A domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device and power supply method

Abstract

The present invention provides a domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device and power supply method, including a domain control board, a motor controller driver board and a power device. The high-voltage area of ​​the motor controller driver board is provided with a backup power supply circuit; the domain control board and the motor controller driver board interact at low voltage via a connector; the motor controller driver board and the power device are directly connected via PIN pin welding; the motor controller driver board receives the high-voltage back electromotive force from the motor through the power device and converts it into a low-voltage DC power supply, thereby utilizing the high voltage of the motor back electromotive force to provide power backup for the entire vehicle control unit. Drawing power through this device does not require a new low-voltage power supply, a new wiring harness, or the closure of the main relay of the entire vehicle high-voltage circuit, nor does it require additional high-low voltage isolation. It can achieve optimal cost and size while meeting safety requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of low-voltage control units for new energy vehicles, and in particular to a low-voltage backup power supply device for a domain controller. Background Art

[0002] With the continued advancement of electrification and intelligent vehicles, the requirements for response speed and reliability of various vehicle controllers (such as the vehicle control unit (VCU), battery management system (BMS), and drive control unit (MCU)) are becoming increasingly stringent. This advancement places even higher demands on the stability of low-voltage power supply systems. When the low-voltage power supply becomes unstable, onboard power-related controllers may experience a temporary power outage, resulting in operational interruptions, impacting vehicle functionality and performance, and even causing safety issues. This challenge makes low-voltage power supply backup systems a critical technology.

[0003] Currently, existing solutions to this problem generally include the following: 1. Adding a low-voltage battery to the vehicle to provide backup power for the control unit. However, this increases vehicle cost and weight, and if the battery or wiring harness fails, the vehicle will be unable to continue driving. 2. Directly drawing two power lines from the low-voltage battery to the onboard control unit. However, this increases the cost of the wiring harness, and if the battery or wiring harness fails, the vehicle will be unable to drive. 3. Drawing power from the vehicle's power battery to power the low-voltage control unit. However, this also requires an additional wiring harness, further increasing costs. Furthermore, this approach relies on the high-voltage system and main relay to be engaged, so it cannot provide a stable power supply in some scenarios. If the power battery or high-voltage wiring harness fails, the vehicle will be unable to continue driving. 4. Generating a low-voltage backup power supply from the motor controller's high-voltage unit. However, this solution also requires powering the vehicle through the wiring harness and cannot deliver the low-voltage backup power to the various control units in the vehicle. If the power supply or wiring harness fails, normal vehicle operation may be impossible.

[0004] Therefore, current traditional solutions for addressing the issue of unstable low-voltage power supply have certain drawbacks. Whether adding a low-voltage battery, drawing power from the vehicle's power battery, or obtaining power from the motor or motor controller, all solutions involve the introduction of additional wiring harnesses and battery systems, which undoubtedly increases the cost and weight of the vehicle. Failure of these systems can render the vehicle unable to continue driving, seriously affecting the reliability and safety of the vehicle. Therefore, a more efficient, stable, and cost-effective solution is needed to ensure a stable low-voltage power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device and power supply method, which draws power from the power device through the motor controller driver board, and integrates the control board of the vehicle controller and the control board of the motor controller as a common main control chip, so as to realize the use of the high voltage of the motor back electromotive force to power the vehicle control unit.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device is provided, comprising: a domain control board, a motor controller driver board, a power device, and a motor, wherein the high-voltage area of ​​the motor controller driver board is provided with a backup power supply circuit; the domain control board integrates motor control functions and vehicle controller functions;

[0008] The domain control board and the motor controller driver board interact at low voltage through a connector; the motor controller driver board is directly connected to the power device through PIN pin welding, and the motor controller driver board receives the high-voltage back electromotive force from the motor through the power device and converts it into a low-voltage DC power supply;

[0009] When the vehicle has speed, the motor generates back electromotive force and usable high-voltage electric energy, and transmits the electric energy to the backup power supply circuit of the motor controller driver board through the power device. Furthermore, the backup power supply circuit of the motor controller driver board converts the high-voltage direct current into low-voltage direct current. At the same time, the motor controller driver board transmits the low-voltage direct current to the domain control board through the connector and supplies power to each circuit module of the domain control board, ensuring that the domain control board can operate normally when the normal power supply is lost.

[0010] Optionally, the power device is an IGBT, a MOSFET or a transistor.

[0011] Optionally, the power device receives the back electromotive force generated by the motor and transmits electrical energy through the conduction characteristics of its emitter and collector.

[0012] Optionally, the domain control board has the function of a vehicle controller and can provide low-voltage backup power to various control systems of the vehicle.

[0013] Optionally, the motor controller driver board obtains high voltage power through the PIN pin of the power device, without the need for additional connectors and wiring harnesses.

[0014] Optionally, the motor controller driver board transmits backup power through a low-voltage connector connected to the domain control board.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a power supply method is provided, which is implemented using the above-mentioned domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device and specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] Step S1. When the vehicle has a speed, the motor generates back electromotive force and provides usable high-voltage electrical energy;

[0017] Step S2. The power device transmits the electrical energy to the backup power circuit of the motor controller driver board;

[0018] Step S3. The backup power circuit of the motor controller driver board converts the high voltage DC power into low voltage DC power;

[0019] Step S4. The motor controller driver board transmits the low-voltage DC power generated on it to the domain control board through the connector and supplies power to each circuit module of the domain control board, so that the domain control board can work normally when the normal power supply is lost.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The low-voltage backup power supply device for a domain controller, provided by this invention, draws power from power devices via the motor controller driver board. The vehicle control board and motor control board are integrated into a common main control chip, utilizing the high voltage generated by the motor's back electromotive force to provide backup power to the vehicle's control unit. This power supply eliminates the need for a new low-voltage power supply, wiring harness, closure of the vehicle's high-voltage circuit main relay, or additional high- and low-voltage isolation, ensuring safety while optimizing cost and size. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a functional flow chart of the low-voltage backup power supply device for the domain controller described in the first embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the motor controller driver board described in the first embodiment;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the power device structure described in the first embodiment;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the steps of the power extraction method described in the second embodiment.

[0027] 1-Connector

[0028] 2-Backup power circuit

[0029] 3-PIN

[0030] 4-Collector

[0031] 5-Emitter DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent figures. In addition, all directional indications in this application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, bottom...) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement, etc. between the components under a specific posture (as shown in the figures). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly. Furthermore, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the application are for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0035] First embodiment

[0036] This embodiment provides a low-voltage backup power supply device for a domain controller. This device draws power from IGBT power devices via a motor controller driver board. The vehicle controller and motor controller control boards share a common main control chip, utilizing the high voltage of the motor's back electromotive force to power the vehicle control unit.

[0037] The device includes a domain control board, a motor controller driver board, a power device and a motor, wherein the power device can be an IGBT, a MOSFET, a transistor or other power device. The power device in this embodiment adopts an IGBT power device. The domain control board and the motor controller driver board interact at low voltage through connector 1. In the event of failure of the main power supply, the domain control board ensures the normal operation of the vehicle core control system by receiving a low-voltage backup power supply from the motor controller driver board. The motor controller driver board and the IGBT power device are directly connected by welding PIN pin 3, and the motor controller driver board is connected to the motor, using the IGBT power device to receive the high-voltage back electromotive force generated by the motor and convert it into a stable low-voltage DC power supply. In this process, no external wiring harness, plug or additional connector is required to draw power from the high-voltage power supply, which simplifies the system design.

[0038] The domain control board (DCB) is responsible for overall vehicle control, including driving, shifting, thermal management, and energy management. All functional modules share a common master control chip. Furthermore, the DCB not only controls the motor but also integrates the vehicle controller, providing low-voltage backup power to various control systems throughout the vehicle.

[0039] The motor controller driver board is the core of the motor drive system, integrating multiple functions such as IGBT drive, backup power supply, voltage sampling, and overcurrent protection. A backup power supply circuit 2 is added to the original high-voltage area of ​​the motor controller driver board. This circuit converts high-voltage DC power into stable low-voltage DC power, eliminating the need for additional high- and low-voltage isolation on the PCBA and reducing its size. Furthermore, the backup power is transmitted between the motor controller driver board and the domain control board via a low-voltage connector 1, eliminating the need for additional connectors.

[0040] The motor generates back electromotive force by cutting the magnetic field through its permanent magnet synchronous motor winding, providing sufficient electrical energy to support the operation of the backup power supply circuit 2. In this way, even if the battery or main power supply fails, the vehicle can continue to be powered. Moreover, the way the motor draws power from the back electromotive force is independent of whether the main relay is closed, which has better adaptability.

[0041] The power device receives the back EMF generated by the motor through the conduction characteristics of its emitter 5 and collector 4 (or the source and drain of a MOSFET) and transfers this energy to the backup power circuit 2. The backup power circuit 2 on the motor controller driver board converts the high-voltage DC power into a stable low-voltage DC power supply and transmits the power to the domain control board via connector 1. This low-voltage DC power then powers the various circuit modules on the domain control board, ensuring normal vehicle operation in the event of a main power failure.

[0042] When the vehicle is moving at speed, the permanent magnet synchronous motor windings cut through the magnetic field, generating back electromotive force (EMF), which in turn generates usable high-voltage electrical energy in the motor windings. Furthermore, leveraging the forward conduction characteristics of the IGBT power device or MOSFET body diode, this electrical energy is transferred via the IGBT's emitter 5 and collector 4 (the MOSFET's source and drain) to the backup power circuit 2 on the motor controller driver board. Furthermore, the backup power circuit 2 on the motor controller driver board converts the high-voltage DC power into a stable low-voltage DC power source. Furthermore, the low-voltage DC power generated by the backup power circuit 2 on the motor controller driver board is transferred to the domain control board via the connector 1 between the motor controller driver board and the domain control board. After entering the domain control board, the low-voltage DC power supplies power to the various circuit modules on the domain control board, ensuring normal operation of the domain control board and vehicle control in the event of a power outage.

[0043] Overall, this embodiment integrates the vehicle controller and motor controller into a co-chip on the domain controller, making it possible to draw power from the motor's back EMF. The generation of electrical energy from the motor's back EMF is decoupled from whether the vehicle is powered by high voltage (whether the main relay is engaged), thus covering a wider range of scenarios. Furthermore, generating electrical energy from the motor's back EMF eliminates the need for a new low-voltage backup battery. Furthermore, by integrating the backup power supply within the motor controller's driver board, complex high- and low-voltage isolation designs are avoided, and direct power is drawn from the motor's back EMF, eliminating the need for an additional low-voltage battery or external wiring harness. The power conversion and transmission process is simple and efficient, improving system reliability and stability while reducing system size and cost, addressing the high cost, bulk, and system complexity of existing backup power solutions. In this way, electric vehicles can continue to operate stably even if their normal power supply is lost, ensuring driving safety.

[0044] Second embodiment

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a power supply method, which utilizes the domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device described in the first embodiment, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] Step S1. When the vehicle has a speed, the motor generates back electromotive force and provides usable high-voltage electrical energy;

[0047] Step S2. The power device transmits the electrical energy to the backup power circuit of the motor controller driver board;

[0048] Step S3. The backup power supply circuit of the motor controller driver board converts the high-voltage DC power into a stable low-voltage DC power;

[0049] Step S4. The motor controller driver board transmits the low-voltage DC power generated on it to the domain control board through the connector and supplies power to each circuit module of the domain control board, so that the domain control board can work normally when the normal power supply is lost.

[0050] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. Based on the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical concept of this invention.

Claims

1. A low-voltage backup power supply device for a domain controller, characterized in that: include: A domain control board, a motor controller driver board, power devices, and a motor. The high-voltage area of ​​the motor controller driver board is provided with a backup power supply circuit. The domain control board integrates motor control functions and vehicle controller functions. The domain control board and the motor controller driver board interact at low voltage through a connector; the motor controller driver board is directly connected to the power device through PIN pin welding, and the motor controller driver board receives the high-voltage back electromotive force from the motor through the power device and converts it into a low-voltage DC power supply; When the vehicle has speed, the motor generates back electromotive force and usable high-voltage electric energy, and transmits the electric energy to the backup power supply circuit of the motor controller driver board through the power device. Furthermore, the backup power supply circuit of the motor controller driver board converts the high-voltage direct current into low-voltage direct current. At the same time, the motor controller driver board transmits the low-voltage direct current to the domain control board through the connector and supplies power to each circuit module of the domain control board, ensuring that the domain control board can operate normally when the normal power supply is lost.

2. The domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power device is an IGBT, a MOSFET or a triode.

3. The domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power device receives the back electromotive force generated by the motor and transmits electric energy through the conduction characteristics of the emitter and collector.

4. The domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The domain control board has the function of a vehicle controller and can provide low-voltage backup power to various control systems of the vehicle.

5. The domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor controller driver board obtains high voltage power through the PIN pins of the power device, without the need for additional connectors and wiring harnesses.

6. The domain controller low-voltage backup power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor controller driver board transmits backup power through a low-voltage connector connected to the domain control board.

7. A method for obtaining electricity, characterized in that: The low-voltage backup power supply device for a domain controller according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented, specifically comprising the following steps: Step S1. When the vehicle has a speed, the motor generates back electromotive force and provides usable high-voltage electrical energy; Step S2. The power device transmits the electrical energy to the backup power circuit of the motor controller driver board; Step S3. The backup power circuit of the motor controller driver board converts the high voltage DC power into low voltage DC power; Step S4. The motor controller driver board transmits the low-voltage DC power generated on it to the domain control board through the connector and supplies power to each circuit module of the domain control board, so that the domain control board can work normally when the normal power supply is lost.

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