Paddy field seedling culture and culture method for procambarus clarkii in cold region

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, and discloses a paddy field seedling culture and culture method for procambarus clarkii, which comprises the following steps: S1, seedling culture; a greenhouse is built on one side of the paddy field, and in spring, hatching and seedling raising are conducted on the procambarus clarkii in the greenhouse; s2, seedling separation; a nursery pond is built outside the greenhouse, and seedling separation and cultivation are conducted in the nursery pond; s3, breeding; after rice transplanting in the paddy field is completed, the shrimp seeds in the nursery pond are transferred into the paddy field to be cultured. According to the rice field seedling culture and culture method for the procambarus clarkii in the cold region, integration of hatching, seedling culture and culture is achieved, the rice field is used as a support, the culture space is effectively reduced, cross-land transfer and transportation are not needed, the culture cost is effectively reduced, and death of shrimp seedlings in the transportation process is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of aquatic product breeding, and more specifically to a method for breeding crayfish seedlings in rice fields in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] Procambarus clarkii is an arthropod of the genus Procambarus in the family Amphiprionidae, commonly known as crayfish or freshwater lobster. Procambarus clarkii is native to northeastern Mexico and south-central United States. Subsequently, its distribution range has gradually expanded, and it is almost distributed all over the world except Antarctica and Oceania. Procambarus clarkii has strong adaptability to the environment and can survive in various water bodies. It has a strong tolerance to hypoxic environments and can even survive in waters where some fish find it difficult to survive. It often lives in ditches, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, rice fields and other waters, and leads a benthic life. Procambarus clarkii is an aquatic species with high economic value; it contains high protein, low fat and low calories, and is one of the high-quality aquatic delicacies.

[0003] The breeding process of Procambarus clarkii in cold regions is to first hatch them in a hatchery, then transfer the hatched shrimp fry to a nursery for breeding, and finally transfer and transport them to a farm for breeding. In this process, multiple transfers are required, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, increases the breeding cost, and the shrimp fry mortality rate is high during the transportation process. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for raising and cultivating Procambarus clarkii seedlings in rice fields in cold regions.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for raising and cultivating crayfish seedlings in rice fields in cold regions, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Seedling cultivation;

[0007] A greenhouse is built on one side of the rice field, and in the spring, the crayfish are hatched and raised in the greenhouse;

[0008] S2: seedling separation;

[0009] Build a nursery pool outside the greenhouse and carry out seedling cultivation in the nursery pool;

[0010] S3: Farming;

[0011] After rice seedlings are planted in the rice fields, the shrimp seedlings in the nursery ponds are transferred to the rice fields for breeding.

[0012] Preferably: in step S1, there is a hatching pool in the greenhouse, and an organic matrix is ​​laid at the bottom of the seedling pool.

[0013] Preferred organic matter is fermented rice straw or humus.

[0014] Preferably: in step S1, during the incubation process, a probiotic preparation is added into the incubation tank to promote the decomposition of organic matter.

[0015] Preferably: in step S1, during the incubation process, aquatic plants are put into the incubation pond to increase the attachment base of microorganisms.

[0016] Preferably: in step S1, a biological filtration system is used to purify water in the hatching pool, nutrient solution containing trace elements is regularly added, and the water temperature is controlled within the range of 15-25°C.

[0017] Preferably: in step S1, electrodes are arranged in the incubation pool, and the electrodes are used for discharging to perform electrochemical treatment, thereby improving water quality and bottom quality through electrolytic reaction.

[0018] Preferably: in step S1, a composite material rich in nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, nano metal oxides, etc.) is added to the organic matrix to enhance the substrate adsorption and catalytic capabilities.

[0019] Preferably: in step S2, the bottom of the nursery pond is made into an irregular undulating shape to increase the surface area, and multiple escape areas are provided to reduce stress response. The nursery pond is provided with a drainage system to collect waste.

[0020] Preferably: in step S2, snail benthic organisms are put into the nursery pond to promote the improvement of the bottom quality, and submerged plants are planted to provide natural bait.

[0021] Preferably: in step S3, the rice fields are firstly reconstructed, the ridges are deepened, the ditch area is expanded, ecological ditches and loach ditches are set up, and 15-20% of the deep water area is reserved.

[0022] Preferred: Improve the paddy field soil, return straw to the field, increase the organic matter content, add biochar, improve the stability of soil aggregates, add calcium and magnesium fertilizers, and improve the soil structure.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the cold-region Procambarus clarkii seedling cultivation method in rice fields proposed by the invention realizes the integration of hatching, seedling cultivation and breeding, relies on rice fields, effectively reduces the breeding space, eliminates the need for cross-regional transfer and transportation, effectively reduces the breeding cost, and avoids the death of shrimp seedlings during transportation.

[0024] The present invention introduces electrodes into the bottom of the nursery pond for electrochemical treatment, thereby improving water quality and bottom quality through electrolytic reaction.

[0025] With organic matter: The electrochemical process is able to decompose organic matter, promote its mineralization, and increase the availability of nutrients.

[0026] With probiotics: The active species (such as reactive oxygen, peroxide, etc.) produced on the electrode surface can inhibit harmful bacteria and improve the living environment of probiotics.

[0027] With aquatic plants: The electrochemical process can increase the dissolved oxygen content in water, creating favorable conditions for the growth of aquatic plants.

[0028] The present invention enhances the substrate adsorption and catalytic capabilities by adding a composite material rich in nano materials into the substrate.

[0029] With organic matter: Nanomaterials have a large specific surface area and can efficiently adsorb and degrade organic matter.

[0030] With probiotics: The surface of nanomaterials has good biocompatibility, providing a high-quality attachment matrix for probiotics.

[0031] With aquatic plants: Nanomaterials can promote the dissolution and transformation of nutrients in water and improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of aquatic plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a screenshot of Table 1 in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a line graph showing changes in the number of bacteria in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a screenshot of Table 2 in Example 5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to example embodiments. It should be understood that the discussion of these embodiments is only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of protection of the contents of this specification. Each example may omit, replace or add various processes or components as needed. In addition, the features described relative to some examples may also be combined in other examples.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] In this embodiment, a method for raising and cultivating crayfish seedlings in rice fields in cold regions is proposed, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1: Seedling cultivation;

[0039] A greenhouse is built on one side of the rice field, and in the spring, the crayfish are hatched and raised in the greenhouse;

[0040] S2: seedling separation;

[0041] Build a nursery pool outside the greenhouse and carry out seedling cultivation in the nursery pool;

[0042] S3: Farming;

[0043] After rice seedlings are planted in the rice fields, the shrimp seedlings in the nursery ponds are transferred to the rice fields for breeding.

[0044] in:

[0045] In step S1, there is a hatching pool in the greenhouse, and an organic matrix is ​​laid at the bottom of the seedling pool.

[0046] The organic matter includes fermented rice straw and humus.

[0047] In step S1, during the incubation process, a probiotic preparation is added to the incubation tank to promote the decomposition of organic matter.

[0048] In step S1, during the incubation process, aquatic plants are placed in the incubation pond to increase the attachment base of microorganisms.

[0049] In step S1, a biological filtration system is used to purify water in the hatching pool, nutrient solution containing trace elements is regularly added, and the water temperature is controlled within the range of 15-25°C.

[0050] In step S1, electrodes are arranged in the incubation pool, and the electrodes are used for discharging to perform electrochemical treatment, thereby improving water quality and bottom quality through electrolytic reaction.

[0051] In step S1, a composite material rich in nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, nano metal oxides, etc.) is added to an organic matrix to enhance substrate adsorption and catalytic capabilities.

[0052] In step S2, the bottom of the nursery pond is made into an irregular undulating shape to increase the surface area, and multiple sheltering areas are set to reduce stress response. The nursery pond is provided with a drainage system to collect waste.

[0053] In step S2, snail benthic organisms are put into the nursery pond to promote the improvement of the bottom quality, and submerged plants are planted to provide natural bait.

[0054] In step S3, the rice fields are firstly renovated by deepening the ridges, expanding the ditch area, setting up ecological ditches and loach ditches, and reserving 15-20% of the deep water area.

[0055] Improve the soil in rice fields by returning straw to the fields to increase the organic matter content, add biochar to improve the stability of soil aggregates, add calcium and magnesium fertilizers, and improve soil structure.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] On the basis of Example 1, electrodes are arranged in the hatching pool, and the electrodes are used for discharging to perform electrochemical treatment, thereby improving water quality and bottom quality through electrolytic reaction.

[0058] Electrode material selection:

[0059] Adopt alloy electrodes with strong corrosion resistance and long service life.

[0060] The electrodes are detachable for easy replacement and maintenance.

[0061] Current intensity control:

[0062] Use a programmable power system to achieve precise adjustment of current intensity.

[0063] Combined with online water quality monitoring data, an automated control algorithm is developed to dynamically optimize current parameters.

[0064] A safety protection device is set up to automatically cut off the power supply when the current exceeds the safe range.

[0065] Programmable DC power system:

[0066] Main controller: uses 32-bit ARM microprocessor.

[0067] Power output range: 0-30V adjustable, 0-10A adjustable.

[0068] Minimum adjustment accuracy: voltage 0.1V, current 0.01A.

[0069] Sampling frequency: 100 times per second.

[0070] Current control parameters according to the growth stage of shrimp fry: 1. Initial hatching period (1-7 days):

[0071] Current intensity: 0.1-0.3A;

[0072] Voltage: 3-5V;

[0073] Power-on time: 4 times a day, 15 minutes each time. 2. Seedling stage (8-21 days):

[0074] Current intensity: 0.3-0.5A;

[0075] Voltage: 5-8V;

[0076] Power-on time: 3 times a day, 20 minutes each time. 3. Growth period (after 22 days):

[0077] Current intensity: 0.5-0.8A;

[0078] Voltage: 8-12V;

[0079] Power-on time: 2 times a day, 30 minutes each time. Water quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment:

[0080] 4. Monitoring parameters:

[0081] pH (normal range: 6.5-7.5);

[0082] Dissolved oxygen (not less than 5 mg / L);

[0083] Water temperature (15-25℃);

[0084] Ammonia nitrogen content (less than 0.5 mg / L).

[0085] 5. Adjustment strategy when parameters are abnormal: When pH is high: increase current intensity by 10%;

[0086] When dissolved oxygen is insufficient: extend the power-on time by 5 minutes; when ammonia nitrogen exceeds the standard: increase the voltage by 2V;

[0087] 6. Safety protection measures:

[0088] Overcurrent protection threshold:

[0089] Incubation period: maximum current 0.5A;

[0090] Seedling stage: maximum current 0.8A;

[0091] Growth period: maximum current 1.2A.

[0092] Voltage protection threshold:

[0093] Maximum output voltage: 15V;

[0094] Minimum output voltage: 2V.

[0095] 7. Electrode potential difference control:

[0096] For 10m 2 Nursery pond:

[0097] Electrode spacing: 0.5m;

[0098] Electrode arrangement: 5×4 array arrangement.

[0099] Potential difference of a single set of electrodes:

[0100] Incubation period: 2-3V;

[0101] Seedling stage: 3-5V;

[0102] Growth period: 5-8V.

[0103] Electrode arrangement optimization:

[0104] Multiple groups of electrodes are evenly arranged on the bottom of the pool to form a uniform electric field distribution.

[0105] Based on the water flow distribution, staggered or gradient layout is adopted to improve treatment efficiency.

[0106] A three-dimensional electrode structure is used to increase the effective reaction interface area.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] This example is used to verify the decomposition effect of electrochemical treatment on organic matter in water and the release of nutrients.

[0109] 1. Experimental Materials and Equipment

[0110] Titanium-based electrode (anode coating RuO2, cathode pure titanium);

[0111] Adjustable DC power supply (0-30V, 0-10A);

[0112] TOC analyzer;

[0113] Spectrophotometer;

[0114] pH meter;

[0115] Dissolved oxygen meter;

[0116] Standard water sample (containing known concentration of organic matter).

[0117] 2. Experimental steps

[0118] 1. Set up 3 groups of parallel control experiments:

[0119] Experimental group A: power-on treatment (5 V, 0.5 A);

[0120] Experimental group B: power-on treatment (8 V, 0.8 A);

[0121] Control group C: no electricity.

[0122] 2. Take 500L water sample from each group and put it into the experimental pool

[0123] 3. Measure once every 24 hours: TOC content, ammonia nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration, pH value, dissolved oxygen;

[0124] 4. Experimental period: 7 days

[0125] 3. Experimental results are attached Figure 1 Table 1

[0126] IV. Results Analysis

[0127] Electrochemical treatment significantly increased the degradation rate of organic matter. The 8V voltage group had the best degradation effect, with a TOC removal rate of 82.4% in 7 days. Electrochemical treatment promoted the release of nutrients, which was beneficial for subsequent utilization.

[0128] Example 4

[0129] This example is used to study the effect of electrochemical treatment on the inhibition of harmful bacteria and the growth of probiotics.

[0130] 1. Experimental Materials and Equipment

[0131] Electrode system (same as above);

[0132] Bacteria counter;

[0133] Selective culture medium;

[0134] Probiotic strain (Bacillus subtilis);

[0135] Common pathogens (Aeromonas).

[0136] 2. Experimental steps

[0137] 1. Prepare 4 experimental pools (100L):

[0138] Group A: adding probiotics + electrochemical treatment;

[0139] Group B: adding pathogens + electrochemical treatment;

[0140] Group C: mixed flora + electrochemical treatment;

[0141] Group D: mixed flora control group.

[0142] 2. Electrochemical treatment parameters: 6V, 0.6A

[0143] 3. Sampling and testing every 12 hours:

[0144] The number of probiotics, the number of pathogens, dissolved oxygen, and ORP value.

[0145] 3. Experimental results are attached Figure 2 .

[0146] IV. Results Analysis

[0147] From the results we can see that:

[0148] In group A (probiotics + electrochemical treatment), the number of probiotics increased rapidly over time, reaching 8.9 logCFU / mL after 72 hours, which was significantly higher than that of the control group.

[0149] In group B (pathogens + electrochemical treatment), the number of pathogens continued to decrease, falling to 1.7 log CFU / mL after 72 hours. Electrochemical treatment inhibited the growth of pathogens.

[0150] In group C (mixed bacterial flora + electrochemical treatment), probiotics were dominant and gradually increased, while pathogenic bacteria were significantly inhibited.

[0151] In group D (mixed flora control group), the number of each type of flora did not change much, and no obvious advantage was observed.

[0152] Electrochemical treatment improved the survival advantage of probiotics, the number of pathogens was significantly inhibited, and the ORP value was maintained in an appropriate range, which was conducive to the growth of probiotics.

[0153] Example 5

[0154] This embodiment is used to study the growth effect experiment of aquatic plants.

[0155] 1. Experimental Materials

[0156] aquatic plants (zizania);

[0157] Nanocomposite substrate;

[0158] Plant growth chambers;

[0159] Chlorophyll meter.

[0160] 2. Experimental steps

[0161] 1. Set up the processing group:

[0162] A: Normal substrate;

[0163] B: Nanocomposite substrate.

[0164] 2. Monitoring indicators: plant height, biomass, chlorophyll content, and root system development.

[0165] 3. Experimental period: 30 days

[0166] 3. Experimental Results

[0167] Table 2: Comparison of aquatic plant growth parameters

[0168] parameter Normal substrate Nano substrate Plant height growth rate (%) 45.3 72.8 Biomass (g / plant) 12.5 18.7 Chlorophyll (mg / g) 2.8 4.2 Root length (cm) 15.6 23.4

[0169] IV. Results Analysis

[0170] Nanomaterials significantly promote plant growth, improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and promote healthier root development.

[0171] The above describes an embodiment of the present invention, but this embodiment is not limited to the above specific implementation methods. The above specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this embodiment, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms, all of which are protected by this embodiment.

Claims

1. A method for raising and cultivating crayfish seedlings in rice fields in cold regions, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Seedling cultivation; A greenhouse is built on one side of the rice field, and in the spring, the crayfish are hatched and raised in the greenhouse; S2: seedling separation; Build a nursery pool outside the greenhouse and carry out seedling cultivation in the nursery pool; S3: Farming; After rice seedlings are planted in the rice fields, the shrimp seedlings in the nursery ponds are transferred to the rice fields for breeding.

2. The method for raising and cultivating rice field seedlings of Procambarus clarkii in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, there is a hatching pool in the greenhouse, and an organic matrix is ​​laid at the bottom of the seedling pool.

3. The method for raising and cultivating the rice field seedlings of Procambarus clarkii in cold regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, during the incubation process, a probiotic preparation is added into the incubation pool to promote the decomposition of organic matter, and aquatic plants are placed into the incubation pool to increase the attachment base of microorganisms.

4. The method for raising and cultivating the rice field seedlings of Procambarus clarkii in cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, a biological filtration system is used to purify water in the hatching pool, nutrient solution containing trace elements is regularly added, and the water temperature is controlled within the range of 15-25°C.

5. The method for raising and cultivating the rice field seedlings of Procambarus clarkii in cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, electrodes are arranged in the incubation pool, and the electrodes are used for discharging to perform electrochemical treatment, thereby improving water quality and bottom quality through electrolytic reaction.

6. The method for raising and cultivating rice field seedlings of Procambarus clarkii in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the bottom of the nursery pond is made into an irregular undulating shape to increase the surface area, and multiple sheltering areas are set to reduce stress response. The nursery pond is provided with a drainage system to collect waste.

7. The method for raising and cultivating Procambarus clarkii seedlings in rice fields in cold regions according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, snail benthic organisms are put into the nursery pond to promote the improvement of the bottom quality, and submerged plants are planted to provide natural bait.

8. The method for raising and cultivating crayfish seedlings in rice fields in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the rice fields are firstly renovated by deepening the ridges, expanding the ditch area, setting up ecological ditches and loach ditches, and reserving 15-20% of the deep water area.

9. The method for raising and cultivating Procambarus clarkii seedlings in rice fields in cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that: Improve the soil in rice fields by returning straw to the fields to increase the organic matter content, add biochar to improve the stability of soil aggregates, add calcium and magnesium fertilizers, and improve soil structure.

10. The method for raising and cultivating Procambarus clarkii seedlings in rice fields in cold regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, a composite material rich in nanomaterials is added to an organic matrix to enhance substrate adsorption and catalytic capabilities.

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