A thermal management system and control method for electric vehicles based on a multi-way valve

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-port valve-based thermal management system for electric vehicles, comprising: a passenger compartment assembly, a battery pack, an electric drive system, a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, an electronic expansion valve, a reservoir, a first water pump, a second water pump, a third water pump, a fourth water pump, a first proportional three-way valve, a second proportional three-way valve, a twelve-way valve, and a low-temperature radiator. The highly integrated thermal management system improves the overall performance and handling of the vehicle. This invention also discloses a control method for the multi-port valve-based thermal management system for electric vehicles. The twelve-way valve enables individual and collaborative control of each thermal management module, significantly improving the energy efficiency of the thermal management system and ensuring stable operation under various conditions. Furthermore, by combining the twelve-way valve with fully indirect heat pump technology, it expands the combination of different operating modes of the various thermal management modules in the electric vehicle, maximizing energy utilization while improving driving range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle thermal management technology, and more specifically, to an electric vehicle thermal management system and its control method based on a multi-way valve. Background Art

[0002] The continuous introduction of policies has greatly promoted the development of new energy electric vehicles. In this process, the eight-way valve used in the Tesla Model Y is revolutionary. Its benefits not only lie in reducing the number of pipes and components in the thermal management system, reducing system complexity, and improving the convenience of system safety and maintenance, but also in achieving the switching of different interfaces by connecting different interfaces to different components and controlling the rotation of the valve core by the drive device. This fully considers energy recovery methods such as battery pack waste heat and motor waste heat, thereby optimizing the energy flow of the entire vehicle.

[0003] Currently, electric vehicle thermal management systems on the market employ direct and semi-indirect heat pump technologies. New refrigerants are forcing existing thermal management systems to gradually shift towards fully indirect heat pump technology. Based on this, the multi-port valve-based electric vehicle thermal management system solutions proposed by various scholars are quite significant, but they still suffer from the problem of some recoverable energy loss. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to design and develop a vehicle thermal management system for electric vehicles based on a multi-way valve. By replacing multiple structures in the traditional electric vehicle thermal management system with a twelve-way valve, a high degree of integration is achieved while improving the overall performance and handling of the vehicle.

[0005] This invention also designs and develops a control method for the thermal management system of an electric vehicle based on a multi-way valve. The twelve-way valve enables individual and coordinated control of each thermal management module. Combined with the twelve-way valve, the fully indirect heat pump technology is used to improve the utilization rate of the thermal management system and the vehicle's range.

[0006] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A multi-port valve-based thermal management system for electric vehicles includes:

[0008] A twelve-way valve; and

[0009] The fourth water pump has its inlet connected to the third port of the twelve-way valve;

[0010] The first heat exchanger has its coolant side inlet connected to the outlet of the fourth water pump, and its coolant side outlet connected to the second port of the twelve-way valve.

[0011] The heating core has its inlet connected to both the coolant outlet of the first heat exchanger and the second port of the twelve-way valve, and its outlet connected to the first port of the twelve-way valve.

[0012] A low-temperature radiator, the two ends of which are connected to the 4th and 5th ports of the 12-way valve, respectively;

[0013] The third water pump has its inlet connected to the sixth port of the twelve-way valve;

[0014] The second heat exchanger has its coolant side inlet connected to the outlet of the third water pump, and its coolant side outlet connected to the 7th port of the 12-way valve.

[0015] The cold air core has its inlet connected to both the coolant side outlet of the second heat exchanger and the 7th port of the 12-way valve, and its outlet connected to the 8th port of the 12-way valve.

[0016] The electric drive system circuit has one end connected to the 9th port of the 12-way valve and the other end connected to the 10th port of the 12-way valve.

[0017] The battery pack circuit has one end connected to the 11th port of the 12-way valve and the other end connected to the 12th port of the 12-way valve, and the two ends of the battery pack circuit can be selectively connected or disconnected from each other.

[0018] The refrigerant side of the first heat exchanger and the refrigerant side of the second heat exchanger can be selectively connected or disconnected.

[0019] Preferably, the battery pack circuit includes:

[0020] The first proportional three-way valve has its port 1 connected to port 11 of the twelve-way valve and its port 3 connected to port 12 of the twelve-way valve.

[0021] The second proportional three-way valve has its port 2 connected to both port 3 of the first proportional three-way valve and port 12 of the twelve-way valve, and its port 3 connected to port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve.

[0022] The inlet of the first water pump is connected to port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve and port 3 of the second proportional three-way valve.

[0023] The battery pack has its coolant inlet connected to the outlet of the first water pump, and its coolant outlet connected to port 1 of the second proportional three-way valve.

[0024] Preferably, the electric drive system circuit includes:

[0025] The second water pump has its inlet connected to the 9th port of the 12-way valve;

[0026] The electric drive system has its coolant inlet connected to the outlet of the second water pump, and its coolant outlet connected to the 10th port of the 12-way valve.

[0027] Preferably, it also includes:

[0028] The first water tank has one end connected to the coolant inlet of the second heat exchanger and the other end connected to the coolant outlet of the second heat exchanger.

[0029] The second water tank has one end connected to the coolant inlet of the first heat exchanger and the other end connected to the coolant outlet of the first heat exchanger.

[0030] Preferably, it also includes:

[0031] The compressor has its inlet connected to the refrigerant-side outlet of the second heat exchanger and its outlet connected to the refrigerant-side inlet of the first heat exchanger.

[0032] The liquid storage tank has its inlet connected to the refrigerant side outlet of the first heat exchanger;

[0033] An electronic expansion valve is connected at one end to the outlet of the liquid storage tank and at the other end to the refrigerant side inlet of the second heat exchanger.

[0034] Preferably, it also includes:

[0035] A temperature sensor is located at the coolant inlet of the battery pack.

[0036] Preferably, the second, third, and fourth water pumps are integrated into the twelve-way valve.

[0037] A control method for an electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve, using the aforementioned multi-way valve-based electric vehicle thermal management system, includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Collect multiple vehicle status parameters;

[0039] The vehicle status parameters mentioned include vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature, and driver intent.

[0040] Step 2: Start and switch between different modes based on the multiple vehicle status parameters mentioned above;

[0041] The activation and switching of the different modes include:

[0042] If the passenger compartment temperature is below 25°C and the vehicle speed is below 25km / h, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive de-efficiency heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to make the passenger compartment temperature reach or maintain 25°C.

[0043] If the passenger compartment temperature is below 25°C and the vehicle speed is above 25km / h, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to make the passenger compartment temperature reach or maintain 25°C.

[0044] If the battery pack is in the initial charging state and the battery pack temperature is below 25°C, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive efficiency reduction heating and heat supplementation mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to make the temperature inside the passenger compartment reach or maintain 25°C.

[0045] If the passenger cabin temperature is below 25°C and the battery pack is charging, the passenger cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to ensure that the passenger cabin temperature reaches or is maintained at 25°C and the battery pack temperature is maintained at 25°C.

[0046] If the humidity in the passenger compartment is higher than 60%, the battery pack temperature is lower than 25°C, the electric drive system temperature is higher than 85°C, and the battery pack is in the initial charging state, then the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to maintain the battery pack temperature at 25°C.

[0047] If the battery pack is in the initial charging state, the battery pack temperature is below 25°C and the electric drive system temperature is above 185°C, then the battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated.

[0048] If the battery pack is charging and the battery pack temperature is below 25°C, the battery pack heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to keep the battery pack temperature above 25°C.

[0049] If the windshield in front of the passenger compartment is frosted, the driver should activate the vehicle's defrosting mode.

[0050] If the humidity in the passenger compartment is higher than 60% and the temperature of the electric drive system is higher than 85°C, the passenger compartment dehumidification mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated.

[0051] If the temperature inside the passenger compartment is 25°C, the battery pack temperature is above 45°C, and the electric drive system temperature is above 85°C, then the battery pack cooling mode and the electric drive heat dissipation mode will be activated.

[0052] If the temperature inside the passenger compartment exceeds 25°C, the battery pack temperature exceeds 45°C, and the electric drive system temperature exceeds 85°C, then the passenger compartment cooling mode, battery pack cooling mode, and electric drive heat dissipation mode will be activated.

[0053] Preferably, step two specifically includes:

[0054] When the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive reduced efficiency heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode are activated simultaneously, the twelve-way valve is in the first working mode, and the warm air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the electric drive system, the second water pump, the third water pump and the fourth water pump are turned on.

[0055] In the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the second working mode, and the warm air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low-temperature radiator, the third water pump, and the fourth water pump are turned on.

[0056] In the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive efficiency reduction heating and supplemental heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the third working mode, and the heater core, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, low temperature radiator, battery pack, electric drive system, first water pump, second water pump, third water pump, fourth water pump, first proportional three-way valve and second proportional three-way valve are open.

[0057] In the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the fourth working mode, and the warm air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the first water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve, and the second proportional three-way valve are open.

[0058] In the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the fifth working mode, and the warm air core, cold air core, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, low temperature radiator, battery pack, electric drive system, first water pump, second water pump, third water pump, fourth water pump, first proportional three-way valve and second proportional three-way valve are open.

[0059] In the battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the sixth working mode, and the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the electric drive system, the first water pump, the second water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve, and the second proportional three-way valve are open.

[0060] In battery pack heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the seventh working mode, and the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the first water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve and the second proportional three-way valve are open.

[0061] In the vehicle defrosting mode, the twelve-way valve is in the eighth working mode, and the heater core, the cold air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low-temperature radiator, the electric drive system, the second water pump, the third water pump and the fourth water pump are turned on.

[0062] In the crew cabin dehumidification mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the ninth working mode, and the warm air core, cold air core, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, low temperature radiator, electric drive system, second water pump, third water pump and fourth water pump are turned on.

[0063] In battery pack cooling mode and electric drive heat dissipation mode, the twelve-way valve is in the tenth working mode, and the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the electric drive system, the first water pump, the second water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve and the second proportional three-way valve are opened.

[0064] In the crew cabin cooling mode, battery pack cooling mode, and electric drive heat dissipation mode, the twelve-way valve is in the eleventh working mode, and the cold air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the electric drive system, the first water pump, the second water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve, and the second proportional three-way valve are opened.

[0065] Preferably, the mode switching of the twelve-way valve includes:

[0066] The first working mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected.

[0067] The second working mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the twelve-way valve are all open, and ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 are interconnected.

[0068] The third working mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, with ports 1 and 11 interconnected, ports 3 and 12 interconnected, ports 4 and 7 interconnected, ports 5 and 9 interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 interconnected.

[0069] The fourth operating mode is that all ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 are open, with ports 1 and 11 interconnected, ports 3 and 12 interconnected, ports 4 and 7 interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 interconnected.

[0070] The fifth working mode is that all ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the 12-way valve are open, with ports 1 and 11 interconnected, ports 3 and 12 interconnected, ports 4 and 8 interconnected, ports 5 and 9 interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 interconnected.

[0071] The sixth working mode is that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the 12-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 2 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected.

[0072] The seventh working mode is that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12 of the 12-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 2 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 are interconnected.

[0073] The eighth working mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 1 and 4 are interconnected, ports 5 and 3 are interconnected, ports 8 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected.

[0074] In the ninth working mode, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 8 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected.

[0075] The tenth working mode is that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 2 and 4 are interconnected, ports 3 and 5 are interconnected, ports 7 and 11 are interconnected, ports 9 and 12 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected.

[0076] The eleventh working mode is that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, with ports 2 and 4 interconnected, ports 3 and 5 interconnected, ports 6 and 10 interconnected, ports 8 and 11 interconnected, and ports 9 and 12 interconnected.

[0077] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0078] (1) The electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve designed and developed by this invention cleverly integrates the many complex valves of the traditional electric vehicle thermal management system into a twelve-way valve, which not only greatly reduces the number of system pipelines, but also makes the system structure compact. This series of improvements also helps to achieve vehicle lightweighting, reduce energy consumption, and improve the overall performance and handling of the vehicle.

[0079] (2) The control method of the electric vehicle thermal management system based on the multi-way valve designed and developed in this invention can realize the individual and collaborative control of each thermal management module through the twelve-way valve, which can strongly improve the energy efficiency of the thermal management system and ensure that the system can operate stably under various working conditions. In addition, the twelve-way valve adopts the fully indirect heat pump technology, which expands the combination of different working modes of the electric vehicle thermal management modules. While meeting the needs of various thermal management modes of electric vehicles, it considers the maximization of the beneficial use of energy in the thermal management system, solves the problem of effective use of energy in the entire charging and discharging cycle of electric vehicles, improves the range of electric vehicles, and provides users with more durable travel protection. Attached Figure Description

[0080] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in this invention.

[0081] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mode selection structure of the twelve-way valve described in this invention.

[0082] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the system circulation of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention under passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive degraded heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode.

[0083] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the system cycle of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention in passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, and air source heat pump heating mode.

[0084] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the system cycle of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention under passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive efficiency reduction heating and supplementary heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode.

[0085] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the system cycle of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention in passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode.

[0086] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the system circulation of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention under passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode.

[0087] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the system circulation of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention under battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode.

[0088] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the system cycle of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention in battery pack heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode.

[0089] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the system cycle of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention during vehicle defrosting mode.

[0090] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the system circulation of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention under passenger compartment dehumidification mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode.

[0091] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the system cycle of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention under battery pack cooling mode and electric drive heat dissipation mode.

[0092] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the system cycle of the vehicle thermal management system described in this invention in passenger compartment cooling mode, battery pack cooling mode, and electric drive heat dissipation mode. Detailed Implementation

[0093] The present invention will now be described in further detail so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0094] like Figure 1 As shown, the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve provided by the present invention includes:

[0095] The crew compartment HVAC assembly, battery pack 160, electric drive system 170, compressor 131, first heat exchanger (WCON) 121, second heat exchanger (Chiller) 122, electronic expansion valve 132, liquid reservoir 133, first water pump 181, second water pump 182, third water pump 183, fourth water pump 184, first proportional three-way valve 191, second proportional three-way valve 192, twelve-way valve 140, and cryogenic radiator 150.

[0096] The passenger compartment HVAC assembly includes a heater core 111, a cooler core 112, and a blower 113. The blower 113 is placed at the air inlets of the heater core 111 and the cooler core 112. The heater core 111 and the cooler core 112 are placed in parallel. The WCON 121 has a refrigerant side and a coolant side, and the Chiller 122 has a refrigerant side and a coolant side.

[0097] In the refrigerant circulation loop, the outlet of compressor 131 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of WCON 121, the refrigerant outlet of WCON 121 is connected to the inlet of liquid receiver 133, the outlet of liquid receiver 133 is connected to one end of electronic expansion valve 132, the other end of electronic expansion valve 132 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of Chiller 122, and the refrigerant outlet of Chiller 122 is connected to the inlet of compressor 131.

[0098] In the coolant circulation loop, the inlet of the first water pump 181 is connected to port 10 of the 12-way valve 140, and its outlet is connected to the coolant inlet of the battery pack 160. The coolant outlet of the battery pack 160 is connected to port 1 of the second proportional three-way valve 192. Port 2 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 is connected to port 12 of the 12-way valve 140. Port 3 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 is connected to the inlet of the first water pump 181. Port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 is simultaneously connected to port 140 of the second proportional three-way valve 140. Port 3 of the first water pump 181 is connected to the inlet of the second water pump 181. Port 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 is simultaneously connected to port 2 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 and port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140. Port 1 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 is connected to port 11 of the twelve-way valve 140. The inlet of the second water pump 182 is connected to port 9 of the twelve-way valve 140, and its outlet is connected to the coolant inlet of the electric drive system 170. The coolant outlet of the electric drive system 170 is connected to port 10 of the twelve-way valve 140. The 12-way valve 140 is connected to the following ports: port 6 is connected to the inlet of the third water pump 183, the outlet of the third water pump 183 is connected to the coolant side inlet of the Chiller 122, the coolant side outlet of the Chiller 122 is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the cooling air core 112 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly and port 7 of the 12-way valve 140, and the outlet of the cooling air core 112 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly is connected to port 8 of the 12-way valve 140; port 4 of the 12-way valve 140 is connected to the low-temperature radiator. The inlet of 150 is connected, and the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150 is connected to the fifth port of the twelve-way valve 140; the third port of the twelve-way valve 140 is connected to the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, and the outlet of the fourth water pump 184 is connected to the coolant side inlet of WCON 121; the coolant side outlet of WCON 121 is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the warm air core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly and the second port of the twelve-way valve 140; the outlet of the warm air core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly is connected to the first port of the twelve-way valve 140.

[0099] In this embodiment, the second water pump 182 is integrated into the 12-way valve 140, and the second water pump 182 is directly connected to the 9th port of the 12-way valve 140; the third water pump 183 is integrated into the 12-way valve 140, and the third water pump 183 is directly connected to the 6th port of the 12-way valve 140; the fourth water pump 184 is integrated into the 12-way valve 140, and the fourth water pump 184 is directly connected to the 3rd port of the 12-way valve 140.

[0100] In this embodiment, an active grille is installed at the low-temperature radiator 150.

[0101] In this embodiment, the electric vehicle thermal management system further includes: a first coolant reservoir 123 and a second coolant reservoir 124. One end of the first coolant reservoir 123 is connected to the coolant side inlet of the Chiller 122, and the other end is connected to the coolant side outlet of the Chiller 122. One end of the second coolant reservoir 124 is connected to the coolant side inlet of the WCON 121, and the other end is connected to the coolant side outlet of the WCON 121. It is used for coolant storage, pressure regulation, coolant status monitoring, and venting.

[0102] In this embodiment, a temperature sensor is provided at the coolant inlet of the battery pack 160.

[0103] This invention designs and develops an electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve. It ingeniously integrates the numerous and complex valves of the traditional electric vehicle thermal management system into a twelve-way valve, which not only significantly reduces the number of system pipelines but also makes the system structure more compact. These improvements also help to achieve vehicle lightweighting, reduce energy consumption, and improve the overall performance and handling of the vehicle.

[0104] The present invention also provides a control method for an electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve. The method using the multi-way valve-based electric vehicle thermal management system includes the following steps:

[0105] Step 1: Collect vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature, and driver intentions;

[0106] Among them, the vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature and electric drive system temperature are fed back by the vehicle;

[0107] Step 2: Based on the above vehicle status parameters, start and switch between different modes as follows:

[0108] If the passenger compartment temperature is below 25°C and the vehicle speed is below 25km / h, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive degraded heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated until the passenger compartment temperature reaches or is maintained at 25°C, or the vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature, and / or the driver's intention changes to other modes.

[0109] If the passenger compartment temperature is below 25°C and the vehicle speed is above 25km / h, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated until the passenger compartment temperature reaches or is maintained at 25°C, or the vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature, and / or the driver's intention changes to suit other modes.

[0110] If the battery pack is in the initial charging state and the battery pack temperature is below 25°C, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive de-efficiency heating and supplemental heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated until the passenger compartment temperature reaches or is maintained at 25°C, and the vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature and / or driver intentions change to suit other modes.

[0111] If the passenger compartment temperature is below 25°C and the battery pack is charging, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated until the passenger compartment temperature reaches or is maintained at 25°C and the battery pack temperature is maintained at 25°C, and the vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature, and / or driver intentions change to suit other modes.

[0112] If the humidity in the passenger compartment is higher than 60%, the battery pack temperature is lower than 25°C, the electric drive system temperature is higher than 85°C, and the battery pack is in the initial charging state, then dehumidification of the passenger compartment is required. In this case, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated until the battery pack temperature is maintained at 25°C, and the vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature, and / or driver intentions change to suit other modes.

[0113] If the battery pack is in the initial charging state, the battery pack temperature is below 25°C and the electric drive system temperature is above 85°C, the battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated until the vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature and / or driver intention change to suit other modes.

[0114] If the battery pack is charging and the battery pack temperature is below 25°C, the battery pack heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated until the battery pack temperature is maintained above 25°C, and the vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature and / or driver intentions change to suit other modes.

[0115] If the windshield in front of the passenger compartment is frosted, the driver will activate the vehicle defrosting mode until the driver's intention, vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature and / or electric drive system temperature change in a way that is appropriate for other modes.

[0116] If the humidity in the passenger compartment is higher than 60% and the temperature of the electric drive system is higher than 85°C, and the humidity in the passenger compartment is higher than the humidity suitable for passengers, then the passenger compartment dehumidification mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated until the driver's intention, vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature and electric drive system temperature change to suit other modes.

[0117] If the temperature inside the passenger compartment is 25°C, the battery pack temperature is above 45°C, and the electric drive system temperature is above 85°C, the battery pack cooling mode and the electric drive heat dissipation mode will be activated until the driver's intention, vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, and / or electric drive system temperature change to a level suitable for other modes.

[0118] If the temperature inside the passenger compartment is higher than 25°C, the battery pack temperature is higher than 45°C, and the electric drive temperature is higher than 85°C, then the passenger compartment cooling mode, battery pack cooling mode, and electric drive heat dissipation mode will be activated until the driver's intention, vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, and electric drive system temperature change to suit other modes.

[0119] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a twelve-way valve control system, including a first working mode, a second working mode, a third working mode, a fourth working mode, a fifth working mode, a sixth working mode, a seventh working mode, an eighth working mode, a ninth working mode, a tenth working mode, and an eleventh working mode.

[0120] like Figure 3As shown, under the combined operation of the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive degraded heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve control system is in its first operating mode. Specifically, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open. Ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The heater core 111, WCON 121, and Chil... When ler122, low-temperature radiator 150, electric drive system 170, second water pump 182, third water pump 183, and fourth water pump 184 are activated, the coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of WCON121 under the drive of the fourth water pump 184, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of WCON121 into the warm air core 111 of the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, flows out through the warm air core 111 of the passenger compartment HVAC assembly into the first port of the twelve-way valve 140, and flows out through the first port of the twelve-way valve 140 into the second port of the twelve-way valve 140. The coolant flows out through the third port of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, forming a circulation loop; at the same time, the coolant, driven by the third water pump 183, enters the coolant side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant side outlet of the Chiller 122 and into the seventh port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the seventh port of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the fourth port of the twelve-way valve (23) and into the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, and flows through the low-temperature radiator 15... The 0 outlet flows into the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140, then flows out through the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140 into the 9th port of the 12-way valve 140, then flows out through the 9th port of the 12-way valve 140 into the inlet of the second water pump 182, then flows out through the outlet of the second water pump 182 into the coolant inlet of the electric drive system 170, then flows out through the coolant outlet of the electric drive system 170 into the 10th port of the 12-way valve 140, and finally flows out through the 10th port of the 12-way valve 140 into the 6th port of the 12-way valve 140, forming a circulation loop.

[0121] like Figure 4As shown, in the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve control system is in the second operating mode, that is, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the twelve-way valve are all open, and ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 are interconnected. The heater core 111, WCON 121, Chiller 122, low-temperature radiator 150, third water pump 183, and fourth water pump 184 are activated. The coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of WCON 121 under the drive of the fourth water pump 184, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of WCON 121 into the heater core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, flows out through the heater core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly into port 1 of the twelve-way valve 140, and then flows through the twelve-way valve 140 into port 1. The coolant flows out from port 1 of the 40 and into port 3 of the 12-way valve 140, then out through port 3 of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, forming a circulation loop. The coolant, driven by the third water pump 183, enters the coolant-side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the Chiller 122 and into port 7 of the 12-way valve 140, then out through port 7 of the 12-way valve 140 and into port 4 of the 12-way valve 140, then out through port 4 of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, then out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150 and into port 5 of the 12-way valve 140, then out through port 5 of the 12-way valve 140 and into port 6 of the 12-way valve 140, finally out through port 6 of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop.

[0122] like Figure 5As shown, in the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive degraded heating supplementation mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve control system is in the third operating mode, that is, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 1 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The system comprises a fan core 111, WCON 121, Chiller 122, low-temperature radiator 150, battery pack 160, electric drive system 170, first water pump 181, second water pump 182, third water pump 183, fourth water pump 184, first proportional three-way valve 191, and second proportional three-way valve 192. When these components are opened, the coolant, driven by the fourth water pump 184, is fed into the coolant inlet of WCON 121 and flows out through the coolant outlet of WCON 121 into the coolant inlet of the passenger compartment HVAC assembly's heater core 111. The coolant from the outlet of body 111 flows into the first port of the 12-way valve 140, then flows out through the first port of the 12-way valve 140 into the 11th port of the 12-way valve 140, and then flows out through the 11th port of the 12-way valve 140 into the first port of the first proportional three-way valve 191. Part of the coolant flows out from the second port of the first proportional three-way valve 191 into the inlet of the first water pump 181, then flows out through the outlet of the first water pump 181 into the coolant inlet of the battery pack 160, and then flows out through the coolant outlet of the battery pack 160 into the first port of the second proportional three-way valve 192. Part of the coolant flows out through port 2 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 and mixes with the coolant flowing out through port 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191, then flows out through port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 and into port 3 of the twelve-way valve 140. The coolant then flows out through port 3 of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the fourth water pump 184. Part of the coolant flows out through port 3 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 and mixes with the coolant flowing out through port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve 191, then enters the inlet of the first water pump 181.Simultaneously, the coolant, driven by the third water pump 183, is fed into the coolant inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant outlet of the Chiller 122, enters the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, flows out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, enters the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 9th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the inlet of the second water pump 182, flows out through the outlet of the second water pump 182, enters the coolant inlet of the electric drive system 170, flows out through the coolant outlet of the electric drive system 170, enters the 10th port of the 12-way valve 140, and flows out through the 10th port of the 12-way valve 140 into the 12-way valve 150. The coolant flows out through the sixth port of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop. The coolant inlet temperature is fed back by a temperature sensor at the battery pack 160 inlet, which adjusts the flow rate distribution ratios of ports 2 and 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 and the second proportional three-way valve 192. When the battery pack 160 inlet temperature exceeds 45°C, the valve opening of the first proportional three-way valve 191 is adjusted, increasing the inlet flow rate at port 2 and decreasing the inlet flow rate at port 3. Simultaneously, the valve opening of the second proportional three-way valve 192 is adjusted, increasing the inlet flow rate at port 1 and increasing the inlet flow rate at port 2, until the battery pack 160 inlet temperature reaches 25°C to 45°C.

[0123] like Figure 6As shown, in the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve control system is in the fourth operating mode, that is, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 1 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 are interconnected. The heater core 111 and WCON1... 21. The chiller 122, low-temperature radiator 150, battery pack 160, first water pump 181, third water pump 183, fourth water pump 184, first proportional three-way valve 191, and second proportional three-way valve 192 are opened. Driven by the fourth water pump 184, the coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of the WCON 121, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the WCON 121, enters the inlet of the warm air core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, and flows out through the outlet of the warm air core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly. The coolant flows into the first port of the twelve-way valve 140, exits through the eleventh port of the twelve-way valve 140, and enters the first port of the first proportional three-way valve 191. Part of the coolant flows out from the second port of the first proportional three-way valve 191 into the inlet of the first water pump 181, exits through the outlet of the first water pump 181 into the coolant inlet of the battery pack 160, and exits through the coolant outlet of the battery pack 160 into the first port of the second proportional three-way valve 192. Part of the coolant flows through the second proportional three-way valve 192... The coolant flowing out from port 2 mixes with the coolant flowing out from port 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 and enters port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140. The coolant then flows out from port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 and enters port 3 of the twelve-way valve 140. The coolant then flows out from port 3 of the twelve-way valve 140 and enters the inlet of the fourth water pump 184. Part of the coolant flowing out from port 3 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 mixes with the coolant flowing out from port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 and enters the inlet of the first water pump 181.Simultaneously, driven by the third water pump 183, the coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the Chiller 122, enters the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, flows out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, enters the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the 6th port of the 12-way valve 140, and flows out through the 6th port of the 12-way valve 140, entering the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop. Specifically, the flow rate distribution ratios of ports 2 and 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 and the second proportional three-way valve 192 are adjusted based on the coolant inlet temperature feedback from the temperature sensor at the battery pack 160 inlet. When the coolant inlet temperature of the battery pack 160 exceeds 45°C, the opening of the first proportional three-way valve 191 is adjusted, increasing the coolant inlet flow rate at port 2 and decreasing the coolant inlet flow rate at port 3. Simultaneously, the opening of the second proportional three-way valve 192 is adjusted, increasing the coolant inlet flow rate at port 1 and increasing the coolant inlet flow rate at port 2, until the coolant inlet temperature of the battery pack 160 reaches 25°C to 45°C.

[0124] like Figure 7As shown, in the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is controlled to be in the fifth working mode, that is, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve are all open, and ports 1 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 8 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The warm air core 111, cold air core 112, and W... CON121, Chiller122, Low-Temperature Radiator 150, Battery Pack 160, Electric Drive System 170, First Water Pump 181, Second Water Pump 182, Third Water Pump 183, Fourth Water Pump 184, First Proportional Three-Way Valve 191, and Second Proportional Three-Way Valve 192 are opened. The coolant, driven by the Fourth Water Pump 184, is fed into the coolant-side inlet of WCON121, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of WCON121, enters the coolant inlet of the heater core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, and flows out through the coolant outlet of the heater core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly into the ten... The coolant flows from port 1 of the two-way valve 140, through port 1 of the twelve-way valve 140, into port 11 of the twelve-way valve 140, and then from port 11 of the twelve-way valve 140 into port 1 of the first proportional three-way valve 191. Part of the coolant flows from port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 into the inlet of the first water pump 181, through the outlet of the first water pump 181 into the coolant inlet of the battery pack 160, and through the coolant outlet of the battery pack 160 into port 1 of the second proportional three-way valve 192. Part of the coolant flows through port 2 of the second proportional three-way valve 192. The coolant flowing out of the port mixes with the coolant flowing out of the outlet of the first proportional three-way valve 191 at port 3 and enters the 12th port of the twelve-way valve 140. The coolant then flows out of the 12th port of the twelve-way valve 140 at port 3 and enters the inlet of the fourth water pump 184 at port 3. The coolant then flows out of the outlet of the fourth water pump 184 and enters the coolant side inlet of the WCON 121. Part of the coolant flowing out of the second proportional three-way valve 192 at port 3 mixes with the coolant flowing out of the first proportional three-way valve 191 at port 2 and enters the inlet of the first water pump 181.Simultaneously, the coolant, driven by the third water pump 183, is fed into the coolant-side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the Chiller 122, enters the cooling air core 112 of the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, flows out through the cooling air core 112 of the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, enters the 8th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 8th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140, and flows through the 12-way valve 140... The coolant flows out from port 4 into the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, then out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150 into port 5 of the twelve-way valve 140, then out through port 5 into port 9 of the twelve-way valve 140, then out through port 9 into the inlet of the second water pump 182, then out through the outlet of the second water pump 182 into the coolant inlet of the electric drive system 170, then out through the coolant outlet of the electric drive system 170 into port 10 of the twelve-way valve 140, then out through port 10 into port 6 of the twelve-way valve 140, and finally out through port 6 into the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop. The coolant inlet temperature is fed back by a temperature sensor at the inlet of the battery pack 160 to adjust the flow rate distribution ratio of ports 2 and 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 and the flow rate of ports 2 and 3 of the second proportional three-way valve 192. The distribution ratio is as follows: when the inlet water temperature of battery pack 160 exceeds 45℃, adjust the opening of the first proportional three-way valve 191 to increase the inlet water flow at port 2 and decrease the inlet water flow at port 3. Simultaneously, adjust the opening of the second proportional three-way valve 192 to increase the inlet water flow at port 1 and port 2, until the inlet water temperature of battery pack 160 reaches 25℃~45℃.

[0125] like Figure 8As shown, in battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is controlled to be in the sixth working mode, that is, ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 2 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. WCON121, Chiller122, low-temperature radiator 150, battery pack 160, electric drive system 170, first water pump 181, second water pump 182, third water pump 183, fourth water pump 184, first proportional three-way valve 191, and second proportional three-way valve 192 are open. The coolant enters the coolant side of WCON121 under the drive of the fourth water pump 184. The coolant flows out of the coolant outlet of WCON121 and into the second port of the 12-way valve 140. It then flows out through the second port of the 12-way valve 140 into the 11th port of the 12-way valve 140, through the 11th port of the 12-way valve 140 into the first port of the first proportional three-way valve 191, through the second port of the first proportional three-way valve 191 into the inlet of the first water pump 181, through the outlet of the first water pump 181 into the coolant inlet of the battery pack 160, through the coolant outlet of the battery pack 160 into the first port of the second proportional three-way valve 192, through the second port of the second proportional three-way valve 192 into the 12th port of the 12-way valve 140, through the 12th port of the 12-way valve 140 into the third port of the 12-way valve 140, and through the third port of the 12-way valve 140 into the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, forming a circulation loop.Simultaneously, driven by the third water pump 183, the coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the Chiller 122, enters the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, flows out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, enters the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140, and flows out through the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140. The water flows out into port 9 of the 12-way valve 140, then out through port 9 into the inlet of the second water pump 182, then out through the outlet of the second water pump 182 into the coolant side inlet of the electric drive system 170, then out through the coolant side outlet of the electric drive system 170 into port 10 of the 12-way valve 140, then out through port 10 into port 6 of the 12-way valve 140, and finally out through port 6 into the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop.

[0126] like Figure 9As shown, in both battery pack heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is controlled to operate in the seventh mode, meaning that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open. Ports 2 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 are interconnected. The WCON 121, Chiller 122, low-temperature radiator 150, battery pack 160, first water pump 181, third water pump 183, and fourth water pump 184 are also connected. Pump 184, the first proportional three-way valve 191, and the second proportional three-way valve 192 are opened. Driven by the fourth water pump 184, the coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of WCON 121, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of WCON 121, enters the second port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the second port of the twelve-way valve 140, enters the eleventh port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the eleventh port of the twelve-way valve 140, enters the first port of the first proportional three-way valve 191, flows out through the second port of the first proportional three-way valve 191, enters the inlet of the first water pump 181, and then flows through the... The coolant from the outlet of the first water pump 181 flows into the coolant inlet of the battery pack 160, then flows out through the coolant outlet of the battery pack 160 into port 1 of the second proportional three-way valve 192, then flows out through port 2 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 into port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140, then flows out through port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 into port 3 of the twelve-way valve 140, and finally flows out through port 3 of the twelve-way valve 140 into the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, forming a circulation loop. Simultaneously, the coolant, driven by the third water pump 183, enters the cooling system of the chiller 122. The coolant flows out through the coolant side outlet of the Chiller 122 and into the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140. It then flows out through the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140 and into the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140. Finally, it flows out through the 4th port of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150. It then flows out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150 and into the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140. Finally, it flows out through the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140 and into the 6th port of the 12-way valve 140. This completes the circulation loop.

[0127] like Figure 10As shown, in the vehicle defrosting mode, the twelve-way valve is controlled to be in the eighth working mode, that is, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 1 and 4 are interconnected, ports 5 and 3 are interconnected, ports 8 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The heater core 111, cold air core 112, WCON 121, Chiller 122, low-temperature radiator 150, electric drive system 170, second water pump 182, third water pump 183, and... The fourth water pump 184 is activated, and the coolant, driven by the fourth water pump 184, enters the coolant-side inlet of the WCON 121, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the WCON 121, enters the warm air core 111 inside the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, flows out through the warm air core 111 inside the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, enters the first port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the first port of the twelve-way valve 140, enters the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140, enters the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, and flows out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150. The coolant flows from the fifth port of the 12-way valve 140 into the third port of the 12-way valve 140, and then flows out through the third port into the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, forming a circulation loop. Simultaneously, the coolant, driven by the third water pump 183, enters the coolant-side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the Chiller 122 into the cooling air core 112 of the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, and then flows out through the cooling air core 112 into the 12-way valve 140. The water flows out through port 8 of the 12-way valve 140 and into port 9 of the 12-way valve 140. It then flows out through port 9 of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the second water pump 182. From the outlet of the second water pump 182, it flows out into the coolant inlet of the electric drive system 170. From the coolant outlet of the electric drive system 170, it flows out into port 10 of the 12-way valve 140. From port 10 of the 12-way valve 140, it flows out into port 6 of the 12-way valve 140. Finally, it flows out through port 6 of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop.

[0128] like Figure 11As shown, in the passenger cabin dehumidification mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is controlled to be in the ninth working mode, that is, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 of the twelve-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 8 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The warm air core 111, cold air core 112, WCON 121, Chiller 122, and low-temperature core 112 are all connected. The radiator 150, electric drive system 170, second water pump 182, third water pump 183, and fourth water pump 184 are activated. The coolant, driven by the fourth water pump 184, is fed into the coolant-side inlet of the WCON 121, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the WCON 121, enters the coolant inlet of the heater core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, flows out through the coolant outlet of the heater core 111 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, enters the first port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the first port of the twelve-way valve 140, enters the third port of the twelve-way valve 140, and then flows through the twelve-way valve 140... The coolant flows out from the third port of 40 and into the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, forming a circulation loop; simultaneously, the coolant, driven by the third water pump 183, is sent into the coolant-side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out from the coolant-side outlet of the Chiller 122 and into the cooling air core 112 inside the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, flows out from the cooling air core 112 inside the passenger compartment HVAC assembly and into the eighth port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out from the eighth port of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out from the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the cryogenic... The coolant flows from the inlet of the radiator 150, through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, into the 5th port of the 12-way valve 140, through the 9th port of the 12-way valve 140, into the inlet of the second water pump 182, through the outlet of the second water pump 182, into the coolant inlet of the electric drive system 170, through the coolant outlet of the electric drive system 170, into the 10th port of the 12-way valve 140, through the 10th port of the 12-way valve 140, into the 6th port of the 12-way valve 140, and through the 6th port of the 12-way valve 140, out of the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop.

[0129] like Figure 12As shown, in battery pack cooling mode and electric drive heat dissipation mode, the 12-way valve is controlled in the tenth working mode, that is, ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the 12-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 2 and 4 are interconnected, ports 3 and 5 are interconnected, ports 7 and 11 are interconnected, ports 9 and 12 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The WCON 121, Chiller 122, low-temperature radiator 150, battery pack 160, electric drive system 170, first water pump 181, second water pump 182, third water pump 183, fourth water pump 184, and first proportional three-way valve are also involved. 191. The second proportional three-way valve 192 is opened, and the coolant enters the coolant side inlet of WCON121 under the drive of the fourth water pump 184. It flows out through the coolant side outlet of WCON121 and into the second port of the twelve-way valve 140. It flows out through the second port of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140. It flows out through the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150. It flows out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150 and into the fifth port of the twelve-way valve 140. It flows out through the fifth port of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the third port of the twelve-way valve 140. It flows out through the third port of the twelve-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, forming a circulation loop.Simultaneously, driven by the third water pump 183, the coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the Chiller 122, enters the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 7th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the 11th port of the 12-way valve 140, and flows out through the 11th port of the 12-way valve 140 into the 1st port of the first proportional three-way valve 191. Part of the coolant flows out through the 2nd port of the first proportional three-way valve 191 into the inlet of the first water pump 181, and flows out through the outlet of the first water pump 181 into the battery. The coolant inlet of battery pack 160 flows out through the coolant outlet of battery pack 160 and enters port 1 of the second proportional three-way valve 192. Part of the coolant flows out through port 3 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 and mixes with part of the coolant flowing out through port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve 191, then enters the first water pump 181. Part of the coolant flows out through port 2 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 and mixes with part of the coolant flowing out through port 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191, then enters port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140. Finally, the coolant flows out through port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140 and enters port 9 of the twelve-way valve 140. The coolant flows out through port 9 of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the second water pump 182, then out through the outlet of the second water pump 182 and into the coolant inlet of the electric drive system 170, then out through the coolant outlet of the electric drive system 170 and into port 10 of the 12-way valve 140, then out through port 10 of the 12-way valve 140 and into port 6 of the 12-way valve 140, and finally out through port 6 of the 12-way valve 140 and into the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop; wherein, the first proportional three-phase flow is adjusted by the feedback of the coolant inlet temperature from the temperature sensor at the inlet of the battery pack 160. The flow rate distribution ratios of ports 2 and 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 and the second proportional three-way valve 192 are configured such that when the inlet water temperature of the battery pack 160 exceeds 45°C, the opening of the first proportional three-way valve 191 is adjusted to increase the inlet flow rate at port 2 and decrease the inlet flow rate at port 3. Simultaneously, the opening of the second proportional three-way valve 192 is adjusted to increase the inlet flow rate at port 1 and increase the inlet flow rate at port 2, until the inlet water temperature of the battery pack 160 reaches 25°C to 45°C.

[0130] like Figure 13As shown, in the crew cabin cooling mode, battery pack cooling mode, and electric drive heat dissipation mode, the 12-way valve is controlled to be in the eleventh working mode, that is, ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the 12-way valve 140 are all open, and ports 2 and 4 are interconnected, ports 3 and 5 are interconnected, ports 6 and 10 are interconnected, ports 8 and 11 are interconnected, and ports 9 and 12 are interconnected. The cold air core 112, WCON 121, Chiller 122, low-temperature radiator 150, battery pack 160, electric drive system 170, first water pump 181, second water pump 182, third water pump 183, and fourth water pump 184 are also connected. 4. When the first proportional three-way valve 191 and the second proportional three-way valve 192 are opened, the coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of WCON121 under the drive of the fourth water pump 184, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of WCON121 and enters the second port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the second port of the twelve-way valve 140 and enters the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the fourth port of the twelve-way valve 140 and enters the inlet of the low-temperature radiator 150, flows out through the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 150 and enters the fifth port of the twelve-way valve 140, flows out through the fifth port of the twelve-way valve 140 and enters the third port of the twelve-way valve 140, and flows out through the third port of the twelve-way valve 140 and enters the inlet of the fourth water pump 184, forming a circulation loop.Simultaneously, driven by the third water pump 183, the coolant enters the coolant-side inlet of the Chiller 122, flows out through the coolant-side outlet of the Chiller 122, enters the inlet of the cooling air core 112 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, flows out through the outlet of the cooling air core 112 in the passenger compartment HVAC assembly, enters the 8th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 8th port of the 12-way valve 140, enters the 11th port of the 12-way valve 140, flows out through the 11th port of the 12-way valve 140, and enters the 1st port of the first proportional three-way valve 191. Part of the coolant flows through the 2nd port of the first proportional three-way valve 191. The coolant flows into the inlet of the first water pump 181, exits through the outlet of the first water pump 181, enters the coolant inlet of the battery pack 160, exits through the coolant outlet of the battery pack 160, and enters port 1 of the second proportional three-way valve 192. Part of the coolant flows out through port 3 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 and mixes with part of the coolant flowing out through port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 before entering the first water pump 181. Part of the coolant flows out through port 2 of the second proportional three-way valve 192 and mixes with part of the coolant flowing out through port 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 before entering port 12 of the twelve-way valve 140. The coolant flows out from port 12 of the battery pack 160 and into port 9 of the 12-way valve 140. From port 9, it flows into the inlet of the second water pump 182, then out through the outlet of the second water pump 182 and into the coolant inlet of the electric drive system 170. From the coolant outlet of the electric drive system 170, it flows into port 10 of the 12-way valve 140, then out through port 10 and into port 6 of the 12-way valve 140. From port 6, it flows into the inlet of the third water pump 183, forming a circulation loop. The temperature sensor at the inlet of the battery pack 160 provides feedback on the coolant inflow. The temperature adjustment controls the flow rate distribution ratios of ports 2 and 3 of the first proportional three-way valve 191 and the second proportional three-way valve 192. When the inlet water temperature of the battery pack 160 exceeds 45°C, the opening of the first proportional three-way valve 191 is adjusted to increase the inlet flow rate at port 2 and decrease the inlet flow rate at port 3. Simultaneously, the opening of the second proportional three-way valve 192 is adjusted to increase the inlet flow rate at port 1 and increase the inlet flow rate at port 2, until the inlet water temperature of the battery pack 160 reaches 25°C to 45°C.

[0131] This invention presents a control method for an electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve. The twelve-way valve enables individual and coordinated control of each thermal management module, significantly improving the energy efficiency of the thermal management system and ensuring stable operation under various conditions. Furthermore, by combining the twelve-way valve with fully indirect heat pump technology, it expands the combination of different operating modes for each thermal management module of the electric vehicle. While meeting the needs of various thermal management modes of electric vehicles, it also maximizes the beneficial utilization of energy in the thermal management system, solving the problem of effective energy utilization throughout the charging and discharging cycle of electric vehicles, improving the driving range of electric vehicles, and providing users with longer-lasting travel assurance.

[0132] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A control method for an electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect multiple vehicle status parameters; The vehicle status parameters mentioned include vehicle speed, passenger compartment temperature and humidity, battery pack temperature, electric drive system temperature, and driver intent. Step 2: Start and switch between different modes based on the multiple vehicle status parameters mentioned above; The activation and switching of the different modes include: If the passenger compartment temperature is below 25°C and the vehicle speed is below 25km / h, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive de-efficiency heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to make the passenger compartment temperature reach or maintain 25°C. If the passenger compartment temperature is below 25°C and the vehicle speed is above 25km / h, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to make the passenger compartment temperature reach or maintain 25°C. If the battery pack is in the initial charging state and the battery pack temperature is below 25°C, the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive efficiency reduction heating and heat supplementation mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to make the temperature inside the passenger compartment reach or maintain 25°C. If the passenger cabin temperature is below 25°C and the battery pack is charging, the passenger cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to ensure that the passenger cabin temperature reaches or is maintained at 25°C and the battery pack temperature is maintained at 25°C. If the humidity in the passenger compartment is higher than 60%, the battery pack temperature is lower than 25°C, the electric drive system temperature is higher than 85°C, and the battery pack is in the initial charging state, then the passenger compartment heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to maintain the battery pack temperature at 25°C. If the battery pack is in the initial charging state, the battery pack temperature is below 25°C and the electric drive system temperature is above 185°C, then the battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated. If the battery pack is charging and the battery pack temperature is below 25°C, the battery pack heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated to keep the battery pack temperature above 25°C. If the windshield in front of the passenger compartment is frosted, the driver should activate the vehicle's defrosting mode. If the humidity in the passenger compartment is higher than 60% and the temperature of the electric drive system is higher than 85°C, the passenger compartment dehumidification mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode and air source heat pump heating mode will be activated. If the temperature inside the passenger compartment is 25°C, the battery pack temperature is above 45°C, and the electric drive system temperature is above 85°C, then the battery pack cooling mode and the electric drive heat dissipation mode will be activated. If the temperature inside the passenger compartment is higher than 25°C, the battery pack temperature is higher than 45°C, and the electric drive system temperature is higher than 85°C, then the passenger compartment cooling mode, battery pack cooling mode, and electric drive heat dissipation mode will be activated. The electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve includes: A twelve-way valve; and The fourth water pump has its inlet connected to the third port of the twelve-way valve; The first heat exchanger has its coolant side inlet connected to the outlet of the fourth water pump, and its coolant side outlet connected to the second port of the twelve-way valve. The heating core has its inlet connected to both the coolant outlet of the first heat exchanger and the second port of the twelve-way valve, and its outlet connected to the first port of the twelve-way valve. A low-temperature radiator, the two ends of which are connected to the 4th and 5th ports of the 12-way valve, respectively; The third water pump has its inlet connected to the sixth port of the twelve-way valve; The second heat exchanger has its coolant side inlet connected to the outlet of the third water pump, and its coolant side outlet connected to the 7th port of the 12-way valve. The cold air core has its inlet connected to both the coolant side outlet of the second heat exchanger and the 7th port of the 12-way valve, and its outlet connected to the 8th port of the 12-way valve. The electric drive system circuit has one end connected to the 9th port of the 12-way valve and the other end connected to the 10th port of the 12-way valve. The battery pack circuit has one end connected to the 11th port of the 12-way valve and the other end connected to the 12th port of the 12-way valve, and the two ends of the battery pack circuit can be selectively connected or disconnected from each other. The refrigerant side of the first heat exchanger and the refrigerant side of the second heat exchanger can be selectively connected or disconnected.

2. The control method for the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack circuit includes: The first proportional three-way valve has its port 1 connected to port 11 of the twelve-way valve and its port 3 connected to port 12 of the twelve-way valve. The second proportional three-way valve has its port 2 connected to both port 3 of the first proportional three-way valve and port 12 of the twelve-way valve, and its port 3 connected to port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve. The inlet of the first water pump is connected to port 2 of the first proportional three-way valve and port 3 of the second proportional three-way valve. The battery pack has its coolant inlet connected to the outlet of the first water pump, and its coolant outlet connected to port 1 of the second proportional three-way valve.

3. The control method for the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The electric drive system circuit includes: The second water pump has its inlet connected to the 9th port of the 12-way valve; The electric drive system has its coolant inlet connected to the outlet of the second water pump, and its coolant outlet connected to the 10th port of the 12-way valve.

4. The control method for the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve also includes: The first water tank has one end connected to the coolant inlet of the second heat exchanger and the other end connected to the coolant outlet of the second heat exchanger. The second water tank has one end connected to the coolant inlet of the first heat exchanger and the other end connected to the coolant outlet of the first heat exchanger.

5. The control method for the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve also includes: The compressor has its inlet connected to the refrigerant-side outlet of the second heat exchanger and its outlet connected to the refrigerant-side inlet of the first heat exchanger. The liquid storage tank has its inlet connected to the refrigerant side outlet of the first heat exchanger; An electronic expansion valve is connected at one end to the outlet of the liquid storage tank and at the other end to the refrigerant side inlet of the second heat exchanger.

6. The control method for the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve also includes: A temperature sensor is located at the coolant inlet of the battery pack.

7. The control method for the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The second, third, and fourth water pumps are integrated into the twelve-way valve.

8. The control method for the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Step two specifically includes: When the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive reduced efficiency heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode are activated simultaneously, the twelve-way valve is in the first working mode, and the warm air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the electric drive system, the second water pump, the third water pump and the fourth water pump are turned on. In the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack no-demand mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the second working mode, and the warm air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low-temperature radiator, the third water pump, and the fourth water pump are turned on. In the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive efficiency reduction heating and supplemental heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the third working mode, and the heater core, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, low temperature radiator, battery pack, electric drive system, first water pump, second water pump, third water pump, fourth water pump, first proportional three-way valve and second proportional three-way valve are open. In the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the fourth working mode, and the warm air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the first water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve, and the second proportional three-way valve are open. In the crew cabin heating mode, battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the fifth working mode, and the warm air core, cold air core, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, low temperature radiator, battery pack, electric drive system, first water pump, second water pump, third water pump, fourth water pump, first proportional three-way valve and second proportional three-way valve are open. In the battery pack heating mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the sixth working mode, and the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the electric drive system, the first water pump, the second water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve, and the second proportional three-way valve are open. In battery pack heating mode and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the seventh working mode, and the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the first water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve and the second proportional three-way valve are open. In the vehicle defrosting mode, the twelve-way valve is in the eighth working mode, and the heater core, the cold air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low-temperature radiator, the electric drive system, the second water pump, the third water pump and the fourth water pump are turned on. In the crew cabin dehumidification mode, battery pack no-demand mode, electric drive waste heat utilization mode, and air source heat pump heating mode, the twelve-way valve is in the ninth working mode, and the warm air core, cold air core, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, low temperature radiator, electric drive system, second water pump, third water pump and fourth water pump are turned on. In battery pack cooling mode and electric drive heat dissipation mode, the twelve-way valve is in the tenth working mode, and the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the electric drive system, the first water pump, the second water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve and the second proportional three-way valve are opened. In the crew cabin cooling mode, battery pack cooling mode, and electric drive heat dissipation mode, the twelve-way valve is in the eleventh working mode, and the cold air core, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the low temperature radiator, the battery pack, the electric drive system, the first water pump, the second water pump, the third water pump, the fourth water pump, the first proportional three-way valve, and the second proportional three-way valve are opened.

9. The control method for the electric vehicle thermal management system based on a multi-way valve as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The mode switching of the twelve-way valve includes: The first working mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 of the twelve-way valve (140) are all open, and ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The second working mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the twelve-way valve are all open, and ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 are interconnected. The third working mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve (140) are all open, and ports 1 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The fourth operating mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve (140) are all open, with ports 1 and 11 interconnected, ports 3 and 12 interconnected, ports 4 and 7 interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 interconnected. The fifth working mode is that all ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the 12-way valve are open, with ports 1 and 11 interconnected, ports 3 and 12 interconnected, ports 4 and 8 interconnected, ports 5 and 9 interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 interconnected. The sixth working mode is that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the twelve-way valve (140) are all open, and ports 2 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The seventh working mode is that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 of the 12-way valve (140) are all open, and ports 2 and 11 are interconnected, ports 3 and 12 are interconnected, ports 4 and 7 are interconnected, and ports 5 and 6 are interconnected. The eighth working mode is that ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the twelve-way valve (140) are all open, and ports 1 and 4 are interconnected, ports 5 and 3 are interconnected, ports 8 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. In the ninth working mode, ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the twelve-way valve (140) are all open, and ports 1 and 3 are interconnected, ports 4 and 8 are interconnected, ports 5 and 9 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The tenth working mode is that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the twelve-way valve (140) are all open, and ports 2 and 4 are interconnected, ports 3 and 5 are interconnected, ports 7 and 11 are interconnected, ports 9 and 12 are interconnected, and ports 6 and 10 are interconnected. The eleventh working mode is that ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the twelve-way valve (140) are all open, and ports 2 and 4 are interconnected, ports 3 and 5 are interconnected, ports 6 and 10 are interconnected, ports 8 and 11 are interconnected, and ports 9 and 12 are interconnected.

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