Positioning method of balcony support beams on large cruise ships

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for positioning support beams for large cruise ship balconies, comprising: manufacturing a grid-like, large-scale steel platform cradle in sections, strictly controlling the cradle level and performing sheet leveling; back-burning and straightening the outer panels; marking T-beam installation lines and installing them, checking the structural level, and welding them after they are qualified and fixed; marking installation lines on the panel and installing the support beams; and inspecting the support beams after installation. The present invention is simple to operate, improves support beam installation accuracy and efficiency, reduces repeated corrections due to installation errors, and reduces the amount of corrections required during the overall assembly process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, and in particular to a method for positioning a balcony support beam of a large cruise ship. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of large cruise ships, exterior balconies are designed as standard components for overall planning and cost-effectiveness. This means that each balcony adheres to uniform standards for length, width, and height, material specifications, and overall structural layout. This standardized manufacturing approach offers significant advantages. From a production perspective, it allows for large-scale mass production using modern production lines. During installation, the dimensional consistency of the standard components allows for quick assembly, like fitting together a puzzle.

[0003] Cruise ship balconies are often constructed of glass, primarily to provide passengers with unobstructed views and create a transparent, aesthetically pleasing spatial experience. However, the inherent properties of glass make it extremely difficult to modify the structure after it is formed.

[0004] Glass is brittle and hard. Unlike metal, which can be reshaped through welding and forging, once cut and shaped, if the dimensions of glass are incorrect, it is difficult to adjust through conventional machining methods. For example, if the glass is slightly oversized after cutting, the excess cannot be removed by grinding like metal sheets; if the glass is undersized, it cannot be supplemented by welding. Even if specialized processes are used to reprocess the glass, it is not only costly but may also affect the optical properties and structural strength of the glass.

[0005] This requires extremely high precision throughout the entire balcony construction process, from raw material procurement and component manufacturing to each assembly step and final installation. Deviations in any step could prevent the glass from being installed or affect the overall aesthetics and safety.

[0006] During the cruise ship construction process, balcony support beams were installed individually during the segmented construction phase. This decision was based on the complex process of cruise ship construction. Due to the ship's large size, the construction process was divided into multiple segments. Each segment could be operated simultaneously in different work areas, like multiple parallel production lines, greatly improving overall construction efficiency.

[0007] Installing support beams in sections allows for detailed adjustments to the installation position and angle of each beam. For example, high-precision measuring instruments are used to precisely locate each support beam at a specific location within the section, ensuring that its installation angle meets design requirements. However, this also places extremely stringent demands on the installation accuracy of the support beams. This is because even the slightest installation error during the sectioning phase, such as a 1-2 mm offset in the support beam position, will accumulate and amplify as the sections are subsequently assembled. This can ultimately lead to serious positional deviations during balcony installation, preventing the balcony from accurately aligning with the support beams, impacting the overall installation progress and quality.

[0008] Because the balcony design utilizes standard components and the glass structure is difficult to modify, precise segmentation control becomes crucial to ensure a smooth installation. During the segmented construction phase, the balcony support beams, as the key supporting components of the balcony installation, require critical installation accuracy.

[0009] Even the slightest error, such as a support beam misalignment outside the allowable range, can cause the balcony to misalign with the support beams of adjacent sections during assembly, preventing the glass from fitting properly into the frame. An inaccurate angle can cause the entire balcony to tilt, not only affecting aesthetics but also potentially creating safety hazards like rainwater seepage. Once these issues arise, adjusting and repairing them during the assembly phase consumes significant manpower and material resources. Not only does this require additional rework, but it may also necessitate the re-customization of related parts, significantly delaying the project. Furthermore, repeated corrections can damage the completed structure, impacting the quality and safety of the entire cruise ship balcony area. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for positioning support beams for large cruise ship balconies, thereby improving the installation accuracy and efficiency of support beams, reducing repeated corrections caused by installation errors, and reducing the amount of corrections during the overall assembly process.

[0011] The technical solution to achieve the above purpose is:

[0012] A method for positioning a balcony support beam of a large cruise ship, comprising:

[0013] Step S1, making a steel platform frame in sections and leveling the sheet;

[0014] Step S2, outer plate back-burning and correction;

[0015] Step S3, T-beam installation inspection and welding operation;

[0016] Step S4, marking installation lines on the panel and installing the support beams;

[0017] Step S5: inspect the support beam after installation.

[0018] Preferably, the tire frame level of the steel platform tire frame in step S1 must be strictly controlled within ±2 mm.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, before back-burning the outer plate, a back-burning position line is drawn on the reverse side of the outer plate, and the reverse sides of all longitudinal bones are back-burned.

[0020] Preferably, the correction in step S2 refers to: checking the flatness of the outer plate, and correcting the reinforcement ribs at positions where the flatness exceeds the standard by back-burning.

[0021] Preferably, in step S3, before installing the T-beam, the installation line is marked with the segment head reference line, and the marking spacing is strictly controlled to be within ±1mm, and the verticality and straightness are within ±3mm.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, a level meter or a total station is used to check the level of the structure before welding, and welding is performed after the structure is qualified and fixed.

[0023] Preferably, marking the installation lines in step S4 includes: marking the lines in the fore and aft directions of the balcony support beam installation with the bow T-beam as a reference, marking the installation lines on the panel in sequence, and checking the spacing.

[0024] Preferably, the post-installation inspection in step S5 includes: after the support beams are installed, checking the distance between the roots and ends of adjacent support beams.

[0025] Preferably, the checking of the spacing between the roots and ends of adjacent support beams refers to checking in the width direction and the height direction by using a wire drawing method.

[0026] Preferably, the post-installation inspection in step S5 further includes: performing an overall wire-drawing inspection on the fore and stern directions and the height direction of the balcony support beam according to the bow datum and the upper mouth datum.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by adopting a grid-like, large-scale steel platform cradle of specific specifications, strictly controlling its horizontality, and performing a series of operations such as sheet leveling, outer plate back-burning, precise marking of T-beams and balcony support beams, installation, and inspection, the present invention not only improves the installation accuracy and pass rate of the support during segmented assembly, reduces repeated corrections due to installation errors, but also significantly reduces the correction rate during the overall assembly process. This method has the advantages of simple operation and accurate reference data. While improving support installation accuracy, it greatly reduces the subsequent overall assembly correction workload, providing a strong guarantee for the efficient and high-quality construction of balcony areas in large cruise ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for positioning the balcony support beams of a large cruise ship according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of checking the deviation of the stainless steel panel in step S5 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of using a template to locate the upper and lower angles of a single support beam in step S5 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall wire-drawing inspection of the balcony support beams in step S5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] See also Figure 1 The method for positioning the balcony support beams of a large cruise ship of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step S1: Fabricate a steel platform jig in sections and level the sheet. During the sectioning process, a large, grid-like steel platform jig with dimensions of 800mm x 800mm is used to provide sufficient stability and operating space for the subsequent installation of the sheet and its components. The jig's horizontal accuracy must be strictly controlled to within ±2mm. This is the foundation for all subsequent operations. Only by ensuring the jig's high accuracy can the components subsequently assembled on it be accurately positioned, avoiding component position deviations caused by an uneven jig and ensuring the quality of the entire section.

[0035] After the sheet is placed on the frame, it is necessary to perform another leveling operation to ensure that the sheet is level within the ±5mm requirement, as it may have been deformed to a certain extent by external forces during the initial processing and transportation. This compensates for the deformation that may have occurred during transportation and placement, ensuring that the sheet itself is in a well-leveled state, laying the foundation for subsequent processes such as outer panel installation, and preventing the impact of uneven sheet levels on subsequent construction accuracy and quality.

[0036] Step S2, back-burning and correction of outer plates. Before performing the back-burning operation, according to the process requirements, use professional marking tools, such as a laser marking instrument or an ink fountain with a steel ruler, to accurately mark the back-burning position line on the back of the outer plate. The laser marking instrument projects precise lines through a laser beam, which can ensure the accuracy and clarity of the marking. During the marking process, strictly follow the positions marked on the process drawings to make it clear that the back of all longitudinal bones need to be back-burned. Back-burning is a thermal processing process that deforms the plate through local heating to achieve the purpose of eliminating stress or adjusting the shape, and to prevent deformation or cracking due to stress concentration in subsequent use.

[0037] After the back-burning operation is completed, in order to ensure that the flatness of the outer plate meets the quality standards, professional flatness detection equipment such as a 3D laser scanner or a straightedge with a feeler gauge is required for inspection. The 3D laser scanner can quickly and comprehensively obtain the 3D data of the outer plate surface, and accurately detect the location where the flatness exceeds the standard by comparing it with the standard model. Once a location where the flatness exceeds the standard is found, the reinforcement at that location needs to be back-burned again for correction. During the correction process, the heating temperature, time and heating area are precisely controlled, and the deformation of the reinforcement is closely observed during the heating process until the flatness of the outer plate meets the requirements. Ensure that the flatness of the outer plate meets the quality standards and improve the quality and performance of the outer plate;

[0038] Step S3, T-beam installation inspection, and welding operations. The starting basis is the segment head baseline, which is the key reference for the installation and positioning of the entire T-beam. Construction personnel use high-precision marking instruments, such as CNC marking machines or total stations in conjunction with marking tools, to accurately mark the installation line of the T-beam. During the marking process, the total station is used to measure the distance and angle relationship between the segment head baseline and the position to be marked, and the data is transmitted to the CNC marking machine, which accurately marks the installation line according to the preset program. At the same time, use high-precision measuring tools, such as calipers, squares, etc., to strictly control the marking spacing within ±1mm to ensure that the distance between adjacent installation lines is accurate. Use a square to check the verticality of the marking, and use tools such as a laser plumb bob or a plumb bob to ensure that the straightness of the marking meets the ±3mm requirement. This is crucial to ensuring the position accuracy of the T-beam after installation, because the T-beam is an important load-bearing component in the ship structure, and the accuracy of its installation position is directly related to whether other components connected to it, such as decks and side panels, can be installed correctly, as well as the load-bearing performance and stability of the entire structure.

[0039] During T-beam installation, the prefabricated T-beam is lifted to the installation location using a crane. Construction workers then use positioning fixtures and measuring tools, such as jacks, wedges, and levels, to precisely adjust the T-beam to the marked position and ensure its verticality and horizontality. After installation, the structure is leveled using a high-precision level or total station. The level measures the angle between the top surface of the T-beam and a horizontal reference plane to calculate its horizontal deviation. The total station calculates its horizontality by measuring the spatial coordinates of multiple characteristic points on the T-beam. Only when the structure meets the ±4mm level requirement can specialized fixtures, such as bolt clamps and welding fixtures, be used to secure the T-beam to prevent displacement during welding. Welding then begins. During welding, thermal stress generated by welding can cause deformation in the structure. Therefore, ensuring the structure meets the required level before welding can effectively minimize the impact of welding deformation. During welding, by reasonably selecting welding process parameters such as welding current, voltage, welding speed, welding sequence, etc., and adopting appropriate anti-deformation measures such as rigid fixation method and anti-deformation method, welding deformation can be further controlled to ensure the quality and accuracy of T-beam after installation and reduce the impact of welding deformation;

[0040] Step S4, mark the installation lines on the panel and install the support beam. The marking lines in the bow and stern directions (X value) are based on the bow T-beam. Starting from the specific reference point on the bow T-beam, the installation lines are marked in sequence along the panel of the balcony support beam. During the marking process, a caliper is used to accurately measure the distance between each line and the previous line to ensure that the spacing between each installation line is accurate and meets the design requirements, providing an accurate support structure for the balcony installation. For example, through multiple measurements and calibrations, the spacing error between adjacent installation lines is controlled within a very small range, and the spacing deviation is generally required to not exceed ±1mm.

[0041] Positioning in the width direction (Y value) is done according to the dimensions given in the drawings. The positioning mold is a special tooling prefabricated according to the design dimensions. By matching and installing the support beam with the positioning mold, the width position of the support beam can be quickly and accurately determined. In particular, the dimensional deviation from the stainless steel panel at the end of the support beam to the outer plate must be controlled to maintain a range of ±5mm. Use a high-precision distance meter, such as a laser rangefinder, to measure the distance between the stainless steel panel at the end of the support beam and the outer plate. Compare this with the design dimensions to ensure the consistency of the width direction of the support beams on the same deck, ensuring the aesthetic installation and structural stability of the balcony.

[0042] Using the deck above the vertical (Z-value) marking as a reference, use a level and a steel ruler to mark the support beam installation lines in the vertical direction according to the drawing dimensions, ensuring that the installation spacing deviation is controlled within ±1mm. For example, first set a fixed level point on the deck, set up the level in a suitable position, and by looking back at the level point and forward at the location to be marked, read the height difference data. Calculate the marking position based on the height difference and the design dimensions, and use a marking pen or other marking tool to accurately mark the safety line.

[0043] A pre-made template is used to determine the upper and lower angles of a single support beam. The template is a standard angle component precisely manufactured according to design requirements. Construction personnel compare the template with the support beam and adjust the angle of the support beam to make it fit the template perfectly, thus determining the correct installation angle of the support beam and installing it;

[0044] Step S5: Check the support beams after installation. After the support beams are installed, check the distance between the roots and ends of adjacent support beams in the bow and stern directions to ensure that the installation positions are correct. Figure 2 In the width direction (Y value), the wire drawing method is used to check the deviation of the stainless steel panels of the support beams on the same deck to ensure the consistency of the support beams in the width direction. Figure 3 In the height direction (Z value), a template is used to determine the upper and lower angles of a single support beam. After installation, the support beams on the same deck are checked using the same method of pulling lines to ensure that all support beams meet the design requirements in terms of height direction and angle.

[0045] refer to Figure 4 , according to the bow datum and top datum, the balcony support beam is checked for overall bow and stern direction (X value) and height direction (Z value). If any deviation is found in the size, it must be adjusted on site to achieve the correct position to ensure the accuracy of the balcony support beam installation.

[0046] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the present invention and should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for positioning support beams for large cruise ship balconies, characterized in that: include: Step S1: Make the steel platform frame in sections and perform sheet leveling: The steel platform frame is a large steel platform frame with a grid size of 800mm×800mm. The frame level of the steel platform frame is controlled within ±2mm; Step S2, outer plate back burning and correction: Before back-burning the shell plating, the back-burning position line should be marked on the back of the shell plating, and all longitudinals should be back-burned on the back. Correction means: checking the flatness of the shell plating and correcting the back-burning of the reinforcements at the position where the flatness exceeds the standard; Step S3: Install and inspect the T-beam and perform welding operations: Before installing the T-beam, mark the installation line with the reference line of the segment head. The deviation of the marking spacing should be within ±1mm, and the verticality and straightness should be within ±3mm. Before welding, use a spirit level or total station to check the level of the T-beam. When the level of the T-beam does not exceed ±4mm, fix and weld the T-beam. Step S4: Mark the installation lines on the panel and install the support beams: In the bow and stern directions, using the bow T-beam as the bow reference, mark the installation lines on the panel one by one and check the spacing. The spacing deviation should not exceed ±1mm. In the width direction, the dimensional deviation of the stainless steel panel at the end of the support beam to the outer plate should be controlled within ±5mm. In the height direction, the deck above the mark is used as the upper reference. Use a level and steel ruler to mark the installation lines of the support beam in the height direction one by one, and the installation spacing deviation should be controlled within ±1mm. Use a pre-made template to determine the upper and lower angles of a single support beam. Step S5, check the support beam after installation: After the support beams are installed, check the distance between the roots and ends of adjacent support beams, specifically by using a wire drawing method to check the width and height directions; According to the bow datum and upper mouth datum, the support beam is inspected by overall wire drawing in the bow, stern and height directions.

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