Black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental governance, and discloses a black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material which comprises water purification bottom mud, a silicon dioxide material, biochar, a metal organic framework material, a binder and deionized water in a mass ratio of (3-4): (2-3): (3-4): (1-2): (6-8): (150-200). The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing the water purification bottom mud; s2, preparing a silicon dioxide material; s3, preparing biochar; s4, preparing an aluminum-based MOFs material; and S5, mixing and curing molding: uniformly mixing the water purification bottom mud, the silicon dioxide material, the biochar, the aluminum-based MOFs material, the binder and the deionized water, transferring the mixed material, dropwise adding the mixed material into a CaCl2 solution, and curing for 10-20 minutes to prepare the black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material. According to the scheme, the problems of low remediation efficiency, high cost, heavy environmental burden and difficulty in giving consideration to the carbon emission reduction target in the existing water treatment technology are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental governance, and in particular to a black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global economy and the continuous acceleration of urbanization, the problem of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage discharge has become increasingly prominent. A large amount of sewage that has not been properly treated or has not been thoroughly treated is discharged into natural water bodies such as rivers and lakes. The rich nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage have aggravated the eutrophication of water bodies. This not only causes the overgrowth of algae and other aquatic plants, but also often leads to the formation of black and smelly water bodies, causing serious damage to water quality and the ecological environment.

[0003] In black and smelly water bodies, the decomposition of organic matter will produce malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. These gases not only greatly affect the quality of life of surrounding residents, but also seriously damage the ecological balance of the water body. Traditional water treatment methods, including physical methods (such as aeration and oxygenation), chemical methods (such as adding flocculants) and biological methods (such as microbial degradation), all have certain limitations. Although aeration and oxygenation can increase the dissolved oxygen content of water bodies in a short time, it cannot effectively remove pollutants; adding flocculants has a certain removal effect on suspended matter, but it is difficult to remove soluble pollutants; although microbial degradation is environmentally friendly, its repair speed is slow, and it is easily disturbed by environmental factors, and the repair effect is unstable. In addition, organic matter in the bottom mud of black and smelly water bodies will release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane when decomposed, which has a negative impact on carbon reduction targets. Especially in the process of water body remediation, the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms will produce more greenhouse gases, further increasing the environmental burden. At the same time, some remediation technologies still have the problem of waste of resources. Some chemical agents and engineering measures are not only costly, but also may bring the risk of secondary pollution.

[0004] At present, there are related technical solutions that attempt to solve the above problems. For example, the slow-release in-situ remediation material for contaminated sediment proposed in Chinese patent CN201910787435.8 requires the addition of oxygen-containing ion salts to a silicate solution and is prepared by cement solidification. However, this method has strict requirements on experimental conditions and is difficult to regulate. When the riverbed sediment is thicker, the remediation effect is not ideal, and it is often necessary to overturn the sediment to improve the effect, which undoubtedly increases the construction cost and energy consumption. For another example, the in-situ remediation material and remediation method of black and smelly water sediment based on oyster shells disclosed in Chinese patent CN202010691189.9, although it can realize the resource utilization of oyster shells, effectively remove total nitrogen in the sediment and fix phosphorus, but in the implementation process, it is usually necessary to drain the black and smelly water to expose the sediment. This operation consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, increases the cost of governance, and has an adverse effect on carbon emission reduction.

[0005] In summary, existing water treatment technologies generally have problems such as low remediation efficiency, high cost and heavy environmental burden. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new, efficient and low-carbon remediation materials to meet the increasingly severe challenges of water pollution control and promote environmental protection and sustainable development. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of low remediation efficiency, high cost, heavy environmental burden and difficulty in taking into account carbon emission reduction goals in existing water body treatment technologies.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction, including water purification sludge, silica material, biochar, metal organic framework material, binder and deionized water, and the mass ratios thereof are (3-4): (2-3): (3-4): (1-2): (6-8): (150-200) respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the biochar comprises rice husk powder and inorganic alkali, and the mass ratio of the rice husk powder to the inorganic alkali is (1-1.5):(1-1.2).

[0009] Preferably, the inorganic base is any one or a combination of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.

[0010] Preferably, the silicon dioxide material is quartz sand with a particle size of 80-120 meshes and a silicon dioxide content of 90-95%.

[0011] Preferably, the metal organic framework material is an aluminum-based MOFs material.

[0012] Preferably, the binder is any one or a combination of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, sodium alginate, chitosan and agar.

[0013] The present invention also provides another technical solution, a method for preparing a black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1: Preparation of clean water sludge;

[0015] S2: preparing silica material;

[0016] S3: preparing biochar;

[0017] S4: Preparation of aluminum-based MOFs materials;

[0018] S5: Mixing and curing: The purified water sludge obtained in S1, the silica material prepared in S2, the biochar obtained in S3, the aluminum-based MOFs material prepared in S4, a binder and deionized water are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of (3-4):(2-3):(3-4):(1-2):(6-8):(150-200. Then, the mixture is transferred and dripped into a CaCl2 solution for curing. The curing time is maintained at 10-20 minutes, and finally, an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction is obtained.

[0019] Preferably, the method for preparing the purified water sludge in S1 comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1.1: Sample collection: Collect column samples containing surface and deep sediments;

[0021] S1.2: Sample mixing and preliminary filtration: Mix the sediment samples collected in S1.1 evenly, and then perform preliminary sieving;

[0022] S1.3: Freeze drying and secondary filtration: The sludge sample filtered in S1.2 is freeze dried at -25 to -18°C, and then screened twice to obtain clean water sludge.

[0023] Preferably, the method for preparing biochar in S3 comprises the following steps:

[0024] S3.1: Rice husk crushing: crush natural rice husk to 80-100 mesh to make rice husk powder;

[0025] S3.2: Mixing and drying: Mix the rice husk powder obtained in S3.1 with an inorganic base, add deionized water thereto, stir evenly, and then filter, dry, grind and screen in sequence to obtain a dry mixture;

[0026] S3.3: Carbonization treatment: In an inert gas environment, the mixture after grinding and screening in S3.2 is carbonized at 780-820°C for 0.8-1.5h to finally obtain double alkali combined activated rice husk charcoal, i.e. biochar.

[0027] Preferably, the preparation method of the aluminum-based MOFs material is: Al(NO3)3·9H2O, terephthalic acid, and anhydrous ethanol are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of (8-12):(1-2):(40-60), and then, in a sealed environment, the mixture is reacted at a constant temperature of 200-250°C for 22-28 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is dried, washed, and air-dried in sequence to finally obtain the aluminum-based MOFs material, namely Al-TPA.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this program are:

[0029] (1) Efficient repair of black and smelly water bodies: The bottom mud of purified water is rich in natural mineral components, and its good surface properties can adsorb dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in water and reduce their concentrations; and the beneficial microorganisms retained by low-temperature drying can quickly restore their activity under suitable conditions in the target waters, promote the transformation of nutrients, and optimize water quality. Silica materials can efficiently adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants in water bodies with their significant specific surface area and unique pore structure. In addition, the surface of silica is rich in functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH). These active sites can react chemically with specific substances to form stable chemical bonds, thereby achieving effective chemical adsorption of pollutants. Biochar, with its high specific surface area and rich surface functional groups, effectively adsorbs heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in water to purify water quality. At the same time, biochar also provides a suitable growth environment for microorganisms in water bodies, increases the diversity and activity of microbial populations, and these microorganisms can decompose organic matter in sewage. Aluminum-based MOFs materials absorb suspended particles and metal ions in water through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds through huge specific surface area and pore structure; the introduction of coordinated metals makes it have a large number of active components, accompanied by photocatalysis, which can achieve the capture and degradation of organic pollutants. These components work synergistically to efficiently remove various pollutants in black and smelly water bodies from multiple aspects, quickly improve water quality, and repair the water ecological environment.

[0030] (2) Significant carbon emission reduction: Silica materials can promote the conversion of captured CO2 into other forms of compounds or products, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. On the one hand, the large specific surface area and void structure are used to adsorb CO2 for fixation. On the other hand, the silica material contains a large number of silicon-oxygen bonds (Si-O). Under the catalysis of aluminum-based MOFs materials, it can react with CO2 in water to form carbonates or carbonate esters, thereby reducing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. The reaction equation is as follows:

[0031] Si-OH+CO2→Si-O-CO2H

[0032] Si-OH+CO2→Si-O-CO2+H2O

[0033] Compared with traditional silicate materials, it significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions by about 45% during the remediation process; other metal-based MOFs (such as iron-based MOFs and zinc-based MOFs) have significant defects in stability, cost or ecological safety, and cannot meet the dual needs of black and odorous water restoration and carbon emission reduction. Specific chemical groups on the surface of biochar convert dissolved CO2 into solid form for long-term storage through the dual mechanisms of physical adsorption and chemical bonding, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from water bodies to the atmosphere, and part of the CO2 released by microbial decomposition of organic matter can be captured and retained by biochar again. The adsorption and conversion of CO2 by aluminum-based MOFs materials is mainly achieved through their huge specific surface area and open metal sites. Aluminum-based MOFs materials have a large specific surface area and pore structure, and the introduction of aluminum sources can further adjust the size, shape and surface chemical properties of the material pores, improve the material's adsorption selectivity for CO2, and optimize the capture and storage of CO2 molecules; aluminum exists as a metal center in Al-PTA, which itself has strong Lewis acidity, and aluminum ions (Al 3+ ) can attract oxygen atoms in CO2, forming Lewis acid-base interactions, which enhances the adsorption capacity of CO2; TPA itself is an aromatic compound, and its molecular structure can form coordination with the surface of aluminum by providing a series of functional groups such as π electrons and hydroxyl groups (-COOH), providing more active sites for the adsorption of CO2, increasing the surface activity of Al-TPA and its adsorption capacity for CO2. The integrated material synergistically reduces greenhouse gas emissions from multiple links and helps achieve carbon reduction goals.

[0034] (3) Cost and energy consumption advantages: The preparation method provided by the present invention has loose requirements on experimental conditions and is simple and easy to operate. The in-situ remediation technology does not require large-scale water disturbance or sediment overturning, avoiding the increased construction cost and energy consumption due to the thick sediment overturning required to enhance the sediment effect as in Chinese patent CN201910787435.8, thereby reducing the treatment cost and environmental burden.

[0035] (4) High ecological adaptability and practicality: The in-situ remediation technology provided by the present invention reduces the secondary damage to the water environment during construction. The binder improves the mechanical strength and water impact resistance of the material, making the material better adaptable to different water environments. The material is made into microspheres of about 5 mm and can be directly added to the target water area to play a role. It is easy to operate and is not only suitable for the remediation of urban black and odorous water bodies, but also widely applicable to various water pollution control projects. It has high ecological adaptability and wide practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an integrated material for black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2This is an actual product picture of a black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A graph showing the changes in water pollutants and carbon absorption before and after the addition of a black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction integrated material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 A graph showing the changes in water pollutants and carbon absorption before and after the addition of a black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction integrated material prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the changes in water pollutants and carbon absorption before and after the addition of an integrated material for black and odorous water restoration and carbon emission reduction prepared in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0042] Example 1

[0043] An integrated material for black and odorous water restoration and carbon emission reduction includes water purification sludge, silica material, biochar, metal organic framework material, binder and deionizer, and the mass ratios thereof are (3-4): (2-3): (3-4): (1-2): (6-8): (150-200). In this embodiment, the mass ratios thereof are 4:2:4:2:6:150.

[0044] The biochar comprises rice husk powder and inorganic base, the mass ratio of rice husk powder to inorganic base is (1-1.5): (1-1.2), and the inorganic base is any one or a combination of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate; in this embodiment, the inorganic base is potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, the amount of rice husk powder is 10g, the amount of potassium hydroxide is 3g, and the amount of sodium hydroxide is 7g.

[0045] The silicon dioxide material is quartz sand with a particle size of 80-120 meshes and a silicon dioxide content of 90-95%.

[0046] Metal organic framework materials are aluminum-based MOFs materials.

[0047] The binder is any one or a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylamide (PAM), sodium alginate (SA), chitosan and agar. PVA, PEG and SA are preferably used as binders. When preparing, PVA, PEG and SA are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: (1-2): 1, added into deionized water, and prepared into a colloidal solution. In this embodiment, the mass ratio of PVA, PEG and SA is 1: 1.5: 1.

[0048] A method for preparing a black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1: Preparation of clean water sludge;

[0050] S1.1: Sample collection: In a low-pollution river, a columnar sample containing surface and deep sediments is collected. In this embodiment, the sample is taken from the sediment of the Xunsi River in Wuhan, which has just been dredged and cleared. The water quality indicators of the river are detailed in Table 1;

[0051] S1.2: Sample mixing and preliminary filtration: Mix the sediment samples collected in S1.1 evenly, and then preliminarily sieve them to remove larger impurities and ensure that the material texture is uniform;

[0052] S1.3: Freeze drying and secondary filtration: Spread the sediment sample filtered in S1.2 in a freeze drying device, freeze dry it at -25 to -18°C for 24-32 hours, and then perform a secondary screening process to remove fine particles and retain the part rich in organic matter, minerals and active microorganisms to obtain purified water sediment. In this embodiment, the freeze drying temperature is: -20°C, and the drying time is 24 hours;

[0053] S2: preparing silica material;

[0054] High-purity quartz stone is selected, ground by a grinder to obtain quartz sand, and sieved by an 80-mesh sieve to obtain silicon dioxide material.

[0055] S3: preparing biochar;

[0056] S3.1: Rice husk crushing: crush natural rice husk to 80-100 mesh to make rice husk powder;

[0057] S3.2: Mixing and drying: Mix the rice husk powder obtained in S3.1 with an inorganic base, add deionized water thereto, stir evenly, and then filter, dry, grind and screen in sequence. The drying temperature is 80-120°C and the drying time is 18-24 hours. After grinding, screen through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a dry mixture.

[0058] In this embodiment, the rice husk powder, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and deionized water obtained in S3.1 are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:3:7:200, stirred at 40°C for 8 hours, and then filtered. The obtained solid matter is dried at 100°C for 24 hours, then ground and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a dry mixture;

[0059] S3.3: Carbonization treatment: In an inert gas environment, the mixture after grinding and screening in S3.2 is carbonized at 780-820°C for 0.8-1.5h to finally obtain double alkali combined activated rice husk charcoal, i.e. biochar.

[0060] In this embodiment, the mixture after grinding and screening in S3.2 is carbonized in a tube furnace at 800° C. for 1 hour under a nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain double alkali-combined activated rice husk charcoal, i.e., biochar.

[0061] S4: preparing aluminum-based MOFs materials; Al(NO3)3·9H2O, terephthalic acid, and anhydrous ethanol are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of (8-12):(1-2):(40-60), and then, in a sealed environment, the mixture is kept in a constant temperature reaction at 200-250°C for 22-28h. After the reaction, the mixture is dried, washed, and air-dried in sequence to finally obtain an aluminum-based MOFs material, namely Al-TPA.

[0062] In this embodiment, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, terephthalic acid, and anhydrous ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1:50, then added to a reactor, the reactor is sealed and heated to 220°C, and the reaction is carried out at a constant temperature for 24 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is dried at 60°C for 24 hours, washed three times with deionized water, and finally air-dried under natural conditions to obtain an aluminum-based MOFs material, namely Al-TPA.

[0063] S5: Mixing and curing: The purified water sludge obtained in S1, the silica material prepared in S2, the biochar obtained in S3, the aluminum-based MOFs material prepared in S4, the binder and deionized water are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of (3-4): (2-3): (3-4): (1-2): (6-8): (150-200), and then the mixture is transferred by a peristaltic pump and dripped into a CaCl2 solution for curing. The mass percentage of CaCl2 in the CaCl2 solution is 2%-5%, and the curing time is maintained at 10-20 minutes. Finally, an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction is obtained, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0064] In this embodiment, the purified water sludge obtained in S1, the silica material prepared in S2, the biochar obtained in S3, and the aluminum-based MOFs material prepared in S4 are mixed evenly with a binder and deionized water in a mass ratio of 4:2:4:2:6:150 to obtain a colloidal solution. Then, the mixed material is transferred by a peristaltic pump and dripped into a 2% CaCl2 solution for solidification for 15 minutes. The solidified material is naturally dried to finally obtain an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction. The diameter of the integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction is 5-5.2 mm.

[0065] Table 1

[0066] index temperature pH Dissolved oxygen Ammonia nitrogen Total Phosphorus COD Point 1 17.5℃ 7.60 12.19mg / L 0.825mg / L ND 6.416mg / L Point 2 17.0℃ 7.21 9.67mg / L 0.550mg / L 0.106mg / L 5.499mg / L

[0067] Testing the performance of the prepared integrated material for black and odorous water restoration and carbon emission reduction:

[0068] A pilot scale reactor was built with dimensions of 2m long, 2m wide and 1.2m high. The sediment and water used were taken from a river in Hongshan District, Wuhan, and the water quality was inferior to Class V. According to the experimental design, the water was 100g / m 2 The total dosage was 400g. The experiment lasted for 40 days, during which the changes in pollutant indicators in the water were regularly measured. The CO2 absorption of the water was calculated through the CO2 flux at the water-air interface to evaluate its restoration and carbon emission reduction effects. The test results are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0069] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that after adding the integrated materials for black and odorous water remediation and carbon emission reduction, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water body increased by 1.67 mg / L, an increase of 317.72%, the total nitrogen removal rate reached 84.98%, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 93.49%, the total phosphorus removal rate reached 62.44%, the COD removal rate reached 75%, and the CO2 absorption amount increased by 149.69%, achieving good water pollutant removal and CO2 absorption effects.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Different from Example 1, in S1.1, a method for preparing an integrated material for black and odorous water restoration and carbon emission reduction is used. The sample is taken from a lake in Wuhan Economic Development Zone that has been rectified. The water quality of the area has been rectified and has reached the Class III surface water standard in GB3838. The water quality in some areas has been improved to Class II and above. The water quality indicators of the lake are shown in Table 2. In S2, high-purity quartz stone is selected and ground with a grinder to obtain quartz sand, which is sieved with a 120-mesh screen to obtain a silicon dioxide material.

[0072] Table 2

[0073] index temperature pH Dissolved oxygen Ammonia nitrogen Total Phosphorus COD Point 1 19.7℃ 7.95 10.07mg / L 0.275mg / L ND 8.915mg / L Point 2 19.5℃ 8.07 18.07mg / L 0.550mg / L 0.118mg / L 3.667mg / L Point 3 18.5℃ 7.91 10.31mg / L 0.637mg / L 0.105mg / L 3.579mg / L

[0074] The performance of the prepared black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction integrated material was tested. The testing process was the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here. The test results are as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0075] Depend on Figure 4It can be seen that after adding the integrated materials for black and odorous water remediation and carbon emission reduction, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water body increased by 1.49 mg / L, an increase of 136.81%, the total nitrogen removal rate reached 85.24%, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 90.41%, the total phosphorus removal rate reached 72.83%, the COD removal rate reached 83.83%, and the CO2 absorption amount increased by 109.82%, achieving good water pollutant removal and CO2 absorption effects.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] Different from Example 1, in an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction, the mass ratios of purified water sludge, silica material, biochar, metal organic framework material, binder and deionized water are 3:3:3:2:7:150, respectively.

[0078] A method for preparing an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction. In S5, the clean water sludge obtained in S1, the silica material prepared in S2, the biochar obtained in S3, and the aluminum-based MOFs material prepared in S4 are uniformly mixed with a binder and deionized water in a mass ratio of 3:3:3:2:7:150 to obtain a colloidal solution. Then, the mixed material is transferred by a peristaltic pump and dripped into a 4% CaCl2 solution for solidification. The solidification takes place for 20 minutes, and the solidified material is naturally dried to finally obtain an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction. The diameter of the integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction is 5-5.2 mm.

[0079] The performance of the prepared black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction integrated material was tested. The testing process was the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here. The test results are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0080] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that after adding the integrated materials for black and odorous water remediation and carbon emission reduction, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water body increased by 2.16 mg / L, an increase of 594.50%, the total nitrogen removal rate reached 70.35%, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 90.42%, the total phosphorus removal rate reached 70.15%, the COD removal rate reached 75.50%, and the CO2 absorption amount increased by 176.24%, achieving good water pollutant removal and CO2 absorption effects.

[0081] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated material for black and odorous water restoration and carbon emission reduction, characterized in that: It includes water purification sludge, silica material, biochar, metal organic framework material, binder and deionized water, and the mass ratios thereof are (3-4): (2-3): (3-4): (1-2): (6-8): (150-200) respectively.

2. The black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material according to claim 1 is characterized by: The biochar comprises rice husk powder and inorganic alkali, and the mass ratio of the rice husk powder to the inorganic alkali is (1-1.5):(1-1.2).

3. The black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material according to claim 2 is characterized by: The inorganic base is any one or a combination of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.

4. The black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material according to claim 3 is characterized by: The silicon dioxide material is quartz sand with a particle size of 80-120 meshes and a silicon dioxide content of 90-95%.

5. The black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material according to claim 4 is characterized by: Metal organic framework materials are aluminum-based MOFs materials.

6. The black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material according to claim 5 is characterized by: The binder is any one or a combination of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, sodium alginate, chitosan and agar.

7. A method for preparing an integrated material for black and odorous water restoration and carbon emission reduction, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Preparation of clean water sludge; S2: preparing silica material; S3: preparing biochar; S4: Preparation of aluminum-based MOFs materials; S5: Mixing and curing: The purified water sludge obtained in S1, the silica material prepared in S2, the biochar obtained in S3, the aluminum-based MOFs material prepared in S4, a binder and deionized water are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of (3-4):(2-3):(3-4):(1-2):(6-8):(150-200. Then, the mixture is transferred and dripped into a CaCl2 solution for curing. The curing time is maintained at 10-20 minutes, and finally, an integrated material for black and odorous water body remediation and carbon emission reduction is obtained.

8. The method for preparing a black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for preparing the purified water sludge in S1 comprises the following steps: S1.1: Sample collection: Collect column samples containing surface and deep sediments; S1.2: Sample mixing and preliminary filtration: Mix the sediment samples collected in S1.1 evenly, and then perform preliminary sieving; S1.3: Freeze drying and secondary filtration: The sludge sample filtered in S1.2 is freeze dried at -25 to -18°C, and then screened twice to obtain clean water sludge.

9. The method for preparing a black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for preparing biochar in S3 comprises the following steps: S3.1: Rice husk crushing: crush natural rice husk to 80-100 mesh to make rice husk powder; S3.2: Mixing and drying: Mix the rice husk powder obtained in S3.1 with an inorganic base, add deionized water thereto, stir evenly, and then filter, dry, grind and screen in sequence to obtain a dry mixture; S3.3: Carbonization treatment: In an inert gas environment, the mixture after grinding and screening in S3.2 is carbonized at 780-820°C for 0.8-1.5h to finally obtain double alkali combined activated rice husk charcoal, i.e. biochar.

10. The method for preparing a black and odorous water body restoration and carbon emission reduction integrated material according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation method of the aluminum-based MOFs material in S4 is: Al(NO3)3·9H2O, terephthalic acid, and anhydrous ethanol are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of (8-12):(1-2):(40-60), and then, in a sealed environment, the mixture is subjected to a constant temperature reaction at 200-250°C for 22-28 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is dried, washed, and air-dried in sequence to finally obtain an aluminum-based MOFs material, namely Al-TPA.

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