Independent floating solar seawater desalination device based on interface evaporation

Abstract

The invention discloses an independent floating solar seawater desalination device based on interface evaporation, and belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination devices.The independent floating solar seawater desalination device comprises a plurality of seawater desalination device bodies, the seawater desalination device bodies are communicated with a reservoir through fresh water outlet pipes, and each seawater desalination device body comprises an evaporation body bottom support; a solar evaporation body is arranged in the evaporation body bottom support, a fresh water collection area is fixedly connected and communicated outside the evaporation body bottom support, a light-transmitting condensation cover is arranged at the top of the fresh water collection area, a water outlet is formed in one side of the fresh water collection area, the water outlet is communicated with a fresh water outlet pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged outside the water outlet. The large-scale array type seawater desalination device can independently float on the sea surface for solar interface seawater evaporation, seawater supplementation is not needed, the process of transporting seawater to the land is omitted, and the large-scale array type seawater desalination device greatly improves the production efficiency of solar seawater desalination; the purpose that automatic industrial application and high-productivity operation cannot be carried out on seawater desalination in the current seawater desalination field is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination devices, and in particular relates to an independent floating solar seawater desalination device based on interface evaporation. Background Art

[0002] Desalination technology is one of the effective ways to solve the global freshwater crisis. However, traditional desalination technologies (such as reverse osmosis, membrane and distillation) can cause environmental pollution and high energy consumption. Therefore, while solving the problem of freshwater shortage, we must turn our attention to clean energy. In recent years, solar distillation technology driven by solar energy has attracted more and more attention due to its freshwater production without carbon dioxide emissions and its clean and energy-saving characteristics. Solar distillation is the earliest solar desalination method. The basic principle is to use the radiation energy of the sun to directly heat seawater for evaporation and desalination. However, the total heat capacity of the traditional disc solar distillation device is too large, the operating temperature is low, the evaporation efficiency is low, and the water production is not high. Compared with traditional desalination technology, solar interface evaporation technology has simple equipment, low price, and does not require the consumption of fossil energy. It is green and environmentally friendly. In recent years, it has been considered as one of the most promising technologies to replace traditional desalination technology. Most of the current seawater desalination methods require the use of water pumps and other water intake mechanisms to pump seawater into the desalination tank, and then use sunlight to desalinate the seawater. The process of pumping seawater into the desalination tank consumes a large amount of electricity, resulting in the desalination process being not energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an independent floating solar seawater desalination device based on interface evaporation to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following scheme: The present invention provides an independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation, comprising a plurality of desalination device bodies, wherein the desalination device bodies are connected to a water storage tank through a fresh water outlet pipe, and the desalination device bodies comprise an evaporator base, wherein a solar evaporator is arranged inside the evaporator base, and a fresh water collection area is fixedly connected to and connected to the outside of the evaporator base, wherein a light-transmitting condensation cover is arranged on the top of the fresh water collection area, and a water outlet is arranged on one side of the fresh water collection area, wherein the water outlet is connected to the fresh water outlet pipe, an electromagnetic valve is arranged outside the water outlet, and a sensor is arranged inside the fresh water collection area.

[0005] Preferably, an annular groove is provided on the top surface of the fresh water collection area, the bottom of the light-transmitting condensation cover is located in the annular groove, a plurality of annular groove through holes are evenly spaced in the annular groove, and the annular groove through holes are connected to the fresh water collection area.

[0006] Preferably, the solar evaporator is an aerogel structure with low mass density, high porosity, large specific surface area and low thermal conductivity.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of first connecting plates are fixedly connected at equal intervals in the circumferential direction to the outer top of the evaporator base support, and first connecting plate through holes are provided on the first connecting plates. A plurality of second connecting plates are fixedly connected at equal intervals in the axial direction in the fresh water collection area, and second connecting plate through holes are provided on the second connecting plates. The first connecting plate through holes and the second connecting plate through holes located at the same vertical position are connected by bolts and nuts.

[0008] Preferably, a porous water-absorbing substrate is provided in the bottom support of the evaporator, and a photothermal conversion material is provided on the top surface of the porous water-absorbing substrate.

[0009] Preferably, the photothermal conversion material includes one or more of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nanographite powder, polydopamine, graphene and polypyrrole.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom surface of the evaporator base is provided with a plurality of evaporator base through holes.

[0011] Preferably, the sensor comprises a base, on which shielding material, acoustic material and pins are respectively provided.

[0012] Preferably, the solenoid valve includes a valve body, and an inlet connection end and an outlet connection end are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the valve body, the inlet connection end is connected with the water outlet, and the outlet connection end is connected with the fresh water outlet pipe, and a plunger is provided on the top surface of the valve body, and a wire and an orifice are respectively provided on the top of the plunger.

[0013] The invention discloses the following technical effects: when desalinating seawater, a swimming ring-like freshwater collection area enables the device to float on the sea surface; the evaporator bottom support is immersed in the sea surface to a certain depth, and the seawater is transferred to the inside of the porous water-absorbing substrate through capillary action; the upper surface of the solar evaporator is an evaporation interface with high light absorption rate, and the lower part is a porous water-absorbing substrate structure; the substrate structure transports the seawater to the evaporation interface, and utilizes efficient photothermal conversion materials to absorb solar radiation energy, so that the upper surface temperature of the porous water-absorbing substrate is increased, and the seawater inside the photothermal conversion layer is evaporated by high temperature to form freshwater vapor, and the freshwater vapor floats and acts on the surface of the light-transmitting condensation cover to condense freshwater droplets, so as to achieve the purpose of producing fresh water from seawater; by arranging a plurality of seawater desalination devices on the sea surface in an array manner using a freshwater collection main pipe and a plurality of freshwater birth pipes, and utilizing sensor signals to automatically control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, the rapid collection and transportation of freshwater is achieved, and the overall structure is simple and can cope with the harsh and changeable environmental changes at sea. Under 1 sun irradiation, the evaporation rate of the reduced graphene oxide aerogel evaporator reached a maximum of 1.89 kg / m -2 ·h -1At the same time, this unique structure has a great effect on the diffusion of salt. Even in 3.5wt% brine, there is no salt crystal on the surface after 10 hours of sunlight exposure, showing excellent salt resistance. The design of this reduced graphene oxide aerogel evaporator provides a new idea for the development of sustainable, durable and scalable solar evaporation systems.

[0014] In the above process, since the device floats on the sea surface, under the action of external wind and waves, the swimming ring-like fresh water collection area allows the device to move adaptively on the sea surface, and the device has excellent stability. Compared with the existing technology, in the process of making fresh water from seawater, there is no need to replenish seawater, and no need to consume additional electricity, achieving the purpose of convenient energy saving and environmental protection when making fresh water, greatly improving the production efficiency of solar seawater desalination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the main body of the seawater desalination device of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the main body of the seawater desalination device of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fresh water collection area of ​​the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the evaporator base of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the solenoid valve of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sensor of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a large-scale array of seawater desalination devices;

[0023] Figure 8 This is the wettability test image of the photothermal material surface;

[0024] Fig. 9 This is the nitrogen adsorption-desorption test image of the photothermal material;

[0025] Fig.10 It is the stress-strain test image of photothermal material;

[0026] Fig.11This is an infrared thermal image of the solar evaporation process of seawater desalination;

[0027] Fig.12 This is a comparative test chart of the evaporation rates of photothermal materials with different reduction degrees.

[0028] In the figure: 1, solar evaporator; 2, evaporator base; 3, fresh water collection area; 4, light-transmitting condensation cover; 5, water outlet; 6, light-heat conversion material; 7, porous water-absorbing base; 8, first connecting plate; 9, second connecting plate; 10, bolt; 11, nut; 12, annular groove; 13, annular groove through hole; 14, second connecting plate through hole; 15, first connecting plate through hole; 16, evaporator base through hole; 17, solenoid valve; 18, sensor; 19, inlet connection end; 20, plunger; 21, outlet connection end; 22, valve body; 23, wire; 24, orifice; 25, pin; 26, base; 27, shielding material; 28, acoustic material; 29, fresh water outlet pipe; 30, reservoir; 31, controller; 32, seawater desalination device body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides an independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation, including multiple desalination device bodies 32, the desalination device bodies 32 are connected to a water reservoir 30 through a fresh water outlet pipe 29, the desalination device bodies 32 include an evaporator base 2, a solar evaporator 1 is arranged inside the evaporator base 2, the evaporator base 2 is fixedly connected to and connected to a fresh water collection area 3, a light-transmitting condensation cover 4 is arranged on the top of the fresh water collection area 3, a water outlet 5 is arranged on one side of the fresh water collection area 3, the water outlet 5 is connected to the fresh water outlet pipe 29, a solenoid valve 17 is arranged outside the water outlet 5, and a sensor 18 is arranged inside the fresh water collection area 3.

[0032] The solar evaporator 1 is preferably immersed in seawater at the bottom, and seawater is continuously supplied to the photothermal surface. The solar energy driven interface evaporation technology is used, which utilizes photothermal materials to absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy to produce water vapor. The solar evaporator 1 is placed in the evaporator base 2. The evaporator base 2 is connected to the lower center of the device, which can make the photothermal conversion material 6 absorb more solar energy and convert it into heat energy, and at the same time can effectively lower the center of gravity of the device and improve its stability on the sea surface. The evaporator base 2 does not affect the transportation of seawater while towing the solar evaporator 1. The fresh water collection area 3 is a swimming ring structure, and a sensor 18 for detecting the fresh water level is provided inside. The light-transmitting condensation cover 4 is made of transparent material and is a hemispherical transparent cover structure. The solar evaporator 1 below needs to absorb a large amount of solar energy. The bottom of the light-transmitting condensation cover 4 is designed to be perpendicular to the annular groove above the fresh water collection area 3, so that the light-transmitting condensation cover 4 can be interference fit with the annular groove, which can facilitate the disassembly of the light-transmitting condensation cover 4 and achieve the purpose of replacing the solar evaporator 1; when the condensed water collects to a certain capacity, a number of seawater desalination device bodies 32 are arranged in an array, connected to the fresh water collection main pipe through the fresh water outlet pipe 29, and finally merged into the reservoir 30.

[0033] A further optimized solution is that an annular groove 12 is provided on the top surface of the fresh water collection area 3, the bottom of the light-transmitting condensation cover 4 is located in the annular groove 12, and a plurality of annular groove through holes 13 are evenly spaced in the annular groove 12, and the annular groove through holes 13 are connected to the fresh water collection area 3, so as to effectively collect the condensed water flowing down from the inner surface of the light-transmitting condensation cover 4.

[0034] According to a further optimization scheme, the solar evaporator 1 is an aerogel structure with low mass density, high porosity, large specific surface area and low thermal conductivity.

[0035] The preparation method of the solar interface evaporator comprises the following steps:

[0036] 1. Preparation of graphene oxide solution:

[0037] GO was prepared by the modified Hummers method. In an ice bath environment, 2g of graphite was added to 50ml of concentrated H2SO4. At 5°C, KMnO4 was added four times, 2g each time, with an interval of 10min each time. After the low-temperature reaction, the water bath temperature was raised to 40°C for a medium-temperature reaction for 3h. During the high-temperature reaction, the water bath temperature was raised to 80°C, 80°C deionized water was added, and the solution temperature in the beaker was controlled at 95°C to 98°C. After the high-temperature reaction, the beaker in the water bath was taken out, 40ml of H2O2 was added and stirred continuously. The prepared GO slurry was dialyzed, centrifuged, and freeze-dried to obtain GO powder. Weigh the GO powder with a balance and pour it into a clean beaker, add deionized water; secondly, homogenize it in a homogenizer with a speed of 6000r / min for 10min for preliminary dispersion; then, the homogenized GO solution was ultrasonically dispersed for 50min to obtain the finished GO solution.

[0038] 2. Preparation of graphene oxide film:

[0039] The GO dispersion was coated onto the film using a coater and then dried at room temperature.

[0040] 3. Preparation of reduced graphene oxide aerogel:

[0041] The prepared GO membrane was placed in a 5% hydrazine hydrate solution for 1 minute for pretreatment, dried in air for 1 minute, and then placed in a 30% hydrazine hydrate solution for reduction. The reduction time was 60 minutes to obtain a graphene aerogel named rGOA.

[0042] The process ratio for preparing graphene oxide solution is 1g of flake graphite, 25mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, 4g of potassium permanganate, 50mL of deionized water, and 20mL of hydrogen peroxide. The process ratio is limited to flake graphite with a mesh size of 325 or above. Large flake graphite with a mesh size of less than 325 needs to increase the amount of concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate. The amount of deionized water used refers to the amount used to dilute the concentrated sulfuric acid during the high-temperature reaction, not the amount used during the entire experimental process.

[0043] A further optimized solution is that a plurality of first connecting plates 8 are fixedly connected at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer top of the evaporator base 2, and a first connecting plate through hole 15 is provided on the first connecting plate 8; a plurality of second connecting plates 9 are fixedly connected at equal intervals in the axial direction in the fresh water collection area 3, and a second connecting plate through hole 14 is provided on the second connecting plate 9; the first connecting plate through hole 15 and the second connecting plate through hole 14 located at the same vertical position are connected by bolts 10 and nuts 11.

[0044] In a further optimized solution, a porous water-absorbing substrate 7 is provided in the evaporator base 2, and a light-heat conversion material 6 is provided on the top surface of the porous water-absorbing substrate 7. During the interface solar seawater evaporation process, the evaporator base 2 is immersed in seawater for a long time and needs to have good salt resistance, so the evaporator base 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The porous water-absorbing substrate 7 is a porous sponge.

[0045] According to a further optimized solution, the photothermal conversion material 6 includes one or more of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nanographite powder, polydopamine, graphene and polypyrrole.

[0046] The porous water-absorbing substrate 7 is made of a porous medium with high water absorption performance, so as to evenly transfer the transported seawater to the photothermal conversion material 6, that is, the evaporation interface, to improve the evaporation effect. The porous water-absorbing substrate 7 is preferably a porous sponge; the photothermal conversion material 6 includes a hydrophobic photothermal conversion coating covering the upper surface of the porous sponge, which is a reduced graphene oxide aerogel.

[0047] Further optimizing the scheme, the bottom surface of the evaporator base 2 is provided with a plurality of evaporator base through holes 16. The evaporator base 2 is designed with abundant through holes, which can not affect the transportation of seawater while meeting the requirements of towing the solar evaporator 1. The outer surface of the evaporator base 2 is bonded with a first connecting plate 8 for connecting with the fresh water collection area 3.

[0048] Further optimizing the scheme, the sensor 18 includes a base 26, on which a shielding material 27, an acoustic material 28 and a pin 25 are respectively provided. The sensor 18 is an ultrasonic sensor 18, which transmits ultrasonic waves and reflects them after hitting the liquid surface. The distance is calculated by detecting and calculating the time difference between ultrasonic emission and reception, and the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 17 are controlled. When the fresh water collected by the sensor 18 in the fresh water collection area 3 exceeds 2 / 3 of the volume, the electromagnetic valve 17 will be controlled to open. The fresh water in the fresh water area will flow into the fresh water collection main pipe through the fresh water outlet pipe 29, and finally flow into the reservoir 30 on the shore.

[0049] A further optimized solution is that the solenoid valve 17 includes a valve body 22, and an inlet connection end 19 and an outlet connection end 21 are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the valve body 22, the inlet connection end 19 is connected to the water outlet 5, and the outlet connection end 21 is connected to the fresh water outlet pipe 29, and a plunger 20 is provided on the top surface of the valve body 22, and a wire 23 and an orifice 24 are respectively provided on the top of the plunger 20.

[0050] Considering that the seawater level in the freshwater collection area 3 will continue to drop as evaporation proceeds, in order to ensure that the bottom of the solar evaporator 1 is always immersed in seawater, in this embodiment, the solar evaporator 1 uses an aerogel material similar to the janus structure, and a sensor 18 is installed on the bottom surface of the annular groove 12 to monitor the liquid level in the freshwater collection area 3 and control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 17 on the water outlet 5. After the sensor 18 collects the water level signal through the shielding material 27 and the acoustic material 28, it is transmitted to the orifice 24 of the solenoid valve 17 by the pin 25, and controls the movement of the plunger 20 after passing through the wire 23, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the discharge of fresh water. The water outlet 5 is connected to the inlet connection end 19, and the fresh water is collected into the fresh water output pipe by the outlet connection end 21, and finally flows into the reservoir 30.

[0051] The light-transmitting condensation cover 4 is preferably an acrylic plate, and sunlight can be irradiated to the upper surface of the solar evaporator 1 through the acrylic plate without affecting the intensity of the sunlight.

[0052] After the fresh water condenses on the inner wall of the light-transmitting condensation cover 4 , the fresh water will slide downward along the inner wall of the light-transmitting condensation cover 4 , pass through the annular groove through hole 13 and fall into the fresh water collection area 3 .

[0053] The fresh water collection area 3 is designed as a swimming ring structure. This is because the swimming ring has good stability on the water surface, and the device will not capsize when encountering tides or waves. A fresh water outlet pipe 29 is provided on one side of the fresh water collection area 3. When the condensed water is collected to a certain capacity, it is discharged through the fresh water outlet pipe 29. The fresh water outlet pipe 29 is connected to the fresh water collection area 3.

[0054] like Figure 8-12 As shown, the photothermal conversion material takes reduced graphene oxide aerogel as an example, and the test performance of the solar desalination device of the present invention is as follows:

[0055] 1. Wettability test

[0056] Contact angle test of water in air: Place the prepared reduced graphene oxide aerogel horizontally on the contact angle measuring instrument and take 5uL of water for measurement. Contact angle test of reduced graphene oxide aerogel photothermal conversion material on water Figure 8 , the evaporator exhibits super hydrophilicity to water.

[0057] 2. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption test

[0058] The nitrogen desorption curve of reduced graphene oxide aerogel represents a type IV adsorption-desorption curve with a hysteresis loop. Fig. 9 The pore distribution curve shown in Figure 2 shows that the reduced graphene oxide aerogel contains abundant mesoporous structures with pore widths ranging from 2 to 50 nm. Importantly, the large specific surface area and high pore volume are beneficial to improving the light absorption performance of the reduced graphene oxide aerogel.

[0059] 3. Stress-strain test

[0060] Cyclic compression tests of reduced graphene oxide aerogels at 20%, 40%, and 60% strains are shown in Figure 2. Fig.10 As shown, the photothermal material exhibits ultra-high resilience and can maintain an efficient evaporation rate in long-term seawater desalination.

[0061] 3. Surface infrared thermal imaging test

[0062] The reduced graphene oxide aerogel was placed in a beaker, and a xenon lamp was used to simulate the sunlight to conduct a lighting experiment. The infrared thermal imager was used to monitor the evaporation surface temperature change in real time, and the surface temperature change of the reduced graphene oxide aerogel was recorded within 1 hour. The test results are as follows: Fig.11 As shown: When 1 sun incident light hits the surface of reduced graphene oxide aerogel floating on water, the temperature of the top surface increases from 18°C ​​to 48.5°C.

[0063] 4. Evaporation performance test

[0064] The reduced graphene oxide aerogel was placed in a beaker filled with seawater, and a lighting experiment was conducted using a simulated solar light source. An electronic balance was used to monitor the changes in the evaporation mass of the water in real time. The test results are as follows: Fig.12 As shown in Figure 2, under 1 sun irradiation without air convection, the evaporation rate increases first and then decreases with the increase of reduction time, among which PDMS / rGOA3 has the maximum evaporation rate of 1.89 kg / m -2 ·h -1 .

[0065] Working principle: When desalinating seawater, the device is placed on the sea surface. At this time, the device floats on the sea surface under the action of the swimming ring-type freshwater collection area 3. One end of the porous water-absorbing substrate 7 extends into the seawater, and the seawater is transported to the porous water-absorbing substrate through capillary action. Sunlight shines on the upper surface of the solar evaporator 1 through the light-transmitting condensation cover 4. The photothermal conversion material 6 absorbs the sunlight and converts it into heat, heating the seawater transported to the evaporation interface through the porous water-absorbing substrate 7. The seawater evaporates due to the heat to produce water vapor, and the fresh water vapor floats up and acts on the top of the light-transmitting condensation cover 4. Then condense into fresh water droplets, which flow into the annular groove 12 along the inner wall of the light-transmitting condensation cover 4, and flow into the fresh water collection area 3 through the annular groove through hole 13. When the fresh water is collected to a certain extent, it is discharged through the fresh water outlet pipe 29. The sensor 18 monitors the liquid level change in the fresh water collection area 3. When the liquid level reaches 2 / 3, it sends a signal to the controller 31 to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 17, and the fresh water flowing out of the outlet is collected into the fresh water outlet pipe 29 and finally enters the reservoir 30. Multiple seawater desalination device bodies 32 are distributed in an array to achieve the purpose of large-scale production of fresh water from seawater. Compared with the prior art, in the process of producing fresh water from seawater, the device is placed on the sea surface, no seawater supplement is required, and no additional electricity is consumed, so as to achieve the purpose of convenient energy saving and environmental protection when producing fresh water.

[0066] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0067] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation, characterized by: The invention comprises a plurality of seawater desalination device bodies (32), wherein the seawater desalination device bodies (32) are connected to a water storage tank (30) via a fresh water outlet pipe (29), wherein the seawater desalination device bodies (32) comprise an evaporator base (2), wherein a solar evaporator (1) is arranged inside the evaporator base (2), wherein the evaporator base (2) is fixedly connected to and connected to a fresh water collection area (3) outside the evaporator base (2), wherein a light-transmitting condensation cover (4) is arranged on the top of the fresh water collection area (3), wherein a water outlet (5) is arranged on one side of the fresh water collection area (3), wherein the water outlet (5) is connected to the fresh water outlet pipe (29), wherein a solenoid valve (17) is arranged outside the water outlet (5), and wherein a sensor (18) is arranged inside the fresh water collection area (3).

2. The independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top surface of the fresh water collection area (3) is provided with an annular groove (12), the bottom of the light-transmitting condensation cover (4) is located in the annular groove (12), a plurality of annular groove through holes (13) are evenly spaced in the annular groove (12), and the annular groove through holes (13) are connected to the fresh water collection area (3).

3. The independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solar evaporator (1) is an aerogel structure with low mass density, high porosity, large specific surface area and low thermal conductivity.

4. The independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of first connecting plates (8) are fixedly connected at equal intervals in the circumferential direction to the top of the evaporator base support (2), and a first connecting plate through hole (15) is provided on the first connecting plate (8). A plurality of second connecting plates (9) are fixedly connected at equal intervals in the axial direction to the fresh water collection area (3), and a second connecting plate through hole (14) is provided on the second connecting plate (9). The first connecting plate through hole (15) and the second connecting plate through hole (14) located at the same vertical position are connected by bolts (10) and nuts (11).

5. The independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A porous water-absorbing substrate (7) is provided inside the evaporator base (2), and a light-heat conversion material (6) is provided on the top surface of the porous water-absorbing substrate (7).

6. The independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The photothermal conversion material (6) comprises one or more of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nanographite powder, polydopamine, graphene and polypyrrole.

7. The independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom surface of the evaporator base (2) is provided with a plurality of evaporator base through holes (16).

8. The independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor (18) comprises a base (26), on which a shielding material (27), an acoustic material (28) and a pin (25) are respectively provided.

9. The independent floating solar desalination device based on interface evaporation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solenoid valve (17) comprises a valve body (22), and an inlet connection end (19) and an outlet connection end (21) are respectively provided at two sides of the bottom of the valve body (22), the inlet connection end (19) is connected to the water outlet (5), and the outlet connection end (21) is connected to the fresh water outlet pipe (29), and a plunger (20) is provided on the top surface of the valve body (22), and a wire (23) and an orifice (24) are respectively provided on the top of the plunger (20).

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