Lou soil, and has a mostly granular structure; the terrain condition is a slope of <25°, a single block area of ​​≥0.04hm2; and the altitude is 400-700m.

[0016] Preferably, in the step 2), when tilling the land, the rotary tillage depth is 5-10 cm.

[0017] Preferably, in step 3), the inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the organic fertilizer is a bio-organic fertilizer of decomposed feed.

[0018] Preferably, for the plots where pure inorganic fertilizers are spread, the application standards of N, P and K elements are 225kg / ha, 120kg / ha and 50kg / ha respectively;

[0019] For the plots where organic and inorganic fertilizers were applied, the N application standard was 225 kg / ha, and organic fertilizer and urea were spread at a nitrogen application standard of 3:7, with an organic fertilizer application rate of 3.18 t / ha; superphosphate was spread at a P standard of 120 kg / ha; and potassium sulfate was spread at a K standard of 50 kg / ha.

[0020] Preferably, in step 7), the number of effective ears, number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, and yield of different plots under different late sowing conditions are counted to determine the impact of different fertilization conditions on wheat yield.

[0021] Preferably, in step 7), the soil organic carbon storage of different plots under different late sowing conditions is counted to determine the impact of different fertilization conditions on soil fertility.

[0022] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention realizes winter wheat cultivation through different late sowing conditions of winter wheat and the method of applying organic and inorganic fertilizers. Compared with the prior art, this cultivation method can alleviate the problems of poor development and yield reduction of winter wheat after late sowing in different time periods due to human factors or bad weather, improve nitrogen utilization rate, and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, improve soil environment, and improve soil fertility, so as to achieve stable and increased yield of winter wheat to a certain extent. At the same time, under the condition of late sowing of winter wheat in different time periods, a reference is provided for the fertilization strategy of applying organic and inorganic fertilizers with reduced nitrogen and increased efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat, the method comprising the following steps:

[0025] 1) Select areas with suitable light conditions, soil types, terrain conditions, and altitudes for planting winter wheat, divide the planting area into three groups, each group includes three plots, determine the sowing time of winter wheat in this area, and sow winter wheat in the three groups of plots at the sowing time, ten days after the sowing time, and twenty days after the sowing time, respectively.

[0026] The light conditions are 8-10 hours of sunshine a day; the soil type is mainly loess, and the soil structure is mostly granular; the terrain conditions are slope <25°, single block area ≥0.04hm2; the altitude is 400-700m.

[0027] Determine that the normal sowing time of local farmers is S (October 14), then the first late sowing is S1 (October 24), and the second late sowing is S2 (November 3).

[0028] 2) Before sowing winter wheat, the land is prepared.

[0029] When preparing the land, the rotary tillage depth is 5-10cm. After tilling, the surface should be kept flat, the field should be tilled neatly, the soil should be broken up and turned well, the surface vegetation should be evenly buried, and there should be no stubble on the surface.

[0030] 3) After land preparation, one of the plots in each group was not fertilized, one of the plots was fertilized with pure inorganic fertilizer, and the other plot was fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers. The fertilizers fertilized on the plots were turned into the soil by a rotary tiller.

[0031] Inorganic fertilizers include urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and organic fertilizers are bio-organic fertilizers made from decomposed feed. The element content of each fertilizer is: urea (N=46%), superphosphate (P=16%), potassium sulfate (K=52%), and organic fertilizer (N=2.12%, organic matter 47.4%).

[0032] For the plots where pure inorganic fertilizers were spread, the application standards for N, P and K elements were 225kg / ha, 120kg / ha and 50kg / ha respectively;

[0033] For the plots where organic and inorganic fertilizers were applied, the N application standard was 225 kg / ha, and organic fertilizer and urea were spread at a nitrogen application standard of 3:7, with an organic fertilizer application rate of 3.18 t / ha; superphosphate was spread at a P standard of 120 kg / ha; and potassium sulfate was spread at a K standard of 50 kg / ha.

[0034] The plots without fertilizer were marked as CK.

[0035] The plots where pure inorganic fertilizers are applied are denoted as N, where:

[0036] The application rate of urea is: 225 / 46% = 489.13 kg / ha;

[0037] The application rate of superphosphate is: 120 / 16% = 750 kg / ha;

[0038] The application rate of potassium sulfate is: 50 / 52%=96.15 kg / ha.

[0039] The plots with a nitrogen application standard of 3:7 between organic fertilizer and urea are recorded as MN, where:

[0040] The application rates of superphosphate and potassium sulfate were 750kg / ha and 96.15kg / ha respectively;

[0041] Suppose the application rates of organic fertilizer and urea are Xkg / ha and Ykg / ha respectively.

[0042] Then X*2.12%+Y*46%=225; (X*2.12%) / (Y*46%)=3 / 7;

[0043] Then X=3.18t, Y=342kg.

[0044] 4) Furrows were dug on the plots for sowing winter wheat, with a row spacing of 20 cm and a sowing rate of 187.5 kg / ha.

[0045] Select a high-yield, high-quality, and good-resistant wheat variety. The wheat variety selected in the present invention is Xinong 165. The planting time of the three groups of plots is S (October 14), so the first late sowing is S1 (October 24), the second late sowing is S2 (November 3)

[0046] 5) After winter wheat reaches the three-leaf stage, apply pesticides to control weeds.

[0047] In this application, the weeding time is March 11 of the following year. The pesticide should be applied after the winter wheat reaches the three-leaf stage and when the weeds are basically out. Avoid applying the pesticide in bad weather.

[0048] 6) After 40 days of weeding, spray 20 ml of Bayer WenTeng, 40 ml of biphenyl. Cyclocloprid and 4 grams of Cyclocloprid per mu for pest and disease control. The composition of Bayer WenTeng sprayed is 10% oxime + 20% tebuconazole.

[0049] On April 20, field disease and pest control work was carried out.

[0050] 7) Harvest winter wheat, collect statistics, and draw conclusions.

[0051] Winter wheat is harvested in early June.

[0052] The number of effective ears, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, and yield of different plots under different late sowing conditions were statistically analyzed to determine the effects of different fertilization conditions on wheat yield (Table 1).

[0053] Table 1 Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on winter wheat yield and its component factors under late sowing conditions in different time periods.

[0054]

[0055] It can be seen from the above table that under different sowing times S, S1, and S2, MN showed good effects to varying degrees in terms of the number of effective ears, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, and yield.

[0056] Under S conditions, MN had a significant effect on increasing winter wheat yield. Compared with CK, it not only achieved a certain increase in yield, but also replaced a large amount of chemical fertilizer application in a certain proportion, effectively reducing soil environmental pressure.

[0057] Under S1 conditions, compared with N, MN had a general effect on increasing winter wheat yield, but to a certain extent, it had a positive effect on the growth and stable yield of winter wheat.

[0058] Under S2 conditions, MN had a significant effect on stabilizing and increasing winter wheat yields. Compared with N, it not only increased yields by 18.3%, but also fully demonstrated the advantages of reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency by partially replacing chemical fertilizers.

[0059] The above results show that the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers can achieve stable and high yields of winter wheat under late sowing conditions in different time periods. In the actual production process, if the S2 sowing period is used, the MN organic and inorganic fertilizer combination can be considered to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, reduce nitrogen and increase efficiency, and effectively alleviate the situation of poor grain development and yield reduction caused by late sowing of winter wheat in different time periods due to human factors or bad weather.

[0060] The soil organic carbon storage of different plots under different late sowing conditions was statistically analyzed to determine the effects of different fertilization conditions on soil fertility (Table 2).

[0061] Table 2 Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon storage of winter wheat under late sowing conditions at different time periods

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from the above table, in S1 and S2, the soil organic carbon storage of MN treated with a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers was significantly improved compared with the control and inorganic fertilizer treatments. MN increased to varying degrees in the three sowing periods, which not only achieved the purpose of reducing the application of chemical fertilizers with a smaller amount of organic fertilizer, but also showed a good effect of improving soil fertility and slowing down the decline in winter wheat yield under late sowing conditions. It shows that it has significant advantages in improving the soil nitrogen supply process and promoting the smooth release of soil nutrients, and has obvious benefits in fertilizing the soil. However, in the production process, it is still necessary to combine the actual situation and comprehensively consider factors such as yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and soil organic carbon storage to evaluate its application effect and method.

[0064] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) Select areas with suitable light conditions, soil types, terrain conditions, and altitudes for planting winter wheat, divide the planting areas into three groups, each group includes three plots, determine the sowing time of winter wheat planting in the area, and sow winter wheat in the three groups of plots at the sowing time, ten days after the sowing time, and twenty days after the sowing time respectively; 2) Before sowing winter wheat, prepare the land; 3) After land preparation, one of the plots in each group was not fertilized, one of the plots was fertilized with pure inorganic fertilizer, and the other plot was fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers. The fertilizers fertilized on the plots were turned into the soil by a rotary tiller; 4) Dig furrows on the plots to sow winter wheat, with a row spacing of 20 cm and a sowing rate of 187.5 kg / ha; 5) Apply pesticides to control weeds after winter wheat reaches the three-leaf stage; 6) After 40 days of weeding, spray 20 ml of Bayer WenTeng, 40 ml of biphenyl. Ambroxan and 4 grams of Ambroxan per mu for pest control. The composition of Bayer WenTeng sprayed is 10% oxime + 20% tebuconazole; 7) Harvest winter wheat, collect statistics, and draw conclusions.

2. A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), the light condition is 8-10 hours of light per day; the soil type is mainly Lou soil, and the soil has a mostly granular structure; the terrain condition is a slope of <25°, a single block area of ​​≥0.04hm2; and the altitude is 400-700m.

3. A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), when tilling the land, the rotary tillage depth is 5-10 cm.

4. A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3), the inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the organic fertilizer is a bio-organic fertilizer of rotten feed.

5. A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat according to claim 4, characterized in that: For the plots where pure inorganic fertilizers were spread, the application standards for N, P and K elements were 225kg / ha, 120kg / ha and 50kg / ha respectively; For the plots where organic and inorganic fertilizers were applied, the N application standard was 225 kg / ha, and organic fertilizer and urea were spread at a nitrogen application standard of 3:7, with an organic fertilizer application rate of 3.18 t / ha; superphosphate was spread at a P standard of 120 kg / ha; and potassium sulfate was spread at a K standard of 50 kg / ha.

6. A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 7), the number of effective ears, number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, and yield of different plots under different late sowing conditions are counted to determine the impact of different fertilization conditions on wheat yield.

7. A fertilization method for stabilizing the yield of late-sown dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7), the soil organic carbon storage of different plots under different late sowing conditions is counted to determine the impact of different fertilization conditions on soil fertility.

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