Plant source composite medicament and application thereof in preventing and treating jujube rust disease of jujube tree

Abstract

The invention discloses a botanical composite agent and application thereof to prevention and treatment of jujube rust of jujube trees, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The botanical composite medicament is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of vanillic acid, 5-8 parts of an impatiens qinlingensis extract and 6-10 parts of a clematis Shaanxi extract. According to the invention, three simple plant source components are compounded to obtain the plant source composite agent, the composite agent has an excellent prevention and treatment effect on the jujube rust disease, the preparation method is simple, green and environment-friendly, and the composite agent has positive promotion significance on prevention and treatment of the jujube rust disease and sustainable development of the jujube industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a plant-derived composite agent and application thereof in preventing and treating jujube rust disease of jujube trees. Background Art

[0002] The jujube tree has a very long history of cultivation and a wide distribution range. It has the characteristics of strong adaptability, long life, easy management, and quick returns, and has extremely high economic value.

[0003] Jujube rust is a common epidemic disease of jujube trees, which is prone to large-scale outbreaks under hot and rainy climate conditions in summer. The pathogen of jujube rust is Puccinia jujuba, which can form two types of spores, summer spores and winter spores, on jujube tree leaves. At present, the overwintering mode of jujube rust is not very clear. It is generally believed that the summer spores in the summer spore pile on fallen leaves can overwinter, but some scholars believe that it may overwinter as winter spores on fallen leaves. Jujube rust occurs to varying degrees every year, and it mainly harms the leaves. A large amount of yellow-brown rust-like substances will be produced on the back of the diseased leaves, causing the leaves to dry and fall off. When the disease is serious, it will cause the jujube tree leaves to fall off completely, causing huge economic losses to fruit farmers.

[0004] At present, chemical agents are the most effective means of preventing and controlling plant diseases, and some antibacterial agents have been industrialized. However, chemically synthesized agents have many disadvantages such as long preparation cycle, high cost, high toxicity, and severe environmental pollution. They are far from meeting the requirements of sustainable agricultural development. Moreover, long-term and continuous high-dose application of a single pesticide formulation can easily cause problems such as agent residues, environmental pollution, and drug resistance.

[0005] In view of this, providing a plant-derived composite agent with significant control effect on jujube rust has extremely significant positive significance for promoting the development of the jujube industry. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plant-based composite agent and its use in preventing and controlling jujube rust disease in jujube trees, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and achieve effective prevention and control of jujube rust disease by using plant-based components.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a plant-derived composite medicament, the raw materials of which include the following components:

[0009] 1-3 parts of vanillic acid, 5-8 parts of Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract and 6-10 parts of Shaanxi Clematis extract.

[0010] Furthermore, the preparation method of the Impatiens qinlingensis extract comprises the following steps:

[0011] Using ethanol to ultrasonically extract the leaves of Impatiens qinlingensis, freeze-drying the obtained extract to obtain a crude extract;

[0012] The crude extract is dissolved in water, extracted with tert-butanol, and the tert-butanol phase is collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and freeze-dried to obtain the Impatiens qinlingensis extract.

[0013] Furthermore, the ultrasonic power is 100-300w, and the ultrasonic time is 5-10min.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the Shaanxi Clematis extract comprises the following steps:

[0015] The rhizome of Shaanxi Clematis is crushed, added into a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and methanol for extraction, and the extract is concentrated and dried to obtain the Shaanxi Clematis extract.

[0016] Furthermore, the leaching temperature is 40-45°C, and the leaching pressure is 2-3MPa.

[0017] Furthermore, in the mixed solution, the volume ratio of ethyl acetate to methanol is 1-2:1-1.5; the more preferred volume ratio is 2:1.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned plant-derived composite medicament, comprising the following steps:

[0019] The Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract, Shaanxi Clematis extract and vanillic acid are mixed in proportions according to parts by mass to obtain the plant-derived composite agent.

[0020] The present invention further provides application of the plant-derived composite agent in the prevention and treatment of jujube rust.

[0021] Furthermore, the plant-based composite agent is diluted and then sprayed on jujube tree leaves.

[0022] Furthermore, the dilution factor is 1000-2000 times.

[0023] Vanillic acid and vanillin are both cinnamic acid derivatives and are widely found in nature. They are found in many plants and essential oils such as vanilla beans, vanilla pods, Peruvian balsam, benzoin cream, and Javanese oil. They are metabolites of tyrosine and catecholamines.

[0024] Impatiens linocentra Hand.-Mazz. is a plant endemic to Shaanxi, China. It is an annual herb that blooms in August and fruits in September-October.

[0025] Shaanxi Clematis (scientific name: Clematis shensiensis WTWang) is a vine of the Ranunculaceae family and the Clematis genus. The stems and branches are cylindrical, with longitudinal stripes and short soft hairs. The leaves are pinnately compound, often with 5 leaflets. The peduncle and pedicel are densely pubescent; the flower diameter is 3-5 cm; the sepals are 4, or 5-6, spreading, and white. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is from August to September.

[0026] Vanillic acid, as a medicinal ingredient from plants, has been found to have certain antibacterial effects. The present invention finds that compounding vanillic acid with extracts of Impatiens qinlingensis and Clematis shaanxiensis can play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of jujube rust; further research finds that for the prevention and treatment of jujube rust, the effective components of Clematis shaanxiensis exist in the mixed extraction phase of ethyl acetate and methanol, and the effective components of Impatiens qinlingensis exist in the tert-butyl alcohol extraction phase of the flower.

[0027] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0028] The present invention utilizes three simple plant-based components to compound to obtain a plant-based composite agent, which has excellent control effects on jujube rust, and the preparation method is simple and green and environmentally friendly, and has a positive promoting significance for the control of jujube rust and the sustainable development of the jujube industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0031] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0032] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0033] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0034] In the prevention and control of jujube rust, the application of chemical agents is a common and effective means.

[0035] For the prevention and treatment of jujube rust, there are compound pesticide compositions in the prior art, such as a pesticide composition containing tetramycin and pyraclostrobin, wherein the active ingredients tetramycin and pyraclostrobin are compounded in a two-component manner, and the mass ratio of tetramycin to pyraclostrobin is 1-50:50-1, which can be used for the prevention and treatment of jujube rust diseases; tetramycin (Wu Ningmycin) is a fermentation metabolite of non-hygroscopic Streptomyces Wuzhou subspecies, and has a broad bactericidal spectrum, and has a strong killing effect on 26 known pathogenic fungi in three major categories, such as flagellates, ascomycetes and Ascomycetes; pyraclostrobin (pyraclostrobin) is a methoxyacrylate fungicide, a new broad-spectrum fungicide, and a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, that is, it inhibits electron transfer in the synthesis of cytochrome bcl.

[0036] Although chemical reagents are effective, they have a long preparation cycle, high cost and serious environmental pollution, and cannot meet the requirements of sustainable agricultural development. It is necessary to provide a plant-based jujube rust control agent.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A plant-derived composite medicine, the raw materials have the following mass proportions:

[0039] 2 parts of vanillic acid, 6 parts of Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract and 8 parts of Shaanxi Clematis extract.

[0040] (1) Preparation of Shaanxi Clematis extract:

[0041] The washed and dried rhizomes of Shaanxi Clematis are crushed and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. After sieving, 8 times the volume of a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and methanol (volume ratio 2:1) is added, and the mixed system is added to an extraction tank. The pressure in the tank is adjusted to 3 MPa, and the extraction is carried out at 45°C for 1 hour. This is repeated 3 times, the extracts are combined, and then concentrated at 4°C. The concentrated solution is freeze-dried to obtain a Shaanxi Clematis extract.

[0042] (2) Preparation of Impatiens qinlingensis extract:

[0043] The leaves of Impatiens qinlingensis were ultrasonically extracted with ethanol (ultrasonic power 200w, ultrasonic time 8min), and the obtained extract was freeze-dried to obtain a crude extract;

[0044] The obtained crude extract was dissolved in water, extracted with tert-butanol, and the tert-butanol phase was collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and freeze-dried to obtain the Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract.

[0045] (3) Preparation of plant-derived compound medicines:

[0046] The Shaanxi Clematis extract, Qinling Impatiens Balsamina leaf extract and vanillic acid are mixed to obtain a plant-derived composite agent.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A plant-derived composite medicine, the raw materials have the following mass proportions:

[0049] 1 part of vanillic acid, 5 parts of Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract and 10 parts of Shaanxi Clematis extract.

[0050] (1) Preparation of Shaanxi Clematis extract:

[0051] The washed and dried rhizomes of Shaanxi Clematis are crushed and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. After sieving, 10 times the volume of a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and methanol (volume ratio 2:1.5) is added, and the mixed system is added to an extraction tank. The pressure in the tank is adjusted to 2.5 MPa, and the extraction is carried out at 40°C for 1 hour. This is repeated 3 times, the extracts are combined, and then concentrated at 4°C. The concentrated solution is freeze-dried to obtain a Shaanxi Clematis extract.

[0052] (2) Preparation of Impatiens qinlingensis extract:

[0053] The leaves of Impatiens qinlingensis were ultrasonically extracted with ethanol (ultrasonic power 150w, ultrasonic time 10min), and the obtained extract was freeze-dried to obtain a crude extract;

[0054] The obtained crude extract was dissolved in water, extracted with tert-butanol, and the tert-butanol phase was collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and freeze-dried to obtain the Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract.

[0055] (3) Preparation of plant-derived compound medicines:

[0056] The Shaanxi Clematis extract, Qinling Impatiens Balsamina leaf extract and vanillic acid are mixed to obtain a plant-derived composite agent.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A plant-derived composite medicine, the raw materials have the following mass proportions:

[0059] 3 parts of vanillic acid, 8 parts of Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract and 6 parts of Shaanxi Clematis extract.

[0060] (1) Preparation of Shaanxi Clematis extract:

[0061] The washed and dried rhizomes of Shaanxi Clematis were crushed and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. After sieving, 6 volumes of a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and methanol (volume ratio 2:1) were added, and the mixed system was added to an extraction tank. The pressure in the tank was adjusted to 2 MPa, and the extraction was carried out at 45°C for 1.5 hours. This was repeated 3 times, the extracts were combined, and then concentrated at 4°C. The concentrated solution was freeze-dried to obtain a Shaanxi Clematis extract.

[0062] (2) Preparation of Impatiens qinlingensis extract:

[0063] The leaves of Impatiens qinlingensis were ultrasonically extracted with ethanol (ultrasonic power 300w, ultrasonic time 8min), and the obtained extract was freeze-dried to obtain a crude extract;

[0064] The obtained crude extract was dissolved in water, extracted with tert-butanol, and the tert-butanol phase was collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and freeze-dried to obtain the Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract.

[0065] (3) Preparation of plant-derived compound medicines:

[0066] The Shaanxi Clematis extract, Qinling Impatiens Balsamina leaf extract and vanillic acid are mixed to obtain a plant-derived composite agent.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The only difference from Example 1 is that the mixed solution of ethyl acetate and methanol used for leaching in step (1) is replaced by an equal volume of chloroform for leaching.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] The only difference from Example 1 is that the leaves of Impatiens qinlingensis in step (2) are replaced by the roots of Impatiens qinlingensis for extraction.

[0071] Comparative Example 3

[0072] The only difference from Example 1 is that the extractant tert-butyl alcohol in step (2) is replaced by ethyl acetate.

[0073] Comparative Example 4

[0074] The only difference from Example 1 is that single vanillic acid is directly used as a plant-derived agent.

[0075] Effect verification example 1

[0076] In the early stage of jujube rust disease in jujube trees in the experimental jujube garden of Shaanxi Province (July 10, 2022), a jujube rust disease prevention and control experiment was carried out, and a pesticide treatment group and a clear water control group were set up:

[0077] Chemical treatment group 1: spray the 1000-fold dilution of the plant-derived composite chemical prepared in Example 1 (using a 5% volume concentration of dimethyl alcohol aqueous solution as the solvent) evenly on both sides of the leaves until the chemical drips;

[0078] Chemical treatment group 2: spray the 1000-fold dilution of the plant-derived composite chemical prepared in Example 2 (using a 5% volume concentration of dimethyl alcohol aqueous solution as the solvent) evenly on both sides of the leaves until the chemical drips;

[0079] Chemical treatment group 3: spray the 1000-fold dilution of the plant-derived composite chemical prepared in Example 3 (using a 5% volume concentration of dimethyl alcohol aqueous solution as the solvent) evenly on both sides of the leaves until the chemical drips;

[0080] Chemical treatment group 4: a 1000-fold dilution of the plant-derived composite chemical prepared in comparative example 1 (using a 5% volume concentration of dimethyl alcohol aqueous solution as a solvent) was evenly sprayed on both sides of the leaves until the chemical dripped;

[0081] Chemical treatment group 5: spray a 1000-fold dilution of the plant-derived composite chemical prepared in Comparative Example 2 (using a 5% volume concentration of dimethyl alcohol aqueous solution as the solvent) evenly on both sides of the leaves until the chemical drips;

[0082] Chemical treatment group 6: spray a 1000-fold dilution of the plant-derived composite chemical prepared in comparative example 3 (using a 5% volume concentration of dimethyl alcohol aqueous solution as the solvent) evenly on both sides of the leaves until the chemical drips;

[0083] Chemical treatment group 7: A 1000-fold dilution of the botanical chemical of Comparative Example 4 (using a 5% by volume dimethyl alcohol aqueous solution as the solvent) was evenly sprayed on both sides of the leaves until the chemical dripped.

[0084] Clean water control group: spray the same amount of clean water as that of each pesticide treatment group.

[0085] The same routine management measures were adopted in each treatment group.

[0086] The incidence of jujube rust was investigated before spraying and on the 10th and 20th day after spraying. One branch was taken from each tree in each treatment group from the east, west, south, north and center, and all leaves of the branch were investigated. The percentage of rust spore piles to the total leaf area was used for classification statistics, and the disease index and control effect of each treatment were calculated.

[0087] Table 1 Classification standards

[0088] Level Value Grading Standards 0 No spores on the underside of the leaves 1 Spore piles occupy ≤ 10% of the total leaf area 3 10%<Spore pile accounts for ≤25% of the total leaf area 5 25%<Spore pile accounts for ≤40% of the total leaf area 7 40%<Spore pile accounts for ≤65% of the total leaf area 9 Spore piles occupy more than 65% of the total leaf area

[0089] in:

[0090] Disease index = ∑ (number of diseased leaves at each level × relative level value) / (total number of leaves surveyed × the level value of the most severe disease level) × 100;

[0091] Control effect = (disease index of the clean water control group - disease index of the drug treatment group) / disease index of the clean water control group × 100%.

[0092] The results of the field control efficacy test for each treatment group are shown in Table 2.

[0093] Table 2

[0094]

[0095] It can be seen from the above prevention effect experiment that the plant-based composite agent of the present invention has a good prevention effect on jujube rust. The prevention effect is high after application, the summer spores on the diseased leaves are basically completely removed, and the leaves remain green; the disease index of the blank control group is higher, and some diseased leaves fall off.

[0096] The jujube yield of each treatment group is shown in Table 3:

[0097] Table 3

[0098] Yield (kg / mu) Yield increase rate (%) Drug treatment group 1 465 355.88 Drug treatment group 2 452 343.14 Drug treatment group 3 448 339.22 Drug treatment group 4 298 192.16 Drug treatment group 5 317 210.78 Drug treatment group 6 305 199.02 Drug treatment group 7 348 241.18 Water control group 102 0.00

[0099] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plant-derived composite agent, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following qualities: 1-3 parts of vanillic acid, 5-8 parts of Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract and 6-10 parts of Shaanxi Clematis extract.

2. The plant-derived composite pharmaceutical according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the Impatiens qinlingensis extract comprises the following steps: Using ethanol to ultrasonically extract the leaves of Impatiens qinlingensis, freeze-drying the obtained extract to obtain a crude extract; The crude extract is dissolved in water, extracted with tert-butanol, and the tert-butanol phase is collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and freeze-dried to obtain the Impatiens qinlingensis extract.

3. The plant-derived composite pharmaceutical according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the Shaanxi Clematis extract comprises the following steps: The rhizome of Shaanxi Clematis is crushed, added into a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and methanol for extraction, and the extract is concentrated and dried to obtain the Shaanxi Clematis extract.

4. The plant-derived composite pharmaceutical according to claim 3, characterized in that: The leaching temperature is 40-45°C, and the leaching pressure is 2-3MPa.

5. The plant-derived composite pharmaceutical according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the mixed solution, the volume ratio of ethyl acetate to methanol is 1-2:1-1.

5.

6. The method for preparing the plant-derived composite pharmaceutical according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The Qinling Impatiens Balsamina extract, Shaanxi Clematis extract and vanillic acid are mixed according to a mass ratio to obtain the plant-derived composite agent.

7. Use of the plant-derived composite agent as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 in the prevention and treatment of jujube rust.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plant-derived composite agent is diluted and then sprayed on jujube tree leaves.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dilution multiple is 1000-2000 times.

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