Metamaterial energy absorption device based on periodic structure and rail vehicle

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a metamaterial energy absorption device based on a periodic structure and a railway vehicle, and the metamaterial energy absorption device comprises a metamaterial energy absorption structure which comprises a plurality of first cell element groups and a plurality of second cell element groups, and the first cell element groups and the second cell element groups are alternately arranged into an array and are arranged into a multi-layer structure in the energy absorption direction; a guide hole is formed in the metamaterial energy absorption structure, extends in the energy absorption direction and penetrates through the two ends of the metamaterial energy absorption structure. The anti-creeper is arranged at one end of the metamaterial energy absorption structure; the mounting seat is arranged at the other end of the metamaterial energy absorption structure and is used for being connected with a vehicle body; the guide rod is inserted into the guide hole; one end of the guide rod is connected with the anti-creeper, and the other end is connected with the mounting seat. According to the metamaterial energy absorption device and the railway vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention, each cell element group can sequentially crush and deform to absorb collision energy in sequence during collision, and the deformation process is orderly and controllable, so that the change of the collision force is relatively stable, and the problem that the vehicle body is seriously damaged due to sudden increase of the collision force is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to vehicle collision energy absorption technology, and in particular to a metamaterial energy absorption device based on a periodic structure and a rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Safety is the most important issue in rail vehicle operation. How to effectively dissipate the huge energy generated in a collision accident and minimize casualties and property losses is the top priority of traffic safety research. In the energy dissipation system, the coupler buffer device is equipped with an energy absorption structure as the main component for absorbing collision energy. Common energy absorption forms of energy absorption structures include bulging and tearing type, cutting type, crushing type, necking type, etc.

[0003] Metamaterial structure is a new type of thin-walled energy-absorbing structure, which is processed into a certain form of topological structure using polymer materials, metals and alloys. As a synthetic material, metamaterial structure has great advantages over natural materials in terms of negative Poisson's ratio, negative effective mass density, negative effective modulus and other parameters. It has better impact resistance, energy absorption capacity and vibration and noise reduction capabilities, and has great application prospects in the field of collision energy absorption.

[0004] Currently, some scientific research institutions and enterprises have launched some thin-walled energy-absorbing structures, which use the crushing plastic deformation of the energy-absorbing structures to absorb the energy of vehicle collision. However, research has found that the energy absorption efficiency of existing energy-absorbing structures is low and does not meet the design requirements. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve one of the above-mentioned technical defects, a metamaterial energy absorption device and a rail vehicle based on a periodic structure are provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a metamaterial energy absorption device based on a periodic structure is provided, comprising:

[0007] A metamaterial energy absorption structure comprises a plurality of first cell groups and a plurality of second cell groups, wherein the first cell groups and the second cell groups are alternately arranged in an array and periodically arranged in a multi-layer structure along an energy absorption direction; a guide hole is provided inside the metamaterial energy absorption structure, wherein the guide hole extends along the energy absorption direction and passes through both ends of the metamaterial energy absorption structure;

[0008] An anti-climbing device is arranged at one end of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure;

[0009] A mounting seat, disposed at the other end of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure, for connecting to the vehicle body;

[0010] A guide rod is inserted into the guide hole; one end of the guide rod is connected to the anti-climbing device, and the other end is connected to the mounting seat.

[0011] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a rail vehicle, comprising: the metamaterial energy absorption device based on a periodic structure as described above.

[0012] The technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts a metamaterial energy absorption structure, including multiple first cell groups and multiple second cell groups, the first cell groups and the second cell groups are alternately arranged in an array and periodically arranged into a multi-layer structure along the energy absorption direction; a guide hole is provided inside the metamaterial energy absorption structure, the guide hole extends along the energy absorption direction and passes through both ends of the metamaterial energy absorption structure; an anti-climbing device is arranged at one end of the metamaterial energy absorption structure; a mounting seat is arranged at the other end of the metamaterial energy absorption structure for connecting to a vehicle body; a guide rod is inserted into the guide hole; one end of the guide rod is connected to the anti-climbing device, and the other end is connected to the mounting seat. Each cell group can be crushed and deformed in sequence to absorb collision energy during a collision, and the deformation process is orderly and controllable, so that the impact force changes relatively smoothly, thereby avoiding the problem of a sudden increase in impact force causing serious damage to the vehicle body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a metamaterial energy absorption device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 2 A front view of the metamaterial energy absorption device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 3 A left view or a right view of the metamaterial energy absorbing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the assembly of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure and the guide rod in the metamaterial energy absorbing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 5 A top view of the assembly of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure and the guide rod in the metamaterial energy absorbing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 6 A top view of a metamaterial energy absorbing structure in a metamaterial energy absorbing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of two layers of cells in the metamaterial energy absorption device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 8Another schematic diagram of the structure of two layers of cells in the metamaterial energy absorption device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Fig. 9 A top view of two layers of cells in a metamaterial energy absorption device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Fig.10 Another top view of two layers of cells in the metamaterial energy absorption device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Reference numerals:

[0025] 1-metamaterial energy absorption structure; 11-first cell group; 12-second cell group; 13-guide hole; 14-cell sheet; 141-center hole; 15-cell block; 151-through hole; 16-sandwich layer; 17-cladding layer; 171-induction groove;

[0026] 2-Anti-climbing device;

[0027] 3-Mounting seat;

[0028] 4-Guide rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present application more clearly understood, the exemplary embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than an exhaustive list of all the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0030] This embodiment provides a metamaterial energy absorption device based on a periodic structure, which can be applied to rail vehicles and is specifically arranged at the front end of a rail vehicle driver's cab to absorb collision energy when a collision occurs at the front end of the vehicle.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the metamaterial energy absorption device based on periodic structure provided in this embodiment includes: a metamaterial energy absorption structure 1, an anti-climber 2, a mounting seat 3, and a guide rod 4.

[0032] The anti-climbing device 2 is arranged at one end of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1, and anti-climbing teeth are arranged on the anti-climbing device 2. When two vehicles collide head-on, the anti-climbing teeth of the two vehicles bite each other to prevent one vehicle from crushing the other vehicle.

[0033] The mounting seat 3 is arranged at the other end of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1 and is used to be mounted to the front end of the vehicle body. When the front end of the vehicle collides, the impact force is transmitted along the anti-climbing device 2, the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1 to the mounting seat 3, which is also the energy absorption direction.

[0034] The metamaterial energy absorption structure 1 includes a plurality of first cell groups 11 and a plurality of second cell groups 12. The first cell groups 11 and the second cell groups 12 are alternately arranged in an array and periodically arranged in a multi-layer structure along the energy absorption direction to form a rectangular parallelepiped. The height direction of the rectangular parallelepiped ( Figure 4 The Z direction in the figure is the energy absorption direction, and the length direction and width direction are respectively the X direction and the Y direction. When applied to a rail vehicle, the length direction of the rail vehicle is the longitudinal direction, the width direction is the transverse direction, and the height direction is the vertical direction. The metamaterial energy absorption structure 1 is installed on the rail vehicle, the Z direction is arranged along the longitudinal direction, and the X direction and the Y direction are arranged along the transverse direction and the vertical direction, respectively.

[0035] A guide hole 13 is provided inside the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1. The guide hole 13 extends along the energy absorbing direction and passes through both ends of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1. A guide rod 4 is inserted into the guide hole. One end of the guide rod 4 is connected to the anti-climbing device 2, and the other end is connected to the mounting seat 4. During the collision, the guide rod 4 moves backward to constrain the lateral and vertical displacements of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure, ensuring that the metamaterial energy absorbing structure is crushed and deformed along the longitudinal direction to absorb the collision energy.

[0036] During the collision, the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 are crushed and deformed in sequence along the longitudinal direction. The multiple first cell groups 11 and the second cell groups 12 disperse the impact force evenly, reduce local stress concentration, gradually absorb the collision energy, form an orderly and controllable deformation, make the impact force curve smoother, and reduce the peak crushing force.

[0037] The technical solution provided in this embodiment adopts a metamaterial energy absorption structure, including multiple first cell groups and multiple second cell groups, the first cell groups and the second cell groups are alternately arranged in an array and periodically arranged in a multi-layer structure along the energy absorption direction; a guide hole is provided inside the metamaterial energy absorption structure, the guide hole extends along the energy absorption direction and passes through both ends of the metamaterial energy absorption structure; an anti-climber is arranged at one end of the metamaterial energy absorption structure; a mounting seat is arranged at the other end of the metamaterial energy absorption structure for connecting to a vehicle body; a guide rod is inserted into the guide hole; one end of the guide rod is connected to the anti-climber, and the other end is connected to the mounting seat. Each cell group can be crushed and deformed in sequence to absorb collision energy during a collision, and the deformation process is orderly and controllable, so that the impact force changes relatively smoothly, thereby avoiding the problem of a sudden increase in impact force causing serious damage to the vehicle body.

[0038] In the above solution, the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 are alternately arranged in an array and periodically arranged in a multi-layer structure along the energy absorption direction, for example Figures 4 to 10As shown, in a layer of structure, the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 of each row are arranged alternately, and the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 of each column are also arranged alternately. This scheme can stagger the deformations of the cell groups in a layer, avoid large deformations of the cell groups in the lateral or vertical directions, neutralize the force fluctuations caused by plastic hinge buckling, and effectively smooth the impact force curve.

[0039] Furthermore, each first cell group 11 is continuously and periodically arranged along the energy absorption direction, and each second cell group 12 is continuously and periodically arranged along the energy absorption direction, so that the cell groups can be continuously crushed and deformed in the energy absorption direction.

[0040] Based on the above solution, this embodiment provides an implementation of a first cell group 11:

[0041] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the first cell group 11 includes: a cell sheet 14 and two cell blocks 15. A central hole 141 is provided in the middle of the cell sheet 14. The central hole 141 can be a circular hole, a rectangular hole or other shapes.

[0042] A through hole 151 is provided in the middle of the cell block 15, one end of the cell block 15 along the extension direction of the through hole 151 is used as the first end, and the other end is used as the second end, and the opening size of the first end is smaller than the opening size of the second end. The opening of the first end can be circular, rectangular or other shapes; the opening of the second end can be circular, rectangular or other shapes.

[0043] The second ends of the two cell blocks 15 are butted. The first end of one cell block 15 is connected to the cell sheet 14, and the first end of the other cell block 15 is connected to the cell sheet 14 in the adjacent first cell group 11. The through hole 151 of the cell block 15 is connected to the central hole 141 of the cell sheet 14. Along the energy absorption direction, the through holes corresponding to each first cell group 11 are connected to the central hole to form a cavity structure, which provides a deformation space for crushing energy absorption.

[0044] A specific implementation: the central hole 141 on the cell sheet 4 is a rectangular hole, specifically a square hole. The shape and size of the opening at the first end of the cell block 15 are the same as the central hole, so that the first end of the cell block 15 is connected to the central hole 141.

[0045] The second end opening of the cell block 15 is rectangular, specifically a square, and the second ends of the two cell blocks 15 are butted, specifically, the side lengths are butted.

[0046] In this embodiment, the cell block 15 is in the shape of a prism, specifically a quadrangular prism. The upper bottom end of the quadrangular prism is connected to the cell sheet 14 as a first end, and the lower bottom end of the quadrangular prism is connected to another cell block 15 as a second end.

[0047] Based on the above technical solution, this embodiment provides an implementation of a second cell group 12:

[0048] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the second cell group 12 includes: a cell sheet 14 and two cell blocks 15. A central hole 141 is provided in the middle of the cell sheet 14. The central hole 141 can be a circular hole, a rectangular hole or other shapes.

[0049] A through hole 151 is provided in the middle of the cell block 15, one end of the cell block 15 along the extension direction of the through hole 151 is used as the first end, and the other end is used as the second end, and the opening size of the first end is smaller than the opening size of the second end. The opening of the first end can be circular, rectangular or other shapes; the opening of the second end can be circular, rectangular or other shapes.

[0050] The cell sheet 14 is connected between the first ends of the two cell blocks 15, and the second end of the cell block 15 is used to dock with the second end of the cell block 15 in the adjacent second cell group 12. The through hole 151 of the cell block 15 is connected to the central hole 141 of the cell sheet 14. Along the energy absorption direction, the through holes corresponding to each second cell group 12 are connected to the central hole to form a cavity structure, which provides a deformation space for crushing energy absorption.

[0051] A specific implementation: the central hole 141 on the cell sheet 4 is a rectangular hole, specifically a square hole. The shape and size of the opening at the first end of the cell block 15 are the same as the central hole, so that the first end of the cell block 15 is connected to the central hole 141.

[0052] The second end opening of the cell block 15 is rectangular, specifically a square, and the second ends of the two cell blocks 15 are butted, specifically, the side lengths are butted.

[0053] In this embodiment, the cell block 15 is in the shape of a prism, specifically a quadrangular prism. The upper bottom end of the quadrangular prism is connected to the cell sheet 14 as a first end, and the lower bottom end of the quadrangular prism is connected to another cell block 15 as a second end.

[0054] Based on the above solution, the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 are staggered up and down, and the interlayer 16 formed between the cell block 15 and the cell sheet 14 provides space for the deformation of the cell block 15, thereby reducing the lateral or vertical displacement of the cell group.

[0055] The cell block 15 is a thin-walled structure, and its thickness can be 0.8mm-1.3mm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the cell block 15 is set to 1mm, which has a certain strength and can play a greater role in energy absorption during the collision. The cell sheet 14 and the cell block 15 in the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 can be made of aluminum alloy materials, or other metal materials, and can be formed by 3D printing technology, have a certain strength, and have good deformation ability.

[0056] On the basis of the above technical solution, the cross section of the guide hole 13 is set to be an I-shaped, and the cross section of the guide rod 4 is an I-shaped, which is correspondingly inserted into the guide hole 13. Each first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 are arranged around the periphery of the guide rod 4. The guide rod 4 can be made of metal material with high strength and rigidity. During the impact process, the guide rod 4 slides backward in the longitudinal direction, thereby constraining the lateral and vertical displacement of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure, ensuring that the metamaterial energy absorbing structure is axially crushed under the impact load, and at the same time improving the anti-instability performance of the multi-cell tube metamaterial energy absorbing structure and enhancing its anti-climbing performance.

[0057] The guide rod 4 can also be welded to the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1. One end of the guide rod 4 is connected to the anti-climbing device 2 by bolts, and the other end of the guide rod 4 is connected to the mounting base 3 by bolts.

[0058] In this embodiment, the metamaterial energy absorption structure 1 may have a height h of 520 mm, a length L of 280 mm, and a width D of 240 mm. The width D1 of the first cell group 11 is 20 mm, and the width of the second cell group 12 is 20 mm.

[0059] On the basis of the above technical solution, a coating layer 17 is further used, which is arranged around the side periphery of the metamaterial energy absorption structure, specifically around the side periphery of the rectangular parallelepiped structure formed by the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12, so that the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 are assembled as a whole, and on the other hand, the first cell group 11 and the second cell group 12 can be protected to prevent external dust, debris, water vapor, etc. from entering. The coating layer 17 can also be formed into a thin wall using aluminum alloy material.

[0060] Furthermore, the end of the coating layer 17 near the anti-climber 2 is inwardly recessed to form an induction groove 171. The induction groove 171 is located on the side of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1 and extends in the circumferential direction. It can guide the deformation during the collision process, so that the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1 can be deformed and absorbed along the longitudinal direction. When the anti-climber 2 is impacted, the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1 begins to be deformed layer by layer from the end near the anti-climber 2 under the action of the induction groove 171, and the guide rod 4 can greatly improve the anti-instability performance of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure. The compression rate of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure of the above scheme can reach more than 70%, which has a good energy absorption effect.

[0061] The guiding grooves 171 are arranged along the circumference of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure and on the four sides of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure to guide the metamaterial energy absorbing structure 1 in all directions.

[0062] Furthermore, the bottom wall of the induction groove 171 is a plane, the side wall is a plane, and there is an obtuse angle between the side wall and the bottom wall, which can avoid stress concentration.

[0063] In the above scheme, the metamaterial energy absorption structure 1 adopts a porous periodic structure, which makes the deformation stable and controllable, has high energy absorption efficiency and a long effective stroke. It is made of aluminum alloy material, has a light weight, has good energy absorption capacity, and has strong anti-instability ability, and the crushing force is stable without obvious peak.

[0064] Compared with ordinary energy-absorbing structures, the above-mentioned metamaterial energy-absorbing structure is relatively simple, easy to produce and process, and is formed by metal 3D printing. This type of structure has better lightweight, impact resistance and energy absorption capacity. In terms of dynamic response, the structure has a low initial peak force and a smooth energy absorption curve. And through the interlayer design of geometric parameters and different topological arrangements, the energy absorption effect is greatly improved. The structure has the advantages of thin thickness and small volume. While maintaining efficient energy absorption performance, it minimizes the physical size as much as possible, which is particularly important for application scenarios that require compact design.

[0065] Based on the above technical solutions, this embodiment further provides a rail vehicle, including: the metamaterial energy absorption device based on periodic structure provided by any of the above contents. The rail vehicle provided by this embodiment has the same technical effect as the above metamaterial energy absorption device based on periodic structure.

[0066] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0067] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0068] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or can communicate with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0069] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0070] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A metamaterial energy absorption device based on a periodic structure, characterized in that: include: A metamaterial energy absorption structure comprises a plurality of first cell groups and a plurality of second cell groups, wherein the first cell groups and the second cell groups are alternately arranged in an array and periodically arranged in a multi-layer structure along an energy absorption direction; a guide hole is provided inside the metamaterial energy absorption structure, wherein the guide hole extends along the energy absorption direction and passes through both ends of the metamaterial energy absorption structure; An anti-climbing device is arranged at one end of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure; A mounting seat, disposed at the other end of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure, for connecting to the vehicle body; A guide rod is inserted into the guide hole; one end of the guide rod is connected to the anti-climbing device, and the other end is connected to the mounting seat.

2. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In a one-layer structure, the first cell group and the second cell group in each row are arranged alternately, and the first cell group and the second cell group in each column are also arranged alternately.

3. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first cell groups are continuously arranged in a periodic manner along the energy absorption direction, and the second cell groups are continuously arranged in a periodic manner along the energy absorption direction.

4. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first cell group includes: a cell slice and two cell blocks; A central hole is provided in the middle of the cell sheet; A through hole is provided in the middle of the cell block; one end of the cell block along the extension direction of the through hole serves as the first end, and the other end serves as the second end; the opening size of the first end is smaller than the opening size of the second end; the second ends of the two cell blocks are butted, the first end of one cell block is connected to the cell sheet, and the first end of the other cell block is connected to the cell sheet in the adjacent first cell group; the through hole of the cell block is connected to the central hole of the cell sheet.

5. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second cell group includes: a cell slice and two cell blocks; A central hole is provided in the middle of the cell sheet; A through hole is provided in the middle of the cell block; one end of the cell block along the extension direction of the through hole serves as the first end, and the other end serves as the second end; the opening size of the first end is smaller than the opening size of the second end; the cell sheet is connected between the first ends of the two cell blocks; the second end of the cell block is used to dock with the second end of the cell block in the adjacent second cell group; the through hole of the cell block is connected to the central hole of the cell sheet.

6. The metamaterial energy absorbing device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The central hole of the cell sheet is a rectangular hole; The opening at the first end of the cell block is rectangular, and the opening at the second end is also rectangular.

7. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cell block is a thin-walled structure that is shaped like a quadrangular pyramid.

8. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the cell block is 0.8mm-1.3mm.

9. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the guide hole is in an I-shape, and the cross section of the guide rod is in an I-shape; each of the first cell group and the second cell group is arranged around the outer periphery of the guide rod.

10. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cell group and the second cell group are made of aluminum alloy material.

11. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The covering layer is arranged around the outer periphery of the side of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure; the end of the covering layer close to the anti-climber is concave inward to form an induction groove.

12. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The induction grooves are arranged along the circumference of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure and are arranged on four sides of the metamaterial energy absorbing structure.

13. The metamaterial energy absorption device according to claim 12, characterized in that: An obtuse angle is formed between the side wall and the bottom wall of the induction groove.

14. A rail vehicle, characterized in that: include: A metamaterial energy absorption device based on a periodic structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 13.

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