Selenium-rich high-calcium Chinese yam planting process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a selenium-rich high-calcium Chinese yam planting process which comprises the following steps: soil improvement: deeply ploughing planting soil, and applying an organic fertilizer, a selenium fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer to adjust the soil structure; chinese yam cultivation, wherein Chinese yam is planted in the improved soil, and accurate field planting is conducted according to preset plant spacing and row spacing; precise fertilization: performing selenium-rich and high-calcium precise fertilization on the Chinese yam in stages, and adjusting the selenium content and the calcium content according to crop growth requirements during fertilization; pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled through biopesticide, natural enemy insects and a physical capture technology. Through precise fertilization, intelligent management, green prevention and control and soil optimization, the content of selenium and calcium in the Chinese yam is remarkably increased, and the crop quality is improved; meanwhile, by means of the intelligent water and fertilizer irrigation and resource circulation technology, water and fertilizer waste and environmental pollution are reduced, the production cost is reduced, sustainable agricultural development is promoted, and agricultural benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process. Background Art

[0002] As people's health awareness increases, selenium-rich and high-calcium crops are gaining more and more attention, especially selenium-rich and high-calcium yam, which is widely favored due to its rich nutrition and significant health benefits. Selenium and calcium are essential trace elements for the human body, and they play an important role in enhancing immunity and promoting bone health. Therefore, the cultivation technology to increase the selenium and calcium content in yam has become an important research direction in agricultural production. However, the enrichment effect of selenium and calcium in the existing technology is limited, and the improvement of crop quality is difficult to achieve expectations.

[0003] Existing selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting technologies use selenium fertilizers and calcium fertilizers to the soil or use soil from selenium-rich areas for planting. By adding fertilizers at different growth stages, crops can absorb a certain amount of selenium and calcium. At the same time, some technologies use chemical pesticides for pest control, while irrigation methods mainly rely on traditional irrigation or simple water and fertilizer application systems.

[0004] However, there are many problems with the existing technology: first, the effectiveness of selenium and calcium in the soil is low, and the absorption rate of crops is not high, resulting in limited increase in the selenium and calcium content of yam; second, traditional irrigation and fertilization methods seriously waste resources and have low water and fertilizer utilization rates; third, pest and disease control mainly relies on chemical pesticides, which can easily cause pesticide residues and environmental pollution; fourth, improper soil management can easily lead to soil degradation and decreased fertility, making it difficult to achieve sustainable agricultural production. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process, which solves the problems of insufficient absorption of selenium and calcium, waste of resources, environmental pollution and low efficiency of pest and disease control in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process, comprising the following steps: Soil improvement: Deeply plow the planting soil and apply organic fertilizer, selenium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer to adjust the soil structure; Yam cultivation: Yams are planted in improved soil, with precise planting according to the predetermined plant and row spacing; Precision fertilization: Selenium-rich and high-calcium precision fertilization is carried out on yam in stages, and the selenium and calcium content is adjusted according to the growth needs of the crop during fertilization; Green pest control: Use biological pesticides, natural enemy insects and physical capture technology to control pests; Intelligent water and fertilizer irrigation: using water and fertilizer integration technology and intelligent drip irrigation system to achieve synchronous supply of water and nutrients; Harvesting and resource recycling: After the yam is harvested, the crop waste is returned to the field as straw or composted to increase soil organic matter.

[0007] Preferably, in the soil improvement step, the soil is deep-turned to a depth of 30-50 cm, and 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 300 kg of calcium fertilizer, and 0.8-1.2 kg of sodium selenate or organic selenium fertilizer are applied per mu.

[0008] Preferably, in the step of precise fertilization, the fertilization methods at different stages of yam growth include: (1) Apply nitrogen fertilizer and selenium-rich compound fertilizer during the seedling stage; (2) Apply calcium nitrate and selenium-rich organic fertilizer during the vigorous growth period of stems and leaves; (3) Apply nano-selenium and nano-calcium fertilizers during the tuber bulking period.

[0009] Preferably, during the tuber bulking period, selenium-rich and high-calcium foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves every 15 days for 3 consecutive times, using 0.5-1 kg of selenium fertilizer and 100-200 kg of calcium fertilizer per mu.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent water and fertilizer irrigation system includes underground multi-layer drip irrigation pipes, the deep layer is used for water and fertilizer supply during the root development period, and the shallow layer is used to keep the surface moist. Sensors are used to monitor soil moisture and nutrient content in real time per acre.

[0011] Preferably, the water-fertilizer integrated system is controlled by an Internet of Things platform, and the water-fertilizer ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the selenium and calcium concentrations in the soil to maintain nutritional balance.

[0012] Preferably, in the green pest control step, the biological pesticides include Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana, the natural enemy insects include predatory mites and ladybugs, and light traps and sex attractants are used to capture the pests.

[0013] Preferably, the disease resistance inducer is combined in the process of disease and insect pest control, and the inducer is salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate, which is sprayed regularly to improve the disease resistance of crops.

[0014] Preferably, the resource recycling step includes: composting and fermenting crop waste to generate organic fertilizer for subsequent planting, and applying 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu after returning straw to the field.

[0015] Preferably, the resource recycling step also includes: after the yam is harvested, the soil is deep plowed and biofertilizer is applied, with 500-1000 kg per mu applied to restore soil fertility and structure.

[0016] The present invention provides a selenium-rich and calcium-rich yam planting process, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention ensures that yam can continuously and effectively absorb trace elements such as selenium and calcium during its growth process through precise fertilization technology and scientific phased nutrition management. In particular, the use of nano-selenium and calcium foliar fertilizer spraying technology greatly improves the biological effectiveness of these elements, significantly increases the selenium and calcium content in yam, and at the same time, the tubers are fuller and more uniform, the overall quality is optimized, and the market competitiveness of the product is increased.

[0017] 2. The present invention improves soil structure, enhances soil fertility and water retention, and promotes the transformation and absorption of elements such as selenium and calcium through deep soil improvement and application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer. Through resource recycling, composting and returning straw to the field, the organic matter content of the soil is further increased, forming a virtuous cycle of the agricultural ecosystem, effectively preventing soil degradation, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0018] 3. The present invention adopts green pest and disease control methods such as biological pesticides, release of natural enemy insects, and physical trapping, which reduces the use and residual risk of chemical pesticides and protects the ecological environment. At the same time, biological control technology enhances the natural disease resistance of yam, reduces the incidence of diseases and pests, ensures crop health, maintains the balance of the agricultural ecological environment, and realizes a low-carbon and environmentally friendly agricultural production model.

[0019] 4. The present invention introduces an intelligent integrated water and fertilizer management system, which monitors soil moisture and nutritional status in real time through sensors, accurately controls water and fertilizer supply, and achieves efficient utilization. Intelligent irrigation and fertilization technology reduces water and fertilizer waste and labor input, and optimizes the utilization rate of production resources. At the same time, it reduces the losses caused by improper operation in traditional agriculture, significantly reduces production costs, and improves agricultural benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see attached Figure 1The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation process of selenium-rich and high-calcium yam. By optimizing soil improvement, precision fertilization, water-fertilizer integration, green prevention and control, and resource recycling technology, the selenium and calcium content in the yam is significantly improved, and its biological effectiveness is guaranteed to meet consumers' health needs for selenium-rich and high-calcium yam.

[0023] Step 1: Soil improvement and substrate optimization 1.1 Multi-dimensional soil detection and digital management Before planting selenium-rich and high-calcium yams, you first need to conduct a comprehensive test of the soil in the planting area to ensure that the soil has environmental conditions that support the absorption of selenium and calcium. Use a soil tester to collect soil samples. The specific test content includes: Soil selenium and calcium content: Focus on the selenium (Se) and calcium (Ca) content in the soil to ensure that there is sufficient basic selenium and calcium in the soil.

[0024] Organic matter content: Organic matter is an important source of soil fertility. It can increase the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer and provide a nutritional basis for soil microorganisms. The target organic matter content should be controlled at 3%-5%.

[0025] pH value: The effectiveness of selenium and calcium in the soil is affected by pH. The ideal soil pH value should be between 6.5-7.5. Weakly alkaline soil is conducive to calcium absorption.

[0026] The collected data is transmitted to the smart agriculture management platform through the Internet of Things system to generate a spatial distribution map of soil selenium and calcium elements. The data is analyzed in combination with geographic information system (GIS) technology to provide a decision-making basis for subsequent soil improvement.

[0027] 1.2 Soil deep plowing and conditioning According to the test results, mechanical equipment is used to deep plow the soil, and the depth is controlled at 30-50 cm to ensure that the soil is loose and breathable, which is conducive to the development of the yam root system and nutrient absorption. After deep plowing, the following fertilizers are applied for soil conditioning: Organic fertilizer: Apply 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu to increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil structure.

[0028] Calcium fertilizer: Apply 300 kg of calcium fertilizer (such as lime, calcium nitrate or calcium magnesium phosphate) per mu to increase the calcium content and activity in the soil, especially in acidic soils. Lime can adjust the pH value and enhance the effectiveness of calcium.

[0029] Selenium fertilizer: Apply 0.8-1.2 kg of selenium fertilizer (such as sodium selenate or selenium-containing organic fertilizer) per mu to ensure that there is sufficient basic content of selenium in the soil. At the same time, apply humic acid to increase the biological effectiveness of selenium and avoid selenium loss.

[0030] 1.3 Microbial fertilizer and rhizosphere environment optimization In order to enhance the conversion efficiency of selenium and calcium in the soil, microbial fertilizers should be used to improve the rhizosphere environment: Apply microbial agents such as rhizobia, actinomycetes, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria at a rate of 500-1000 kg per mu. These microorganisms can promote the activation and transformation of trace elements such as calcium and selenium in the soil. In particular, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can dissolve phosphorus and improve soil fertility.

[0031] During the entire planting process, the rhizosphere microbial monitoring system is used to monitor the diversity of soil microbial communities and ensure the health of the microecological environment.

[0032] Step 2: Smart Cultivation and Plant Management 2.1 Precision planting of yam After the soil is improved, yam planting is carried out. A laser planter is used to control the planting depth and density to ensure that the spacing and depth of each yam plant are consistent: The plant spacing is controlled at 30-40 cm, and the row spacing is 60-70 cm; The planting depth is 10-15 cm to ensure that the roots can grow deeply.

[0033] 2.2 Root system dynamic monitoring and nutrient supply During the growth of yam, optical fiber sensors are used to monitor the content of moisture, selenium, calcium and other nutrients in the root zone in real time, and transmit the data to the central control system through the Internet of Things platform, and dynamically adjust the drip irrigation system according to the data: Root zone drip irrigation system: Drip irrigation equipment is installed in the root zone to directly provide water-soluble fertilizers containing nutrients such as selenium and calcium to the roots of the yam, achieving precise nutrient supply.

[0034] Step 3: Precision Fertilization Management 3.1 Base fertilizer and topdressing management In order to meet the needs of yam for selenium and calcium at each growth stage, the fertilization strategy is carried out in stages: Seedling stage: apply 200 kg of organic nitrogen fertilizer per mu, combined with selenium-rich compound fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer promotes root development, and selenium fertilizer enhances the resistance of seedlings.

[0035] Middle stage (vigorous growth period of stems and leaves): add 100 kg of calcium nitrate and 1 kg of selenium-rich organic fertilizer per mu, and apply quantitatively through the drip irrigation system.

[0036] Late stage (tuber swelling stage): spray selenium-rich and high-calcium foliar fertilizer every 15 days, and spray 3 times in a row to ensure the efficient absorption of selenium and calcium by yam during the tuber swelling stage.

[0037] 3.2 Foliar spray management During the tuber swelling period, nano-selenium calcium foliar fertilizer is sprayed, with 0.5-1 kg of selenium fertilizer and 100-200 kg of calcium fertilizer applied per mu each time. Ultra-fine spray equipment is used to evenly cover the fertilizer on the leaves to ensure maximum crop absorption efficiency.

[0038] 3.3 Dynamic fertilization control Combining soil sensors and crop nutritional demand data, the system will automatically adjust the fertilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements such as selenium and calcium to ensure nutritional balance at each growth stage and avoid problems such as over-fertilization or insufficient nutrients.

[0039] Step 4: Green pest control 4.1 Construction of green prevention and control system In order to avoid the pollution caused by traditional chemical pesticides, the present invention adopts ecological green control technology: Biopesticides: Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana are used regularly as biopesticides to specifically control underground pests and root diseases.

[0040] Release of natural enemies: Regularly release natural enemy insects, such as ladybugs and predatory mites, to inhibit the reproduction and spread of pests and reduce dependence on pesticides.

[0041] 4.2 Physical prevention and control and trapping technology Light traps and sex attractant killing systems are laid out in the fields to monitor the types and numbers of pests in real time. The peak periods of pests are analyzed through artificial intelligence systems, and prevention and control measures are implemented in advance to reduce the risks of diseases and pests.

[0042] Step 5: Intelligent water and fertilizer irrigation and environmental control 5.1 Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system By installing a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system, the simultaneous supply of water and fertilizer can be achieved: Multi-layer drip irrigation equipment: The system is equipped with shallow and deep drip irrigation pipes to increase deep irrigation during the root development period, while surface drip irrigation keeps the surface soil moist.

[0043] Intelligent control: Soil moisture sensors and meteorological data are used to adjust irrigation frequency and water-fertilizer ratio in real time to prevent excessive soil moisture or nutrient loss.

[0044] 5.2 Intelligent Control of Environmental Parameters Install light and humidity sensors to monitor field conditions in real time: Light regulation: Under high temperature and exposure conditions, activate artificial shading equipment to protect crops; Spray cooling: Regulate the air humidity in the field through the spray system to maintain a suitable growth environment.

[0045] Step 6: Harvesting and Recycling 6.1 Intelligent harvesting equipment Use an intelligent yam harvester, combined with root zone sensor monitoring, to determine the location and size of tubers and automatically adjust the harvesting depth to avoid tuber damage or breakage.

[0046] 6.2 Returning straw to fields and composting After the yam is harvested, the crop waste is crushed and returned directly to the field to increase soil organic matter. At the same time, the waste that cannot be returned directly to the field is composted and fermented to generate organic fertilizer for the next planting cycle.

[0047] 6.3 Soil restoration and deep tillage After the harvest, the soil is deep plowed and biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer are applied at a rate of 500-1000 kg per mu to improve soil structure and restore fertility, laying the foundation for the next round of planting.

[0048] Example 1: Selenium-rich and high-calcium yam cultivation based on standard technology Step 1: Soil Improvement The soil was turned to a depth of 40 cm.

[0049] Apply 2,500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, 300 kg of lime as calcium fertilizer, and 1 kg of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) mixed with humic acid to promote the biological availability of selenium.

[0050] Apply 800 kg of compound microbial fertilizer consisting of rhizobia, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria per mu.

[0051] Step 2: Planting and Nutrition Management Planting density: row spacing 70 cm, plant spacing 40 cm, planting depth 15 cm.

[0052] During the seedling stage, 200 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.8 kg of selenium fertilizer are applied per mu, and the water and fertilizer drip irrigation system is used for 2 hours a day to ensure that the soil is moist.

[0053] In the middle of the growing season, apply 100 kg of calcium nitrate and 0.5 kg of selenium fertilizer, which are supplemented every 7 days through the drip irrigation system.

[0054] During the tuber swelling period, foliar spraying is carried out every 15 days. The foliar fertilizer contains 0.2 kg of nano-selenium and 0.4 kg of nano-calcium, and the spraying amount is 200 ml per mu.

[0055] Step 3: Green pest control Release ladybugs and predatory mites regularly, and use biological pesticides (such as Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana) weekly to control underground pests and root diseases.

[0056] Install light traps and sex lure trapping systems.

[0057] Step 4: Smart irrigation The drip irrigation volume of the integrated water and fertilizer system is automatically adjusted according to the soil moisture and temperature monitored by the sensor. The soil moisture is maintained at 60%-70% during the growing period, and the spray system is activated to cool down when the temperature is high.

[0058] Step 5: Harvesting and Resource Recycling Use intelligent yam harvester to ensure that the tubers are not damaged.

[0059] After harvest, the straw is returned to the field and compost is applied.

[0060] Example 2: Enhanced Selenium-Rich and High-Calcium Planting Process Step 1: Soil Improvement The soil was turned to a depth of 45 cm.

[0061] Apply 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 350 kg of calcium nitrate, 1.2 kg of organic selenium fertilizer, and mix in 500 kg of humic acid soil conditioner.

[0062] Apply 1,000 kg of microbial fertilizer per mu.

[0063] Step 2: Planting and Nutrition Management Planting density: row spacing 60 cm, plant spacing 35 cm, planting depth 15 cm.

[0064] During the seedling stage, 250 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 1 kg of organic selenium fertilizer were applied per mu, and the drip irrigation time was controlled at 3 hours a day.

[0065] In the medium term, add 150 kg of calcium nitrate and 0.7 kg of selenium fertilizer every 5 days.

[0066] During the tuber bulking period, nano-selenium and nano-calcium are used for foliar spraying, with a spraying amount of 300 ml per mu.

[0067] Step 3: Green pest control Release natural enemy insects regularly and use biological pesticides every 10 days.

[0068] Pest data is monitored through the AI ​​monitoring system, and the frequency of light traps is automatically adjusted.

[0069] Step 4: Smart irrigation According to real-time meteorological and soil data, the drip irrigation frequency is controlled and the soil moisture is maintained at 65%-75%.

[0070] Step 5: Harvesting and Resource Recycling After intelligent harvesting, deep plowing is carried out and 1,000 kg of organic compost is applied to restore the soil.

[0071] Example 3: Refined Selenium-Rich and High-Calcium Planting Process Step 1: Soil Improvement The soil was turned to a depth of 50 cm.

[0072] Apply 3,500 kg of organic fertilizer, 400 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1.5 kg of organic selenium fertilizer per mu, and adjust the soil pH to 6.8.

[0073] 1,250 kg of high-efficiency microbial fertilizer was used, with a focus on strengthening rhizosphere microbial regulation.

[0074] Step 2: Planting and Nutrition Management Planting density: row spacing 65 cm, plant spacing 30 cm, planting depth 15 cm.

[0075] During the seedling stage, 300 kg of organic nitrogen fertilizer and 1.5 kg of organic selenium compound fertilizer were applied per mu, and drip irrigation was carried out for 3.5 hours per day.

[0076] In the medium term, apply 200 kg of calcium nitrate and 1 kg of selenium fertilizer, supplementing every 3 days.

[0077] During the tuber bulking period, spray 400 ml of nano-selenium and nano-calcium solution per mu for 4 consecutive times.

[0078] Step 3: Green pest control Utilize AI intelligent pest and disease prediction system to dynamically adjust the application strategies of biological pesticides and natural enemy insects to control the life cycle of pests.

[0079] Step 4: Smart irrigation By using fiber optic sensors to monitor root moisture and nutrients in real time, the system automatically adjusts the irrigation frequency to maintain soil moisture at 70%-80% every day.

[0080] Step 5: Harvesting and Resource Recycling After intelligent harvesting, the straw is crushed and returned to the field, deep plowing is carried out for recovery, and 1,500 kg of compost is applied.

[0081] Comparative Example 1: Traditional planting technology Step 1: Soil Improvement The soil was turned to a depth of 30 cm.

[0082] Apply 1,500 kg of ordinary organic fertilizer, 100 kg of calcium nitrate, and 0.5 kg of selenium fertilizer per mu.

[0083] No microbial fertilizers are used.

[0084] Step 2: Planting and Nutrition Management Planting density: row spacing 60 cm, plant spacing 40 cm.

[0085] The fertilization method is traditional spreading method, applying 150 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.5 kg of selenium fertilizer per mu.

[0086] There is no foliar spraying and the drip irrigation frequency is fixed at 2 hours per day.

[0087] Step 3: Pest and disease control Use chemical pesticides and spray once a month.

[0088] Step 4: Irrigation Management The traditional sprinkler irrigation method was used, with irrigation every 5 days and no monitoring of soil moisture.

[0089] Step 5: Harvest and Recycle Manual harvesting is adopted and the straw is directly discarded without being processed.

[0090] Comparative Example 2: Single Fertilization Process Step 1: Soil Improvement The soil was turned to a depth of 35 cm.

[0091] 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 120 kg of calcium nitrate were applied per mu, and no selenium fertilizer was added.

[0092] Step 2: Planting and Nutrition Management Planting density: row spacing 65 cm, plant spacing 45 cm.

[0093] Only apply nitrogen fertilizer and calcium fertilizer in the middle period, no selenium fertilizer, and fertilize once every 7 days.

[0094] Step 3: Pest and disease control Use chemical pesticides and spray once a month.

[0095] Step 4: Irrigation Management Irrigation was performed every 7 days and soil moisture was not monitored.

[0096] Step 5: Harvest and Recycle Mechanical harvesting is adopted and the straw is directly discarded without being processed.

[0097] Comparative Example 3: No intelligent management process Step 1: Soil Improvement The soil was turned to a depth of 40 cm.

[0098] 2,500 kg of organic fertilizer, 300 kg of calcium nitrate and no microbial fertilizer are applied per mu.

[0099] Step 2: Planting and Nutrition Management Planting density: row spacing 70 cm, plant spacing 40 cm.

[0100] Fertilization was done manually, with 200 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 100 kg of calcium fertilizer applied per acre, without the addition of selenium fertilizer.

[0101] Step 3: Pest and disease control Chemical pesticides are used for prevention and control, without the release of biological pesticides or natural enemies.

[0102] Step 4: Irrigation Management Traditional fixed irrigation time, drip irrigation without intelligent adjustment.

[0103] Step 5: Harvest and Recycle Harvested manually, the straw is directly discarded.

[0104] Comparative Experimental Design In order to evaluate the effect of the selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process of the present invention, Examples 1, 2, and 3 were experimentally compared with Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3. During the experiment, the selenium and calcium content and yield of the yam under each planting method were measured. The specific experimental steps are as follows: Under the same environmental conditions, the above different planting techniques were used to plant yam.

[0105] The yam was harvested when it was mature, and the selenium and calcium content per acre as well as the total yield were measured.

[0106] The experimental period was one growing season (about 6 months).

[0107] Experimental results data: According to the table, the yields of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 are significantly higher than those of the comparative example, especially the yield of Example 3 reaches 3700 kg / mu, which is 32% higher than the 2800 kg / mu of Comparative Example 1; the selenium content of the embodiment is much higher than that of the comparative example. The selenium content of Example 3 is 1.20 mg / kg, which is 242% higher than the 0.35 mg / kg of Comparative Example 1; the calcium content of the embodiment is also significantly improved. The calcium content of Example 3 is 45 mg / kg, which is 125% higher than the 20 mg / kg of Comparative Example 1; the results show that the selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process of the present invention can effectively improve the selenium, calcium content and yield of yam, and has obvious advantages over traditional processes.

[0108] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Soil improvement: Deeply plow the planting soil and apply organic fertilizer, selenium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer to adjust the soil structure; Yam cultivation: Yams are planted in improved soil, with precise planting according to the predetermined plant and row spacing; Precision fertilization: Selenium-rich and high-calcium precision fertilization is carried out on yam in stages, and the selenium and calcium content is adjusted according to the growth needs of the crop during fertilization; Green pest control: Use biological pesticides, natural enemy insects and physical capture technology to control pests; Intelligent water and fertilizer irrigation: using water and fertilizer integration technology and intelligent drip irrigation system to achieve synchronous supply of water and nutrients; Harvesting and resource recycling: After the yam is harvested, the crop waste is returned to the field as straw or composted to increase soil organic matter.

2. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the soil improvement step, the soil is deep-turned to a depth of 30-50 cm, and 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 300 kg of calcium fertilizer, and 0.8-1.2 kg of sodium selenate or organic selenium fertilizer are applied per mu.

3. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the precise fertilization step, the fertilization methods at different stages of yam growth include: (1) Apply nitrogen fertilizer and selenium-rich compound fertilizer during the seedling stage; (2) Apply calcium nitrate and selenium-rich organic fertilizer during the vigorous growth period of stems and leaves; (3) Apply nano-selenium and nano-calcium fertilizers during the tuber bulking period.

4. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process according to claim 3, characterized in that: During the tuber expansion period, selenium-rich and high-calcium foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves every 15 days for 3 consecutive times, with 0.5-1 kg of selenium fertilizer and 100-200 kg of calcium fertilizer used per mu.

5. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent water and fertilizer irrigation system includes underground multi-layer drip irrigation pipes. The deep layer is used to supply water and fertilizer during the root development period, and the shallow layer is used to keep the surface moist. Sensors are used to monitor soil moisture and nutrient content in real time per acre.

6. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water-fertilizer integrated system is controlled through an Internet of Things platform, and the water-fertilizer ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the selenium and calcium concentrations in the soil to maintain nutritional balance.

7. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the green pest control step, biological pesticides include Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana, natural enemy insects include predatory mites and ladybugs, and light traps and sex attractants are used to capture pests.

8. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the process of pest control, a disease resistance inducer is combined, and the inducer is salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate, which is sprayed regularly to improve the disease resistance of crops.

9. A selenium-rich and high-calcium yam planting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resource recycling step includes: composting and fermenting crop waste to generate organic fertilizer for subsequent planting, and applying 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer after returning straw to the field per mu.

10. The method for planting yam rich in selenium and calcium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resource recycling step also includes: after the yam is harvested, the soil is deep plowed and biofertilizer is applied, with 500-1000 kilograms per mu applied to restore soil fertility and structure.

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