Method for applying sulfur to tobacco field

Abstract

The invention provides a tobacco field sulfur applying method which comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting a tobacco field plowing layer soil sample, measuring the effective sulfur content of the sample, and dividing a tobacco field into a high-sulfur area and a low-sulfur area; 2, different fertilization is conducted in the high-sulfur area and the low-sulfur area, and sulfur fertilizer application is conducted in two stages of base fertilizer application and topdressing application; the problems of extensive fertilization, low utilization rate, high pollution risk, unstable tobacco leaf quality and the like in a traditional sulfur applying method are systematically solved through accurate partitioning, dynamic adjustment, a compound formula and environment-friendly design, and the method has remarkable practical value and economic benefit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco field fertilization, and in particular to a method for applying sulfur to a tobacco field. Background Art

[0002] Sulfur is one of the essential nutrients for tobacco. The distribution and content of sulfur in tobacco have an important impact on its physiological functions. The content of sulfur in different parts of tobacco is different. The sulfur content of roots, stems, leaves and apical buds is 0.27%, 0.23%, 0.45% and 0.57% respectively. Sulfur is absorbed mainly through the roots to absorb sulfate ions in the soil and redistribute them in the plant body. It is mainly reduced and assimilated into organic matter under photosynthesis in mature leaves.

[0003] The application of appropriate amount of sulfur fertilizer can promote the growth and development of tobacco, improve the chemical quality of tobacco leaves and the rate of medium and high-quality tobacco, and make the flue-cured tobacco leaves loose in structure, bright in color, rich in oil and moderate in quality. However, excessive application of sulfur fertilizer will inhibit the growth of flue-cured tobacco, reduce the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, which will be manifested as dark color, less oil and rough leaf surface of flue-cured tobacco leaves. In addition, too high sulfur content in tobacco leaves will also affect its combustibility, leading to flameout and bad odor.

[0004] The sulfur content in the soil has an important influence on the growth and quality of tobacco. As the sulfur content in the soil increases, the identity, oil content and color of the tobacco leaves decrease, while the single leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width and equilibrium moisture content also decrease. Therefore, the rational regulation of the sulfur content in the soil is of great significance for optimizing the quality of tobacco.

[0005] However, the existing methods of applying sulfur to tobacco fields have the following defects: 1. Traditional methods of applying sulfur to tobacco fields usually adopt a "one-size-fits-all" model, applying the same amount of sulfur fertilizer to all tobacco fields, and lacking the measurement and zoning of the effective sulfur content in the soil. Excess sulfur in high-sulfur areas may cause soil acidification and salinization, while insufficient sulfur in low-sulfur areas will limit the growth of tobacco plants, affecting the quality and yield of tobacco leaves. 2. Traditional methods often apply sulfur fertilizer once before transplanting, and do not adjust the amount according to the changes in demand during the growth stage of the tobacco plants. As a result, sulfur fertilizer may be in short supply during the critical growth period, and excessive fertilization in the later stage may easily cause waste of resources and environmental pollution. 3. Excessive sulfur application or improper application methods cause sulfur to leach into water bodies, or cause soil acidification, resulting in a decrease in soil pH and fluctuations in the content of available potassium, affecting soil health and ecological balance.

[0006] Therefore, it is an urgent problem to provide a dynamic sulfur application method that can improve tobacco yield and quality, reduce environmental pollution and protect soil health. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for applying sulfur to a tobacco field, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Before transplanting tobacco, collect soil samples from the cultivated layer of the tobacco field, measure the effective sulfur content of the samples, and divide the tobacco field into a high-sulfur area and a low-sulfur area according to the effective sulfur content of the soil;

[0009] Step 2: Apply sulfur fertilizer in high sulfur areas ≤ 30kg / hm 2 , apply sulfur fertilizer 30-120kg / hm2 in low sulfur areas 2 20-30 days before transplanting, mix 60-70% of the total sulfur fertilizer with the base fertilizer and apply it in rows. 25-30 days after transplanting, mix the remaining sulfur fertilizer with the topdressing and apply it to the tobacco field.

[0010] Preferably, in step 1, the effective sulfur in the soil of the high-sulfur zone is greater than 25 mg / kg, and the effective sulfur in the soil of the low-sulfur zone is less than 10 mg / kg.

[0011] Preferably, the base fertilizer application rate in step 2 is 120-150 kg / mu.

[0012] Preferably, the amount of topdressing applied in step 2 is 1-2 kg / mu.

[0013] Preferably, the sulfur fertilizer in step 2 is potassium sulfate.

[0014] Preferably, the base fertilizer is rapeseed cake, magnesium hydroxide, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, special fertilizer and potassium nitrate, and the mass ratio is 5:1:2:2:2.

[0015] Preferably, the special fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with N:P2O5:K2O=12.5:8:22.5.

[0016] Preferably, the topdressing in step 2 is potassium carbonate.

[0017] Preferably, each time sulfur fertilizer is applied, organic fertilizer is applied in an amount of 200-300 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0018] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed feces and decomposed straw in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0019] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] (1) The present invention divides tobacco fields into high-sulfur areas and low-sulfur areas by measuring the effective sulfur content in the soil, and applies sulfur fertilizers in a differentiated manner, thereby avoiding the problems of excess sulfur in the high-sulfur area and insufficient sulfur in the low-sulfur area, and significantly optimizing the sulfur content of tobacco leaves.

[0021] (2) The precise dosage and phased application of the present invention reduce the risk of sulfur leaching, and the auxiliary application of organic fertilizer improves soil structure. The risk of environmental pollution is significantly lower than that of traditional sulfur application methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 Effect of sulfur application rate on soil pH.

[0024] Figure 2 Effect of sulfur application rate on soil available potassium.

[0025] Figure 3 This is the effect of sulfur application rate on the sulfur content in different leaf parts of flue-cured tobacco.

[0026] Figure 4 This is the relationship between the amount of sulfur applied and the sulfur content in different parts of tobacco leaves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Test Example 1

[0029] 30 days before tobacco transplanting, the 0-20cm tillage layer of tobacco field soil was sampled using the grid method. Grid method: 10×10m grids were divided per hectare, and one sampling point was taken from the center of each grid. 500g of soil was taken from each sampling point, put into a sterile sealed bag, marked with the location and date, and the sulfur content was determined using the phosphate-acetic acid extraction method according to the "Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis Method" using a UV spectrophotometer.

[0030] In Jianyang, Fujian, we selected a test site with high (>25mg / kg) and low (<10mg / kg) available sulfur content in the soil. The test site has long adopted a tobacco-rice rotation planting model, with a row spacing of 120cm×50cm and a planting density of 1160 plants / mu. The test flue-cured tobacco variety was Cuibi No. 1 (CB-1). The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil in the test site are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of soil in the test site (0-20cm)

[0032]

[0033] Thirty days before transplanting, four sulfur dosage treatments were set up in each experimental plot: CK, no potassium sulfate; T1, potassium sulfate 30.0 kg / hm 2 ; T2, potassium sulfate 120.0kg / hm 2 ; T3, potassium sulfate 270.0kg / hm 2 Each treatment was repeated 3 times, with a total of 12 plots, each plot was 4.8m×8.0m, and 64 tobacco plants were planted. The basal fertilizers applied in the four treatments were 53.2kg / mu of rapeseed cake, 13.3kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, 22.5kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 22.0kg / mu of 12.5-8-22.5 special fertilizer, and 22.3kg / mu of potassium nitrate, and 1.2kg / mu of topdressing was applied.

[0034] Fertilization management: Mix 60-70% of the total sulfur fertilizer with the base fertilizer and apply it in strips. 25-30 days after transplanting, mix the remaining sulfur fertilizer with topdressing and apply it to the tobacco field. Apply organic fertilizer each time sulfur fertilizer is applied, with an application rate of 250kg / hm 2 The organic fertilizer includes decomposed feces and decomposed straw, and the mass ratio is 1:1.

[0035] Tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the field in early January every year, and tobacco leaf harvesting begins in early May. For field management methods, refer to "Tobacco Leaf Production Technology and Management Innovation" published by China Agricultural Science and Technology Press.

[0036] During the tobacco topping period, three tobacco plants with uniform growth were selected from each plot and removed with a shovel to determine the biomass and the distribution of sulfur content in different parts of the tobacco plants. During the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco, tobacco leaves were harvested and baked. The leaves were harvested from bottom to top in 3-4 times. The yield of the baked tobacco was calculated and the middle leaves were taken for sulfur content determination and chemical composition identification.

[0037] The total sulfur content of flue-cured tobacco was determined by the BaSO4 turbidimetric method (YC / T 284-2009). 2 ) = dry matter mass of flue-cured tobacco roots, stems, leaves and flowers (kg / hm2) 2 )×sulfur content (%).

[0038] During the tobacco topping period, five representative tobacco plants were selected from each plot and investigated according to the national standard "Investigation Methods for Agronomic Characteristics of Tobacco" (YC / T 142-2010). The plant height, stem girth, internode distance, number of leaves, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of each plant were measured and recorded.

[0039] The harvested leaves were sterilized at 105°C for 0.5 h, and then dried at 80°C to constant weight. The dry matter weight of leaves from different parts of the tobacco plant was weighed and recorded.

[0040] The total nitrogen, chlorine, total potassium, total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine and other chemical components in the flue-cured tobacco leaves were determined according to the tobacco industry standards YC / T 161-2002 "Continuous flow method for determination of total nitrogen in tobacco and tobacco products", YC / T173-2003 "Flame photometry for determination of potassium in tobacco and tobacco products", YC / T 159-2002 "Continuous flow method for determination of water-soluble sugar in tobacco and tobacco products", YC / T159-2002 "Continuous flow method for determination of water-soluble sugar in tobacco and tobacco products", and YC / T 160-2002 "Continuous flow method for determination of total alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco products". With reference to YC / T 138-1998 "Sensory evaluation method for tobacco and tobacco products", the relevant technical personnel of the Tobacco Science Research Institute of the Tobacco Monopoly Bureau conducted the evaluation and identification.

[0041] Soil pH was measured and analyzed ( Figure 1 ), the results showed that compared with the CK treatment, the T1, T2 and T3 treatments in Huiyao area significantly reduced the soil pH value, with an increase of 6.40%, 7.78% and 6.49% (P<0.05); the T1 and T2 treatments in Tiaoling area significantly reduced the soil pH value compared with the CK treatment, with a decrease of 2.58% and 2.31%, respectively (P<0.05).

[0042] The available potassium of soils under different treatments was determined ( Figure 2 ), the results showed that the T1 and T2 treatments in Huiyao area significantly reduced the soil available potassium content compared with the CK treatment, by 27.49% and 22.20% respectively (P<0.05). The T2 and T3 treatments in Tiaoling area significantly increased the soil available potassium content compared with the CK treatment, by 11.51% and 42.42% respectively (P<0.05).

[0043] The results showed that the effect of sulfur application rate on sulfur content in different leaf parts of flue-cured tobacco was ( Figure 3 ), the application of sulfur significantly increased the sulfur content of the upper tobacco leaves in Huiyao and Tiaoling areas (P<0.05), and compared with the CK treatment, the two areas increased by 10.04-35.87% and 15.01-44.22%, respectively; the sulfur content of the upper leaves in Huiyao area was the highest in T3 treatment, while the sulfur content of the lower leaves in Huiyao area was the highest in T1 treatment, which was significantly increased by 11.53% compared with the CK treatment (P<0.05). In addition, compared with the CK treatment, the sulfur content of the middle leaves in Huiyao area did not change significantly under different sulfur treatments; the sulfur content in different leaf parts in Tiaoling area continued to increase with the increase of sulfur application, and the sulfur content of the upper leaves, middle leaves and lower leaves under T3 treatment changed most significantly, increasing by 44.23%, 43.05% and 35.04% respectively compared with the CK treatment (P<0.05).

[0044] The sulfur accumulation in different leaf parts was calculated based on the sulfur content and biomass of each part of flue-cured tobacco (Table 2). It was found that the application of sulfur in Huiyao and Tiaoling areas could significantly increase the total sulfur accumulation in flue-cured tobacco leaves. Compared with the CK treatment, the two areas increased by 2.64-30.88% and 12.12-42.06%, respectively (P<0.05). In Huiyao area, the sulfur accumulation in the upper leaves was the highest in T3 treatment, and the sulfur accumulation in the upper leaves was significantly increased by 1.69%, 56.61% and 90.85% in T1, T2 and T3 treatments compared with CK treatment (P<0.05). Compared with CK treatment, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the sulfur accumulation in the middle leaves, while T1 treatment significantly reduced the sulfur accumulation in the middle leaves by 11.66% (P<0.05). Compared with CK treatment, the sulfur accumulation in the lower leaves of T1 and T2 treatments increased significantly, with an increase of 31.40% and 22.48% (P<0.05). In Tiaoling area, the sulfur accumulation in different leaf parts increased continuously with the increase of sulfur application. Compared with CK, T3 treatment had the most significant increase in the sulfur accumulation in the upper leaves, middle leaves and lower leaves, with an increase of 32.74%, 47.05% and 48.28% respectively (P<0.05).

[0045] Table 2 Effect of sulfur application rate on sulfur accumulation in different leaf parts of flue-cured tobacco

[0046]

[0047] The agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco were investigated (Table 3). Compared with CK, the T1, T2 and T3 treatments in Huiyao area significantly reduced plant height and maximum leaf width by 6.13-10.56% and 2.00-5.62% (P<0.05), respectively. T1 treatment significantly increased stem diameter by 6.73% compared with CK, and there were no significant differences in internodes, leaf numbers and maximum leaf length among different treatments. In Tiaoling area, T2 treatment significantly increased plant height and internodes by 12.99% and 6.48% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with CK. Compared with CK, T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly reduced maximum leaf length by 2.17%, 3.18% and 3.18% (P<0.05). Moreover, the leaf number and maximum leaf width of T3 treatment were both lower than those of CK, and there were no significant differences in stem diameter among different treatments.

[0048] Table 3 Effects of sulfur application rate on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco

[0049]

[0050] The biomass of tobacco plants was analyzed (Table 4). The results showed that compared with CK, the dry weight of the middle leaves, stems and flowers of tobacco plants in other treatments in Huiyao area were significantly reduced, with decreases of 3.91-14.75%, 2.82-15.35% and 12.90-32.78% (P<0.05), respectively; the dry weight of the lower leaves of tobacco plants in T2 treatment increased significantly by 22.58% compared with CK treatment (P<0.05); the dry weight of the upper leaves and roots of tobacco plants in T3 treatment increased significantly compared with CK treatment, with increases of 40.39% and 12.54%, respectively (P<0.05). In Tiaoling area, the dry weight of the middle leaves, lower leaves and roots of tobacco plants in T2 treatment were significantly higher than those in CK treatment, with increases of 22.43%, 10.62% and 21.46% respectively. The dry weight of flowers was lower than that in CK treatment, with a decrease of 15.23% (P<0.05). The dry weight of the upper leaves of tobacco plants in T3 treatment was significantly lower than that in CK treatment, with a decrease of 7.99% (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the biomass of tobacco stems among the treatments.

[0051] Table 4 Effect of sulfur application rate on flue-cured tobacco biomass

[0052]

[0053] The analysis of chemical composition of upper and middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco showed (Table 5) that the total nitrogen content of upper leaves in Huiyao area decreased with the increase of sulfur application rate, while the total nitrogen content of middle leaves did not change significantly in each treatment; compared with CK treatment, T1 treatment significantly increased the chlorine content of upper leaves in Huiyao area by 23.53% and nicotine content by 7.2% (P<0.05); T2 treatment significantly increased the chlorine content of middle leaves in Huiyao area by 100.00%, total sugar content by 35.74% and reducing sugar content by 15.14% (P<0.05) compared with CK. The total nitrogen content of the upper leaves in the Tiaoling area was the highest under T1 treatment, which was significantly increased by 10.43% compared with the CK treatment. Compared with the CK treatment, the total nitrogen content of the middle leaves in the Tiaoling area was significantly reduced by 12.29% under T3 treatment; the contents of chlorine, total potassium, total sugar and reducing sugar in the upper leaves in the Tiaoling area continued to decrease with the increase of sulfur application. The chlorine and total potassium contents in the middle leaves were the highest under T2 treatment, which were significantly increased by 66.67% and 21.40% respectively compared with the CK treatment (P<0.05). The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in the middle leaves did not change significantly under each treatment; compared with the CK treatment, the nicotine content of the upper leaves in the Tiaoling area was significantly increased by 28.76% under T2 treatment (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in nicotine content in the middle leaves under different sulfur application levels.

[0054] Table 5 Effect of sulfur application rate on chemical components of flue-cured tobacco

[0055]

[0056] The economic traits of different treatments were statistically analyzed (Table 6). The results showed that the T1 treatment significantly increased tobacco yield in Huiyao area compared with the CK treatment, so the output value under the T1 treatment also increased significantly, with the increase in yield and output value being 5.77% and 4.42% respectively (P<0.05); the T3 treatment significantly reduced the proportion of high-quality tobacco by 18.18% compared with the CK treatment, and further significantly reduced the average price of tobacco by 6.28% and the output value by 2.56% (P<0.05). In the Tiaoling area and the Xiwei area, the T1 treatment had the highest economic properties, and its yield, output value, average price and the proportion of medium and high-quality tobacco were significantly increased by 4.34%, 13.32%, 8.46% and 15.98% respectively compared with the CK treatment (P<0.05).

[0057] Table 6 Effects of sulfur application rate on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] The correlation analysis between sulfur application amount and sulfur content in different parts of tobacco leaves was conducted ( Figure 4 ), it was found that there was a very significant positive correlation between the amount of sulfur applied and the sulfur content of the upper and middle leaves in Huiyao and Tiaoling. At the same time, in Tiaoling, there was also a very significant positive correlation between the amount of sulfur applied and the sulfur content of the lower leaves, which indicated that the sulfur content of the upper and middle leaves increased with the increase of sulfur application. In Huiyao, there was no correlation between the amount of sulfur applied and the sulfur content of the lower leaves.

[0061] In the tobacco-growing soils in high-sulfur and low-sulfur areas, the application rate of sulfur fertilizer is 30.0 kg / hm 2 When the sulfur application rate is increased to 120.0kg / hm 2 When the sulfur application rate in the high-sulfur area reached 192.0 kg / hm2, the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in both the high-sulfur area and the low-sulfur area showed a downward trend. 2 , the sulfur application rate in the low-sulfur zone reached 229.0kg / hm 2 When the sulfur content of tobacco leaves reaches the sulfur threshold of high-quality tobacco leaves (total sulfur content 0.7%), it can be seen that the proper application of sulfur fertilizer is conducive to the increase of flue-cured tobacco yield and output value, but excessive application of sulfur fertilizer will significantly reduce the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.

[0062] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Before transplanting tobacco, collect soil samples from the cultivated layer of the tobacco field, measure the effective sulfur content of the samples, and divide the tobacco field into a high-sulfur area and a low-sulfur area according to the effective sulfur content of the soil; Step 2: Apply sulfur fertilizer in high sulfur areas ≤ 30kg / hm 2 , apply sulfur fertilizer 30-120kg / hm2 in low sulfur areas 2 20-30 days before transplanting, mix 60-70% of the total sulfur fertilizer with the base fertilizer and apply it in rows. 25-30 days after transplanting, mix the remaining sulfur fertilizer with the topdressing and apply it to the tobacco field.

2. A method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the effective sulfur in the soil of the high-sulfur zone is greater than 25 mg / kg, and the effective sulfur in the soil of the low-sulfur zone is less than 10 mg / kg.

3. The method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of base fertilizer in step 2 is 120-150kg / mu.

4. The method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of topdressing applied in step 2 is 1-2 kg / mu.

5. The method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sulfur fertilizer in step 2 is potassium sulfate.

6. The method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer is rapeseed cake, magnesium hydroxide, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, special fertilizer and potassium nitrate, with a mass ratio of 5:1:2:2:

2.

7. A method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 6, characterized in that: The special fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with N:P2O5:K2O=12.5:8:22.

5.

8. The method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topdressing described in step 2 is potassium carbonate.

9. The method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: Apply organic fertilizers as an auxiliary fertilizer each time sulfur fertilizer is applied, with an application rate of 200-300kg / hm 2 .

10. A method for applying sulfur to tobacco fields according to claim 9, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer comprises decomposed feces and decomposed straw, and the mass ratio is 1:1.

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