Material separating and discharging structure of shot clamping prevention hopper lifting mixer

Abstract

The invention discloses a material separating and discharging structure of a pill clamping prevention hopper lifting mixer, and relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical equipment. The device comprises a mixing machine sliding on one side of a lifter, a connecting pipe is fixed to the bottom of the mixing machine through bolts, a proportional butterfly valve is arranged between the connecting pipe and the bottom of the mixing machine, a discharging pipe is fixed to the bottom of the connecting pipe through bolts, a conical outer cylinder is fixedly connected into the discharging pipe, and a plurality of connecting blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder; an inner cylinder is fixedly connected among the plurality of connecting blocks; and each dust removal assembly comprises a mounting seat. The proportional butterfly valve and the discharge plate are respectively mounted at the discharge port of the mixing machine, so that the effects of controlling the material flow, preventing the material from leaking and smoothly flowing out of the mixing machine are achieved, dust or particles can be prevented from being attached to the outer cylinder or the inner cylinder, the dust or small particles in the outer cylinder or the inner cylinder can be sucked out, and the service life of the mixing machine is prolonged. And the quality of discharged raw materials is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pharmaceutical equipment, and in particular relates to a material-separating and material-discharging structure of an anti-pickle hopper lifting mixer. Background Art

[0002] Hopper mixer is a widely used mixing equipment in pharmaceutical, chemical, food and other industries. It has the functions of automatic lifting, mixing, lowering, etc. By configuring a hopper mixer and multiple mixing hoppers of different specifications, it can meet the mixing requirements of multiple varieties and batches. It is an ideal equipment for pharmaceutical mixing, and it is also widely used in chemical, food, light industry and other industries.

[0003] A feed pipe is usually provided at the bottom of the mixer. When the feed pipe discharges the mixed raw materials, the inside of the feed pipe is prone to blockage, which affects the smooth discharge of the raw materials. Therefore, a shot-preventing hopper lifting mixer with separable material feed structure is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a pill-proof hopper lifting mixer with divisible material discharge structure. By respectively installing a proportional butterfly valve and a discharge plate at the discharge port of the mixer, the material flow rate is controlled, material leakage is prevented, and the material flows out of the mixer smoothly. At the same time, dust or particles can be prevented from adhering to the outer cylinder or the inner cylinder, and the dust or small particles therein can be sucked out, thereby improving the quality of the discharged raw materials and solving the existing technical problems.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A pill-preventing hopper lifting mixer with material-dividing and material-discharging structure, comprising: a mixer sliding on one side of an elevator, a connecting pipe fixed to the bottom of the mixer by bolts, a proportional butterfly valve arranged between the connecting pipe and the bottom of the mixer, a discharge pipe fixed to the bottom of the connecting pipe by bolts, a conical outer cylinder fixedly connected in the discharge pipe, a plurality of connecting blocks fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, an inner cylinder fixedly connected between the plurality of connecting blocks, and by respectively installing the proportional butterfly valve and the discharge plate at the material outlet of the mixer, the material flow rate is controlled, the material leakage is prevented, and the material flows out of the mixer smoothly;

[0007] Two dust removal components, the dust removal components include a mounting seat, the mounting seat is fixed to the outer wall of the outer cylinder, a penetrating mounting shaft is rotatably connected between the two sides of the mounting seat, a swing rod is fixedly connected to the circumference of the mounting shaft, a hammer head is fixedly connected to the bottom of the swing rod, and torsion springs are fixedly connected between the two ends of the mounting shaft and the mounting seat. After the discharge is completed, the outer cylinder can be knocked by the cone head, thereby causing it to vibrate, thereby preventing dust or particles from adhering to the outer cylinder or the inner cylinder;

[0008] A control mechanism is arranged in the discharge pipe for controlling the falling of the raw material.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the control mechanism includes a rotating shaft, which rotates and passes through one side of the discharge pipe. One side of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a control frame, and an end of the control frame away from the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a discharge plate. The discharge plate is located at the bottom of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder and contacts with the bottom of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and the discharge plate is made of rubber.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, an outer wall of one side of the discharge pipe is rotatably connected to an electric push rod, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a support rod, and an output end of the electric push rod is rotatably connected to the support rod.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, a fixing frame is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a conical cone head is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, a material guide ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and the material guide ring is conical.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, a driving assembly for driving the hammer head to rotate is arranged between the hammer head and the rotating shaft, and the driving assembly includes an overrunning clutch and an extension rod. The overrunning clutch is fixedly installed on the circumference of the rotating shaft, and a mounting ring is fixedly installed on the circumference of the overrunning clutch. The circumference of the mounting ring is fixedly connected with a plurality of first shift plates, and the extension rod is fixed at the bottom of the hammer head. One end of the extension rod is fixedly connected with a second shift plate used in conjunction with the first shift plate. The hammer head and the swing rod are reset under the action of the torsion spring, thereby causing the outer cylinder to vibrate, thereby preventing dust or raw materials from staying on the outer cylinder or the inner cylinder.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, one side of the discharge pipe is fixedly connected to a connected exhaust box, the top inner wall of the exhaust box is fixedly connected to a filter, the bottom of the exhaust box is fixedly connected to an exhaust fan, and the exhaust box is installed on one side of the discharge pipe, and a filter is provided in the exhaust box, so that during the discharge process, dust or small particles therein can be sucked out, thereby improving the quality of the discharged raw materials.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present invention, the top of the exhaust box is slidably connected with a pull rod that penetrates it, the bottom of the pull rod is fixedly connected with a brush plate, the top of the pull rod is fixedly connected with a push rod, the outer walls of both sides of the discharge pipe are fixedly connected with guide blocks, the guide blocks are slidably connected with a sliding rod that penetrates them, tension springs are fixedly connected between the sliding rod and the guide blocks, connecting rods are rotatably connected between the two ends of the push rod and the two sliding rods, and two eccentric wheels are fixedly connected to the circumference of the rotating shaft, the two eccentric wheels are respectively located on one side of the two sliding rods and are used in conjunction with the sliding rods, and by installing the brush plate on one side of the filter, the brush plate can fall down when the discharge plate is reset, thereby cleaning the filter, thereby improving the use effect of the filter.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, the bottom of the exhaust box is fixedly connected to a collecting tube, and a collecting box is inserted into the collecting tube. The collected powder can be conveniently concentrated through the collecting box for people to use.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention, a connecting flange is welded to the bottom of the discharge pipe.

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In the present invention, by installing the proportional butterfly valve and the discharge plate at the material outlet of the mixer respectively, the material flow rate is controlled, the material leakage is prevented, and the material flows out of the mixer smoothly.

[0020] In the present invention, two hammer heads are installed on one side of the outer cylinder, so that after the discharge is completed, the outer cylinder can be knocked by the cone head to make it vibrate, thereby preventing dust or particles from adhering to the outer cylinder or the inner cylinder.

[0021] In the present invention, an exhaust box is installed on one side of the discharge pipe, and a filter is arranged in the exhaust box, so that during the discharge process, dust or small particles therein can be sucked out, thereby improving the quality of the discharged raw materials.

[0022] In the present invention, by installing a brush plate on one side of the filter screen, the brush plate can fall down when the discharge plate is reset, thereby cleaning the filter screen and improving the use effect of the filter screen.

[0023] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a discharge pipe in a first cross-sectional perspective according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a discharge pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a discharge pipe in a second cross-sectional perspective according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 For an embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A.

[0031] In the figure: 1. lifter; 2. mixer; 3. proportional butterfly valve; 4. connecting pipe; 5. discharge pipe; 6. electric push rod; 7. support rod; 8. rotating shaft; 9. exhaust box; 10. connecting flange; 11. outer cylinder; 12. connecting block; 13. inner cylinder; 14. guide ring; 15. fixing frame; 16. cone head; 17. discharge plate; 18. control frame; 19. overrunning clutch; 20. mounting ring; 21. first dial plate; 22. mounting seat; 23. mounting shaft; 24. torsion spring; 25. swing rod; 26. hammer head; 27. extension rod; 28. second dial plate; 29. ​​exhaust fan; 30. filter; 31. collection box; 32. guide block; 33. slide rod; 34. tension spring; 35. eccentric wheel; 36. connecting rod; 37. push rod; 38. pull rod; 39. brush plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "middle", "length", "inside" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] In order to keep the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, detailed descriptions of well-known functions and well-known components are omitted.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] See also Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a pill-preventing hopper-lifting mixer dispensing and discharging structure is provided, comprising: a mixer 2 sliding on one side of an elevator 1, a connecting pipe 4 is fixed to the bottom of the mixer 2 by bolts, a proportional butterfly valve 3 is arranged between the connecting pipe 4 and the bottom of the mixer 2, and the discharging speed of the mixer 2 is controlled by the proportional butterfly valve 3, a discharge pipe 5 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting pipe 4 by bolts, a conical outer cylinder 11 is fixedly connected inside the discharge pipe 5, a plurality of connecting blocks 12 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 11, an inner cylinder 13 is fixedly connected between the plurality of connecting blocks 12, and raw materials are distributed through the outer cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 13;

[0037] Two dust removal components, the dust removal components include a mounting seat 22, the mounting seat 22 is fixed to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 11, a penetrating mounting shaft 23 is rotatably connected between the two sides of the mounting seat 22, a swing rod 25 is fixedly connected to the circumference of the mounting shaft 23, a hammer head 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the swing rod 25, and a torsion spring 24 is fixedly connected between both ends of the mounting shaft 23 and the mounting seat 22. The hammer head 26 swings and collides with the outer cylinder 11, causing the outer cylinder 11 to vibrate, thereby preventing dust or raw materials from staying on the outer cylinder 11 or the inner cylinder 13;

[0038] A control mechanism is arranged in the discharge pipe 5 to control the falling of the raw materials.

[0039] In the present invention, the control mechanism includes a rotating shaft 8, which rotates and passes through one side of the discharge pipe 5. A control frame 18 is fixedly connected to one side of the rotating shaft 8. A discharge plate 17 is fixedly connected to one end of the control frame 18 away from the rotating shaft 8. The discharge plate 17 is located at the bottom of the outer cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 13 and contacts the bottom of the outer cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 13. The discharge plate 17 is made of rubber. The rubber is made to avoid damaging the raw materials. An electric push rod 6 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of one side of the discharge pipe 5. A support rod 7 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 8. The output end of the electric push rod 6 is rotatably connected to the support rod 7. The electric push rod 6 pushes the rotating shaft 8 to rotate through the support rod 7. The rotating shaft 8 drives the discharge plate 17 to rotate through the control frame 18, thereby causing the raw materials to fall.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] Improved on the basis of embodiment 1: Refer to attached Figure 1-Figure 6 :

[0042] In the present invention, a fixing frame 15 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder 13, a conical cone head 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame 15, and a guide ring 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder 13. The guide ring 14 is conically set. The cone head 16 cooperates with the guide ring 14 to realize the diversion of materials and achieve the effect of precise material distribution.

[0043] In particular, a driving assembly for driving the hammer head 26 to rotate is arranged between the hammer head 26 and the rotating shaft 8, and the driving assembly includes an overrunning clutch 19 and an extension rod 27. The overrunning clutch 19 is fixedly installed on the circumference of the rotating shaft 8, and a mounting ring 20 is fixedly installed on the circumference of the overrunning clutch 19. A plurality of first shift plates 21 are fixedly connected to the circumference of the mounting ring 20. The extension rod 27 is fixed to the bottom of the hammer head 26, and one end of the extension rod 27 is fixedly connected to a second shift plate 28 used in conjunction with the first shift plate 21. The first shift plate 21 contacts the second shift plate 28, and then the hammer head 26 is driven away from the outer cylinder 11 through the second shift plate 28. After the two are out of contact, the hammer head 26 and the swing rod 25 are reset under the action of the torsion spring 24, thereby causing the outer cylinder 11 to vibrate.

[0044] It should be noted that one side of the discharge pipe 5 is fixedly connected to a connected exhaust box 9, the top inner wall of the exhaust box 9 is fixedly connected to a filter screen 30, and the bottom of the exhaust box 9 is fixedly connected to an exhaust fan 29. When the exhaust fan 29 is started, the air in the discharge pipe 5 is discharged, and the dust or raw materials with smaller particles in the falling process are attracted into the exhaust box 9 and then filtered by the filter screen 30, thereby improving the quality of the finished product.

[0045] The top of the exhaust box 9 is slidably connected with a pull rod 38 that penetrates therethrough, the bottom of the pull rod 38 is fixedly connected with a brush plate 39, the top of the pull rod 38 is fixedly connected with a push rod 37, the outer walls of both sides of the discharge pipe 5 are fixedly connected with guide blocks 32, the guide blocks 32 are slidably connected with a penetrating slide rod 33, a tension spring 34 is fixedly connected between the slide rod 33 and the guide blocks 32, both ends of the push rod 37 and the two slide rods 33 are rotatably connected with a connecting rod 36, the circumference of the rotating shaft 8 is fixedly connected with two eccentric wheels 35, the two eccentric wheels 35 are respectively located on one side of the two slide rods 33 and are used in conjunction with the slide rods 33, the eccentric wheels 35 rotate to push the slide rod 33 to move, the slide rod 33 pushes the push rod 37 to move upward through the connecting rod 36, and then drives the brush plate 39 to move upward through the pull rod 38, and when the discharge plate 17 is reset, the brush plate 39 can fall, thereby cleaning the filter screen 30, thereby improving the use effect of the filter screen 30.

[0046] In particular, the bottom of the exhaust box 9 is fixedly connected to a collecting pipe, and a collecting box 31 is inserted into the collecting pipe. The collecting box 31 is used to collect the fallen powder, which is convenient for people to collect.

[0047] It should be noted that a connecting flange 10 is welded to the bottom of the discharge pipe 5, and the flange facilitates the connection between the discharge pipe 5 and the material distribution hopper.

[0048] The use process and working principle of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0049] During discharging, the discharging speed is controlled by the proportional butterfly valve 3, and the electric push rod 6 is started at the same time. The electric push rod 6 pushes the rotating shaft 8 to rotate through the support rod 7, and the rotating shaft 8 drives the discharge plate 17 to rotate through the control frame 18, so that the raw materials fall down. When the raw materials pass through the outer cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 13, they are dispersed by the outer cylinder 11, the inner cylinder 13, the guide ring 14 and the cone head 16, so as to achieve the effect of material distribution. After the discharging is completed, the proportional butterfly valve 3 and the discharge plate 17 are reset. During the reset process of the discharge plate 17, the rotating shaft 8 drives the mounting ring 20 and the first dial plate 21 to rotate through the overrunning clutch 19. The first dial plate 21 contacts the second dial plate 28, and then the hammer head 26 is driven away from the outer cylinder 11 through the second dial plate 28. After the two are out of contact, the hammer head 26 and the swing rod 25 are reset under the action of the torsion spring 24, so that the outer cylinder 11 vibrates to prevent dust or raw materials from staying on the outer cylinder 11 or the inner cylinder 13;

[0050] During the discharge process, the exhaust fan 29 is started, and the exhaust fan 29 discharges the air in the discharge pipe 5. The dust or raw materials with smaller particles in the falling process are attracted to the exhaust box 9 and then filtered by the filter 30 to improve the quality of the finished product. During the opening of the discharge plate 17, the rotation of the rotating shaft 8 drives the eccentric wheel 35 to rotate. The eccentric wheel 35 pushes the slide bar 33 to move. The slide bar 33 pushes the top rod 37 to move upward through the connecting rod 36, and then drives the brush plate 39 to move upward through the pull rod 38. When the discharge plate 17 is reset, the brush plate 39 can fall down to clean the filter 30, thereby improving the use effect of the filter 30.

[0051] It should be noted that, in the description of this specification, descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. are merely used to distinguish between various features and have no actual order or directional meaning, and this application is not limited to this.

[0052] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A pellet-preventing hopper lifting mixer with separate material feeding structure, characterized in that: include: A mixer (2) slides on one side of the elevator (1), a connecting pipe (4) is fixed to the bottom of the mixer (2) by bolts, a proportional butterfly valve (3) is arranged between the connecting pipe (4) and the bottom of the mixer (2), a discharge pipe (5) is fixed to the bottom of the connecting pipe (4) by bolts, a conical outer cylinder (11) is fixedly connected inside the discharge pipe (5), a plurality of connecting blocks (12) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder (11), and an inner cylinder (13) is fixedly connected between the plurality of connecting blocks (12); Two dust removal components, the dust removal components comprising a mounting seat (22), the mounting seat (22) being fixed to the outer wall of the outer cylinder (11), a penetrating mounting shaft (23) being rotatably connected between the two sides of the mounting seat (22), a swing rod (25) being fixedly connected to the circumference of the mounting shaft (23), a hammer head (26) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the swing rod (25), and a torsion spring (24) being fixedly connected between both ends of the mounting shaft (23) and the mounting seat (22); A control mechanism is arranged in the discharge pipe (5) and is used to control the falling of the raw materials.

2. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The control mechanism comprises a rotating shaft (8), the rotating shaft (8) rotatably passes through one side of the discharge pipe (5), one side of the rotating shaft (8) is fixedly connected to a control frame (18), an end of the control frame (18) away from the rotating shaft (8) is fixedly connected to a discharge plate (17), the discharge plate (17) is located at the bottom of the outer cylinder (11) and the inner cylinder (13) and contacts the bottom of the outer cylinder (11) and the inner cylinder (13), and the discharge plate (17) is made of rubber.

3. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: An electric push rod (6) is rotatably connected to an outer wall of one side of the discharge pipe (5), one end of the rotating shaft (8) is fixedly connected to a support rod (7), and an output end of the electric push rod (6) is rotatably connected to the support rod (7).

4. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing frame (15) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder (13), and a conical cone head (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame (15).

5. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: A material guide ring (14) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder (13), and the material guide ring (14) is conical.

6. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A driving assembly for driving the hammer head (26) to rotate is arranged between the hammer head (26) and the rotating shaft (8), and the driving assembly comprises an overrunning clutch (19) and an extension rod (27). The overrunning clutch (19) is fixedly mounted on the circumference of the rotating shaft (8), a mounting ring (20) is fixedly mounted on the circumference of the overrunning clutch (19), and a plurality of first shifting plates (21) are fixedly connected to the circumference of the mounting ring (20). The extension rod (27) is fixed to the bottom of the hammer head (26), and one end of the extension rod (27) is fixedly connected to a second shifting plate (28) used in conjunction with the first shifting plate (21).

7. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the discharge pipe (5) is fixedly connected to a connected exhaust box (9), a filter screen (30) is fixedly connected to the top inner wall of the exhaust box (9), and an exhaust fan (29) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the exhaust box (9).

8. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the exhaust box (9) is slidably connected to a pull rod (38) passing through it, the bottom of the pull rod (38) is fixedly connected to a brush plate (39), the top of the pull rod (38) is fixedly connected to a push rod (37), the outer walls of both sides of the discharge pipe (5) are fixedly connected to guide blocks (32), the guide blocks (32) are slidably connected to a sliding rod (33) passing through them, a tension spring (34) is fixedly connected between the sliding rod (33) and the guide blocks (32), the two ends of the push rod (37) are rotatably connected to the two sliding rods (33) by connecting rods (36), the circumference of the rotating shaft (8) is fixedly connected to two eccentric wheels (35), the two eccentric wheels (35) are respectively located on one side of the two sliding rods (33) and are used in conjunction with the sliding rods (33).

9. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the exhaust box (9) is fixedly connected to a collecting pipe, and a collecting box (31) is inserted into the collecting pipe.

10. The anti-shot-catch hopper lifting mixer material discharging structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting flange (10) is welded to the bottom of the discharge pipe (5).

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