Rural environment comprehensive improvement system and method based on ecological water treatment technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a rural environment comprehensive improvement system and method based on an ecological water treatment technology, and the system comprises a sewage pretreatment module, an ecological treatment module, a recycling module and an intelligent monitoring module. The sewage pretreatment module collects and pretreats rural non-point source pollution runoff to obtain pretreated sewage and agricultural waste. The ecological treatment module is used for treating the pretreated sewage by utilizing a multi-stage constructed wetland and a bio-membrane reactor to obtain precipitated sludge and reclaimed water. And the recycling module is used for recycling the precipitated sludge, agricultural wastes and reclaimed water to obtain a fertilizer, biochar and recyclable water resources. And the intelligent monitoring module is used for monitoring and regulating each module. Rural sewage can be efficiently treated, resource utilization is achieved, and the operation efficiency and stability of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and in particular relates to a rural environment comprehensive improvement system and method based on ecological water treatment technology. Background Art

[0002] Rural sewage is mainly composed of domestic sewage and agricultural production wastewater, which contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants. Direct discharge will seriously pollute the water body and threaten the health of residents and ecological security. Traditional sewage treatment technology is costly and difficult to adapt to rural decentralized scenarios. Ecological water treatment technologies such as artificial wetlands and biofilm reactors have become an important direction for rural sewage treatment due to their low operating costs and environmental friendliness. However, existing technologies still have problems such as low resource utilization and insufficient system stability. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, economical and sustainable comprehensive rural environmental improvement plan. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a rural environmental comprehensive improvement system and method based on ecological water treatment technology to solve the problems existing in the prior art in response to the above technical problems.

[0004] In the first aspect, the present application provides a rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology, which is characterized by comprising a sewage pretreatment module, an ecological treatment module, a resource module and an intelligent monitoring module:

[0005] The sewage pretreatment module is used to collect and pre-treat rural non-point source pollution runoff to obtain pre-treated sewage and agricultural waste;

[0006] The ecological treatment module is used to treat the pre-treated sewage by using multi-stage artificial wetlands and biofilm reactors through the synergistic action of plants and microorganisms to obtain precipitated sludge and reclaimed water;

[0007] Resource recovery module, used to recycle sediment sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water to obtain fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources;

[0008] The intelligent monitoring module is used to monitor and control the operating status of the sewage pretreatment module, ecological treatment module and resource utilization module.

[0009] In one embodiment, the intelligent monitoring module is further used to:

[0010] Obtain water quality information and equipment operation information in the sewage pretreatment module, ecological treatment module and resource utilization module, integrate the water quality information and equipment operation information, and obtain module status information;

[0011] Calculate the anomaly score of the module status information, and classify the risk level of the module status information according to the preset conditions, the size of the anomaly score, and the duration of the anomaly data:

[0012] When the anomaly score is less than X and the duration of the anomaly data is less than Y, the module status information is classified as a low risk level;

[0013] When the anomaly score is between X and Z and the duration of the anomaly data is less than W, the anomaly score is less than X and the duration of the anomaly data is between Y and W, or the anomaly score is between X and Z and the duration of the anomaly data is between Y and W, the module status information is classified as medium risk level;

[0014] When the anomaly score is greater than Z or the duration of the anomaly data is greater than W, the module status information is classified as a high-risk level;

[0015] Take appropriate measures based on the risk level of the module status information:

[0016] When the risk is low, increase the sampling frequency of the sensor;

[0017] When the risk is medium, the self-check program is started and the equipment operating parameters are automatically adjusted according to the self-check results;

[0018] When the risk is high, the emergency handling procedure is activated. The procedure is used to instruct the immediate closure of the corresponding module equipment and pipeline valves, and generate abnormal prompt information. The abnormal prompt information is used to instruct maintenance personnel to conduct on-site inspections and repairs.

[0019] In one embodiment, the intelligent monitoring module is further configured to calculate an abnormality score of the module status information using the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, S(t) represents the anomaly score, X i (t) represents the current value of the i-th parameter at time t, m i Represents the median of the i-th parameter, MAD i represents the absolute deviation of the i-th parameter, α, β and γ represent weight parameters, I i represents the inherent importance of the i-th parameter, A i represents the abnormal frequency of the ith parameter, D i Indicates the severity of the abnormality of the i-th parameter, k m represents the module coefficient, e -λt represents the time decay factor, Z represents the normalization factor, the weight is 1, and E(t) represents the interaction term;

[0022] Where Z is calculated by the following formula: Z = ∑ i (α·Ii +β·A i +γ·D i );

[0023] E(t) is calculated by the following formula:

[0024] Among them, δ represents the adjustment parameter, C ij represents the correlation coefficient between the i-th and j-th parameters, represents the predicted value of the i-th parameter at time t.

[0025] In one embodiment, the sewage pretreatment module is further used for:

[0026] Obtain information on sources of non-point source pollution runoff within villages;

[0027] Lay sewage interception pipes based on the source information of rural non-point source pollution runoff, and collect rural sewage generated by rural life activities, agricultural production or other surface processes through the sewage interception pipes;

[0028] Use adjustable interval screen wells to intercept large solid debris in sewage;

[0029] Use sand settling to treat inorganic suspended matter in sewage;

[0030] Performing aeration treatment to obtain pretreated sewage and sludge;

[0031] Clean and sort large-sized solid debris to obtain agricultural waste.

[0032] In one embodiment, the resource module further includes:

[0033] Conditioning and dehydrating the sludge to obtain a mud cake with a moisture content of less than 60%;

[0034] The mud cake is treated by aerobic fermentation. The temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration parameter information during the fermentation process are obtained in real time through sensors. The fermentation conditions are adjusted according to the parameter information to obtain fertilizer.

[0035] In one embodiment, the resource module is further configured to:

[0036] The grey water is finely filtered to obtain stable grey water;

[0037] Use nanofiltration membrane to separate and treat the stable reclaimed water, with an operating pressure of 1-3MPa to obtain permeate and concentrate;

[0038] The permeate is sterilized and disinfected by ultraviolet light to obtain reusable water resources;

[0039] The concentrated liquid is evaporated and concentrated to obtain liquid fertilizer.

[0040] In one embodiment, the resource module is further configured to:

[0041] The collected agricultural waste is screened according to its properties and components, and the preset components are removed and dried to obtain raw materials for charcoal making;

[0042] The carbon-making raw materials are crushed and extruded to obtain carbon-making particles of a preset size;

[0043] The charcoal particles are made into biochar using the charcoal-making method.

[0044] In one embodiment, the ecological treatment module is also used to treat the pre-treated sewage in the following manner to obtain the settled sludge and the reclaimed water:

[0045] Use vertical flow wetlands to degrade COD and BOD in pre-treated sewage to obtain primary treated water;

[0046] Using surface flow wetlands to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from primary treated water to obtain secondary treated water;

[0047] The ecological self-purification function of the aquatic plant community in the landscape wetland is used to condition the secondary treated water to obtain reclaimed water;

[0048] Use sludge pumps to suck out sludge generated by vertical flow wetlands, surface flow wetlands and landscape wetlands;

[0049] The sludge is put into the sludge settling tank, flocculant is added, and the sludge is precipitated for a preset time to obtain the precipitated sludge.

[0050] In one embodiment:

[0051] The vertical flow wetland is formed by stacking a filler layer as the base, a biochar layer, a filter layer and aquatic plants in sequence. The filler layer includes gravels of different particle sizes, and the filter layer is composed of non-woven needle felt.

[0052] Surface flow wetlands include a floating mat layer and aquatic plants growing on the floating mat layer, the floating mat layer is used to support the aquatic plants, and the roots, rhizomes and hanging root biofilm networks of the aquatic plants are used to provide biologically active surface area for biochemical transformation and physical processes of pollutants;

[0053] The landscape wetland includes a matrix layer, aquatic plant and animal communities and an aeration device. The matrix layer includes one or more mixtures of soil, gravel, sand and biochar. The aquatic plant and animal communities include emergent plants, floating leaf plants, submerged plants, zooplankton, benthic animals, swimming animals and microorganisms.

[0054] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a method for comprehensive improvement of rural environment based on ecological water treatment technology, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0055] S201, collecting and pre-treating rural non-point source polluted runoff to obtain pre-treated sewage and agricultural waste;

[0056] S202, using multi-stage artificial wetlands and biofilm reactors to treat pre-treated sewage through the synergistic action of plants and microorganisms to obtain precipitated sludge and reclaimed water;

[0057] S203, recycling the sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water to obtain fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources;

[0058] S204, using the intelligent monitoring module to monitor and adjust the working parameters of the above steps.

[0059] The above-mentioned rural environmental comprehensive improvement system and method based on ecological water treatment technology collects rural non-point source pollution runoff and pre-treats it to obtain pre-treated sewage and agricultural waste through the sewage pretreatment module, utilizes the multi-stage artificial wetland and biofilm reactor in the ecological treatment module, and uses the synergistic effect of plants and microorganisms to treat the pre-treated sewage to produce sludge and reclaimed water. The resource utilization module recycles the sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water into fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources. The intelligent monitoring module realizes the monitoring and regulation of each module, effectively treats rural non-point source pollution as a whole, improves the rural water environment, realizes the resource utilization of waste, promotes rural sustainable development, and improves the system operation efficiency and stability, and reduces the labor management cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 A flow chart of a rural environment comprehensive improvement method based on ecological water treatment technology of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0064] The present application provides a rural environmental comprehensive improvement system and method based on ecological water treatment technology, which is mainly suitable for rural areas, especially rural areas with water pollution problems and with basic pipeline networks and space sites. The application scenarios include the need to improve the water environment, deal with non-point source pollution, and recycle agricultural waste.

[0065] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology is provided. The system is applied to ordinary villages as an example for explanation. In this embodiment, the system includes a sewage pretreatment module 110, an ecological treatment module 120, a resource module 130 and an intelligent monitoring module 140:

[0066] The sewage pretreatment module 110 is used to collect and pre-treat rural non-point source polluted runoff to obtain pre-treated sewage and agricultural waste;

[0067] Exemplarily, the sewage pretreatment module 110 collects sewage in the countryside, such as sewage flowing down from rainwater washing away forests and rural domestic sewage, and obtains pretreated sewage by separating large debris from the sewage. It also obtains agricultural waste from the large debris, such as branches and leaves washed down by water, crops, etc.

[0068] The ecological treatment module 120 is used to treat the pre-treated sewage by using multi-stage artificial wetlands and biofilm reactors through the synergistic action of plants and microorganisms to obtain precipitated sludge and reclaimed water;

[0069] Specifically, the ecological treatment module 120 uses multi-stage artificial wetlands, wetland plants, wetland fillers and microbial communities on biofilms to remove pollutants such as organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the pre-treated sewage to obtain reclaimed water. At the same time, the sludge generated in the treatment process is obtained through a sludge pump, and sedimentation treatment is carried out using facilities such as sedimentation tanks to obtain precipitated sludge.

[0070] The resource recovery module 130 is used to recycle the sedimentation sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water to obtain fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources;

[0071] For example, the resource recovery module 130 dehydrates and ferments the sludge to make fertilizer for recycling. The agricultural waste is dried and crushed to make biochar, which can be used for improving planting sites or providing fuel, etc. The reclaimed water is further processed to meet the water quality standards for reuse, and can be used for agricultural irrigation, landscape water replenishment, etc.

[0072] The intelligent monitoring module 140 is used to monitor and regulate the operating status of the sewage pretreatment module 110 , the ecological treatment module 120 and the resource utilization module 130 .

[0073] For example, the intelligent monitoring module 140 can obtain water quality parameters and equipment information in the sewage pretreatment module 110, the ecological treatment module 120 and the resource utilization module 130 through the sensor network, such as the ammonia nitrogen content and microbial content of the water, the flow rate and liquid level of the equipment operation, etc., and conduct abnormal evaluation through analysis. When abnormal conditions such as excessive water quality and equipment failure are found, an early warning signal is issued. At the same time, the intelligent monitoring module 140 can realize automatic control and adjust the operating parameters of each module according to the water quality parameters and equipment information, such as adjusting the water flow speed and water flow temperature, to ensure that the system is always in the best operating state.

[0074] The above rural environmental comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology removes large debris and inorganic suspended matter from sewage to obtain pre-treated sewage and agricultural waste; uses multi-stage artificial wetlands and biofilm reactors to further remove organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in pre-treated sewage to obtain reclaimed water and precipitated sludge; recycles precipitated sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water to make fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources; obtains data through sensor networks, conducts abnormal evaluation and automatic control to ensure efficient operation of the system. It effectively solves the problems of high cost, low treatment efficiency and insufficient resource utilization of rural sewage treatment.

[0075] In one embodiment, the intelligent monitoring module 140 is further used to:

[0076] Acquire water quality information and equipment operation information in the sewage pretreatment module 110, the ecological treatment module 120 and the resource utilization module 130, integrate the water quality information and the equipment operation information, and obtain module status information;

[0077] Calculate the anomaly score of the module status information, and classify the risk level of the module status information according to the preset conditions, the size of the anomaly score, and the duration of the anomaly data:

[0078] When the anomaly score is less than X and the duration of the anomaly data is less than Y, the module status information is classified as a low risk level;

[0079] When the anomaly score is between X and Z and the duration of the anomaly data is less than W, the anomaly score is less than X and the duration of the anomaly data is between Y and W, or the anomaly score is between X and Z and the duration of the anomaly data is between Y and W, the module status information is classified as medium risk level;

[0080] When the anomaly score is greater than Z or the duration of the anomaly data is greater than W, the module status information is classified as a high-risk level;

[0081] Take appropriate measures based on the risk level of the module status information:

[0082] When the risk is low, increase the sampling frequency of the sensor;

[0083] When the risk is medium, the self-check program is started and the equipment operating parameters are automatically adjusted according to the self-check results;

[0084] When the risk is high, the emergency handling procedure is activated. The procedure is used to instruct the immediate closure of the corresponding module equipment and pipeline valves, and generate abnormal prompt information. The abnormal prompt information is used to instruct maintenance personnel to conduct on-site inspections and repairs.

[0085] Exemplarily, the intelligent monitoring module 140 obtains water quality information and equipment operation information in the sewage pretreatment module 110, the ecological treatment module 120 and the resource module 130, and integrates the water quality and equipment characteristics of each module to obtain module status information that can be used for quantification, so as to fully understand the operation status of each module. According to the preset algorithm, the abnormal score of the module status information is calculated, and the abnormal score reflects the degree to which the module deviates from the normal operation state. According to the preset conditions, the size of the abnormal score, and the duration of the abnormal data, the risk level of the module information is divided into three risk levels: low, medium, and high, and corresponding measures are taken accordingly, such as increasing the sampling frequency when the risk is low, starting the self-check and adjusting the parameters when the risk is medium, and starting the emergency program when the risk is high to shut down the equipment and prompt the maintenance personnel to check and repair. Through these steps, the monitoring of the sewage pretreatment module 110, the ecological treatment module 120 and the resource module 130 is realized.

[0086] In one embodiment, the intelligent monitoring module 140 is further configured to calculate an abnormality score of the module status information using the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, S(t) represents the anomaly score, X i (t) represents the current value of the i-th parameter at time t, m i Represents the median of the i-th parameter, MAD i represents the absolute deviation of the i-th parameter, α, β and γ represent weight parameters, I i represents the inherent importance of the i-th parameter, A i represents the abnormal frequency of the ith parameter, D i Indicates the severity of the abnormality of the i-th parameter, k m represents the module coefficient, e -λt represents the time decay factor, Z represents the normalization factor, the weight is 1, and E(t) represents the interaction term;

[0089] Where Z is calculated by the following formula: Z = ∑ i (α·I i +β·A i +γ·D i );

[0090] E(t) is calculated by the following formula:

[0091] Among them, δ represents the adjustment parameter, C ij represents the correlation coefficient between the i-th and j-th parameters, represents the predicted value of the i-th parameter at time t.

[0092] Specifically, the above formula uses the median and absolute deviation to measure the central trend and dispersion of the parameters in the calculation to avoid the influence of extreme values, introduces weight parameters α, β and γ to adjust the relative importance of different factors, and can comprehensively consider the abnormal degree, inherent importance, abnormal frequency, severity, correlation between modules and time factors of multiple parameters to calculate an abnormal score that can more accurately reflect the system status, making the early warning of the intelligent monitoring module 140 more accurate.

[0093] In one embodiment, the sewage pretreatment module 110 is further used for:

[0094] Obtain information on sources of non-point source pollution runoff within villages;

[0095] Lay sewage interception pipes based on the source information of rural non-point source pollution runoff, and collect rural sewage generated by rural life activities, agricultural production or other surface processes through the sewage interception pipes;

[0096] Use adjustable interval screen wells to intercept large solid debris in sewage;

[0097] Use sand settling to treat inorganic suspended matter in sewage;

[0098] Performing aeration treatment to obtain pretreated sewage and sludge;

[0099] Clean and sort large-sized solid debris to obtain agricultural waste.

[0100] Specifically, the sewage pretreatment module 110 obtains the source information of non-point source pollution runoff in the village, such as the discharge channels of villagers' domestic sewage, the drainage channels of planting land, rainwater runoff and other information, and lays the sewage interception pipe network based on this information to collect sewage generated by rural life, agricultural production and other activities. According to the actual situation, the interval of the interception well is adjusted to increase the processing flow of intercepted debris. At the same time, the inorganic suspended matter is settled by sand settling treatment, and aeration treatment is performed. Air is introduced into the water through the aeration equipment to improve the water quality and obtain pre-treated sewage and sludge. Large-sized solid debris is cleaned and classified, and impurities that cannot be used are removed to obtain agricultural waste.

[0101] In one embodiment, the resource module 130 further includes:

[0102] Conditioning and dehydrating the sludge to obtain a mud cake with a moisture content of less than 60%;

[0103] The mud cake is treated by aerobic fermentation. The temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration parameter information during the fermentation process are obtained in real time through sensors. The fermentation conditions are adjusted according to the parameter information to obtain fertilizer.

[0104] For example, a conditioner can be added to improve the dehydration performance of the sludge, stabilize the properties of the sludge, and use plate and frame filter presses, centrifugal dehydrators and other equipment to dehydrate to obtain a mud cake with a moisture content of less than 60%. This step can reduce the volume and weight of the sludge, which is convenient for subsequent transportation and processing. Before fermentation, an appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, such as straw, sawdust, etc., can be added to the mud cake to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and air permeability of the fermented material. During fermentation, the mud cake can be piled in a fermentation tank or a fermentation pile, and sufficient oxygen can be provided by turning the pile or ventilation equipment to start the aerobic fermentation process. Sensors are used to obtain parameter information such as temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, etc. during the fermentation process in real time, and fermentation conditions such as turning the pile frequency, ventilation volume, etc. are adjusted according to these parameter information to obtain mature fertilizers after fermentation.

[0105] In one embodiment, the resource module 130 is further configured to:

[0106] The grey water is finely filtered to obtain stable grey water;

[0107] Use nanofiltration membrane to separate and treat the stable reclaimed water, with an operating pressure of 1-3MPa to obtain permeate and concentrate;

[0108] The permeate is sterilized and disinfected by ultraviolet light to obtain reusable water resources;

[0109] The concentrated liquid is evaporated and concentrated to obtain liquid fertilizer.

[0110] Exemplarily, the reclaimed water is finely filtered, and a fine filter can be used to remove the tiny particles and suspended matter remaining in the water to obtain stable reclaimed water. The stable reclaimed water is separated and treated using a nanofiltration membrane. The nanofiltration membrane can separate soluble salts, organic matter and other components in the water. The operating pressure is controlled within the range of 1-3MPa. Under this pressure, water molecules and some small molecules can pass through the nanofiltration membrane to form a permeate, while larger molecules and soluble salts are retained in the concentrate, thereby achieving further separation and purification of the reclaimed water. The evaporation concentration treatment can increase the concentration of the concentrate by heating evaporation and drying evaporation to obtain liquid fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer is rich in nutrients required for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., and can be used in the fertilization link in agricultural production to achieve resource recycling, reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, and reduce the pressure of wastewater discharge on the environment.

[0111] In one embodiment, the resource module 130 is further configured to:

[0112] The collected agricultural waste is screened according to its properties and components, and the preset components are removed and dried to obtain raw materials for charcoal making;

[0113] The carbon-making raw materials are crushed and extruded to obtain carbon-making particles of a preset size;

[0114] The charcoal particles are made into biochar using the charcoal-making method.

[0115] Specifically, the properties and components of agricultural waste are screened to obtain agricultural waste such as straw and rice husk, which are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. These wastes have a high fixed carbon content and are conducive to the preparation of biochar. During the screening, the preset impurity components are removed to improve the purity of the raw materials for charcoal making. Drying treatment can be performed by drying, drying and other methods to reduce the water content of the raw materials to obtain charcoal making raw materials. The raw materials for charcoal making are crushed and extruded, and a pellet machine can be used to make them reach a preset small particle size, which is conducive to increasing the specific surface area of ​​the raw materials and improving the pyrolysis efficiency. The charcoal stewing method is a pyrolysis method at about 400 to 700 ° C. By slowly heating up, the charcoal particles undergo a series of reactions such as isomerization, dehydration, decarboxylation, depolymerization and carbonization, and finally form biochar. During the charcoal stewing process, parameters such as temperature, heating rate and reaction time have a significant impact on the performance of biochar. These parameters can be adjusted to control the characteristics of biochar, such as porosity, specific surface area and thermal stability.

[0116] In one embodiment, the ecological treatment module 120 is further used to treat the pre-treated sewage in the following manner to obtain the precipitated sludge and the reclaimed water:

[0117] Use vertical flow wetlands to degrade COD and BOD in pre-treated sewage to obtain primary treated water;

[0118] Using surface flow wetlands to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from primary treated water to obtain secondary treated water;

[0119] The ecological self-purification function of the aquatic plant community in the landscape wetland is used to condition the secondary treated water to obtain reclaimed water;

[0120] Use sludge pumps to suck out sludge generated by vertical flow wetlands, surface flow wetlands and landscape wetlands;

[0121] The sludge is put into the sludge settling tank, flocculant is added, and the sludge is precipitated for a preset time to obtain the precipitated sludge.

[0122] For example, vertical flow wetlands are used to degrade COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) in pre-treated sewage. In vertical flow wetlands, pre-treated sewage flows vertically through a packing layer on which microbial communities grow. These communities decompose organic matter in the pre-treated sewage through metabolism, reduce COD and BOD values, and obtain primary treated water. Surface flow wetlands are used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from primary treated water. In surface flow wetlands, the roots of aquatic plants and microorganisms remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the water through processes such as adsorption, absorption, and conversion, and obtain secondary treated water. In landscape wetlands, aquatic plants can provide habitats and nutrients for microorganisms and aquatic animals. Microorganisms can form biofilms on the roots and leaf surfaces of aquatic plants, increase the contact area with pollutants, and improve the conversion efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances. Aquatic animals can promote the circulation of substances in water bodies by ingesting organic matter and microorganisms in water, accelerate the degradation of pollutants and the reuse of nutrients. At the same time, the activities of aquatic animals can improve the aeration and structure of wetland substrates, which is conducive to the growth and activity of microorganisms. Under the joint action of aquatic plants, microorganisms and aquatic animals, the pollutants and impurities remaining in the secondary treated water are removed to obtain reclaimed water. The sludge produced by vertical flow wetlands, surface flow wetlands and landscape wetlands is sucked out by sludge pumps, and the sludge is put into sludge sedimentation tanks. Flocculants are added to aggregate the sludge particles into larger particles through flocculation to accelerate the sedimentation process. After a preset time of sedimentation, the sludge particles settle to the bottom of the pool to form precipitated sludge, and the supernatant can be returned to the wetland for reuse.

[0123] In one embodiment:

[0124] The vertical flow wetland is formed by stacking a filler layer as the base, a biochar layer, a filter layer and aquatic plants in sequence. The filler layer includes gravels of different particle sizes, and the filter layer is composed of non-woven needle felt.

[0125] Surface flow wetlands include a floating mat layer and aquatic plants growing on the floating mat layer, the floating mat layer is used to support the aquatic plants, and the roots, rhizomes and hanging root biofilm networks of the aquatic plants are used to provide biologically active surface area for biochemical transformation and physical processes of pollutants;

[0126] The landscape wetland includes a matrix layer, aquatic plant and animal communities and an aeration device. The matrix layer includes one or more mixtures of soil, gravel, sand and biochar. The aquatic plant and animal communities include emergent plants, floating leaf plants, submerged plants, zooplankton, benthic animals, swimming animals and microorganisms.

[0127] Specifically, in vertical flow wetlands, the packing layer is located at the bottom layer, which contains gravels of different particle sizes, plays a supporting and filtering role, and can intercept large particles of impurities and suspended matter in sewage. The biochar layer is located above the packing layer. Biochar has a rich pore structure and a large specific surface area, which provides an environment for microorganisms to attach and grow, and is conducive to the reproduction and metabolic activities of microorganisms. The filter layer is composed of non-woven needle felt, which is used to prevent the clogging of the biochar layer. Aquatic plants grow on the top layer, and their roots can penetrate each layer, providing a surface for microorganisms to attach, while absorbing and converting nutrients in the water to promote the removal of pollutants. The structure of the surface flow wetland includes a floating pad layer and aquatic plants growing on the floating pad layer. The floating pad layer is made of lightweight materials and can float on the water surface to carry aquatic plants. The roots, rhizomes and hanging root biofilm network of aquatic plants form a complex three-dimensional structure in the water, providing a large amount of biologically active surface area, providing a place for microorganisms to attach and grow. Microorganisms decompose organic matter and pollutants in water through metabolism to achieve water purification. The structure of the landscape wetland includes a matrix layer, aquatic flora and fauna communities, and an aeration device. The matrix layer includes a mixture of one or more of soil, gravel, sand and biochar, which provides a growth medium for aquatic plants and microorganisms. Aquatic flora and fauna communities include emergent plants, floating leaf plants, submerged plants, zooplankton, benthic animals, swimming animals, and microorganisms, forming an ecosystem with the landscape wetland environment. These organisms participate in the water purification process through their respective ecological functions. For example, emergent plants and floating leaf plants can reduce the eutrophication of water bodies; submerged plants can increase the dissolved oxygen in water through photosynthesis and promote the metabolic activities of microorganisms; zooplankton and benthic animals can further purify water quality by feeding and decomposing organic matter. The aeration device increases the dissolved oxygen content in water by filling oxygen into the water, promotes the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, and improves the efficiency of water purification.

[0128] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a method for comprehensive improvement of rural environment based on ecological water treatment technology is provided, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0129] S201, collecting and pre-treating rural non-point source polluted runoff to obtain pre-treated sewage and agricultural waste;

[0130] S202, using multi-stage artificial wetlands and biofilm reactors to treat pre-treated sewage through the synergistic action of plants and microorganisms to obtain precipitated sludge and reclaimed water;

[0131] S203, recycling the sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water to obtain fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources;

[0132] S204, using the intelligent monitoring module to monitor and adjust the working parameters of the above steps.

[0133] As for the method embodiment, since it basically corresponds to the system embodiment, the relevant parts can refer to the partial description of the system embodiment. The method embodiment described above is only schematic, wherein the components described as separate parts may or may not be physically separated, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the disclosed solution. A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand and implement it without creative work.

[0134] The present application provides a rural environmental comprehensive improvement system and method based on ecological water treatment technology, which can effectively solve the problem of rural sewage pollution and achieve the high efficiency, economy and environmental protection of sewage treatment. The sewage pretreatment module removes large pieces of debris and inorganic suspended matter to obtain pretreated sewage and agricultural waste for subsequent treatment and utilization; the multi-stage artificial wetlands and biofilm reactors in the ecological treatment module are used to further remove organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the water in an environmentally friendly manner to obtain reclaimed water and precipitated sludge; the resource module recycles the precipitated sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water to make fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources, realize the recycling of resources, reduce waste emissions and environmental pressure; the intelligent monitoring module ensures the efficient operation of the system through real-time monitoring and automatic control, can timely detect and handle abnormal situations, and improve the system operation stability and management efficiency. On the whole, the invention can effectively solve the problems of high cost, low treatment efficiency and insufficient resource utilization of rural sewage treatment, and realize the efficient treatment and resource utilization of rural sewage through the synergistic effect of various modules, and improve the rural ecological environment.

[0135] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-mentioned embodiments are displayed in sequence according to the indication of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence according to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless there is a clear explanation in this article, the execution of these steps does not have a strict order restriction, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-mentioned embodiments can include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be carried out in sequence, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a part of the steps or stages in other steps.

[0136] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the embodiments of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the embodiments of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the embodiments of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology, characterized in that: Including sewage pretreatment module, ecological treatment module, resource module and intelligent monitoring module: The sewage pretreatment module is used to collect and pretreat rural non-point source polluted runoff to obtain pretreated sewage and agricultural waste; The ecological treatment module is used to utilize multi-stage artificial wetlands and biofilm reactors to treat the pretreated sewage through the synergistic action of plants and microorganisms to obtain precipitated sludge and reclaimed water; The resource recovery module is used to recycle the sedimentation sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water to generate fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources; The intelligent monitoring module is used to monitor and regulate the operating status of the sewage pretreatment module, the ecological treatment module and the resource utilization module.

2. A rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring module is also used for: Acquire water quality information and equipment operation information in the sewage pretreatment module, the ecological treatment module and the resource utilization module, integrate the water quality information and the equipment operation information, and obtain module status information; Calculate the anomaly score of the module status information, and classify the risk level of the module status information according to preset conditions, the size of the anomaly score, and the duration of the anomaly data: When the anomaly score is less than X and the duration of the anomaly data is less than Y, classifying the module status information as a low risk level; When the anomaly score is between X and Z and the duration of the anomaly data is less than W, the anomaly score is less than X and the duration of the anomaly data is between Y and W, or the anomaly score is between X and Z and the duration of the anomaly data is between Y and W, the module status information is classified as a medium risk level; When the anomaly score is greater than Z or the duration of the anomaly data is greater than W, the module status information is classified as a high risk level; Take appropriate measures based on the risk level of the module status information: When the risk is low, increase the sampling frequency of the sensor; When the risk is medium, the self-check program is started and the equipment operating parameters are automatically adjusted according to the self-check results; When the risk is high, the emergency handling procedure is activated, the procedure is used to instruct the immediate closure of the corresponding module equipment and pipeline valves, and generate abnormal prompt information, the abnormal prompt information is used to instruct maintenance personnel to conduct on-site inspection and repair.

3. A rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring module is also used to calculate the abnormal score of the module status information using the following formula: Among them, S(t) represents the anomaly score, X i (t) represents the current value of the i-th parameter at time t, m i Represents the median of the i-th parameter, MAD i represents the absolute deviation of the i-th parameter, α, β and γ represent weight parameters, I i represents the inherent importance of the i-th parameter, A i represents the abnormal frequency of the ith parameter, D i Indicates the severity of the abnormality of the i-th parameter, k m represents the module coefficient, e -λt represents the time decay factor, Z represents the normalization factor, the weight is 1, and E(t) represents the interaction term; Where Z is calculated by the following formula: Z = ∑ i (α·I i +β·A i +γ·D i ); E(t) is calculated by the following formula: Among them, δ represents the adjustment parameter, C ij represents the correlation coefficient between the i-th and j-th parameters, represents the predicted value of the i-th parameter at time t.

4. A rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sewage pretreatment module is also used for: Obtain information on sources of non-point source pollution runoff within villages; Lay a sewage interception network based on the source information of the rural non-point source pollution runoff, and collect rural sewage generated by rural life activities, agricultural production or other surface processes through the sewage interception network; Use adjustable interval grid wells to intercept large-sized solid debris in sewage; Use sand settling to treat inorganic suspended matter in sewage; Performing aeration treatment to obtain pretreated sewage and sludge; The large-sized solid debris is cleaned and classified to obtain agricultural waste.

5. A rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resource module also includes: Conditioning and dehydrating the precipitated sludge to obtain a sludge cake having a moisture content of less than 60%; The mud cake is treated by an aerobic fermentation method, and the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration parameter information in the fermentation process are obtained in real time by sensors, and the fermentation conditions are adjusted according to the parameter information to obtain fertilizer.

6. A rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resource module is also used for: The reclaimed water is subjected to fine filtration treatment to obtain stable reclaimed water; Using a nanofiltration membrane to separate the stable reclaimed water at an operating pressure of 1-3 MPa to obtain a permeate and a concentrate; The permeate is sterilized and disinfected by ultraviolet light to obtain reusable water resources; The concentrated liquid is evaporated and concentrated to obtain liquid fertilizer.

7. A rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resource module is also used for: The collected agricultural waste is screened according to its properties and components, and the preset components are removed and dried to obtain raw materials for charcoal making; The carbon-making raw material is crushed and extruded to obtain carbon-making particles of a preset size; The charcoal-making particles are made into biochar by using a charcoal-making method.

8. The rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ecological treatment module is also used to treat the pre-treated sewage in the following manner to obtain sedimentation sludge and reclaimed water: Use vertical flow wetlands to degrade COD and BOD in pre-treated sewage to obtain primary treated water; Using surface flow wetlands to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from the primary treated water to obtain secondary treated water; Using the ecological self-purification function of the aquatic plant community in the landscape wetland, the secondary treated water is conditioned to obtain reclaimed water; Using a sludge pump to suck out the sludge generated by the vertical flow wetland, the surface flow wetland and the landscape wetland; The sludge is put into a sludge settling tank, a flocculant is added, and the sludge is precipitated for a preset time to obtain precipitated sludge.

9. A rural environment comprehensive improvement system based on ecological water treatment technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The vertical flow wetland is formed by stacking a filler layer as a base, a biochar layer, a filter material layer and aquatic plants in sequence, the filler layer includes gravels of different particle sizes, and the filter material layer is composed of non-woven needle felt; The surface flow wetland comprises a floating mat layer and aquatic plants growing on the floating mat layer, wherein the floating mat layer is used to support the aquatic plants, and the roots, rhizomes and hanging root biofilm network of the aquatic plants are used to provide a biologically active surface area for biochemical transformation and physical processes of pollutants; The landscape wetland includes a substrate layer, aquatic flora and fauna communities and an aeration device, the substrate layer includes one or more mixtures of soil, gravel, sand and biochar, and the aquatic flora and fauna communities include emergent plants, floating leaf plants, submerged plants, zooplankton, benthic animals, swimming animals and microorganisms.

10. A method for comprehensive improvement of rural environment based on ecological water treatment technology, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S201, collecting and pre-treating rural non-point source polluted runoff to obtain pre-treated sewage and agricultural waste; S202, using a multi-stage artificial wetland and a biofilm reactor to treat the pretreated sewage through the synergistic action of plants and microorganisms to obtain precipitated sludge and reclaimed water; S203, recycling the precipitated sludge, agricultural waste and reclaimed water to obtain fertilizer, biochar and reusable water resources; S204, using the intelligent monitoring module to monitor and adjust the working parameters of the aforementioned steps.

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