Single-opening potato seed bowl type precise seeding unit of potato seeder

Abstract

The invention provides a single-opening potato seed bowl-type precise seeding unit of a potato seeder, which is characterized in that a mounting rack is mounted on a rack of the potato seeder, a potato seed hopper is mounted on a rear plate surface of a mounting plate of the mounting rack, a shield is mounted on a front plate surface of the mounting plate, and a potato guide cylinder is arranged in the shield; guide plates are arranged at the bottom end of the potato guide cylinder, and the two guide plates are respectively arranged at the joints of the linear sections on the two sides and the arc-shaped section at the bottom of the potato guide cylinder; a mounting seat is arranged on one side of the single-opening potato seed bowl of the conveying device, and a groove is formed in the outer edge, far away from the mounting seat, of the convex surface; a conveying belt is hung on a driving roller and a driven roller which are supported on the mounting frame, two rows of convex blocks are arranged on the annular inner surface of the conveying belt, and two rows of single-opening potato seed bowls are arranged on the annular outer surface of the conveying belt; the shaking device is installed on the installation frame and located below a driving roller of the conveying device and in a ring of the conveying belt. The seeder is high in seeding precision and good in row spacing uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention provides a single-mouth potato seed bowl type precision sowing unit of a potato planter, belongs to the field of potato planting full-process mechanized equipment, and is mainly used for precisely sowing potato seeds at the bottom of a furrow opened in the soil by a furrow opener. Background Art

[0002] At present, traditional potato planters generally adopt a potato seed bowl structure, that is, the potato seed bowl is installed on a conveyor belt running up and down, and is equipped with a shaking device. Potato planters suitable for field operations generally adopt a 4-ridge operation method, each ridge is a planting unit, and the conveyor belt of each planting unit is generally provided with 2 rows of potato seed bowls arranged alternately along the width direction of the conveyor belt. During the sowing process, after the potato seed bowl scoops the potato seeds from the potato seed bucket, as the conveyor belt goes up, the shaking device located in the ring of the endless conveyor belt shakes out the excess potato seeds in the potato seed bowl, leaving only one potato seed; when the potato seed bowl follows the conveyor belt and passes the highest point and goes down, the remaining potato seed in the potato seed bowl is thrown onto the back of the potato seed bowl that is located in front of the running direction, i.e. below; since the potato seed bowl is surrounded by potato guide cylinders that are arranged up and down and whose length direction is parallel to the loose section of the endless conveyor belt, the potato guide cylinders of the same sowing unit are M-shaped, so the potato seeds supported on the back of the potato seed bowl will move downward with the conveyor belt under the guidance of the potato guide cylinders; when close to the ground, the potato seeds supported on the back of the potato seed bowl of the same conveyor belt are guided by the guide plate and alternately sowed at the center of the bottom of the furrow opened in the soil by the furrow opener.

[0003] However, the outer edge of the potato seed bowl with a hole at the bottom center of the conventional potato planter, except for the mounting seat, is generally composed of three arcs, namely, two arcs whose tangents on both sides are perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting seat and one arc far away from the mounting seat and whose tangent is parallel to the mounting plane of the mounting seat. These three arcs are relatively low relative to the middle of the bowl bottom, especially the intersection of the two arcs perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting seat and the one arc parallel to the mounting plane of the mounting seat is lower, so the potato seeds supported on the back of the potato seed bowl are particularly likely to stay at the two intersections during the downward process. On the other hand, the two conveyor belts of the same sowing unit are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the furrow opener. In order to accurately guide the potato seeds supported on the back of the potato seed bowls on both sides to the center of the furrow bottom, the guide plate at the bottom end of the M-shaped potato guide barrel is generally arranged at the intersection of the straight sections on both sides of the M-shape and the bottom arc section, and is arranged in an inclined state of "the side away from the center of the furrow bottom is high, and the side close to the center of the furrow bottom is low", and "the side close to the arc section at the bottom of the M-shape is high, and the side away from the arc section at the bottom is low".

[0004] Therefore, the potato seeds that stay at the intersection far from the guide plate set at the bottom of the potato guide tube will be directly sown at the bottom of the furrow opened by the furrow opener without being guided by the guide plate, while the potato seeds that stay at the intersection close to the guide plate will be sown at the bottom of the furrow opened by the furrow opener after being guided by the guide plate. Since the guide plate is arranged in an inclined state of "the side close to the arc section at the bottom of the m-shaped is high and the side away from the arc section at the bottom is low", the potato seeds guided by the guide plate will be pushed back a distance by the guide plate. Since the potato seeds stay at a certain intersection randomly, the distance between the potato seeds sown under the guidance of the guide plate and the previous potato seeds sown without the guidance of the guide plate will be greater than the set distance, and the distance between the potato seeds sown under the guidance of the guide plate and the next potato seeds sown without the guidance of the guide plate will be less than the set distance, resulting in the consistency of the plant spacing after sowing not meeting the requirements.

[0005] Since the inner surface of the potato guide barrel is composed of two U-shapes consisting of two straight lines and an inner semicircle, and the outer edge of the potato seed bowl is not composed of two straight lines and an outer semicircle, that is, the outer edge of the potato seed bowl does not completely match the inner surface of the potato guide barrel, some smaller potato seeds will fall from the gap between the potato seed bowl and the potato guide barrel to the back of the potato seed bowl below during the downward movement of the back of the potato seed bowl, thus causing double planting and missing seeds.

[0006] Looking at the current status of the potato planting full-process mechanized equipment industry, there is an urgent need for a potato planter with high sowing accuracy, good plant spacing uniformity, and low repeated planting and missing seed rate to meet the potato growers' requirements for sowing accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a potato planter single-mouth potato seed bowl type precision sowing unit which can overcome the problems existing in existing potato planting machinery, has high sowing accuracy, good plant spacing uniformity, low repeated sowing and missing seed rate, and reliable operation.

[0008] The technical scheme is as follows: it comprises a mounting frame, a potato seed bucket, a protective cover, a potato guide cylinder, a guide plate, a conveying device and a shaking device, wherein the middle part of the mounting frame is mounted on the frame of the potato planter, and the mounting plate of the mounting frame is in a vertical state, a potato seed bucket is mounted on the rear plate surface of the mounting plate of the mounting frame facing the forward direction of the potato planter, a U-shaped protective cover is mounted on the front plate surface of the mounting plate of the mounting frame facing the forward direction of the potato planter, an M-shaped potato guide cylinder is arranged in the protective cover, the M-shaped opening of the potato guide cylinder faces the mounting plate direction of the mounting frame, and the two M-shaped sections of the potato guide cylinder are symmetrically arranged relative to the furrow opener of the potato planter; the concave surface of the guide plate is in an arc shape, and the two guide plates are The guide plates are respectively installed at the bottom end of the m-shaped potato guide cylinder and are respectively located at the intersection of the straight sections on both sides of the m-shape of the potato guide cylinder and the bottom arc section. The guide plates are arranged in an inclined state of "the side away from the furrow opener of the potato planter is high, and the side close to the furrow opener of the potato planter is low", and "the side close to the m-shaped bottom arc section of the potato guide cylinder is high, and the side away from the bottom arc section is low"; the conveying device includes an active roller, a driven roller, a conveyor belt and a single-mouth potato seed bowl, wherein the active roller and the driven roller are both supported on a mounting frame, and the active roller is located above the driven roller, and the active roller and the driven roller are hung with the same annular conveyor belt, and the loose section of the conveyor belt is located relative to the tight section in the forward direction of the potato planter. The conveyor belt is arranged in front of the potato guide drum, and the loose section of the conveyor belt is parallel to the tangent plane made by the top of the two arc sections of the M-shape; two rows of protrusions are arranged on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt along the width direction of the conveyor belt, and the multiple protrusions in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt, and the two rows of protrusions are staggered; the single-mouth potato seed bowl with a hole in the center of the bottom is bowl-shaped, the outer circle of the bowl is provided with triangular teeth, and the radius of the outer circle of the bowl is 2mm±1mm smaller than the radius of the M-shaped inner circle of the potato guide drum; a mounting seat is provided on one side of the bowl-shaped outer edge of the single-mouth potato seed bowl, and the mounting plane of the mounting seat is parallel to the bowl-shaped axis of the single-mouth potato seed bowl; a groove is provided on the convex surface of the single-mouth potato seed bowl away from the outer edge of the mounting seat, and the groove of the single-mouth potato seed bowl The symmetry plane coincides with the symmetry plane passing through the center of the mounting seat and perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting seat; two rows of single-mouth potato seed bowls are installed on the annular outer surface of the conveyor belt along the width direction of the conveyor belt, and multiple single-mouth potato seed bowls in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt, and the two rows of staggered single-mouth potato seed bowls are respectively located in the two arcs of the M-shaped potato guide cylinder when running to the loose section, and the concave surface of each single-mouth potato seed bowl faces upward when it is located in the tight section of the conveyor belt; the shaking device is installed on the mounting frame, the shaking device is located below the active roller of the conveying device and in the ring of the conveyor belt, and the two shaking wheels of the shaking device are respectively in contact with the two rows of protrusions when the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt runs to the tight section.

[0009] Compared with the existing status in the art, the present invention has a groove on the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl, and the potato seeds are supported in the groove during the descent of the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl. Therefore, the position of each potato seed relative to the potato guide barrel, that is, the sowing unit of the potato planter, is accurately fixed, and the degree of movement of each potato seed by the guide plate when descending to the bottom of the potato guide barrel is uniform, so that the position of the potato seeds when sown at the bottom of the ditch is accurate and correct, thereby greatly improving the uniformity of the sowing spacing, and laying a solid foundation for increasing potato production and income; because the outer edge shape of the single-mouth potato seed bowl is completely consistent with the M-shaped inner arc shape of the potato guide barrel, the relative gap is uniform and consistent, Therefore, there is no problem of potato seeds falling through the gap between the single-mouth potato seed bowl and the potato guide barrel, and the occurrence of double planting and missing seeds is completely prevented; because the outer circle of the single-mouth potato seed bowl is provided with triangular teeth, when the potato planter vibrates or the conveyor belt shakes during the sowing process and the single-mouth potato seed bowl contacts the potato guide barrel, the contact area between the single-mouth potato seed bowl and the potato guide barrel can be reduced, thereby greatly reducing the friction resistance between the two; the talcum powder and dust dropped from the potato seeds during the sowing process and the dust raised by the potato planter can pass through the tiny gap formed between the teeth of the triangular teeth of the single-mouth potato seed bowl and the potato guide barrel, ensuring the normal operation of the single-mouth potato seed bowl. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is an axonometric diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 An axonometric view of another orientation of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 3 The present invention Figure 1 An axonometric view of the mounting bracket of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 4 The present invention Figure 1 Axonometric view of the potato guide tube of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 5 The present invention Figure 1 An axonometric view of the deflector of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 6 The present invention Figure 1 An axonometric view of the conveying device of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 7 The present invention Figure 6 An axonometric view of the concave surface of the single-mouthed potato seed bowl of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 8 The present invention Figure 6 An axonometric view of the convex surface of the single-mouth potato seed bowl of the illustrated embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] 1. Mounting frame 11, mounting plate 2, potato seed bucket 3, shield 4, potato guide tube 5, guide plate 6, conveying device 61, active roller 62, driven roller 63, conveyor belt 64, single-mouth potato seed bowl 641, mounting seat 642, groove 7, shaking device.

[0012] exist Figure 1-Figure 8In the illustrated embodiment: the middle portion of the mounting frame 1 is mounted on the frame of the potato planter, and the mounting plate 11 of the mounting frame 1 is in a vertical state, a potato seed bucket 2 is mounted on the rear surface of the mounting plate 11 of the mounting frame 1 facing the forward direction of the potato planter, and a U-shaped shield 3 is mounted on the front surface of the mounting plate 11 of the mounting frame 1 facing the forward direction of the potato planter; an M-shaped potato guide barrel 4 is arranged inside the shield 3, the M-shaped opening of the potato guide barrel 4 faces the mounting plate 11 of the mounting frame 1, and the two M-shaped sections of the potato guide barrel 4 are symmetrically arranged relative to the furrow opener of the potato planter. The concave surface of the guide plate 5 is in an arc shape. The two guide plates 5 are respectively installed at the bottom end of the M-shaped potato guide tube 4 and are respectively located at the intersection of the straight sections on both sides of the M-shaped potato guide tube 4 and the bottom arc sections. The guide plates 5 are arranged in an inclined state of "the side away from the furrow opener of the potato planter is high, and the side close to the furrow opener of the potato planter is low", and "the side close to the M-shaped bottom arc section of the potato guide tube 4 is high, and the side away from the bottom arc section is low", so as to accurately guide the potato seeds supported on the back of the potato seed bowls on both sides to the center of the furrow bottom opened by the furrow opener. The driving roller 61 and the driven roller 62 of the conveying device 6 are both supported on the mounting frame 1, and the driving roller 61 is located above the driven roller 62. The driving roller 61 and the driven roller 62 are hung with the same annular conveyor belt 63. The loose section of the conveyor belt 63 is located in front of the fast section in the forward direction of the potato planter, and the loose section of the conveyor belt 63 is parallel to the tangent plane made by the top of the two arc sections of the m-shaped potato guide tube 4, so as to ensure that the relative position between the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 and the potato guide tube 4 remains unchanged when running on the loose section of the conveyor belt 63; two rows of protrusions are provided on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt 63 along the width direction of the conveyor belt 63, and the multiple protrusions in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt 63, and the two rows of protrusions are staggered; when the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 runs along the upward process of the fast section of the conveyor belt 63, the shaking device located in the annular shape of the conveyor belt 63 can shake off the excess potato seeds in the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64. The single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 with a hole in the center of the bottom is bowl-shaped, and the outer circle of the bowl is provided with triangular teeth to reduce the friction resistance between the bowl and the potato guide tube 4 and facilitate the passage of dust and the like, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the single-mouth potato seed bowl; the radius of the outer circle of the bowl is 2mm±1mm smaller than the radius of the M-shaped inner arc of the potato guide tube 4, so the outer edge shape of the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 is completely consistent with the M-shaped inner arc shape of the potato guide tube 4; a mounting seat 641 is provided on one side of the bowl-shaped outer edge of the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64, and the mounting plane of the mounting seat 641 is parallel to the bowl axis of the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64. A groove 642 is provided on the outer edge of the convex surface of the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 away from the mounting seat 641, and the symmetry plane of the groove 642 of the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 coincides with the symmetry plane passing through the center of the mounting seat 641 and perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting seat 641, so that the potato seeds supported on the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 can stay in the groove 642 of the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 during the downward movement under the protection of the M-shaped inner arc surface of the potato guide tube 4.Two rows of single-mouth potato seed bowls 64 are installed on the annular outer surface of the conveyor belt 63 along the width direction of the conveyor belt 63, and multiple single-mouth potato seed bowls 64 in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt 63. When the two rows of staggered single-mouth potato seed bowls 64 run to the loose section, they are respectively located in the two arcs of the m-shaped potato guide tube 4, and when each single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 is located in the tight section of the conveyor belt 63, the concave surface faces upward, so as to facilitate the digging of potato seeds from the potato seed bucket 2. The shaking device 7 is installed on the mounting frame 1, and the shaking device 7 is located below the active roller 61 of the conveyor device 6 and in the ring of the conveyor belt 63. The two shaking wheels of the shaking device 7 are respectively in contact with the two rows of protrusions when the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt 63 runs to the tight section, so as to shake off the excess potato seeds in the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64.

[0013] Its working principle is as follows: before the potato planter sows, a sufficient amount of potato seeds is first added to the potato seed bucket. When the potato planter drives the conveyor belt through the active roller, the potato seed bowl installed on the conveyor belt alternately digs potato seeds from the potato seed bucket. Each potato seed bowl generally digs more than one potato seed each time, but because the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt is provided with two rows of protrusions arranged along the width direction of the conveyor belt, the two shaking wheels of the shaking device contact the two rows of protrusions on the inner surface of the conveyor belt when it runs to the tight section. Therefore, when the single-mouth potato seed bowl filled with potato seeds moves upward along the conveyor belt, the protrusions on the inner surface of the conveyor belt are constantly lifted up by the rolling body, causing the conveyor belt and the single-mouth potato seed bowl to vibrate to a certain extent, and the excess potato seeds in the single-mouth potato seed bowl will be shaken off. When the potato seeds in the single-mouth potato seed bowl run upward to the highest point along the tight section of the conveyor belt, they are thrown obliquely upward by the single-mouth potato seed bowl toward the loose section of the conveyor belt due to the reversal of the conveyor belt at the active roller.

[0014] Since protective shields are arranged on the top and outside of the potato guide barrel, the thrown potato seeds fall on the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl in front of the running direction, that is, below, under the protection and guidance of the protective shields, and stay in the groove arranged on the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl; since the single-mouth potato seed bowl is surrounded by an M-shaped potato guide barrel which is arranged up and down and the length direction is parallel to the loose section of the annular conveyor belt, the potato seeds supported in the groove on the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl will move downward along the conveyor belt under the guidance of the potato guide barrel; when approaching the ground, the potato seeds supported in the groove on the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl on the same conveyor belt are guided by the guide plate and the potato seeds are alternately sown in the center of the bottom of the trench opened in the soil by the trench opener.

[0015] Since the potato seeds supported on the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl all stay in the groove on the back of the single-mouth potato seed bowl, the position of each potato seed relative to the potato guide barrel, that is, the potato planter sowing unit is determined, and the degree of movement of each potato seed by the guide plate when descending to the bottom of the potato guide barrel is also uniform, so the position when sown at the bottom of the ditch is also accurate. Since the outer edge shape of the single-mouth potato seed bowl is completely consistent with the M-shaped inner arc shape of the potato guide barrel, and the relative gap is uniform, there is no problem of potato seeds falling through the gap between the single-mouth potato seed bowl and the potato guide barrel. Since the outer circle of the single-mouth potato seed bowl is provided with triangular teeth, when the single-mouth potato seed bowl contacts the potato guide barrel due to vibration or shaking of the conveyor belt of the potato planter during sowing, the contact area between the single-mouth potato seed bowl and the potato guide barrel can be reduced, thereby reducing the friction resistance between the two; in addition, talcum powder and dust dropped from the potato seeds during sowing and dust raised by the potato planter can pass through the tiny gap formed between the teeth of the triangular teeth of the single-mouth potato seed bowl and the potato guide barrel, so as not to hinder the normal operation of the single-mouth potato seed bowl.

Claims

1. A single-mouth potato seed bowl type precision seeding unit for a potato planter, comprising a mounting frame (1), a potato seed bucket (2), a shield (3), a potato guide cylinder (4), a guide plate (5), a conveying device (6) and a shaking device (7), wherein the middle part of the mounting frame (1) is mounted on a frame of the potato planter, and the mounting plate (11) of the mounting frame (1) is in a vertical state, the potato seed bucket (2) is mounted on the rear plate surface of the mounting plate (11) facing the forward direction of the potato planter, and the mounting plate (11) of the mounting frame (1) faces the potato seed bucket (2). A U-shaped shield (3) is installed on the front plate surface in the forward direction of the seed drill, and an M-shaped potato guide cylinder (4) is arranged inside the shield (3). The M-shaped opening of the potato guide cylinder (4) faces the mounting plate (11) of the mounting frame (1), and the two M-shaped sections of the potato guide cylinder (4) are symmetrically arranged relative to the furrow opener of the potato seed drill; the concave surface of the guide plate (5) is in an arc shape, and the two guide plates (5) are respectively installed at the bottom end of the M-shaped potato guide cylinder (4) and are respectively located at the intersection of the straight line sections on both sides of the M-shaped potato guide cylinder (4) and the bottom arc section. The guide plate (5) is arranged in an inclined state such that "the side away from the furrow opener of the potato planter is higher and the side close to the furrow opener of the potato planter is lower", and "the side close to the M-shaped bottom arc section of the potato guide cylinder (4) is higher and the side away from the bottom arc section is lower". The conveying device (6) includes an active roller (61), a driven roller (62), a conveyor belt (63) and a single-mouth potato seed bowl (64), wherein the active roller (61) and the driven roller (62) are both supported on the mounting frame (1), and the active roller (61) is located above the driven roller (62). The same conveyor belt (63) in an annular shape is hung on the driving roller (61) and the driven roller (62); the loose section of the conveyor belt (63) is located in front of the tight section in the forward direction of the potato planter, and the loose section of the conveyor belt (63) is parallel to the tangent plane formed by the top ends of the two arc sections of the potato guide cylinder (4) in an M shape; two rows of protrusions are arranged on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt (63) along the width direction of the conveyor belt (63); a plurality of protrusions in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt (63), and the two rows of protrusions are arranged in a staggered manner; the characteristics are: The single-mouth potato seed bowl (64) with a hole in the center of the bottom is in a bowl shape, the outer circle of the bowl is provided with triangular teeth, and the radius of the outer circle of the bowl is 2 mm ± 1 mm smaller than the radius of the m-shaped inner arc of the potato guide tube (4); a mounting seat (641) is provided on one side of the bowl-shaped outer edge of the single-mouth potato seed bowl (64), and the mounting plane of the mounting seat (641) is parallel to the bowl-shaped axis of the single-mouth potato seed bowl (64); a groove (642) is provided on the outer edge of the convex surface of the single-mouth potato seed bowl (64) away from the mounting seat (641), and the symmetry plane of the groove (642) of the single-mouth potato seed bowl (64) coincides with the symmetry plane passing through the center of the mounting seat (641) and perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting seat (641); a toothed groove (642) is provided on the annular outer surface of the conveyor belt (63) along the outer edge of the conveyor belt (63); Two rows of single-mouth potato seed bowls (64) are arranged in the width direction of the conveyor belt (63), and a plurality of single-mouth potato seed bowls (64) in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt (63). When the two rows of staggered single-mouth potato seed bowls (64) run to the loose section, they are respectively located in two corresponding M-shaped arcs of the potato guide cylinder (4), and when each single-mouth potato seed bowl (64) is located in the tight section of the conveyor belt (63), the concave surface faces upward; a shaking device (7) is installed on the mounting frame (1), the shaking device (7) is located below the driving roller (61) of the conveyor device (6) and in the ring of the conveyor belt (63), and two shaking wheels of the shaking device (7) are respectively in contact with two rows of protrusions on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt (63) when the conveyor belt (63) runs to the tight section.

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