Marine lithium battery device protection system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a protection system of a marine lithium battery device and a control method of the protection system. According to the system, a ship battery pack classification protection system is established according to the importance degree of a protected object, the damage degree of a fault to the whole device and the fault recovery processing difficulty degree or the maintenance convenience, and the operation state of a lithium battery device is evaluated and subjected to safety protection decision making, so that the safety of the lithium battery device is improved. And the battery is effectively prevented from being damaged due to over-low or over-high electric quantity, over-low or over-high temperature and the like. Four elements such as fault nodes, fault states, evaluation parameters and judgment criteria are set for each protection category or subcategory, and data calculation and protection analysis are performed on the four elements through data acquisition, so that the analysis precision is improved, and fault misjudgment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pure battery power systems for ships, and in particular to a protection system for a marine lithium battery device and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Marine battery protection is mainly to ensure the safety of the battery and extend its service life. A series of measures are taken to prevent the battery from being overcharged, overheated, or damaged in high current / short circuit conditions. If the battery is aged or damaged, it is prone to leakage, explosion and other safety issues.

[0003] The existing protection strategy for automotive and household batteries is that when the battery power is too low or too high, the temperature is too low or too high, etc., the battery management system will automatically protect it. At this time, the battery will no longer provide power output until the battery power returns to a safe range, or the temperature drops or rises to a safe range, so as to protect the health and life of the battery during long-term use. Patent CN118659479A discloses a battery protection circuit, a battery assembly, a battery pack, an electronic device and a control method. The battery protection circuit includes: a battery sampling module, a battery protection unit, a main control unit, and a main switch unit. The battery protection unit is also connected to an abnormal reference voltage, and the battery status is evaluated through a fuel gauge, and the corresponding parameter adjustment signal is output to the battery protection circuit to meet the protection requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: the present invention adopts a protection system for a marine lithium battery device. Through a battery fault classification protection mechanism, the lithium battery management system monitors the current, voltage and temperature during the charging and discharging process in real time. According to the importance of the protected object, the degree of harm of the fault to the entire device, and the difficulty of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance, a classification protection system is established to process information to improve the accuracy of fault identification, improve the efficiency of fault processing, and ensure the safe operation of the battery pack.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a protection system for a marine lithium battery device, comprising a data signal acquisition domain, a monitoring unit, a control unit, an execution unit arranged at the ship end, and a monitoring center arranged at the shore end, which is used to store the operation history data of the lithium battery device and implement remote monitoring of the protection system;

[0006] The monitoring unit is used to monitor the working status and operating parameters of the protected objects in the data signal acquisition domain, such as the working status, operation and performance parameters of batteries, devices and circuits; the control unit is used to classify, summarize and process the data or external operation instructions collected by the monitoring unit, and execute corresponding security protection operations through the protection function modules of the execution unit on the processing results;

[0007] The data signal acquisition domain includes lithium battery clusters, high-voltage line components, busbar components and load equipment; the monitoring components include temperature monitoring units, voltage monitoring units, line current monitoring units, battery terminal insulation monitoring units, device input control DI detection, device output control DO detection, and external communication monitoring;

[0008] The control unit is provided with three levels of slave control module, master control module and general control module. The lithium battery device battery pack is equipped with a general control module, the battery cluster is equipped with a master control module, and the battery pack is equipped with a slave control module; the slave control module and the master control module directly obtain the monitoring point data in the data signal acquisition domain through the monitoring unit and store and process it, or the master control module calls the data and the slave control module processes the data; the general control module is used to receive and process the data uploaded by the master control module or the external operation instructions;

[0009] The slave control module is responsible for managing the temperature monitoring unit and the voltage monitoring unit, which are used for voltage and temperature acquisition of the battery module, and are stored in the data buffer of the microcontroller unit MCU waiting for secondary data processing; the results of data processing are used to determine the specific voltage acquisition disconnection channel and temperature disconnection channel; the slave control module receives the communication instruction to perform passive balancing on the specified channel or autonomous balancing when the starting voltage and pressure difference threshold for starting balancing are met; the slave control module receives the automatic encoding command to encode the address and save the data to the EEPROM, and reads the new address value from the EEPROM in real time each time data is uploaded;

[0010] The main control module is responsible for managing the load total voltage monitoring circuit, battery end total voltage monitoring circuit, line current monitoring circuit, battery end insulation monitoring circuit, multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit, multi-input DI detection circuit and positive and negative relay monitoring circuit DO. The multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit is used to detect the ambient temperature, OTP ambient temperature, and high-voltage box copper busbar temperature; the line current monitoring circuit is used to estimate the SOC value during battery charging or discharging, and determine whether the charging and discharging is excessive;

[0011] The execution unit includes a protection management module, a protection execution module and a protection control module. The protection management module starts the execution thread according to the pre-defined and performs protection parameter calculation and analysis. The protection execution module includes a group of alarm devices, which receive the analysis results of the protection management module and specifically perform corresponding protection function warnings. The protection control module implements automatic system protection or performs corresponding emergency protection operations through human-computer interaction.

[0012] Each protection category is set up with lower-level subcategories as needed to facilitate the identification of fault nodes and maintenance of faults. Each protection category or subcategory is set up with four major elements: fault nodes, fault status, evaluation parameters and judgment criteria; the protection management module compares the data calculation and protection analysis results with the protection conditions of the classification library and template library in the database based on the four major elements, and gives execution instructions to the protection execution module.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the EEPROM is an EEPROM whose address is retained after power failure.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the battery cluster includes several battery packs connected in series, and the battery pack includes two or more lithium battery modules connected in series. Multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery group, and the lithium battery group is arranged in the battery compartment A2. A domain control box is provided outside the battery compartment A2, and the domain control box is equipped with a domain control box panel; the high-voltage line assembly is arranged in the high-voltage box, and the high-voltage line assembly includes a high-voltage box main circuit, a high-voltage box external wiring harness, and a high-voltage box manual switch MSD. The high-voltage box main circuit is provided with positive and negative relays, fuses and current sensors, and the high-voltage box main circuit extends to the battery cluster to form a power supply circuit.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the protection management module divides the protection categories into 8 categories and implements them through the protection management module according to the importance of the protected object, the degree of harm of the fault to the entire device, the difficulty of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance, including battery overheating protection, overvoltage and undervoltage protection, excessive charging and discharging protection, battery charge protection, insulation protection, data acquisition and transmission protection, abnormal action protection, and other abnormal protection.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the battery overheat protection is based on the temperature detection circuit of the slave control module and the temperature sensor on the battery cell; the overvoltage and undervoltage protection are based on the voltage detection circuit of the slave control module and the battery terminal voltage and load terminal voltage detection circuit of the master control module; the over-charge and over-discharge protection is based on the Hall sensor in the high-voltage box and the current detection circuit of the master control module; the insulation protection is based on the insulation detection circuit of the master control module; the fault emergency stop is based on the external emergency stop button and the DI module of the master control module; the data power-off protection is based on the EEPROM of the slave control module, the FRAM of the master control module and the power-off retention area of ​​the master control module; if the battery stops running due to a fault, it is executed by lowering the high voltage to the battery cluster.

[0017] A further technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a control method for a protection system of a marine lithium battery device as described above.

[0018] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a control method for a protection system of a marine lithium battery device as described above comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Power on the system

[0020] The system is powered on and starts up, and self-checks, including insulation resistance self-check; if the system displays that the startup status is normal, proceed to step 2; otherwise, determine the insulation status of the battery end. If the insulation status of the battery end is good, restart and self-check; otherwise, proceed to step 6;

[0021] Step 2: Monitor unit operation

[0022] Setting the data monitoring timer enables the monitoring unit to run periodically, and performing corresponding data storage, preprocessing and sending through the corresponding module of the protection control unit according to the thread;

[0023] Step 3: Protection control data analysis and calculation

[0024] The protection control unit receives data regularly, performs data analysis and calculations, and stores the calculation results in the database;

[0025] Step 4: Protect and execute data classification retrieval

[0026] The protection management module of the protection execution unit performs classified retrieval of protection categories on the database and generates classified database storage;

[0027] Step 5: Protect execution classification control screening

[0028] The protection execution module compares the protection template conditions according to the three processing methods of reset, alarm and shutdown. If there is data that meets the protection conditions, it will be screened and stored; otherwise, it will jump to the execution step 2;

[0029] Step 6: Classify and issue protection execution instructions

[0030] The protection control unit receives protection data regularly and issues protection execution instructions to the system, which are executed according to the automatic processing or manual processing mode of the system; if it is manual processing, proceed to step seven;

[0031] Step 7: Manual processing

[0032] The protection execution unit executes the protection instruction;

[0033] Step 8: End;

[0034] Power off and the system stops running.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. According to the importance of the protected object, the degree of harm caused by the fault to the entire device, the difficulty of fault recovery or the convenience of maintenance, a classification protection system for ship battery packs is established. By evaluating the operating status of the lithium battery device and making safety protection decisions, the battery can be effectively prevented from being damaged due to low or high power, low or high temperature, etc.

[0037] 2. For each protection category or subcategory, four major elements, including fault node, fault state, evaluation parameters and judgment criteria, are set. Through data collection, data calculation and protection analysis are performed corresponding to the four major elements to improve analysis accuracy and reduce misjudgment of faults.

[0038] 3. Use various forms of fault reminders to ensure timely fault handling to avoid large losses caused by delayed handling time. For example, when the battery enters protection mode, an indicator light will usually light up or a sound prompt will sound to remind the user to take corresponding measures, such as charging, cooling, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a system composition diagram of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the corresponding relationship between the control module and the data source of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a correlation diagram of the four major elements of the protection category of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 is a control flow chart of the protection system of the present invention;

[0043] In the attached figure: A-ship end, A1-driving console, A2-battery compartment, B-shore end; 100-data signal acquisition domain, 200-monitoring unit, 300-control unit, 400-execution unit, 500-monitoring center;

[0044] 110-lithium battery cluster, 120-high voltage line assembly, 130-bus assembly, 140-load equipment; 111-battery pack, 112-lithium battery module, 113-domain control box, 114-domain control box panel; 121-high voltage box main circuit, 122-high voltage box external wiring harness, 123-high voltage box manual switch MSD;

[0045] 211-temperature monitoring component, 212-voltage monitoring component, 213-line current monitoring component, 214-battery terminal insulation monitoring component, 215-input control DI, 216-output control DO, 217-external communication monitoring; 310-slave control module, 320-master control module, 330-general control module, 410-protection management module, 420-protection execution module, 430 protection control module;

[0046] 411 battery overheat protection, 412-overvoltage and undervoltage protection, 413-charge and discharge over-protection, 414-battery charge protection, 415-insulation protection, 416-data collection and transmission protection, 417-abnormal action protection, 418-other abnormal protection; 511-classification library, 512-template library. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0048] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a protection system for a marine lithium battery device includes a data signal acquisition domain 100, a monitoring unit 200, a control unit 300, an execution unit 400 arranged at the ship end, and a monitoring center 500 arranged at the shore end, which is used to store the operation history data of the lithium battery device and implement remote monitoring of the protection system;

[0049] The monitoring unit 200 is used to monitor the working state and operating parameters of the protected objects in the data signal acquisition domain 100, such as the working state and operating and performance parameters of batteries, devices and circuits; the control unit 300 is used to classify, summarize and process the data or external operation instructions collected by the monitoring unit 200, and execute corresponding security protection operations through the protection function modules of the execution unit 400 on the processing results;

[0050] The data signal acquisition domain 100 includes a lithium battery cluster 110, a high voltage line assembly 120, a bus assembly 130 and a load device 140;

[0051] The battery cluster 110 includes a plurality of battery packs 111 connected in series, each battery pack includes two or more lithium battery modules 112 connected in series, and a plurality of battery clusters 110 are connected in parallel to form a battery group, and the lithium battery group is arranged in the battery compartment A2, and a domain control box 113 is arranged outside the battery compartment A2, and the domain control box 113 is equipped with a domain control box panel 114; the high-voltage line assembly 120 is arranged in the high-voltage box, and the high-voltage line assembly 120 includes a high-voltage box main circuit 121, a high-voltage box external wiring harness 122, and a high-voltage box manual switch MSD123, and the high-voltage box main circuit 121 is provided with positive and negative relays, fuses and current sensors, and the high-voltage box main circuit 121 extends to the battery cluster 110 to form a power supply circuit.

[0052] The monitoring unit 200 includes a temperature monitoring component 211, a voltage monitoring component 212, a line current monitoring component 213, a battery terminal insulation monitoring component 214, a device input control DI detection 215, a device output control DO detection 216, and an external communication monitoring 217;

[0053] The above monitoring components are configured with corresponding sensor and detection circuit combinations according to different monitoring index parameter requirements, or the detection circuit is used alone to realize parameter detection, so as to evaluate the operating status of the lithium battery device and make safety protection decisions;

[0054] It can monitor 19 parameters including charging cell temperature (℃), cell voltage (V) and so on (which can also be expanded as needed). The parameters that can be calculated from the monitored parameters include cell pressure difference (V), cell temperature difference (℃) and system minimum power (SOC value, %). All these parameters are used to evaluate the operating status of the lithium battery device and make safety protection decisions. See Table 1 below for details:

[0055]

[0056] Table 1

[0057] The control unit 300 is provided with three levels of slave control module 310, master control module 320 and general control module 330. The lithium battery device battery pack is equipped with a general control module 330, the battery cluster 110 is equipped with a master control module 320, and the battery pack is equipped with a slave control module 310; the slave control module and the master control module directly obtain the monitoring point data in the data signal acquisition domain 100 through the monitoring unit 200 and store and process it, or the master control module calls the data and the slave control module processes the data; the general control module is used to receive and process the data uploaded by the master control module or the external operation instruction;

[0058] The slave control module 310 is provided with a slave controller, a data acquisition circuit, a signal processing circuit, a communication interface and an EEPROM memory, etc. It is responsible for managing the temperature monitoring component 211 and the voltage monitoring component 212, and is used for the voltage and temperature acquisition of the battery module, and is stored in the data buffer area of ​​the microcontroller unit MCU waiting for secondary data processing; the result of data processing is used to determine the specific voltage acquisition disconnection channel and the temperature disconnection channel; the communication instruction is received to perform passive equalization on the specified channel or autonomous equalization when the starting voltage and pressure difference threshold for equalization are met; the automatic encoding command is received to encode the address of the slave control module 310 and save the data to the EEPROM, and the EEPROM is an EEPROM whose address is still maintained after power failure. The new address value is read from the EEPROM in real time each time data is uploaded;

[0059] The main control module 320 is provided with a main controller, a data acquisition circuit, a signal processing circuit and a communication interface, etc., and is responsible for managing the load total voltage monitoring circuit, the battery end total voltage monitoring circuit, the line current monitoring circuit, the battery end insulation monitoring circuit, the multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit, the multi-input DI detection circuit and the positive and negative relay monitoring circuit DO. The multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit is used to detect the ambient temperature, the OTP ambient temperature, and the high-voltage box copper busbar temperature; the line current monitoring circuit is used to estimate the SOC value during the battery charging or discharging process and determine whether the charging and discharging is excessive;

[0060] The master control module 330 is provided with a master controller (PLC), a battery cluster 110 communication interface, an external signal input digital interface (DI module), a peripheral control output digital interface (DO module), a power supply protection circuit, an HMI interface, etc., which are respectively used to summarize all uploaded data of the master control module 320, respond to and execute external input operation instructions, configure battery pack parameters in the HMI interface, and send some parameters to the master control module 320;

[0061] The execution unit 400 includes a protection management module 410, a protection execution module 420 and a protection control module 430. The protection management module 410 starts the execution thread according to the pre-defined, and performs protection parameter calculation and analysis; the protection execution module 420 includes a group of alarm devices, which receive the analysis results of the protection management module 410 and specifically perform corresponding protection function warnings; the protection control module 430 implements system automatic protection or performs corresponding emergency protection operations through human-computer interaction. The protection control is implemented in three processing methods: first-level warning, second-level alarm, and third-level protection. The first-level warning implements sound and light alarm and fault information display; the second-level alarm implements sound and light alarm, fault information display and power reduction, and the third-level protection implements sound and light alarm, fault information display and shutdown;

[0062] Each protection category is set up with lower subcategories as needed to facilitate the determination of fault nodes and maintenance of faults. Each protection category or subcategory is set up with four major elements: fault nodes, fault status, evaluation parameters and judgment criteria. The protection management module 410 compares the data calculation and protection analysis results with the protection conditions of the classification library 511 and the template library 512 in the database according to the four major elements, and gives execution instructions to the protection execution module 420.

[0063] The protection management module 410 divides the protection categories into 8 categories according to the importance of the protected object, the degree of harm of the fault to the entire device, and the difficulty of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance, and implements them through the protection management module 410, including battery overheat protection 411, overvoltage and undervoltage protection 412, excessive charge and discharge protection 413, battery charge protection 414, insulation protection 415, data collection and transmission protection 416, abnormal action protection 417, and other abnormal (fault emergency stop, data power loss) protection 418; when a fault of each protection category occurs, it is implemented according to the three processing methods of primary warning, secondary alarm, and tertiary protection;

[0064] The battery overheat protection 411 is based on the temperature detection circuit of the slave control module and the temperature sensor on the battery cell; the overvoltage and undervoltage protection 412 is based on the voltage detection circuit of the slave control module and the battery terminal voltage and load terminal voltage detection circuit of the master control module; the over-charge and over-discharge protection 413 is based on the Hall sensor in the high-voltage box and the current detection circuit of the master control module; the insulation protection 415 is based on the insulation detection circuit of the master control module; the fault emergency stop in other abnormal protection 418 is based on the external emergency stop button (set on the high-voltage box panel) and the DI module of the master control module 330; the data power-off protection in the EEPROM is based on the EEPROM of the slave control module 310, the FRAM of the master control module 320 and the power-off retention area of ​​the master control module 330; if the battery stops running due to a fault, it is executed by lowering the high voltage of the battery cluster 110, as shown in Table 2 below:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Table 2

[0068] like Figure 4 As shown, the control method of the protection system of a marine lithium battery device comprises the following steps:

[0069] Step 1: Power on the system

[0070] The system is powered on and starts up, and performs self-test, including insulation resistance self-test; if the system shows that the startup status is normal, proceed to step 2; if the system shows that the startup status is abnormal, determine the insulation condition of the battery end. If the insulation condition of the battery end is good, restart and perform self-test; otherwise, proceed to step 6;

[0071] Step 2: Monitor unit operation

[0072] The data monitoring timer is set so that the monitoring unit 200 runs periodically, and the corresponding data collection, storage, preprocessing and sending in Table 1 are performed through the corresponding modules (temperature monitoring component 211, voltage monitoring component 212, line current monitoring component 213, battery terminal insulation monitoring component 214, device input control DI detection 215, device output control DO detection 216, external communication monitoring 217) of the protection control unit 300 according to the thread;

[0073] Step 3: Protection control data analysis and calculation

[0074] The slave control module 310, the master control module 320 and the master control module 330 in the protection control unit 300 receive data regularly respectively, and perform data analysis and calculation according to Table 2 through their respective controllers, and store the calculation results in the database;

[0075] Step 4: Protect and execute data classification retrieval

[0076] The protection management module 410 of the protection execution unit 400 performs classification search of the protection category (reset, alarm, shutdown) on the database, and generates classification data and stores it in the classification library 511;

[0077] Step 5: Protect execution classification control screening

[0078] The protection execution module 420 compares the protection template conditions (template library 512) according to the three processing methods of level 1 warning, level 2 alarm and level 3 protection. If there is data that meets the protection conditions (protection category element 4), it is screened and stored and step 6 is executed; otherwise, it jumps to step 2.

[0079] Step 6: Classify and issue protection execution instructions

[0080] The protection control module 430 executes the instructions issued by the protection execution module 420 in an automatic or manual manner, and the first-level warning and second-level alarm execute automatic processing steps S61 and S62, and the third-level protection executes step S63;

[0081] S61: Early Warning

[0082] If the first-level warning conditions are met, the sound and light alarm and fault information display will be implemented; after a certain delay (2-5s), the recovery conditions are met (the evaluation parameters of protection category element 3 meet the normal operating conditions), the warning is automatically eliminated and step 2 is executed; otherwise, step 7 is executed;

[0083] S62: Alarm

[0084] If the secondary alarm conditions are met, the sound and light alarm, fault information display and power reduction are performed, and the delay is a certain time (2-5s), and the recovery conditions are met (the evaluation parameters of protection category element 3 meet the normal operating conditions), the alarm is automatically eliminated, and step 2 is executed; otherwise, step 7 is executed;

[0085] S63: Protection

[0086] If the third-level protection conditions are met, implement sound and light alarm, fault information display and shutdown, and execute step 7;

[0087] Step 7: Manual troubleshooting

[0088] Manually handle the fault point according to the fault information prompt. If the recovery conditions are met, if the system is restarted, proceed to step 1; otherwise, proceed to step 8;

[0089] Step 8: End

[0090] Power off to end this operation.

[0091] The above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the invention, as well as some embodiments of its application, and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the invention, and all of these belong to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A protection system for a marine lithium battery device, comprising a data signal acquisition domain (100) arranged at a ship end, a monitoring unit (200), a control unit (300), an execution unit (400), and a monitoring center (500) arranged at a shore end, for storing historical operation data of the lithium battery device and implementing remote monitoring of the protection system; Features: The monitoring unit (200) is used to monitor the working state and operating parameters of the protected objects in the data signal acquisition domain (100), such as the working state and operating and performance parameters of batteries, devices and circuits; the control unit (300) is used to classify, summarize and process the data or external operation instructions collected by the monitoring unit (200), and to execute corresponding security protection operations on the processing results through the protection function modules of the execution unit (400); The data signal acquisition domain (100) includes a lithium battery cluster (110), a high voltage line component (120), a busbar component (130) and a load device (140); the monitoring component (200) includes a temperature monitoring unit (211), a voltage monitoring unit (212), a line current monitoring unit (213), a battery terminal insulation monitoring unit (214), a device input control DI detection (215), a device output control DO detection (216), and an external communication monitoring (217); The control unit (300) is provided with three levels of slave control module (310), master control module (320) and general control module (330); the lithium battery device battery pack is configured with a general control module (330), the battery cluster is configured with a master control module (320), and the battery pack is configured with a slave control module (310); the slave control module and the master control module directly obtain the monitoring point data in the data signal acquisition domain (100) through the monitoring unit (200) and store and process the data, or the master control module calls the data and then processes the data; the general control module is used to receive and process the data uploaded by the master control module or the external operation instruction; The slave control module (310) is responsible for managing the temperature monitoring unit (211) and the voltage monitoring unit (212) for collecting the voltage and temperature of the battery module and storing the collected data in the data buffer area of ​​the microcontroller unit MCU for secondary data processing; The result of data processing is used to determine the specific voltage collection disconnection channel and the temperature disconnection channel; receiving a communication instruction to perform passive balancing on the specified channel or autonomous balancing when the starting voltage and pressure difference threshold for starting balancing are met; receiving an automatic encoding command to encode the address of the slave control module (310) and save the data to the EEPROM, and reading a new address value from the EEPROM in real time each time data is uploaded; The main control module (320) is responsible for managing the load total voltage monitoring circuit, the battery end total voltage monitoring circuit, the line current monitoring circuit, the battery end insulation monitoring circuit, the multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit, the multi-channel input DI detection circuit and the positive and negative relay monitoring circuit DO, wherein the multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit is used to detect the ambient temperature, the OTP ambient temperature and the high-voltage box copper busbar temperature; The line current monitoring circuit is used to estimate the SOC value during battery charging or discharging to determine whether the charge or discharge is excessive; The execution unit (400) comprises a protection management module (410), a protection execution module (420) and a protection control module (430). The protection management module (410) starts an execution thread according to a predefined method to calculate and analyze protection parameters. The protection execution module (420) comprises a group of alarm devices, which receive the analysis results of the protection management module (410) and specifically execute corresponding protection function warnings. The protection control module (430) implements automatic system protection or executes corresponding protection operations in emergency situations through human-computer interaction. Each protection category is set up with lower subcategories as needed to facilitate the determination of fault nodes and maintenance of faults. Each protection category or subcategory is set up with four major elements: fault node, fault status, evaluation parameters and judgment criteria; The protection management module (410) compares the data calculation and protection analysis results with the protection conditions of the classification library (511) and the template library (512) in the database according to the four major elements, and gives execution instructions to the protection execution module (420).

2. A protection system for a marine lithium battery device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The EEPROM is an EEPROM whose address is still retained after power failure.

3. A protection system for a marine lithium battery device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The battery cluster (110) comprises a plurality of battery packs (111) connected in series, wherein the battery pack comprises two or more lithium battery modules (112) connected in series, and a plurality of battery clusters (110) are connected in parallel to form a battery group, wherein the lithium battery group is arranged in a battery compartment A2, and a domain control box (113) is arranged outside the battery compartment A2, and the domain control box (113) is provided with a domain control box panel (114); a high-voltage line assembly (120) is arranged in the high-voltage box, and the high-voltage line assembly (120) comprises a high-voltage box main circuit (121), a high-voltage box external wiring harness (122), and a high-voltage box manual switch MSD (123); a positive and negative relay, a fuse, and a current sensor are arranged on the high-voltage box main circuit (121), and the high-voltage box main circuit (121) is extended to the battery cluster to form a power supply circuit.

4. A protection system for a marine lithium battery device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The protection management module (410) divides the protection categories into eight categories according to the importance of the protected object, the degree of harm caused by the fault to the entire device, and the difficulty of fault recovery or the convenience of maintenance, and implements them through the protection management module (410), including battery overheat protection (411), overvoltage and undervoltage protection (412), excessive charge and discharge protection (413), battery charge protection (414), insulation protection (415), data collection and transmission protection (416), abnormal action protection (417), and other abnormal protection (418).

5. A protection system for a marine lithium battery device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The battery overheat protection (411) is based on the temperature detection circuit of the slave control module and the temperature sensor on the battery cell; the overvoltage and undervoltage protection (412) is based on the voltage detection circuit of the slave control module and the battery terminal voltage and load terminal voltage detection circuit of the master control module; the overcharge and overdischarge protection (413) is based on the Hall sensor in the high-voltage box and the current detection circuit of the master control module; the insulation protection (415) is based on the insulation detection circuit of the master control module; the fault emergency stop is based on the external emergency stop button and the DI module of the master control module; the data power-off protection is based on the EEPROM of the slave control module, the FRAM of the master control module and the power-off retention area of ​​the master control module; if the battery stops running due to a fault, it is executed by lowering the high voltage of the battery cluster.

6. A method for controlling a protection system of a marine lithium battery device as claimed in claim 5, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Power on the system The system is powered on and starts up, and performs self-tests, including insulation resistance self-tests. If the system displays that the startup status is normal, proceed to step 2. Otherwise, determine the insulation status of the battery terminal. If the insulation status of the battery terminal is good, restart and perform self-tests. Otherwise, proceed to step 6; Step 2: Monitor unit operation Setting a data monitoring timer so that the monitoring unit (200) runs periodically, and executing corresponding data storage, preprocessing and sending through corresponding modules of the protection control unit (300) according to the thread; Step 3: Protection control data analysis and calculation The protection control unit (300) receives data regularly, performs data analysis and calculation, and stores the calculation results in a database; Step 4: Protect and execute data classification retrieval The protection management module (410) of the protection execution unit (400) performs classified search of the protection categories on the database and generates a classified database for storage; Step 5: Protect execution classification control screening The protection execution module (420) performs a protection template condition comparison according to the three processing modes of reset, alarm and shutdown. If there is data that meets the protection conditions, it is screened and stored; otherwise, it jumps to the execution step 2; Step 6: Classify and issue protection execution instructions The protection control unit (300) receives protection data regularly and sends protection execution instructions to (420), which are executed according to the system automatic processing or manual processing mode; if it is manual processing, step seven is performed; Step 7: Manual processing The protection execution unit (430) executes the protection instruction; Step 8: End; Power off and the system stops running.

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